Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Constructions – Effets de la pollution"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся зі списками актуальних статей, книг, дисертацій, тез та інших наукових джерел на тему "Constructions – Effets de la pollution".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Статті в журналах з теми "Constructions – Effets de la pollution"
1
Pan, Qin Feng. "Solutions and Engineering Examples for Water Seepage Pollution of Retaining Wall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.120.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Drain hole is a important structural measure in retaining wall constructions The necessity of retaining wall drainage holes and its side effects were discussed in the paper. A solution is proposed to deal with water seepage pollution with the use of leading channel, which is demonstrated in some practical project. The project shows that dark tank to guide water is characteristiced with low cost, short construction period and reliable effect, which is worthy of reference in other similar projects.
2
Asminin, Viktor, and Ulyana Pavlova. "DESIGN OF PASSENDGER SHELDER CONSTRUCTIONS WITH NOISE-PROTECTIVE FUNCTION OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT." Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии, no. 1(25) (April 1, 2019): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-25-1-73-83.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Negative influence for agglomeration ecological safety are modern growth of the cities, increase in population density, intensification of automobile transportations. The urban environment everything more becomes subject to the acoustic pollution of road traffic. Negative influence of this type of pollution on a hu-man body is conventional and is shown in the big range of influences. For example the Concept of complica-tion offered by A. Chic, which reflects subjective psychological feelings from the acoustic pollution of road traffic in the city and beyond its. The existing methods of fight against auto transportation noise is ineffectively or sometimes unaccepta-bly in the developed living area. The most acoustic pollution sites in urban environment are the locations of public transport stop points. Recommendations for design of PSC taking into account their shielding effect for the purpose of decrease acoustic pollution are developed. Possibilities of the developed computer program for design of PSC with noise-protective characteristics concerning object of a noise-protective are reflected in this work. The problem of optimization of PSC tech-nical parameters for the purpose of increase of level of security of an urban environment from the acoustic pollution of road traffic is solved. Nomograms for determination of optimum height of PSC with installation on them additional screens are developed.
3
Zamora-Castro, Sergio A., Rolando Salgado-Estrada, Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo, Roberto Angel Melendez-Armenta, Erick Manzano-Huerta, Enriqueta Yelmi-Carrillo, and Agustín L. Herrera-May. "Sustainable Development of Concrete through Aggregates and Innovative Materials: A Review." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020629.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of concrete in civil infrastructure is highly demanded in structural and nonstructural elements. However, the high production of concrete could lead to severe pollution in the world. This pollution can be decreased using sustainable materials mixed with cement to obtain sustainable concrete. These sustainable materials include reinforcing fibers (e.g., steel, polypropylene, carbon fibers), recycled materials (e.g., tire rubber, crushed glass, plastic, industrial waste) as well as organic and inorganic elements as concrete aggregates and reinforcement elements. The sustainable construction materials can reduce the amount constitutive elements of concrete required for civil constructions. In addition, some sustainable materials added to cement could improve some properties of the concrete, like the compressive and flexural strength of concrete structural elements. Thus, the maintenance requirements or early replacement of these structural elements could be decreased. This review presents recent investigations about the performance of different sustainable concrete types. In addition, we include the effects on the mechanical properties of the concrete caused by the incorporation of several sustainable materials. In addition, recommendations for the use and testing of sustainable concrete are reported. These materials have potential applications in the sustainable concrete infrastructure in future smart cities.
4
Zamora-Castro, Sergio A., Rolando Salgado-Estrada, Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo, Roberto Angel Melendez-Armenta, Erick Manzano-Huerta, Enriqueta Yelmi-Carrillo, and Agustín L. Herrera-May. "Sustainable Development of Concrete through Aggregates and Innovative Materials: A Review." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020629.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of concrete in civil infrastructure is highly demanded in structural and nonstructural elements. However, the high production of concrete could lead to severe pollution in the world. This pollution can be decreased using sustainable materials mixed with cement to obtain sustainable concrete. These sustainable materials include reinforcing fibers (e.g., steel, polypropylene, carbon fibers), recycled materials (e.g., tire rubber, crushed glass, plastic, industrial waste) as well as organic and inorganic elements as concrete aggregates and reinforcement elements. The sustainable construction materials can reduce the amount constitutive elements of concrete required for civil constructions. In addition, some sustainable materials added to cement could improve some properties of the concrete, like the compressive and flexural strength of concrete structural elements. Thus, the maintenance requirements or early replacement of these structural elements could be decreased. This review presents recent investigations about the performance of different sustainable concrete types. In addition, we include the effects on the mechanical properties of the concrete caused by the incorporation of several sustainable materials. In addition, recommendations for the use and testing of sustainable concrete are reported. These materials have potential applications in the sustainable concrete infrastructure in future smart cities.
5
Vorobjeva, Kseniya Yurjevna, and Nataliya Vladimirovna Prokhorova. "Lactose-positive intestinal protozoa in objects under construction soil cover of the Samara Region." Samara Journal of Science 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201762105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Samara Region is one of the largest industrial and agricultural centers of the Russian Federation. It is characterized by a high level of urbanization. Soil degradation, its chemical and bacteriological pollution as well as declining fertility are the result of versatile economic activity in the region. The rate and level of soil pollution are actively monitored however only very scarce data on its sanitary-epidemiological condition are available. At present Samara Region is facing a boost of residential, administrative and industrial constriction which requires sanitary-epidemiological testing of soil at construction sites. The paper deals with the above mentioned problem. It has been determined that the most reliable criteria in estimating the sanitary-epidemiological condition of soil are sanitary-significant microorganisms, a group of coliform bacillus in particular. The causes and effects of urban soil pollution by microbiological contaminants have been analyzed. The role of lactose-positive intestinal protozoa as sanitary-significant microorganisms has been studied. A quantitative evaluation of lactose-positive intestinal protozoa index has been carried out for the soils below residential buildings, administrative buildings, industrial constructions as well as the utility systems area. In particular, it has been measured that the level of soil pollution by lactose positive intestinal protozoa depends on the period they have been in human use. An aggravated level of soil pollution in certain areas can be observed due to uncontrolled littering as well as pet walking or an increasing number of stray animals. Industrialized areas (oil plants) are characterized by the lowest level of lactose positive protozoa contamination which is explained by the fact that those industries use modern technologies which are able to minimize ecological risks. However, such areas are polluted in a different way. Dangerous level of soil contamination by lactose positive protozoa is registered at several large automotive plants.
