Готові списки джерел за темами / Concept of causality

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Concept of causality"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 18 травня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Concept of causality"

1

Ben-Menahem, Yemima. "Struggling with Causality: Einstein's Case." Science in Context 6, no. 1 (1993): 291–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700001393.

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The ArgumentEinstein's concept of causality as analyzed in this paper is a thick concept comprised of: (a) regularity; (b) locality; (c) symmetry considerations leading to conservation laws; (d) mutuality of causal interaction. The main theses are: 1. Since (b)–(d) are not elements of Hume's concept of causality, Einstein's concept, the concept embedded in the theory of relativity, is manifestly non–Humean. 2. On a Humean conception, Newtonian mechanics is a paradigmatically causal theory. Einstein, however, regarded this theory as causally deficient, for it fails to comply with both (b) and (d). Special relativity was (partly) motivated by the wish to correct the first of these failures; general relativity the second. 3. Ironically, general relativity, based on the thick concept of causality, opens the way for a conventionalist understanding of that concept. 4. With regard to human freedom, Einstein professed to be a Spinozist. However, he suggested a version of soft determinism, not found in Spinoza.
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2

S. Hassan, Mohamed, and Engy H Abdel Hafez. "Some Epistemological and Ontological Reflections on Concept of Causality: From Scientific Causality to Contextual Causality." Journal of Arts and Social Sciences [JASS] 13, no. 3 (December 14, 2022): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53542/jass.v13i3.5416.

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This research tries to present a critical analysis of the concept of scientific causality and the problems it entails within the scientific domain. This study claims that scientific causality is not enough to understand the nature of relationships existing among the members of a chain and it is concerned with the possible action of correspondence apart from the context of action. It is argued here that all types of scientific causality fail to reflect the flexible nature of members of any possible correlation. This paper offers the concept "contextual causality" as a possible alternative perspective that reflects both the variable and elastic nature of the elements of correlation and discusses the relationship between the context and the process of correlation. The introduction of the concept of contextual causality raises new metaphysical and epistemological issues that can be solved from the perspective of structural idealism. Keyword: Causality, Contextualism, Structuralism, Structural Idealism, Linear Causality, Epistemology.
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3

Hassan, Mohamed S. Hassan Engy H. Abdel Hafez. "Some Epistemological and Ontological Reflections on Concept of Causality: From Scientific Causality to Contextual Causality." مجلة القراءة والمعرفة 22, no. 243 (January 1, 2022): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/mrk.2022.215067.

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4

Bosman, Alexander. "Causality under Tax Treaties." Intertax 44, Issue 5 (May 1, 2016): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2016031.

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This article examines the concept of causality, a somewhat underexposed aspect of categorizing income under the distributive rules of tax treaties. The author gives his views on causality under tax treaties, and suggests a method of approaching this concept.
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5

Silvia, Bayu, and Masudul Choudhury. "A Critique of Ibn Khaldun’s Causality Concept." Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Islamic Economics 21, no. 1 (2008): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/islec.21-1.3.

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Valjarevic, Dragana, and Ljiljana Petrovic. "Concept of statistical causality and local martingales." University Thought - Publication in Natural Sciences 6, no. 1 (2016): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/univtho6-10968.

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7

Norsen, Travis. "John S. Bell’s concept of local causality." American Journal of Physics 79, no. 12 (December 2011): 1261–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.3630940.

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Mitsis, Phillip. "The concept of causality in presocratic philosophy." History of European Ideas 10, no. 4 (January 1989): 490–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-6599(89)90017-x.

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Nobre, Bruno, and Ricardo Barroso Batista. "Causality: Contemporary Approaches." Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 77, no. 4 (January 31, 2022): 1141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2021_77_4_1141.

