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Статті в журналах з теми "Concern refinement"
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Blum, Thorsten B., Dominique Housset, Max T. B. Clabbers, Eric van Genderen, Maria Bacia-Verloop, Ulrich Zander, Andrew A. McCarthy, Guy Schoehn, Wai Li Ling, and Jan Pieter Abrahams. "Statistically correcting dynamical electron scattering improves the refinement of protein nanocrystals, including charge refinement of coordinated metals." Acta Crystallographica Section D Structural Biology 77, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2059798320014540.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Electron diffraction allows protein structure determination when only nanosized crystals are available. Nevertheless, multiple elastic (or dynamical) scattering, which is prominent in electron diffraction, is a concern. Current methods for modeling dynamical scattering by multi-slice or Bloch wave approaches are not suitable for protein crystals because they are not designed to cope with large molecules. Here, dynamical scattering of nanocrystals of insulin, thermolysin and thaumatin was limited by collecting data from thin crystals. To accurately measure the weak diffraction signal from the few unit cells in the thin crystals, a low-noise hybrid pixel Timepix electron-counting detector was used. The remaining dynamical component was further reduced in refinement using a likelihood-based correction, which was introduced previously for analyzing electron diffraction data of small-molecule nanocrystals and was adapted here for protein crystals. The procedure is shown to notably improve the structural refinement, in one case allowing the location of solvent molecules. It also allowed refinement of the charge states of bound metal atoms, an important element in protein function, through B-factor analysis of the metal atoms and their ligands. These results clearly increase the value of macromolecular electron crystallography as a complementary structural biology technique.
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Herbst-Irmer, Regine. "Experimental charge density studies: Discard valid data and overfit?" Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314097174.
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In experimental charge density investigation it is indispensable to use the highest possible quality of data. Therefore the multiplicity should be as high as possible, but poor data should be omitted. To decide about resolution limit and discarding outlier data often limits for Rint or I/σ(I) are used. A better approach is the `paired refinement method' [1] comparing two data sets by the fit of the models derived by the same refinement protocol to both data sets. For macromolecular data sets it could be shown that a higher resolution should be used than normally derived from the above mentioned criteria. First results for charge density data seem to show the same tendency but of course on a different level. The paired refinement strategy can also be used to investigate the influence of different scaling methods. In a recent version of SADABS [2] a new error model and a 3λ correction is implemented. With the paired refinement strategy the improvement in data quality gets obvious. A further concern in charge density investigation is the question of overfitting. In macromolecular refinement this is answered by the Rfree concept [3]. Here a refinement protocol is developed by refining against a work set of reflections, e.g. 90 % of the data. The remaining reflections are untouched in the whole refinement process but an Rfree value is calculated using only this test set of reflections. An overfitting can clearly be identified by a decrease in Rwork but an increase in Rfree. This refinement protocol is then used for a final refinement against all data. It will be discussed how this method could support charge density studies.
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Priestle, John P. "Improved dihedral-angle restraints for protein structure refinement." Journal of Applied Crystallography 36, no. 1 (January 21, 2003): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889802018265.
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Because of the relatively low-resolution diffraction of typical protein crystals, structure refinement is usually carried out employing stereochemical restraints to increase the effective number of observations. Well defined values for bond lengths and angles are available from small-molecule crystal structures. Such values do not exist for dihedral angles because of the concern that the strong crystal contacts in small-molecule crystal structures could distort the dihedral angles. This paper examines the dihedral-angle distributions in ultra-high-resolution protein structures (1.2 Å or better) as a means of analysing the population frequencies of dihedral angles in proteins and compares these with the stereochemical restraints currently used in one of the more widely used molecular-dynamics refinement packages,X-PLOR, and its successor,CNS. Discrepancies between the restraints used in these programs and what is actually seen in high-resolution protein structures are examined and an improved set of dihedral-angle restraint parameters are derived from these inspections.
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Wolny, Janusz, Ireneusz Buganski, Pawel Kuczera, and Radoslaw Strzalka. "Pushing the limits of crystallography." Journal of Applied Crystallography 49, no. 6 (November 18, 2016): 2106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160057671601637x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A very serious concern of scientists dealing with crystal structure refinement, including theoretical research, pertains to the characteristic bias in calculatedversusmeasured diffraction intensities, observed particularly in the weak reflection regime. This bias is here attributed to corrective factors for phonons and, even more distinctly, phasons, and credible proof supporting this assumption is given. The lack of a consistent theory of phasons in quasicrystals significantly contributes to this characteristic bias. It is shown that the most commonly used exponential Debye–Waller factor for phasons fails in the case of quasicrystals, and a novel method of calculating the correction factor within a statistical approach is proposed. The results obtained for model quasiperiodic systems show that phasonic perturbations can be successfully described and refinement fits of high quality are achievable. The standard Debye–Waller factor for phonons works equally well for periodic and quasiperiodic crystals, and it is only in the last steps of a refinement that different correction functions need to be applied to improve the fit quality.
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Geldreich, Edwin. "Control of Microorganisms of Public Health Concern in Water." Journal of the IEST 29, no. 2 (March 1, 1986): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.1.29.2.8273n444t436513k.
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The concept of microbial barriers in water supply and wastewater treatment involves a variety of processes other than disinfection. Many of these treatment processes have evolved from the enhancement of some factors associated with natural self-purification (sedimentation, aeration, nutrient limitations, water pH, etc.). Utilizing the multiple barrier concept in treatment of wastes before discharge to receiving waters and the further refinement possible by natural self-purification processes in the stream are beneficial in optimizing the quality of this raw water resource prior to further processing into drinking water supplies. A flow diagram based on typical percent removals in various treatment processes illustrates how water contaminated with fecal wastes can be improved in quality to protect downstream users from microbial hazards.