6
Lingvay, Iosif, Adriana Mariana Bors, Daniel Lingvay, Ladislau Radermacher, and Vlad Neagu. "Electromagnetic Pollution of the Environment and its Effects on the Materials from the Built up Media." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 12 (January 15, 2019): 3593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.12.6800.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In built up media (complex built environment), the materials are simultaneously exposed to a series of physical, chemical and microbiological stress factors that act synergistically with disturbing electromagnetic fields and cause material degradation - with consequences on the durability and safety in exploitation of buildings and installations. The main generative sources of disturbing fields (stray current generators) on built up media are railroads with DC or AC traction with various operating voltage and frequency, medium and high voltage overhead power lines and unbalanced currents from a three-phase power system. The generated stray currents cause destruction both in metallic elements of built structures (railroads, power installations) and in neighbouring constructions and installations (belonging to other administrations) with negative environmental implications.
7
Al-Qummaz, Surat Mahmoud Awwad. "Roughness of the Asphalt Mix: Its Causes, Effects and Methods to Treat It." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 10, no. 5 (January 30, 2022): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.e6650.0110522.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research aims at investigating roughness in asphalt mix, and to address its effects, causes and methods for treating it to provide safe and smooth driving for the drivers and to the roads users in order to reduce accidents, loss of properties and consumption of fuel which reflects on saving financial costs. The research has depended on qualitative research method through reviewing a number of previous studies related to road constructions, since the desired high quality of roads has become priority to the road users and to the environmentalists who seek to reduce air pollution and emission of harmful gases.
8
Rahmayana, Putri Elsari, Humiras Hardi Purba, and Budi Susetyo. "Improving Ballastless Track Quality Using Project Quality Management and SmartPLS." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 12, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v12i1.6616.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Transportation is still a significant problem in Indonesia. Indonesians prefer to use private vehicles for daily mobility purposes because public transportation lacks safety and comfort and has a longer trip duration. This issue causes congestion and air pollution problems. Hence, sustainable railbased public transportation is recommended. Light Rail Transit (LRT) tends to be congestion-free and has a relatively shorter travel time with a large passenger capacity. Most LRT track constructions use the ballastless track. However, this track construction is still new in Indonesia. The research aimed to determine the most important factors in improving ballastless track construction performance on LRT. The research referred to the existing LRT construction in Indonesia using Lean Construction (LC) and Project Quality Management (PQM) approaches. Statistical science approach with SmartPLS software was also used in data processing and modeling the relationship between variables. The research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to determine the most important factors in improving the quality of ballastless tracks with variables and indicators extracted from LC and PQM methods. From five tested hypotheses, only one hypothesis is accepted. Quality control has a positive effect on track quality. It is also found that quality control becomes the most important variable in improving ballastless track quality.
9
Prasad, Meenu. "Analysis of Coconut Shell Concrete in the Sandwich Beam using ANSYS." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 4552–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SCS consists of a layer of unreinforced concrete core, sandwiched between two relatively thin steel plates with novel enhanced C-channel connectors. Compared to C-channel connectors, ECs directly link the two external steel faceplates. The cost of traditional materials used in the concrete is the major factor which increases the cost of constructions, so it is necessary to research for alternative construction materials. In this project, the concrete core is used as the coconut shell concrete. Coconut Shell is a waste, generated by industrial and agricultural processes, and has created disposal and management problems that pose serious issues of environmental pollution. The first objective is to analyze the composite properties at 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of coconut shell in the sandwich beam using rules of mixture . The Rules of Mixture is an analytical equations that are used to calculate the composite properties of the material. Then analyze the effect of coconut shell sandwich beam in ANSYS software. Also compare the conventional sandwich beam and coconut shell sandwich beam. Analyze the strength and decaying of coconut shell sandwich beam using ANSYS.
10
Bäckström, M., and A. Bergström. "Draining function of porous asphalt during snowmelt and temporary freezing." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 3 (June 1, 2000): 594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l99-095.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Urban runoff creates problems with flooding and pollution of receiving waters. Furthermore, cold climate conditions have a degenerating effect on stormwater systems and road constructions. Porous asphalt has been used as a wearing course on highways and in porous pavement constructions all around the world. The main focus of this study was to evaluate the function of porous asphalt in cold climates. Measurements of the draining function of porous asphalt were carried out in a climate room with adjustable temperature in the range -10°C to +20°C. At freezing point, the infiltration capacity of porous asphalt was approximately 50% of the infiltration capacity at +20°C. When the porous asphalt was exposed to alternating melting and freezing during 2 days, conditions similar to the snowmelt period, the infiltration capacity was reduced by approximately 90%. Based on the results of this study and previous studies, the infiltration capacity of porous asphalt was estimated to be 1-5 mm/min for snowmelt conditions.Key words: cold climate, infiltration, porous asphalt, porous pavement, stormwater.