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From the dawn of philosophy, with pre-Socratic thinkers, to the present day, the concept of causality continues to captivate and divide philosophers in all areas. On the one hand, as it is a fundamental concept for understanding the World and its dynamism, the notion of causality remains attractive. On the other hand, it is a source of discord, since it can be understood and thought of in different ways, which leads to contradictory visions about reality. In face of these two stances, the contemporary philosophical debate about the nature of causality is fragmented into a large number of positions, each of which implies a different worldview. In this context, this issue of Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia (RPF) intends to contribute to the philosophical reflection on the challenges posed by the different perspectives on causality and corresponding problematics.
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Գրաբսկի, Մ. Ա., Մ. Գ. Կճանյան та Ա. Մ. Գրաբսկի. "ԴԵՏԵՐՄԻՆԻԶՄԻ ՍԿԶԲՈՒՆՔԸ ԿԼԻՆԻԿԱԿԱՆ ԲԺՇԿՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՄԵՋ". MEDICINE, SCIENCE AND EDUCATION, № 33 (травень 2022): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.56936/18291775-2022.33-42.

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The article discusses some philosophical and methodological topical aspects of the principles of determinism and causality in theoretical and clinical medicine. The problem of determinism is of great methodological importance in the doctrine of etiology and pathogenesis. The article substantiates the idea that the categories “determinism” and “causality” are not identical in their content, since in terms of logical volume, determinism is a broader concept than causality. The article analyzes the evolution of ontological and gnoseological concepts of understanding the problem of determinism and causality in medicine, in particular, some topical issues of therapy, diagnosis and prevention of diseases in the context of this problem. Causal relationships are considered as a specific type of deterministic relationships, and any condition and factor as a specific determinant. The article pays special attention to the meaningful analysis of such concepts as “factorial etymology”, “causal etiology” and also provides a comparative analysis of these concepts. Gneseologically one of the most difficult debatable and underexplored problems of the theory of determinism is the concept of polyetiology, mono-etiology in the context of casual relations.
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Дисертації з теми "Concept of causality"

1

Pramanik, Ananda. "The Concept of causality some clarifications." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/46.

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Das, Paramita. "The Concept of causality in Indian logic : a critical study." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/72.

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3

Fedderke, J. W. "The use of reason : an investigation into the source of the explanatory power of the concept of the optimising agent." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283953.

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Lake, Brenden M. "Towards more human-like concept learning in machines : compositionality, causality, and learning-to-learn." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/95856.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 211-220).
People can learn a new concept almost perfectly from just a single example, yet machine learning algorithms typically require hundreds or thousands of examples to perform similarly. People can also use their learned concepts in richer ways than conventional machine learning systems - for action, imagination, and explanation suggesting that concepts are far more than a set of features, exemplars, or rules, the most popular forms of representation in machine learning and traditional models of concept learning. For those interested in better understanding this human ability, or in closing the gap between humans and machines, the key computational questions are the same: How do people learn new concepts from just one or a few examples? And how do people learn such abstract, rich, and flexible representations? An even greater puzzle arises by putting these two questions together: How do people learn such rich concepts from just one or a few examples? This thesis investigates concept learning as a form of Bayesian program induction, where learning involves selecting a structured procedure that best generates the examples from a category. I introduce a computational framework that utilizes the principles of compositionality, causality, and learning-to-learn to learn good programs from just one or a handful of examples of a new concept. New conceptual representations can be learned compositionally from pieces of related concepts, where the pieces reflect real part structure in the underlying causal process that generates category examples. This approach is evaluated on a number of natural concept learning tasks where humans and machines can be compared side-by-side. Chapter 2 introduces a large-scale data set of novel, simple visual concepts for studying concept learning from sparse data. People were asked to produce new examples of over 1600 novel categories, revealing consistent structure in the generative programs that people used. Initial experiments also show that this structure is useful for one-shot classification. Chapter 3 introduces the computational framework called Hierarchical Bayesian Program Learning, and Chapters 4 and 5 compare humans and machines on six tasks that cover a range of natural conceptual abilities. On a challenging one-shot classification task, the computational model achieves human-level performance while also outperforming several recent deep learning models. Visual "Turing test" experiments were used to compare humans and machines on more creative conceptual abilities, including generating new category examples, predicting latent causal structure, generating new concepts from related concepts, and freely generating new concepts. In each case, fewer than twenty-five percent of judges could reliably distinguish the human behavior from the machine behavior, showing that the model can generalize in ways similar to human performance. A range of comparisons with lesioned models and alternative modeling frameworks reveal that three key ingredients - compositionality, causality, and learning-to-learn - contribute to performance in each of the six tasks. This conclusion is further supported by the results of Chapter 6, where a computational model using only two of these three principles was evaluated on the one-shot learning of new spoken words. Learning programs with these ingredients is a promising route towards more humanlike concept learning in machines.
by Brenden M. Lake.
Ph. D.
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5

Gianesi, Ana Paula Lacôrte. "Causalidade e determinação: o problema do desencadeamento em psicanálise." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47133/tde-18022009-085013/.