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Downes, Stephen. "Szymanowski and Narcissism." Journal of the Royal Musical Association 121, no. 1 (1996): 58–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrma/121.1.58.
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The ‘cultivation of the self’, which Carl E. Schorske has identified as a characteristic of the Viennese bourgeoisie, establishes a ‘link between a devotion to art and a concern with the psyche’. Such a life ‘appropriated the aesthetic, sensuous sensibility’ leading to ‘narcissism and a hypertrophy of the life of feeling’. Szymanowski, who was for many years fascinated by Viennese culture, reflects many of these characteristics. He was, furthermore, greatly influenced by the work of Pater and Wilde, central figures in the English ‘decadent’ scene which, in Arthur Symons's words, was marked by ‘an intense self-consciousness, a restless curiosity in research, an over-subtilizing refinement upon refinement, a spiritual and moral perversity’. It is unsurprising, therefore, to find narcissism appearing as a prominent theme in many of Szymanowski's works.
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Golding-Wood, David G. "Temporal bone dissection for display." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 108, no. 1 (January 1994): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100125691.
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Increasing concern with medicolegal issues has heightened the need for surgical simulation in training. Familiarity with the surgical anatomy of the temporal bone is essential for effective and safe otological surgery. Refinement of surgical technique and intimate knowledge of temporal bone anatomy can be gained by accurate dissection. The products of such endeavours are both illustrative and instructive. The issues, methods and techniques necessary for display of anatomical dissections are discussed.
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Xuezhi, Zhang, and Zhang Li-wen. "On the “Ultimate Concern” in Song-Ming Study of Principle." Yearbook for Eastern and Western Philosophy 2020, no. 5 (August 1, 2020): 77–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/yewph-2023-0005.
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Abstract Albeit their variated manifestations, a distinct humanistic spirit that is also characteristic of Chinese philosophy as a whole is found among the thoughts of the masters of Song-Ming Study of Principle. They advocated the pursuit of transcendence through concrete cultivation which generates refined faith, sincerity, courage and an enjoyable state-of-attainment. These contributions played a decisive part in the refinement of Confucian thought regarding theories of transcendence, for developments in the theory of spiritual effort in pursuit of transcendence during this period are unique both with respect to China and abroad. This essay explores this uniqueness, through which we can enrich our understanding of Song-Ming Study of Principle as a tradition, and further appreciate the transcendental dimension from the perspective of social practice. Exemplifications of a quest for self-transcendence, including self-cultivation and the concern for ultimate values are rooted in everyday life and carried out in concrete social practice.
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Balls, Michael, and Michelle Hudson. "Comments on UK Options for Transposition of European Directive 2010/63/EU." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 40, no. 2 (May 2012): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119291204000210.
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The British Government's proposals for the transposition of European Directive 2010/63/EU are discussed under five main headings: direct transposition without major effects on the UK legislation, introduction of stricter requirements in the Directive, retention of stricter controls in the Animals [Scientific Procedures] Act 1986, questions requiring further consideration, and matters of concern. The Home Office had published a consultation on the options in 2011, which resulted in 98 responses from organisations and 13,458 responses from individuals. Our main concerns relate to the use of non-human primates, the annual publication of the UK statistics on laboratory animal use, and the provision of greater transparency on how animals are used, and why. Finally, we conclude that the new Directive and its transposition into the national laws of the Member states provide a renewed opportunity for genuine commitment to the Three Rs, leading to progressive and significant Reduction, Refinement and Replacement.
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Mrotz, Victoria J., Kaitlyn M. Nestor, Taronna R. Maines, Nathaniel Powell, and Jessica A. Belser. "Effects of Buprenorphine Treatment on Influenza Pathogenesis in the Ferret (Mustela putorius furo)." Comparative Medicine 72, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30802/aalas-cm-21-000087.
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Ferrets are the gold-standard model for influenza A virus (IAV) research due to their natural susceptibility to human and zoonotic IAV, comparable respiratory anatomy and physiology to humans, and development of clinical signs similar to those seen in infected people. Because the presence and progression of clinical signs can be useful in infectious disease research, uncertainty in how analgesics alter research outcomes or compromise characteristics of disease progression have outweighed the concern regarding animal discomfort from these symptoms. Nonetheless, the principles of animal research require consideration of refinements for this important model for IAV research. Opioids offer a possible refinement option that would not directly affect the inflammatory cascade involved in IAV infection. Mirroring pathogenicity studies that use ferrets, 12 ferrets were inoculated intranasally with the A(H3N2) IAV A/Panama/2007/1999 and divided into 3 treatment groups ( n = 4 each), of which 2 groups received buprenorphine treatments on different schedules and the third received a saline control. The duration and location of viral replication, lymphohematopoietic changes, and clinical signs were comparable across all groups at all time points. High quantities of infectious virus in nasal wash specimens were detected in ferrets from all groups through day 5 after inoculation, and peak viral titers from the upper respiratory tract did not differ between ferrets receiving buprenorphine treatments on either schedule. Compared with the saline group, ferrets receiving buprenorphine exhibited transient weight loss and pyrexia, but all groups ultimately achieved similar peaks in both of these measurements. Collectively, these findings support the continued evaluation of buprenorphine as a refinement for IAV-challenged ferrets.
Дисертації з теми "Concern refinement"
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Choudhry, Abdus. "Elucidating higher echelon concepts through refinement of fundamentals /." Connect to Online Resource-OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1165858935.