Дисертації з теми "Constructions – Effets de la pollution"
1
Milliez, Maya. "Modélisation micro-météorologique en milieu urbain : dispersion des polluants et prise en compte des effets radiatifs." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENPC0629.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L'hétérogénéité des espaces urbains et l'interaction avec les bâtiments sont à l'origine de processus complexes à prendre en compte dans les études de pollution atmosphérique et de climat urbain à petite échelle. Afin d'estimer l'impact des bâtiments sur l'écoulement et la dispersion de polluants, une étude détaillée dans un milieu urbain idéalisé a été effectuée avec le modèle numérique tridimensionnel Mercure_Saturne, en modélisant à la fois les concentrations moyennes et leurs fluctuations. Pour prendre en compte le rayonnement atmosphérique en milieu bâti et les effets thermiques des bâtiments, nous avons implémenté un modèle radiatif tridimensionnel adapté à la géométrie complexe. Ce modèle, adapté d'un schéma utilisé pour le rayonnement thermique, résout l'équation des transferts radiatifs en milieu semi-transparent, en utilisant la méthode des ordonnées discrètes. Le nouveau schéma a été validé en milieu transparent sur des cas idéalisés et comparé à un cas complet.
2
Chabas, Anne. "Rôle de l'environnement atmosphérique marin dans la dégradation des marbres et du granite de Delos (Cyclades - Grèce)." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120052.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ce travail a consiste a determiner les principaux modes et mecanismes de l'alteration des materiaux pierreux du site archeologique de l'ile de delos (cyclades-grece) par les aerosols marins. La comprehension de ce mecanisme d'interaction entre l'atmosphere et le materiau a necessite d'une part, la caracterisation des apports atmospheriques particulaires secs (par filtration d'air) et humides (par recolte d'evenements pluvieux), et d'autre part, l'etude des proprietes petrophysiques des materiaux pierreux. Il a ete possible de justifier les alterations les plus importantes rencontrees a delos par l'action des sels et l'action de la pollution atmospherique : - les cycles de dissolution-critallisation des sels conduisent a la desagregation et a la desquamation des roches ainsi qu'a la formation de crateres. Ces cycles se produisent d'une part, par transfert capillaire-evaporation a partir d'une alimentation en eau et en sel depuis le sol et d'autre part, par solvatation des sels deposes a la surface des monuments par les embruns. - l'action de la pollution atmospherique se manifeste par des dissolutions et des encroutements bruns. Les dissolutions sont la consequence du ruissellement de l'eau de pluie, pouvant, a delos, atteindre un ph de 4. La production d'acides peut egalement survenir par reaction entre les sels marins et h#2so#4. Les encroutements bruns gypseux, dont l'origine atmospherique est discutee, sont en tout point comparables aux croutes noires decrites en atmosphere urbaine polluee. Cette definition des mecanismes de formation des alterations est indispensable a l'etablissement d'une meilleure conservation des monuments.
3
Kurose, Ayumi. "Effets des séismes sur les ouvrages souterrains." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EPXX0030.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le premier chapitre de la thèse contient des exemples de mouvements sismiques et de dégâts observes dans des ouvrages souterrains a la suite de séismes au japon, au Mexique et en californie. La bibliographique permet de dégager les limites des méthodes actuelles pour l'analyse sismique des ouvrages à grande profondeur. Le second chapitre propose une analyse dynamique nouvelle pour ces ouvrages. Partant de la constatation du caractère très simple de la méthode qui présidé au dimensionnement des ouvrages de surface, on cherche à mettre en oeuvre une méthode d'une simplicité comparable pour le cas des ouvrages profonds. S'appuyant sur les travaux antérieurs de mow et pao sur la diffraction des ondes par des ouvrages, on met en place une méthode de type analytique qui permet de déterminer la réponse en contrainte d'une structure allongée, de type tunnel, a une sollicitation dynamique, dans un massif infini élastique homogène isotrope. Le chapitre trois contient l'exploitation systématique de la méthode proposée, en envisageant les différents cas d'ondes monochromatiques auxquelles peut être soumise une structure souterraine, telles que les ondes sh, p et sv pour une incidence d'angle quelconque. Une approximation est proposée pour traiter les problèmes dans un demi-espace. Cette étude fournit une bonne compréhension des phénomènes mécaniques en jeu et permet de proposer des paramètres de dimensionnement parasismique des ouvrages profonds. Le quatrième chapitre complète l'analyse théorique précédente en illustrant son exploitation pour des sollicitations sismiques réelles. C'est ici que la démarche inspirée par l'analogie avec le dimensionnement des ouvrages de surface trouve sa cohérence complète, illustrée par des comparaisons entre les résultats de la méthode proposée et des observations réalisées dans des ouvrages souterrains, telles que les dégâts causes dans les tunnels durant le séisme de kobe en 1995 et les mesures in situ de déformation et de pression hydraulique a la mine de kamaishi au japon.
4
Hernandez, Hernandez Gabriel Angel. "Effets d'interaction sismique sol-structure." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0285.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Grâce à l'utilisation du principe des travaux virtuels, il est possible de présenter une approche unifiée de l'interaction sismique sol-structure mettant en évidence les sollicitations exercées d'un système sur l'autre adaptées à la cinématique de chaque domaine. La considération du problème sismique au niveau de la fondation set avantageuse car celle-ci peut souvent être considérée comme rigide. Le raisonnement en sous-structures développé ici ne repose que sur l'hypothèse de linéarité du comportement. Cette hypothèse restrictive étant retenue, le problème complet de l'interaction est envisagé en insistant sur une utilisation d'un champ sismique local le plus riche possible. Le traitement numérique n'est développé que le plus tardivement possible de manière à laisser la voie ouverte aux techniques les plus adaptées et à la mise en œuvre de méthodes simplifiées. Cette approche modulaire permet d'utiliser en tant que de besoin divers outils, en particulier tout code classique de calcul dynamique des structures
5
Scheiman, Patricia. "Analyse de la réponse de structures non linéaires à deux degrés de liberté sollicitées par des sources d'excitation aléatoires." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EVRY0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dans les centrales nucleaires, de nombreux composants mecaniques sont maintenus par des supports a jeux qui leur permettent de se dilater librement. En cas de sollicitation sismique, sous l'effet des impacts engendres, ce dispositif induit des effets fortement non lineaires. Pour analyser ce type de probleme, les methodes de linearisation sont les plus adaptees. Toutefois, le comportement spectral non lineaire n'est pas correctement represente par la linearisation stochastique gaussienne. C'est dans ce contexte que se sont developpees des methodes de linearisation a coefficients aleatoires. Ces techniques, tres performantes en dimension un, necessitent des ameliorations en dimension superieure. Dans cette optique, nous proposons de mener une etude de la dynamique d'un systeme a deux degres de liberte en presence de chocs. Une analyse detaillee de l'espace des phases met en evidence des regimes periodiques stables, qui permettent de construire de meilleurs modeles lineaires equivalents.