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Este trabalho versa sobre o problema do desencadeamento para a psicanálise e toma por fio condutor alguns casos freudianos. O tema sublinhado foi concebido como um ponto clínico fundamental, que remete o psicanalista tanto à questão diagnóstica quanto à investigação etiológica. Neste sentido, destacamos que o surgimento de sintomas e do surto psicótico mereceu particular atenção ao longo de nossas linhas. Verificamos que, depois de Freud, a presença de uma conversão histérica ou de um delírio paranóico logo indicava uma direção para o tratamento e também indagava a psicanálise acerca das causas precipitadoras de tais quadros. Pois bem, sobretudo nos intrigou a pesquisa sobre as dimensões causais de um desencadeamento. Para realizá-la seguimos primeiro Freud e sua complexa teoria da causalidade psíquica e depois Jacques Lacan, que, de maneira peculiar, soube destacar o inédito freudiano e postular uma noção de causalidade que designamos como própria à psicanálise e pertinente ao desencadeamento.
This work seeks to explore the question of triggering off in psychoanalytic theory by examining some Freudian cases. The theme was conceived as a key clinical aspect which poses for the psychoanalyst the questions of diagnosis and of etiological investigation. In this sense, we highlight that the emergence of symptoms and of psychotic breakdown were particularly important to this work. We verified that since Freud, either the hysterical conversion or the paranoid delirium indicated the direction of the treatment; and raised concerns about the emerging causes of these conditions. In this study the causal dimensions of triggering off was particularly intriguing. To accomplish this investigation, we first drew upon Freuds theories of the psychic causality and proceeded to the study of Jacques Lacan who in a particular manner highlighted Freudians findings and postulated a notion of causality that is central to psychoanalysis and strongly related to the idea of triggering off.
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Ko, Myoungsu. "Fahrlässige Mittäterschaft und Schuldprinzip." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22245.

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Die verschiedenen Konzepte fahrlässiger Mittäterschaft werden dargestellt und als nicht überzeugend befunden. Der Hauptteil der Arbeit analysiert nach der kursorischen Feststel-lung, dass das Analogieverbot der Figur nicht entgegensteht, konkret die Unbegründbarkeit fahrlässiger Mittäterschaft auf der Grundlage des höchstpersönlichen Schuldprinzips, das als verfassungsrechtlicher Grundsatz die Grundlage des gesamten Strafrechtssystems bildet. Die richtige Lösung bei fahrlässigem Zusammenwirken besteht in einer Vorverlagerung des Fahrlässigkeitsschuldvorwurfs unter Annahme eines psychischen Beitrags zum Erfolgseintritt. Dies entspricht sowohl dem Wesen der Fahrlässigkeitsdelikte als auch dem Schuldprinzip.
This study critically analyzes the various ideas for negligent co-perpetration and concludes that this legal idea is not convincing. The main part of this study is to analyze that negligent co-perpetration lacks justification based on the guilt principle, which is the foundation of the entire criminal justice system, although negligent co-perpetration could be established, since this does not violate the prohibition of analogy. And the desirable solution for cases of neg-ligent cooperation is concretely presented.: To advance the accusation of negligence in ac-cordance with the nature of the criminal negligence and the guilt principle. The criminal negligence is based on the single concept of perpetrator and the psychological contribution could establish the illegality of behaviour. In order to apply this solution, the illegality of neg-ligent behavior must always be proven. Then there is no need for negligent co-perpetration.
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Kapoyanni, Théoni. "Causalité et création : le continu et le discontinu dans l'oeuvre d'Henri Bergson." Paris 4, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA040050.