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Thesis (M.E.S.)--University of Toledo, 2006.Typescript. Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Master of Science and Education in Education and Chemistry." Bibliography: leaves 96-99.
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Wright, Christopher Paul. "Software architectures for visual concept refinement in digital mapping." Thesis, University of Hull, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318373.
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Zuniga, Chanto Fernando. "Alternative Strategies for the Refinement of Bassoon Technique Through the Concert Etudes, Op. 26, by Ludwig Milde." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145124.
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This document demonstrates that study and performance of newly-composed versions of four etudes from Ludwig Milde's Concert Etudes, Op. 26 (publ. post. 1935) can prepare advanced bassoon students for performance of not only the etudes themselves (which includes advanced techniques such as rapid single tonguing, double tonguing, difficult slurring, tapering, an execution of complicated scales and arpeggios in the context of a musical passage, half-hole, vibrato, flicking, and control of long notes in extreme registers), but also can be used to address both performing and technical issues not covered in Milde's study, such as the problems posed by ensemble playing, tone-color, and rhythm.The project analyzes a selection of four etudes from the Concert Etudes, Op. 26 in terms of harmony and form, explores the technical difficulties found in each one of them and their possible approaches, and provides arrangements for two bassoons, bassoon and piano, and bassoon quartet, giving the student a new palette of options for the study of the Concert Etudes, Op. 26 and new devices for the improvement of various techniques.
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Palacios, Medinacelli Luis. "Knowledge Discovery for Avionics Maintenance : An Unsupervised Concept Learning Approach." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS130/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous étudions le problème de l’analyse de signatures de pannes dans le domaine de la maintenance avionique, afin d’identifier les défaillances au sein d’équipements en panne et suggérer des actions correctives permettant de les réparer. La thèse a été réalisée dans le cadre d’une convention CIFRE entre Thales Research & Technology et l’Université Paris-Sud. Les motivations sont donc à la fois théoriques et industrielles. Une signature de panne devrait fournir toutes les informations nécessaires pour identifier, comprendre et réparer la panne. Pour comprendre le mécanisme la panne son identification doit donc être explicable. Nous proposons une approche à base d’ontologies pour modéliser le domaine d’étude, permettant une interprétation automatisée des tests techniques réalisés afin d’identifier les pannes et obtenir les actions correctives associées. Il s’agit d’une approche d’apprentissage de concepts permettant de découvrir des concepts représentant les signatures de pannes tout en fournissant des explications sur les choix de propositions de réparations. Comme les signatures ne sont pas connues a priori, un algorithme d’apprentissage automatique non supervisé approxime les définitions des concepts. Les signatures apprises sont fournies sous forme de définitions de la logique de description (DL) et ces définitions servent d’explications. Contrairement aux techniques courantes d’apprentissage de concepts conçues pour faire de l’apprentissage supervisé ou basées sur l’analyse de patterns fréquents au sein de gros volumes de données, l’approche proposée adopte une perspective différente. Elle repose sur une construction bottom-up de l’ontologie. Le processus d’apprentissage est réalisé via un opérateur de raffinement appliqué sur l’espace des expressions de concepts et le processus est guidé par les données, c’est-à-dire les individus de l’ontologie. Ainsi, les notions de justifications, de concepts plus spécifiques et de raffinement de concepts ont été révisées et adaptées pour correspondre à nos besoins. L’approche a ensuite été appliquée au problème de la maintenance avionique. Un prototype a été implémenté et mis en œuvre au sein de Thales Avionics à titre de preuve de conceptIn this thesis we explore the problem of signature analysis in avionics maintenance, to identify failures in faulty equipment and suggest corrective actions to resolve the failure. The thesis takes place in the context of a CIFRE convention between Thales R&T and the Université Paris-Sud, thus it has both a theoretical and an industrial motivation. The signature of a failure provides all the information necessary to understand, identify and ultimately repair a failure. Thus when identifying the signature of a failure it is important to make it explainable. We propose an ontology based approach to model the domain, that provides a level of automatic interpretation of the highly technical tests performed in the equipment. Once the tests can be interpreted, corrective actions are associated to them. The approach is rooted on concept learning, used to approximate description logic concepts that represent the failure signatures. Since these signatures are not known in advance, we require an unsupervised learning algorithm to compute the approximations. In our approach the learned signatures are provided as description logics (DL) definitions which in turn are associated to a minimal set of axioms in the A-Box. These serve as explanations for the discovered signatures. Thus providing a glass-box approach to trace the reasons on how and why a signature was obtained. Current concept learning techniques are either designed for supervised learning problems, or rely on frequent patterns and large amounts of data. We use a different perspective, and rely on a bottom-up construction of the ontology. Similarly to other approaches, the learning process is achieved through a refinement operator that traverses the space of concept expressions, but an important difference is that in our algorithms this search is guided by the information of the individuals in the ontology. To this end the notions of justifications in ontologies, most specific concepts and concept refinements, are revised and adapted to our needs. The approach is then adapted to the specific avionics maintenance case in Thales Avionics, where a prototype has been implemented to test and evaluate the approach as a proof of concept
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Chemboli, Srinivas. "Omnispective analysis and reasoning: an epistemic approach to scientific workflows." Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/10556.