6
Billard, Alain. "Sismicite et monuments antiques : les ponts et canaux sur les aqueducs romains du bassin méditerranéens." Bordeaux 3, 2006. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2006BOR30005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L'objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre comment les architectes romains ont conçu les ponts-canaux sur les aqueducs, pour résister aux tremblements de terre et, bien entendu aux vents. Si un modèle architectural a su s'imposer à travers l'Empire, il a souvent été le résultat de la recherche de la stabilité aux sollicitations dynamiques de ces ouvrages. Certains pont ont traversé les siècles, d'autres ont beaucopu souffert, d'autres enfin ne sont plus que des toponymes. Par delà l'action anthropique, pourquoi?The aim of this thesis is to understand how roman architects have conceived canal bridges on aqueducts, to resist to earthquakes and of course to winds. If an architectural model stood out all over the Empire, was often the result of a search of stability against dynamic pressures on these works. Some of them have crossed countries, others have much suffered, from others, nothing but toponymics remains. Beyond anthropic action, why?
7
Youssouf, Hassani. "Effets respiratoires de la pollution atmosphérique : prise en compte de plusieurs niveaux de pollution." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066456/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les objectifs de cette thèse sont d'étudier les effets respiratoires de la pollution atmosphérique en prenant en compte 3 niveaux d'exposition: les niveaux macroscopique, semi-individuel et individuel.Pour le niveau macroscopique, nous avons étudié les effets sanitaires des émissions des feux de forêts dans une étude de type écologique. Au travers d'une revue de la littérature, nous avons observé que plusieurs études épidémiologiques avaient mis en évidence l'association entre l'exposition aux émissions des feux et l'augmentation des maladies cardiopulmonaires et la mortalité pour les individus habitant à proximité. La principale limite à ces études est donnée par l'évaluation de l'exposition. Dans une étude de cas sur les incendies de Marseille de 2009, nous avons observé des effets à la limite de la signification 8 et 9 jours après l'exposition entre les concentrations des particules fines(PM2.5 ) issues des incendies et les effets respiratoires.Pour le niveau semi-individuel, nous avons étudié le lien entre la pollution domestique et professionnelle et les maladies respiratoires chez des agriculteurs auvergnats dans le cadre d'une étude de type transversale. Nous avons observé que les dérivés halogénés et l'étyl-butoxyacetate étaient associés de façon significative aux maladies des petites voies aériennes. La concentration de benzène dans la pièce de vie principale de la ferme était significativement associée à une augmentation du risque d'asthme. Enfin, l'utilisation de l'acide mercapturique, dans le cadre d'une étude de type cas témoin nichée nous a permis de mesurer la dose interne d'exposition du benzène parmi des enfants de l'étude et son lien avec l'asthmeThe objectives of this thesis were to study the respiratory effects of air pollution by taking into account three levels of exposure: the macroscopic, semi-individual and individual levels. For the macroscopic level, we studied the health effects of emissions from forest fires in an ecological study. Through a literature review, we found that several epidemiological studies have shown the association between exposure to wildfire emissions and increase cardiopulmonary disease and mortality for the people living nearby. The main limitation of these studies is given by the exposure assessment. In a case study of the wildfire occurred in Marseille in the summer 2009, we observed effects at the limit of significance 8 and 9 days after exposure between concentrations of fine particles (PM2.5) from fire and respiratory effects .For semi-individual level, we have studied the link between domestic and occupational pollution and respiratory diseases among farmers from Auvergne using a cross-sectional study. We observed that the halogenated hydrocarbons and Etyl-butoxyacetate were significantly associated with the small airways disease. Benzene concentration in the living room of the farm was significantly associated with an increased risk of asthma. Finally, the use of a biomarker (the mercapturic acid) in the context of a case-control study allowed us to measure the internal dose of the exposure to benzene and its link with asthma among children included the study
8
Kengne, Fotsing Joséphine. "Bio-évaluation des cours d’eau de la région Ouest du Cameroun à l’aide des macroinvertébrés benthiques et construction d’un indice multimétrique régional." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R067/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les macroinvertébrés benthiques sont depuis toujours reconnus comme d’excellents outils de bio-évaluation de la qualité des eaux, que ce soit dans les milieux tropicaux que tempérés. L’objectif principal de cette thèse était de faire un état de lieu de la qualité des eaux de la région Ouest du Cameroun, sans cesse dégradée par des activités anthropiques diverses et multiples. En s’appuyant sur les communautés benthiques présentes et leurs préférences écologiques à l’échelle du mésohabitat, nous avons abouti à la construction d'un indice régional de bio-évaluation de la qualité écologique des cours d'eau. A partir des analyses multivariées, une biotypologie des cours d’eau a été dégagée au sein des stations échantillonnées, aboutissant à différents patrons de distribution avec d’une part les stations de référence et d’autre part les stations impactées, sur la base du niveau d’urbanisation et la nature des effluents dans les différents sous-bassins versants. Un indice multimétrique (IMMOC), mesurant l'écart à la référence, a pu être créé à partir de ces lots de stations. Parmi les 18 métriques candidates (transformées en Ratio de Qualité Écologique), nous avons sélectionné les métriques présentant une forte efficacité de discrimination et un faible coefficient de variation en condition de référence. L’indice le plus performant se compose de 2 métriques à savoir l’indice de Shannon et la métrique 1–GOLD. A partir d’un jeu de données test indépendant du jeu de données d’apprentissage, nous avons vérifié que l’IMMOC était stable en condition de référence et sensible à la gamme de pressions anthropiques présentes dans cette région, confirmant ainsi son caractère généralisteBenthic macroinvertebrates have always been recognized as better tools for bio-assessment of the ecological quality of streams in both tropical and temperate areas. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the water quality of the Western region of Cameroon most degraded by various and multiple anthropogenic activities. From these communities of macroinvertebrates benthic and their ecological preferences at the mesohabitat scale, we resulted to the construction of a bio-assessment index of the ecological quality of streams adapted to this region. From multivariate analyzes, a stream biotypology into the sampled sites, allowed us to identify different distribution patterns, with on the one hand reference sites or non-impacted and the other hand, impacted sites based on the level of urbanization and the nature of the effluents in the different sub-watersheds. A multimetric index of biological quality (MMIWC), measuring the deviation from the reference, could be created, thanks to these two groups of stations. Among the 18 candidate metrics (transformed into Ecological Quality Ratio), we selected metrics with high discrimination efficiency and a low coefficient of variation in the reference conditions. The best performing index include two metrics derived to the taxonomic diversity (Shannon index) and taxonomic composition (1-GOLD). From a test dataset different to learning dataset, we were able to verify that MMIWC was stable in the reference conditions and sensitive to the full range of anthropogenic pressures present in this region, thus confirming its generalist character
9
BENSAFI, MOHAMMED. "Comportement dynamique de batiments sous sollicitations sismiques : etude de l'entrechoquement." Nantes, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NANT2057.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L'entrechoquement eventuel entre structures introduit des efforts d'impact non envisages dans le projet initial, qui vont se superposer a ceux qui resultent de l'excitation sismique proprement dite. Des degats importants dus a ces chocs ont ete constates conduisant parfois meme a la ruine complete des ouvrages. A part certaines etudes specifiques concernant la construction nucleaire, la documentation scientifique sur ce theme de recherche est limitee, sans pour autant apporter beaucoup de precision dans ce domaine. Dans la pratique, les constructeurs se contentent generalement d'assurer un jeu entre batiments deduit des reglements ou recommandations de calcul. Or l'usage de ces textes reste incertain faute de parametres significatifs caracterisant le comportement non lineaire aux chocs. Le travail presente ici est axe sur l'elaboration d'une methode de calcul tenant compte du comportement non lineaire du a l'entrechoquement des structures a un ou plusieurs niveaux contre une butee rigide. Pour analyser le comportement de la structure un algorithme d'integration implicite dans le temps a ete choisi. Un programme de calcul specifique developpe dans ce but, a permis d'etudier: les efforts engendres par le contact, la redistribution des vitesses apres celui-ci, l'influence des materiaux de remplissage, l'influence du choc sur le comportement de la structure (deplacement, acceleration, frequence, energie dissipee). Nous avons pu mettre en evidence des criteres pour le calcul des forces d'impact, le dimensionnement des structures et l'influence de la degradation structurale eventuelle sur la reponse de la structure. Le comportement d'une structure s'entrechoquant avec un mur rigide de plus faible hauteur a ete aussi etudie. Differentes relations empiriques sont proposees pour le calcul de la duree du contact, du coefficient de restitution des vitesses, de la periodicite des chocs, des deplacements maximaux
10
Hans, Stéphane. "Auscultation dynamique de bâtiments et modélisation par homogénéisation : contribution à l'analyse de la vulnérabilité sismique." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAL0089.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Un programme expérimental sur bâtiments désaffectés avant et en cours de démolition a été engagé pour recueillir des informations susceptibles de s'intégrer dans un diagnostic de vulnérabilité sismique du bâti existant. Trois méthodes vibratoires sont utilisées : des enregistrements de bruit de fond mécanique, des mesures sous excitation harmonique et enfin des mesures sous chocs. Les mesures conduisent non seulement à des estimations très cohérentes des paramètres modaux, mais également à une caractérisation réaliste du comportement dynamique que l'on peut traduire par des modèles simples de type "poutre en cisaillement", "poutre en flexion" ou encore "poutre de Timoshenko". Des données qualitatives sur l'interaction structure-sol et le rôle d'éléments non strcturels ont été obtenues. Cette étude plaide en faveur de l'intérêt de méthodes expérimentales pour conforter les diagnostics de vulnérabilité et dans ce sens, une procédure de détermination d'un critère d'intégrité pour les structures est proposée. En parallèle, la modélisation d'une structure simple périodique par la méthode d'homogénéisation des milieux discrets apporte une justification théorique de l'emploi de modèles continus de poutre pour caractériser le comportement dynamique des structures réelles. Elle apporte également une compréhension du fonctionnement interne des structuresAn experimental program on real buildings was realized to collect information able to integrate in a diagnosis of seismic vulnerability of the existing building. Three dynamic methods were used : recordings of mechanical ambient noise, measurements under harmonic excitation and measurements under shocks. These measurements lead to good estimations of the modal parameters, and to a realistic characterization of the dynamic behaviour that can be translated by simple beam models like shear beam, flexion beam or Timoshenko beam. Qualitative results were obtained on soil-structure interaction and on the participation of non-structural elements. This study pleads in favour of experimental methods to consolidate the vulnerability diagnosis and in this direction, a determination procedure of integrity criteria for the structures is proposed. About theorical aspects, the modelisation of a periodic simple structure with the homogenisation method of the discrete media brings a justification of continuous models of beam for characterize the dynamic behaviour of the real structures. It also brings a comprehension of the internal behaviour of the structures
Книги з теми "Constructions – Effets de la pollution"
1
Hangan, H. Étude de la pluie poussée par le vent portant sur l'ensemble résidentiel de Governor's Road, Dundas (Ontario). Ottawa, Ont: Société canadienne d'hypothèques et de logement, 2000.