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L'examen de la compatibilité entre les notions de continuité et de liberté s'avère nécessaire dans le cadre d'une recherche sur la notion de création dans la philosophie bergsonienne. L'idée de durée créatrice suggère une conception de l'être comme un arrachement continu a lui-même. On observe, chez Bergson, d'une part, une scission originelle du même en altérite (ou de l'un en multiplicité qualitative) et, d'autre part, l'altération de la réalité par l'intermédiaire d’un dédoublement opéré par l'intellect (qui correspond à sa transposition en une multiplicité quantitative). Entreprenant de définir les présupposés de la brusque apparition d'un discontinu fonctionnel (en tous points diffèrent d'un discontinu artificiel) dans la continuité du réel, on est conduit à la notion de force. La notion de création se détermine par rapport à deux types de continuité, diamétralement opposés : une continuité homogène unilinéaire, source de l'identique et du répétitif, et une continuité hétérogène profonde porteuse de discontinuités imprévisibles, perceptibles par intuition. Il convient donc d'établir une distinction entre une causalité logique ou mécanique et une causalité créatrice agissant comme une cause a-causale. Le réel en tant que devenir créateur épargne au discontinu un isolement stérile et préserve le continu d’une inéluctable nécessité. La notion de création suggère ainsi, chez Bergson, la progression du continu vers le discontinu et, à l'inverse, l'intégration du discontinu dans le continu
The examination of the compatibility between the notions of continuity and freedom proved to be necessary within the context of research into the notion of creation in the bergsonic philosophy. The idea of creative duration suggests a conception of the being as a continuous extraction of itself. In Bergson, one observes on the one hand an original scission of the same into an otherness (or of the one into a qualitative multiplicity), and, on the other hand, the alteration of reality through the medium of a division operated by the intellect (which corresponds to his transposition into a quantitative multiplicity). In undertaking to define the presuppositions of the sudden appearance of a functional discontinuity (in every aspect different from an artificial discontinuity) in the continuity of the real, we are led to the notion of force. The notion of creation is determined in relation to two types of continuity, diametrically opposed: an unilinear homogeneous continuity, source of the identical and the repetitive, and a deep heterogeneous continuity bearer of unforeseen di8scontinuities, perceptible by intuition. Therefore it is advisable to establish a distinction between a logical or mechanical causality and a creative causality acting as a no causal cause. The real as creative becoming save the discontinuous from a sterile isolation and safeguards the continuous from an ineluctable necessity. Thus, the notion of creation suggests, in Bergson’s philosophy, the progression of the continuous towards the discontinuous and, converse
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Bilbao, Zepeda Manuel Alejandro. "L'influence du modèle de la causalité génétique sur la pensée de Freud." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070032.

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Nous cherchons à établir quels seraient les nouveaux critères épistémologiques pour considérer une causalité de type fantasmatico-représentationnel, à la lumière des développements causaux de la psychopathologie du XIXème siècle. Le concept est en même temps présenté dans son articulation avec les développements actuels de la génétique contemporaine. Le concept de temporalité des processus inconscients est également appréhendé en tant que matrice indispensable à la thématisation de la causalité psychique. Sous l'originalité qui peut être découverte dans les énoncés de la théorie métapsychologique de Freud, se définissent les liens possibles que la psychanalyse peut garder avec les sciences neurocognitives actuelles
We seek to establish which would be the new epistemological criteria to consider a causality of phantasmatic representational type in the light of the causal developments of the XIXth century. The concept if shown at the same time in its articulation with current developments of contemporary genetics. The concept of temporality of the unconscious processes is likewise perceived as an indispensable matrix to the thematisation of the psychic causality. Underlying the originality to be found in the formulation of Freud's metapsychological theory appear the possible connecting links that psychoanalysis can maintain with the present neurocognitive sciences
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Olive, Julien. "L’ efficience de la cause : le concept d’efficience naturelle dans la physique antique et classique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10080.