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This thesis presents the conceptualization, formulation, development and demonstration of Omnispective Analysis and Reasoning (OAR), an epistemic framework for managing intellectual concerns in scientific workflows. Although scientific workflows are extensively used to support the management of experimental and computational research, intellectual concerns are not adequately handled in current practice owing to the focus on low-level implementation details, limited context support, issues in developing shared semantics across disciplines and lack of support for verification and validation of the underlying science of the workflow. The management of intellectual concerns in scientific workflows can be improved by developing a framework for providing a layer of abstraction to lift focus from low-level implementation details, adding context as a workflow parameter, introducing localized ontologies and abstracting and mapping intellectual concerns in the research-domain to workflow specification and execution semantics. Following an examination of typical definitions of scientific workflow offered in literature, the Scientific Method is applied to develop an enhanced definition of a scientific workflow. This definition, which extends the scope of ordered analysis and investigation to a generic problem scenario, is utilized in the OAR framework. The design of OAR is modular like the Domain of Science Model (DoSM). The structure and working of OAR incorporate the evolving nature of science, hierarchy of conceptualization, omnispection, and the logical processes of analysis, reasoning and abstraction. These form the Foundation and Theory of OAR. Abstracting concerns in terms of unit knowledge entities (ukes) and groups of ukes (recipes), use of context to identify relation between recipes, the management of recipes in shelves, and the processes of concern refinement and context refinement constitute the Methodology.
A comprehensive and simple example of the application of OAR to the abstraction, analysis, formulation and orchestration of a scientific workflow at different levels of granularity is provided by applying it to the problem of origami paper folding. The use of OAR in capturing the rationale of design decisions and mapping them to desired outcomes is demonstrated by applying OAR for contextualizing course design. Another example illustrates the use of OAR in the analysis, understanding and management of complex systems. Localized ontologies enable the exposure of side-effects and emergent behavior in large-scale systems due to the choice of any particular solution specification. These examples constitute a first step in building the Applications block of OAR. While OAR may be manually applied even to large-scale problems, it is expedient to avail of tool support. Soma - a simple and illustrative tool prototype is developed to indicate directions for a reference tool implementation.
The thesis concludes with a consideration of ideas for future work. The contribution in this thesis corresponds to an instance of the DoSM for scientific workflow management. The OAR framework has great potential for further development as a well-formed Science of Workflows.
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Liu, Puan-yuan, and 劉寶元. "From the change of mental models refinement to explore the learning process of circulatory system concept of seventh grade students." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64076597501577036199.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立高雄師範大學
科學教育研究所
92
The main purpose of this study was to explore the mental model styles and the changing process of model refinement of human circulatory system. This research developed a test tool of circulatory system concept to examine the seventh grade students who had never learned this concept, and then selected three students in each level, including high, medium, and low grades, to interview. This research adapted drawing interview approach, and used drawing tests and drawing interviews about situation questions to probe students’ mental models and model refinement during problem solving. The following are the result of the research: 1. The more complicated concept was, the worse students’ achievement was. Because of the misconceptions and the unentirement of concept in each structure, the students formed the mental models with misconcept and unentire-componented mental models when they were trying to solve the problems. 2.The six types of human circulatory system were: ME-radiate model, N-non-model, MO-open single loop model, MC-close single loop model, MD-divided double loop model, MI-interactive double loop model. The entirement of model component was MI> MD> MC> MO> N > ME. Beside MI, the other models included misconceptions. 3.The students formed initial models before their learning. The entirement of these models was : high grades＞medium grades＞low grades. The initial models were modeled, and the degree of achieving scientific models was : high grades＞medium grades＞low grades. Mental models and concept had relation but not direct relation. 4.Model refinement was a gradual process and it appeared the ” model rejection” the most in the modeling. It stood that students have to abandon their initial models or intermediate models to achieve scientific models in the modeling. The students in each group didn’t have consentaneous modes of model refinement and process, but the students with the same initial models had consentaneous modes of model refinement and process. 5.The students with the same models had consensus in addition and changing of concept in these refinement modes of model formation, model reinforcement, model revision, and model rejection, whatever they were in high grade or low grade. 6.To provide the tool that could produce image and structure analogy was more useful for mental model refinement. From the result of empirical research, it had proved the practicability of model-based instruction theory and provided a new scientific instruction strategy to improve abstract conception learning.
Книги з теми "Concern refinement"
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Eichberger, Jürgen. Refinements of the Nash equilibrium concept. Parkville, Vic: Dept. ofEconomics, University of Melbourne, 1991.
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Damme, E. van. Refinements of the Nash Equilibrium Concept. Springer London, Limited, 2012.
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Martin, Finbarr. Service models. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689644.003.0004.
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Key points• There is increasing concern about quality of care received by older people in our health services.• Real progress over recent decades in overcoming ignorance and ageism is at risk if these services cannot become age-attuned.• Today’s older people are older, more numerous, and present complex challenges of multimorbidity and frailty.• Traditional divisions of staff and skills between primary and secondary care, and between clinical specialties, are an obstacle to meeting the challenge.• Promising innovative new models of care are emerging and will need refinement through research and experience.• Skills and attitudes needed to recognize and manage the geriatric syndromes must be mainstreamed through education, training, and dissemination of good practice.• Specialists in old-age medicine and mental health cannot do it all, but must champion this transformation.
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Koslicki, Kathrin. Artifacts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823803.003.0009.
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This chapter continues the examination of the special features of artifacts by discussing their place within existing essentialist and anti-essentialist frameworks. It will be argued that prominent essentialist treatments of artifacts, such as those proposed by Amie Thomasson, Simon Evnine, and Lynne Rudder Baker, are susceptible to the concern that they exaggerate the creative and discriminating power of human intentions. Existing anti-essentialist frameworks, however, tend to trace the ascriptions of modal features to objects back to our semantic, inferential, or explanatory practices and are therefore also not particularly well suited to capture the primarily practical and action-based orientation of our engagement with the realm of artifacts. For the time being, the special case of artifacts eludes an entirely satisfactory treatment and must await the further development and refinement of suitable essentialist and anti-essentialist frameworks before the status of artifacts within a hylomorphic ontology can be fully resolved.