Знайти повний текст джерела
2
Schriver-Mazzuoli, Louise. La pollution de l'air intérieur: Sources, effets sanitaires, ventilation. Paris: Dunod, 2009.
Знайти повний текст джерела
3
Sohair, Mehanna, and Haggar Salah el-, eds. People and pollution: Cultural constructions and social action in Egypt. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2001.
Знайти повний текст джерела
4
Les mutagènes de l'environnement et leurs effets biologiques. Montréal, Qué: Décarie, 1990.
Знайти повний текст джерела
5
Masclet, Pierre. Pollution atmosphérique: Causes, conséquences, solutions, perspectives. Paris: Ellipses, 2005.
Знайти повний текст джерела
6
Tremblay, Serge. Effets de l'acidité sur les communautés piscicoles du Nord de la Mauricie. [Québec]: Gouvernement du Québec, Ministère de l'environnement, 1989.
Знайти повний текст джерела
7
Treshow, Michael. Plant stress from air pollution. Chichester [England]: Wiley, 1989.
Знайти повний текст джерела
8
Rauno, Väisänen, ed. Insects and pollution. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1993.
Знайти повний текст джерела
9
François, Galgani, Grouhel Anne, Thébaud Marie-Jo, and Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer, eds. Les marqueurs biologiques des effets des polluants: L'acétylcholinestérase. Plouzané: Ifremer, 2004.
Знайти повний текст джерела
10
Thibodeau, Jean-Claude. Effets des nouvelles technologies de production sur les niveaux de pollution: Étude de trois secteurs industriels. [Québec]: Gouvernement du Québec, Ministère de l'environnement, 1989.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Constructions – Effets de la pollution"
1
Joshi, Keshava, Lokeshwari Navalgund, and Vinayaka B. Shet. "Water Pollution from Construction Industry: An Introduction." In Ecological and Health Effects of Building Materials, 245–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76073-1_13.
Повний текст джерела
2
Tinsson, Walter. "Plans d’expérience pour modèles à effets d’interactions." In Plans d'expérience: constructions et analyses statistiques, 115–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11472-4_4.
Повний текст джерела
3
Garrec, J. P., and C. Laebens. "Effets Des “Pluies Acides” sur les Cuticules et les Surfaces Foliaires." In Air Pollution and Ecosystems, 704–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4003-1_84.
Повний текст джерела
4
Zhang, Jianfeng. "Eco-village Construction and Pollution Control Effect Analysis." In Study of Ecological Engineering of Human Settlements, 233–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1373-2_9.
Повний текст джерела
5
Saint-Guily, A. "Effets de la Pollution Atmospherique sur le Systeme Secreteur et la Composition Terpenique des Aiguilles de Picea Abies." In Air Pollution and Ecosystems, 723–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4003-1_87.
Повний текст джерела
6
Malka, P., D. Contour-Ansel, P. Louguet, and J. Bonte. "Effets d’une pollution de l’atmosphère par l’Ozone et le Dioxyde de Soufre sur la croissance, la conductance stomatique et la teneur en composés phénoliques de 3 clones d’épicéas en chambre à ciel ouvert." In Air Pollution and Ecosystems, 717–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4003-1_86.
Повний текст джерела
7
Nayak, Ramesh Chandra, Manmatha K. Roul, Payodhar Padhi, and Saroj K. Sarangi. "Design and Development of Improved Methods of Curing of Bricks During Manufacturing Process and Construction Work to Save Water, Minimize Pollution and Human Effort." In Ecological and Health Effects of Building Materials, 259–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76073-1_14.
Повний текст джерела
8
Wei, Yimeng, Areti Markopoulou, Yuanshuang Zhu, Eduardo Chamorro Martin, and Nikol Kirova. "Additive Manufacture of Cellulose Based Bio-Material on Architectural Scale." In Proceedings of the 2021 DigitalFUTURES, 286–304. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5983-6_27.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThere are severe environmental and ecological issues once we evaluate the architecture industry with LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), such as emission of CO2 caused by necessary high temperature for producing cement and significant amounts of Construction Demolition Waste (CDW) in deteriorated and obsolete buildings. One of the ways to solve these problems is Bio-Material. CELLULOSE and CHITON is the 1st and 2nd abundant substance in nature (Duro-Royo, J.: Aguahoja_Programmable Water-based Biocomposites for Digital Design and Fabrication across Scales. MIT, pp. 1–3 (2019)), which means significantly potential for architectural dimension production. Meanwhile, renewability and biodegradability make it more conducive to the current problem of construction pollution. The purpose of this study is to explore Cellulose Based Biomaterial and bring it into architectural scale additive manufacture that engages with performance in the material development, with respect to time of solidification and control of shrinkage, as well as offering mechanical strength. At present, the experiments have proved the possibility of developing a cellulose-chitosan- based composite into 3D-Printing Construction Material (Sanandiya, N.D., Vijay, Y., Dimopoulou, M., Dritsas, S., Fernandez, J.G.: Large-scale additive manufacturing with bioinspired cellulosic materials. Sci. Rep. 8(1), 1–5 (2018)). Moreover, The research shows that the characteristics (Such as waterproof, bending, compression, tensile, transparency) of the composite can be enhanced by different additives (such as xanthan gum, paper fiber, flour), which means it can be customized into various architectural components based on Performance Directional Optimization. This solution has a positive effect on environmental impact reduction and is of great significance in putting the architectural construction industry into a more environment-friendly and smart state.
9
"LA POLLUTION ET AUTRES EFFETS EXTERNES." In Problèmes et politiques économiques, 333–82. Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv18phd50.15.
Повний текст джерела
10
Hopkins, Nicholas S., Sohair R. Mehanna, and Salah El-Haggar. "Measuring Pollution." In People and PollutionCultural Constructions and Social Action in Egypt, 37–45. American University in Cairo Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5743/cairo/9789774245725.003.0003.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Constructions – Effets de la pollution"
1
Mao, Peng, Jie Li, Liyan Jin, and Jiao Qi. "Evaluation on Effects of Construction Dust Pollution on Economic Loss." In International Conference on Construction and Real Estate Management 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481066.037.