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Spears, Russell. Deindividuation. Edited by Stephen G. Harkins, Kipling D. Williams, and Jerry Burger. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199859870.013.25.
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Deindividuation is among the classic phenomena researched by the early pioneers of social psychology. Building on the theorizing of LeBon (1895/1985), deindividuation provided an explanation for aggression in the crowd, a concern as relevant today as it was in the previous two centuries. The theory predicts that behavior becomes more antinormative and aggressive under conditions of anonymity, associated with group immersion, and that this occurs because of reduced self-awareness and deregulated behavior. However, close scrutiny of the deindividuation literature provides scant evidence for the deindividuation process. Revisiting the primary literature reveals at best mixed support for the original claims and many contradictions, often belied by accounts in secondary sources and textbooks. Reformulation and refinement of the theory has not helped. I present a reinterpretation, in terms of social influence by group norms, in line with social identity principles, supported by experimental evidence and a meta-analysis of the original deindividuation literature.
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Janssen, Ted, Gervais Chapuis, and Marc de Boissieu. Structure. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824442.003.0004.
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This chapter discusses the X-ray and neutron diffraction methods used to study the atomic structures of aperiodic crystals, addressing indexing diffraction patterns, superspace, ab initio methods, the structure factor of incommensurate structures; and diffuse scattering. The structure solution methods based on the dual space refinements are described, as they are very often applied for the resolution of aperiodic crystal structures. Modulation functions which are used for the refinement of modulated structures and composite structures are presented and illustrated with examples of structure models covering a large spectrum of structures from organic to inorganic compounds, including metals, alloys, and minerals. For a better understanding of the concept of quasicrystalline structures, one-dimensional structure examples are presented first. Further examples of quasicrystals, including decagonal quasicrystals and icosahedral quasicrystals, are analysed in terms of increasing shells of a selected number of polyhedra. The notion of the approximant is compared with classical forms of structures.
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Roca-Royes, Sònia. Rethinking the Epistemology of Modality for Abstracta. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792161.003.0012.
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This chapter is an exploration of the sort of epistemology available to explain our de re modal knowledge about abstract entities. The thesis suggested—in a first approximation to the issue—is somewhat provocative: as modal epistemologists, we don’t have much work to do; instead, the work is down to ontologists. The chapter first motivates the thesis by relying on a conception of abstract objects that makes the thesis a rather plausible one. The chapter then goes on to consider some potential concerns and it concludes that, while their treatment imposes some refinements and qualifications, the thesis stands as it is.
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Osawa, Yoshimi. “We Can Taste but Others Cannot”. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190240400.003.0007.
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This chapter addresses the concept of umami—the fifth “savory” taste recently recognized alongside sweet, sour, salty, and bitter—as a symbol of Japanese culinary, and thus cultural, distinctiveness. It studies earlier usages of said term and its more recent promotion as a key element of Japan's culinary brand in state-sponsored pavilions at international food exhibitions and trade shows. The chapter also reveals the popular, nationalistic belief that the Japanese have a superior ability to discern this taste and contextualizes this belief in a larger discourse of national chauvinism that claims, among other things, that the Japanese sensitivity to aesthetic refinement exceeds that of other nations.
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Benedict, Barbara M. ‘Male’ and ‘Female’ Novels? Gendered Fictions and the Reading Public, 1770–1832. Edited by Alan Downie. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199566747.013.015.
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The fiction from 1770 to 1830 shows the strains of a society that increasingly identified cultural consumption with gender. Whereas the sentimental novels of the 1770s used epistolary narrators to relate stories of love and feeling from the perspective of both men and women, by the 1790s the new, Gothic novels were centred on women besieged by tyranny from without and uncertainty from within. This genre fiction contributed to the derogation of the novel and its association with an undiscriminating female audience. Throughout the period, women were held up as the quintessential novel-readers because more women were visibly writing and reading novels than ever before, and because the popular marriage plot, female hero, thematic focus on etiquette, and emphasis on delicacy and refinement all seemed to speak to feminine concerns. In fact, most novel-writers and novel-readers were men because men wrote and read more than women.
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Chesters, Timothy. The Lingering of the Literal in Some Poems of Emily Dickinson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794776.003.0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dickinson is known for her adventurous metaphors (‘Risk is the hair that holds the tun’, ‘Hope is the thing with feathers’), but also—and one might think paradoxically—for her attachment to the literal, to the thing that remains stubbornly itself (in this refusal of transcendence critics sometimes contrast her with Emerson, for whom the whole world is ‘emblematic’). This chapter seeks to account for this apparent paradox from the perspective of relevance theory’s so-called ‘deflationary’ account of metaphors. That account is briefly introduced, along with Robyn Carston’s recent refinement of it, according to which under certain circumstances the literal or encyclopaedic component used to produce an ad hoc concept ‘lingers’ beyond its interpretive resolution. A close reading of four Dickinson poems reveals them to be rich in ‘the lingering of the literal’, though in each case the literal vestige takes a different—and sometimes surprising—form.
Частини книг з теми "Concern refinement"
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Morgan, Carroll. "Procedures, Parameters, and Abstraction: Separate Concerns." In On the Refinement Calculus, 47–58. London: Springer London, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3273-8_3.
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Mulvihill, Christine, Nicholas Stevens, and Guy Walker. "Design Concept Refinement." In Integrating Human Factors Methods and Systems Thinking for Transport Analysis and Design, 147–69. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2017. | Series: Human factors of simulation and assessment: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315589022-8.
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Völzer, Hagen. "Refinement-Robust Fairness." In CONCUR 2002 — Concurrency Theory, 547–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45694-5_36.
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Alur, Rajeev, Thomas A. Henzinger, Orna Kupferman, and Moshe Y. Vardi. "Alternating refinement relations." In CONCUR'98 Concurrency Theory, 163–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0055622.
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Mauw, S., and M. A. Reniers. "Refinement in Interworkings." In CONCUR '96: Concurrency Theory, 671–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61604-7_83.
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Back, R. J. R., and J. Wright. "Trace Refinement of Action Systems." In CONCUR '94: Concurrency Theory, 367–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48654-1_28.
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Butler, Michael J. "Refinement and decomposition of value-passing action systems." In CONCUR'93, 217–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-57208-2_16.
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Čerāns, Kārlis. "CTR: A calculus of timed refinement." In CONCUR '95: Concurrency Theory, 516–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60218-6_39.
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de Alfaro, Luca, and Pritam Roy. "Solving Games Via Three-Valued Abstraction Refinement." In CONCUR 2007 – Concurrency Theory, 74–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74407-8_6.
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Koyama, Motomichi, Hiroshi Noguchi, and Kaneaki Tsuzaki. "Microstructural Crack Tip Plasticity Controlling Small Fatigue Crack Growth." In The Plaston Concept, 213–34. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7715-1_10.
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AbstractIn this chapter, we present a metallurgical–mechanical mechanism-based strategy for the design of fatigue-resistant metals. Specifically, we elucidate the importance of the metallurgical microstructure in a mechanical singular field (crack tip). The fatigue crack growth resistance is controlled through the crack tip “plasticity”, and the effect of the associated microstructure becomes significant when the crack is “small (or short)”. More importantly, the resistance to small crack growth determines a major portion of fatigue life and strength. Therefore, the microstructural crack tip plasticity is a key breakthrough to the development of fatigue-resistant metals. As successful examples of this concept, we introduce the effects of grain refinement, martensitic transformation, strain aging, dislocation planarity enhancement, and microstructure heterogeneity on small fatigue crack growths.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Concern refinement"
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Yie, Andres, Rubby Casallas, Dirk Deridder, and Ragnhild Van Der Straeten. "Multi-step concern refinement." In the 2008 AOSD workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1404946.1404947.
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Sapanaro, Michael, Suhash Ghosh, and Chittaranjan Sahay. "Motorcycle Swing Arm Development and Refinement Using Response Optimization." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51670.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this project is to develop a motorcycle rear swing arm using finite element analysis and response optimization. This paper aims to discuss the specific features, benefits, and precautions when using design optimization to develop a specific project. Design Optimization has been an evolving process for many years. The latest versions of finite element software allow users to develop, analyze, and optimize structural designs within one program quickly and efficiently. A single shock absorber mounted close to the chassis and centrally located was the design selected to be analyzed. The design was selected for use in a variety of motorcycle types. This project consisted of a unique set of design attributes that were ideal to exemplify design optimization techniques. Static structural models were created to refine the design before using response optimization. These models finalized the material selection and initial sizes. A central composite design type was generated with selected boundary conditions for four parametric dimensions of the model. The ideal design of this component would include the resulting stress below a safe allowable value, minimal deflection, and the least amount of weight. It is evident that these three parameters will oppose one another as geometry is changed. Conceptually, an ideal candidate can be created that is a balance of the three parameters. Using the parameters of the selected candidate, a new model was generated for analysis. The final model was further refined by removing unnecessary material that was identified in the structural models. The first step in a thorough optimization is generating an appropriate amount of design parameter values that are an acceptable representation of all the possible outcomes, or design of experiments (DOE). The DOE tool used to generate the parameters in this project was central composite design (CCD), since it is the most appropriate for second order response models [1]. The second order relationship was confirmed using a trade-off plot. The two level, four input parameter DOE produces twenty five potential candidates that were refined using response surface. The response surface method used in this design process [2,3] to make judgement calls on the final design is examined during this development, and proves useful. Initial static structural models are created and used to set up the model for optimization. Material selection was also accomplished in this phase of development. This process aides in the overall design process by identifying areas of concern as well as the range of parameters that will be analyzed. Multiple acceptable candidates were selected through the use of the optimization tools and a final candidate was selected based on the output of the design attributes and the values of the corresponding parametric geometry. The final selection was also made with the consideration for cost, ease of fabrication, and standardization.
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Taylor, Amanda, and Joseph Pellettiere. "Fatal Rotorcraft Accidents for a Ten-Year Period." In Vertical Flight Society 78th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0078-2022-17500.
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The Federal Aviation Administration implemented regulations and guidance material to protect occupants in the event of a rotorcraft crash. These rules apply to all newly developed rotorcraft. There has been a recent push to develop similar standards for the existing fleet and for the newly constructed rotorcraft. Two major areas of concern are injuries and fatalities resulting from either blunt force trauma or post-crash fire. To understand the effects of these two factors on survivability outcomes, the National Transportation Safety Board accident database was queried for rotorcraft accidents from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2018. During this period, a total of 1489 accidents occurred, and after refinement, 187 listed fatal. Of the fatalities, blunt force trauma was by far the greatest cause. Though thermal injuries resulted in fewer fatalities, post-crash fires were still a frequent occurrence and protective measures should be put in place for both.