Повний текст джерела
2
Culakova, Monika. "BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON POLLUTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE." In SGEM2011 11th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference and EXPO. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2011/s17.106.
Повний текст джерела
3
Manzhilevskaya, S. E. "METHODS FOR CALCULATING THE COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE FROM CONSTRUCTION WORKS, AS A METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION." In INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itno.2020.294-296.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article analyzes methods for calculating the cost of environmental damage from construction work. Under the damage caused to the national economy by dust emissions from local construction and from other sources, they mean the additional costs necessary to eliminate the effects of air pollution. The analysis of the influence of fine dust particles emitted during repair, construction and decoration works air in the urban environment and the working area. Calculation methods and methods for the economic assessment of the cost of harm caused by construction production to the environment are proposed.
4
PAN, HAIFENG, and DINGSHENG ZHANG. "RESEARCH ON THE RELEVANCE AND SPATIAL SPILLOVER EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN CHINA." In 2021 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED EDUCATION AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (AEIM 2021). Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/aeim2021/35984.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Comprehensively considering the factors of environmental pollution, financial development and spillover effects, this paper analyzes the spatial dependence and clustering characteristics by selecting provincial panel data from 2005 to 2018. Meanwhile, considering geographic distance, economic distance and asymmetric factors, the optimal spatial econometric models are determined by constructing five different weight matrices and utilizing spatial panel models. The results show that (1) there existed significant positive correlation in the regional economic development and the spatial dependence played a significant role in promoting the economic development; (2) the direction and significance of spatial spillover effects were consistent under different spatial weights, and the spatial weight which considered geographical distance, economic distance and asymmetric factors proved to be the best; (3) the environmental pollution had a significant positive correlation with economic growth; (4) financial development had some positive effects on economic growth; (5) financial development was conducive to reducing the impact of environmental pollution on economic growth, and the promotion of environmental quality could strengthen the role of financial development in promoting economic growth; (6) from the perspective of regional heterogeneity, the cross terms of environmental pollution and financial development were not significant in the eastern region, but significantly negative in the central and western regions.
5
"A Study on Sustainable Reutilization of C&D Debris in the Construction of Traffic Barrier." In Recent Advancements in Geotechnical Engineering. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901618-14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. In India, the construction industry is growing at twice the world average. This leads to a significant accumulation of C&D waste. This typically includes asphalt, steel, concrete, bricks, wood and other building materials. It is estimated on a conservative basis that over 25-30 million tons of C&D waste is generated which clogs rivers, blocks traffic and occupies land / agricultural space which in turn creates pollution, solid waste production, discharge of dust and gas and leads to additional utilization of natural resources including non-renewable resources, thereby depleting the available resources. Only little amount of construction and demolition concrete debris is recycled or reused. Construction and demolition waste generation and handling issues are being focused to achieve sustainable goals. Based on this study, experimental investigations are carried out to evaluate the material properties and to study the strength characteristics and effect of partial replacement (20 %, 30 % and 40 %) of both fine and coarse aggregate obtained from construction and demolition waste (CDW) in the construction of intermediate road traffic concrete barriers.
6
Malathi, R. "Performance Study on Partial Replacement of Bitumen using Waste Polypropylene Cement Bags for Pavement Construction." In Sustainable Materials and Smart Practices. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901953-47.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Flexible pavement is most commonly used in the bituminous material mix. It consists of different binders such as asphalt or bitumen and other minerals are added and compacted and used together in the lower layer of the pavement. Bituminous pavement surface property changes due to varying weather conditions. In hot climatic conditions, the bitumen becomes soft and during cold conditions it becomes too stiff and brittle in nature. In this study, the main concept is to reuse the waste materials and to promote cost-effective solution and reduce environmental pollution. In this project, waste cement bags (polypropylene) are used to replace a portion of bitumen which is used in road construction. Effect of addition of additive materials on the strength of the pavement was evaluated. Previous studies state that polypropylene emits 60ppm less pollution than bitumen while burning. The used cement waste bag when mixed with bitumen improves the behaviour and mechanical properties as per standard specification. In this experimental work, cement bags are shredded into smaller fragments and heated to 90ºC for 30 minutes in a heating mantle till the plastic pieces turned into powder form. On heating, 5 gm of powder was obtained from 20 gm of the used cement bags. This powder was added subsequently to bitumen in 5%, 7%, 9% & 11% for partial replacement of bitumen. Finally, it is inferred that the optimum percentagewas 8.2% without the addition of binders or oxidizing agents, for better efficiency.
7
Rathnayake, P., D. Soorige, S. D. I. A. Amarasinghe, and P. Dissanayake. "EXPLORING GREEN FEATURES THAT MAKE BUILDING MATERIALS GREEN." In Beyond sustainability reflections across spaces. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2021.15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The construction industry plays a significant role in the economic growth of a country. Nevertheless, the construction industry has created severe adverse environmental impacts. Therefore, green building technologies are implemented to alleviate the adverse effects of the construction industry. Using green materials instead of conventional building materials with high environmental impacts has been identified as one such implementation. However, there seems to be much confusion in defining green building materials. Hence, it is vital to explore the features of green building materials. Therefore, this article investigates green features that qualify the building materials as green building materials. A qualitative research approach was selected as the research methodology, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven green building experts. The data was analysed using content analysis. Findings revealed that recycled content, local availability of materials, embodied energy of materials, use of rapidly renewable material, usage of waste material for the production process, material wastage content in the production process and pollution prevention in the production process are the green features. The study results guide the identification of green building materials that can replace the materials with poor environmental sustainability.