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Jensen, Ben J., Charlton F. Campbell, and Nicholas A. Klymyshyn. "Thermal Stress Analysis of a Spent Nuclear Fuel Canister." In ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2021-61608.
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Abstract The potential for chloride induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) in spent nuclear fuel dry storage canisters is a current topic of research by the US Department of Energy Spent Fuel and Waste Science and Technology program. One of the important prerequisites for CISCC is a tensile residual stress state. This study utilizes computational models to provide an initial analysis of thermal stresses in a generic spent nuclear fuel canister. A STAR-CCM+ thermal fluid model provides a temperature profile analysis of the canister based on four different ambient temperature conditions. An ANSYS APDL finite element model incorporates the temperature profiles to analyze the thermal stresses in the canister. The calculated thermal stress magnitudes are in the range of 10 MPa to 80 MPa, which could be significant for crack propagation through the canister wall. The maximum thermal stress is not a concern for the structural failure of the canister, but it is high enough that it is a significant contribution to the total stress state of the canister wall, which also includes residual stress from fabrication, internal pressure from helium cover gas, and potential transient mechanical loads, such as earthquakes. This paper describes the initial finite element thermal stress analysis that was completed in 2020, reports the initial findings, and identifies areas where model refinement is still needed to complete this work in the future.
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Silaghi, Raul. "MDA refinements along middleware-specific concern-dimensions." In the 1st international doctoral symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1028480.1028486.
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Liu, Xueliang, and Benoit Huet. "Concept detector refinement using social videos." In the international workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1878137.1878142.
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Luketa-Hanlin, Anay, and Stephen Attaway. "Massively Parallel Computations of Damage to a Thin-Walled Structure From Blast." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41423.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this work is to determine initial structural response from a blast threat for the newer class of liquefied natural gas (LNG) vessels. Import of LNG by ship is expected to significantly increase in the coming decade and there is concern over vulnerability. Current vessels hold up to 160,000 m3 of LNG, while the new vessels will hold up to 266,000 m3. These vessels are double-hulled and have an insulating containment system which keeps the LNG at a temperature of 111 K. Calculations were performed to determine the structural response of these ships from blast using CTH, a shock-physics code, developed at Sandia National Laboratories. The calculations were performed on massively parallel computing platforms (∼1000 processors) due to the number of elements required (∼109). Detailed geometry of the stiffeners, framing, and changing hull thickness with elevation were included, as well as the insulation, LNG, and water. Thus, there is multiphase interaction with the structure. The geometry of these ships fall within a class of problems termed ‘thin-walled problems’ since they require resolution of length scales from ∼10 mm to ∼10 m. In order to capture the smallest length scales an adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) feature was used. This feature allows for cells to be concentrated in active regions as the calculation progresses. This paper will discuss the resolution challenges of simulating thin-walled problems, as well as regimes in which shock-physics codes, such as CTH, are appropriate for application. Results will be provided without disclosure of threats.
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Batory, Don, Jia Liu, and Jacob Neal Sarvela. "Refinements and multi-dimensional separation of concerns." In the 9th European software engineering conference held jointly with 10th ACM SIGSOFT international symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/940071.940079.
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Letia, Ioan Alfred, and Octavian Pop. "Semantic Service Alignment Using Concept Description Refinement." In 12th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/synasc.2010.29.
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Wu, Tsu-te, Lawrence F. Gelder, and Allen C. Smith. "Dynamic Analysis of Radioactive Material Package With Clamp-Ring Closure." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2791.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Separation of the closure lid from the drum-type radioactive material packages employing the conventional clamp-ring closure has been a safety concern. Currently, the evaluation of drum-closure separation problems resorts to expensive and time-consuming tests. Therefore, an analytical capability to predict drum-closure separation is desired. However, the conventional methods of dynamic analysis are not applicable to this subject. The difficulty of the problem mainly lies in solving the complicated preload stresses on the multiple contacted surfaces during claim-ring tightening and in integrating the preload results with the subsequent drop simulation. A technique has been previously proposed by Wu for the dynamic analyses of containers with locking-ring closures (Reference 1). This paper presents a refinement of the proposed technique and also extends the technique from the dynamic simulation of one single drop to the simulation of two sequential drops. The finite-element method with explicit numerical integration scheme is utilized to simulate both the closure bolt tightening process and the drop impact. The essential aspects of the proposed technique include: quasi-static simulation of clamp-ring tightening process; association of the floor motion with the package motion before the drop simulation starts; and creation of the package velocity before impact starts. To verify the proposed numerical technique, an analysis is performed for the 6M Package with a standard clamp-ring closure to simulate the following three sequential loading conditions: the preload caused by tightening the clamp ring; a NCT 4-foot drop; and a HAC 30-foot drop. The analytical results are compared with the results of the sequential NCT and HAC drop tests of a 6M Package with the standard clamp-ring closure. The test results have verified that the proposed numerical technique is capable of predicting the drum closure separation with respect to drop heights as well as the deformed shape of the package.
Звіти організацій з теми "Concern refinement"
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Saldanha, Ian J., Andrea C. Skelly, Kelly Vander Ley, Zhen Wang, Elise Berliner, Eric B. Bass, Beth Devine, et al. Inclusion of Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions in Systematic Reviews of Intervention Effectiveness: An Update. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcmethodsguidenrsi.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: Nonrandomized studies of interventions (NRSIs) are observational or experimental studies of the effectiveness and/or harms of interventions, in which participants are not randomized to intervention groups. There is increasingly widespread recognition that advancements in the design and analysis of NRSIs allow NRSI evidence to have a much more prominent role in decision making, and not just as ancillary evidence to randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Objective: To guide decisions about inclusion of NRSIs for addressing the effects of interventions in systematic reviews (SRs), this chapter updates the 2010 guidance on inclusion of NRSIs in Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) SRs. The chapter focuses on considerations for decisions to include or exclude NRSIs in SRs. Methods: In November 2020, AHRQ convened a 20-member workgroup that comprised 13 members representing 8 of 9 AHRQ-appointed EPCs, 3 AHRQ representatives, 1 independent consultant with expertise in SRs, and 3 representatives of the AHRQ-appointed Scientific Resource Center. The workgroup received input from the full EPC Program regarding the process and specific issues through discussions at a virtual meeting and two online surveys regarding challenges with NRSI inclusion in SRs. One survey focused on current practices by EPCs regarding NRSI inclusion in ongoing and recently completed SRs. The other survey focused on the appropriateness, completeness, and usefulness of existing EPC Program methods guidance. The workgroup considered the virtual meeting and survey input when identifying aspects of the guidance that needed updating. The workgroup used an informal method for generating consensus about guidance. Disagreements were resolved through discussion. Results: We outline considerations for the inclusion of NRSIs in SRs of intervention effectiveness. We describe the strengths and limitations of RCTs, study design features and types of NRSIs, and key considerations for making decisions about inclusion of NRSIs (during the stages of topic scoping and refinement, SR team formation, protocol development, SR conduct, and SR reporting). We discuss how NRSIs may be applicable for the decisional dilemma being addressed in the SR, threats to the internal validity of NRSIs, as well as various data sources and advanced analytic methods that may be used in NRSIs. Finally, we outline an approach to incorporating NRSIs within an SR and key considerations for reporting. Conclusion: The main change from the previous guidance is the overall approach to decisions about inclusion of NRSIs in EPC SRs. Instead of recommending NRSI inclusion only if RCTs are insufficient to address the Key Question, this updated guidance handles NRSI evidence as a valuable source of information and lays out important considerations for decisions about the inclusion of NRSIs in SRs of intervention effectiveness. Different topics may require different decisions regarding NRSI inclusion. This guidance is intended to improve the utility of the final product to end-users. Inclusion of NRSIs will increase the scope, time, and resources needed to complete SRs, and NRSIs pose potential threats to validity, such as selection bias, confounding, and misclassification of interventions. Careful consideration must be given to both concerns.
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Yogev, David, Ricardo Rosenbusch, Sharon Levisohn, and Eitan Rapoport. Molecular Pathogenesis of Mycoplasma bovis and Mycoplasma agalactiae and its Application in Diagnosis and Control. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573073.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mycoplasma bovis and M. agalactiae are two phylogenetically related mycoplasmas which cause economically significant diseases in their respective bovine or small ruminant hosts. These organisms cause persistent asymptomatic infections that can result in severe outbreaks upon introduction of carrier animals into susceptible herds. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying mycoplasma-host interaction, variation in virulence, or of the factors enabling avoidance of the host immune system. In recent years it has become apparent that the ability of pathogenic microorganisms to rapidly alter surface antigenic structures and to fine tune their antigenicity, a phenomena called antigenic variation, is one of the most effective strategies used to escape immune destruction and to establish chronic infections. Our discovery of a novel genetic system, mediating antigenic variation in M. bovis (vsp) as well as in M. agalactiae (avg) served as a starting point for our proposal which included the following objectives: (i) Molecular and functional characterization of the variable surface lipoproteins (Vsp) system of M. bovis and comparison with the Vsp-counterpart in M. agalactiae (ii) Determination of the role of Vsp proteins in the survival of M. bovis when confronted by host defense factors, (iii) Assessment of Vsp-based genetic and antigenic typing of M. bovis and M. agalactiae for epidemiology of infection and (iv) Improvement of diagnostic tests for M. bovis and M. agalactiae based on the vsp-and vsp-analogous systems. We have carried out an extensive molecular characterization of the vsp system and unravelled the precise molecular mechanism responsible for the generation of surface antigenic variation in M. bovis. Our data clearly demonstrated that the two pathogenic mycoplasma species possess large gene families encoding variable lipoprotein antigens that apparently play an important role in immune evasion and in pathogen-host interaction during infection. Phase variable production of these antigens was found to be mediated by a novel molecular mechanism utilizing double site-specific DNA inversions via an intermediate vsp configuration. Studies in model systems indicate that phase variation of VspA is relevant in interaction between M. bovis and macrophages or monocytes, a crucial stage in pathogenesis. Using an ELISA test with captured VspA as an antigen, phase variation was shown to occur in vivo and under field conditions. Genomic rearrangements in the avg gene family of M. agalactiae were shown to occur in vivo and may well have a role in evasion of host defences and establishment of chronic infection. An epidemiological study indicated that patterns of vsp-related antigenic variation diverge rapidly in an M. bovis infected herd. Marked divergence was also found with avg-based genomic typing of M. agalactiae in chronically infected sheep. However, avg-genomic fingerprints were found to be relatively homogeneous in different animals during acute stages of an outbreak of Contagious Agalactiae, and differ between unrelated outbreaks. These data support the concept of vsp-based genomic typing but indicate the necessity for further refinement of the methodology. The molecular knowledge on these surface antigens and their encoding genes provides the basis for generating specific recombinant tools and serological methods for serodiagnosis and epidemiological purposes. Utilization of these methods in the field may allow differentiating acutely infected herds from chronic herds and disease-free herds. In addition the highly immunogenic nature of these lipoproteins may facilitate the design of protective vaccine against mycoplasma infections.