8
Ochie, Samuel, and Karen Ochie. "Design and Construction of an Air Quality Monitoring System to Mitigate Virus Spread." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208263-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Air pollution is one of the most dangerous problems we face in the world today. It causes many illnesses and diseases that affect the immune system of humans and non-human animals and is also a means of propagating the novel COVID-19 or corona virus. Temperature, humidity, and the level of carbon dioxide characterize the air quality in an environment. In addition to abnormal temperatures and humidity causing direct problems to humans like headaches, heatstroke, hypothermia and hyperthermia, death and so on, it could also cause complicated problems like the acceleration of the growth and lifespan of harmful viruses like the corona virus especially in closed spaces like on a drilling rig or a processing facility. Multiple studies show that the influenza virus, coronavirus, and many others spread from host to host faster in areas with low humidity and high temperatures and upon infection, mortality rate is higher in low humidity regions. Inhalation of toxic levels of carbon dioxide has adverse effects ranging from drowsiness to coma and even death. Despite safety measures put in place in offshore facilities, there are still cases of corona virus outbreaks, hence this study aims to combat the facilitated spread of viruses and enhancement of good air quality via the design and construction of a device that measures the temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide levels, using a DHT11 and MQ135 sensor. The temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide levels of the living area, bedroom, kitchen, and balcony in a facility was captured by the device to determine the quality of air and characterized. The values were then compared with the expected values from a trusted website to determine the accuracy of the device. The device showed a 99.8% accuracy and passed quality check making it a recommendation to enhance air quality in facilities, houses, or offices.
9
Mudronja, Gorana, Dea Aksentijević, and Alen Jugović. "An overview of innovations and technology for sustainable development of seaports." In Maritime Transport Conference. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Iniciativa Digital Politècnica, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/mt.10928.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Seaports are important factors in global economies since most of the global trade is operated through maritime sector. Economic importance of seaports can be observed from various positive effects they produce for the area where they are located. At the same time, seaport activities create negative effects on the environment such as marine, air and soil pollution, waste production and noise generation that affect the health and quality of life of people. This paper analyses the possibility of achieving sustainable development of seaports through the development and implementation of innovations. The implementation of innovations in seaports affect the success of their operations, reduces business costs and creates conditions for maintaining a competitive position on the market; thereby affecting the economy as a whole. Moreover, innovations reduce negative effects on the environment thus affecting the ecological aspect and improve the quality of life of citizens, thus affecting the social aspect. The results of the research indicate that innovations in the maritime sector are mostly focused on the existing markets and include a discounted process of small improvements in the areas of vessel design and construction, fuel technology and port infrastructure. However, the development possibilities of seaports can also include innovations that are more focused on information and communication technologies (ICT). Innovations can address economic, social and environmental concerns and can give alternative guidelines for achieving sustainable development of seaports.
10
Wysocka, Małgorzata E., and Katarzyna Zabielska-Adamska. "Impact of Protective Barriers on Groundwater Quality." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.063.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The storage yard’s leak-proof protection should be achieved by means of independent protective barriers in the form of geological barriers, artificial sealing layers, mineral soil liners and covers, as well as sidewall sealing. Some years ago, construction and exploitation of landfill sites in Poland took place without any guidelines and legal regulations. Landfills, especially situated in rural areas, were quite often constructed directly on the grounds, e.g. in former aggregate excavations, without any protection. Examples of the municipal landfills, located in the sites of adverse geological conditions were presented in this paper. The effect of existence or absence of geological barriers on the groundwater quality was carried out. In tested landfills, higher concentrations of groundwater pollution indicators were found in landfill monitoring wells located on the outlet of these waters, in comparison to the landfill monitoring wells located on their supply. In the case of the landfills situated directly on the soils of high hydraulic conductivity, the indicators of negative influence of deposited landfills increased even after the closing of the landfill sites. Subsurface water-bearing layer is a kind of “indicator” giving information about the harmful effect of landfills on the environment, and the need to take remedial actions.
Звіти організацій з теми "Constructions – Effets de la pollution"
1
Belkin, Shimshon, Sylvia Daunert, and Mona Wells. Whole-Cell Biosensor Panel for Agricultural Endocrine Disruptors. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696542.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objectives: The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Background: Chemical agents, such as pesticides applied at inappropriate levels, may compromise water quality or contaminate soils and hence threaten human populations. In recent years, two classes of compounds have been increasingly implicated as emerging risks in agriculturally-related pollution: endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals. The latter group may reach the environment by the use of wastewater effluents, whereas many pesticides have been implicated as EDCs. Both groups pose a threat in proportion to their bioavailability, since that which is biounavailable or can be rendered so is a priori not a threat; bioavailability, in turn, is mediated by complex matrices such as soils. Genetically engineered biosensor bacteria hold great promise for sensing bioavailability because the sensor is a live soil- and water-compatible organism with biological response dynamics, and because its response can be genetically “tailored” to report on general toxicity, on bioavailability, and on the presence of specific classes of toxicants. In the present project we have developed a bacterial-based sensor panel incorporating multiple strains of genetically engineered biosensors for the purpose of detecting different types of biological effects. The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Major achievements: (a) construction of innovative bacterial sensor strains for accurate and sensitive detection of agriculturally-relevant pollutants, with a focus on endocrine disrupting compounds (UK and HUJ) and antibiotics (HUJ); (b) optimization of methods for long-term preservation of the reporter bacteria, either by direct deposition on solid surfaces (HUJ) or by the construction of spore-forming Bacillus-based sensors (UK); (c) partial development of a computerized algorithm for the analysis of sensor panel responses. Implications: The sensor panel developed in the course of the project was shown to be applicable for the detection of a broad range of antibiotics and EDCs. Following a suitable development phase, the panel will be ready for testing in an agricultural environment, as an innovative tool for assessing the environmental impacts of EDCs and pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, while the current study relates directly to issues of water quality and soil health, its implications are much broader, with potential uses is risk-based assessment related to the clinical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries as well as to homeland security.