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Le propos de cette enquête est d’établir le rôle joué par l’évolution des théories de la causalité dans la naissance de la physique classique. Elle se présente comme une alternative aux interprétations de la notion moderne de cause proposées par le positivisme et l’histoire heideggerienne de la métaphysique. Dans un premier temps, nous montrons dans quelle mesure l’opérateur causal antique est différent de celui des modernes. Alors que chez ces derniers la causalité est pensée comme une relation transitive et nécessaire entre des réalités homogènes, les anciens conçoivent la causalité comme une propriété absolue, une pseudo-relation dépourvue de converse où l’effet appartient à un registre ontologique moindre. Ainsi, Platon et Aristote ont formulé les conditions d’intelligibilité du devenir, le principe de causalité et de la cause-agent, mais leur physique n’en reste pas moins formellement incompatible avec les lois de la mécanique classique, de même que la détermination est inintelligible dans l’ensemble des philosophies antiques. Enfin, nous étudions comment est apparue, chez les penseurs néo-platoniciens, puis monothéistes, l’idée d’une cause efficiente, c’est-à-dire d’un influx engendrant l’être d’une chose et qui, en tant que tel, ne se laisse penser que sous la forme d’une relation. La deuxième partie montre l’influence de la causalité comme relation dans la formation de la physique classique. Le projet mécaniste fut de reconstruire la totalité des objets du savoir sur des bases nominalistes opposées à celles de l’essentialisme ancien, la causalité efficiente fut pour cela son opérateur explicatif unique. De cette façon, le modèle du transfert a rendu possible la mathématisation du mouvement et a fait de la raison suffisante le principe d’intelligibilité universel. Nous établissons enfin que les critiques modernes de la causalité sont les conséquences de l’application de la cause efficiente aux objets de la métaphysique : Dieu, les substances et les idées.
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Golfin, Guilhem. "L’objectivité et le phénomène : une étude philosophique et historique du concept de causalité à la lumière de la physique relativiste et quantique." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0155.

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Анотація:
La question de la causalité a été centrale dans les discussions qui ont accompagné l'invention des nouvelles théories physiques dans les premières décennies du XXème siècle, la Théorie de la relativité et la Mécanique quantique. Celles-ci en effet ont remis en cause soit la forme de la causalité physique telle qu'elle était conçue dans le cadre de la mécanique classique, soit même la pertinence de la causalité comme telle. Or, l'intelligibilité de la nature semblait jusque-là intrinsèquement liée à cette forme causale classique, et à plus forte raison à la causalité en soi. On estimait en effet que la causalité classique avait apporté la clarté dans une matière réputée être restée confuse chez les philosophes. Les inflexions radicales introduites par les nouvelles théories physiques conduisent donc à questionner l'intelligibilité scientifique, et dans le même mouvement la nature et la signification de la causalité telle qu'elle est comprise par la science physique. L'étude de l'œuvre de quelques-uns des fondateurs de ces théories fait ressortir que la causalité est dans cette perspective une relation idéale qui a pour fonction d'assurer l'objectivité du discours scientifique. A ce titre, elle ne saurait être tenue pour une propriété du réel, mais doit être comprise comme une catégorie herméneutique. Elle opère dans le cadre d'un discours qui se conçoit comme une mise en forme de phénomènes, et qui ne trouve de sens que par et dans la négation d'un ordre en soi de la nature
The causality became a central subject during the controversies that arose in the first three decades of the XXth century with the invention of new physical theories, the Theory of relativity and the Quantum Mechanics. This was the case because these new theories questioned the classical causality's form, and even the relevancy of causality in itself for a physical theory, when the traditional idea was that the intelligibility of nature requires absolutely such a relation. Physicists indeed thought that classical causality clarified a matter which was remained confuse within the philosophical doctrines. Hence, the radical changes brought up by the new physical theories lead to analyse scientific intelligibility, and in the same rime the nature and the signification of causality as it is understood by the physicists. The study of some of the great physicists' works, shows that physical causality is an ideal relation, the function of which is to founder the objectivity of the scientific discourse. By the way, it is impossible to consider it as a property of the world, but it must be taken for a hermeneutic category. It works inside a discourse which tries to give a form to phenomena, and which finds its meaning by denying ail nature's proper order
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Книги з теми "Concept of causality"

1

1942-, Viennot Laurence, and Debru Claude, eds. Enquête sur le concept de causalité. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 2003.

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2

Akādamī, Prākr̥ta Bhāratī, ed. Global philosophical and ecological concepts: Cycles, causality, ecology and evolution in various traditions and their impact on modern biology. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 2010.

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3

Jansma, Rudi. Global philosophical and ecological concepts: Cycles, causality, ecology and evolution in various traditions and their impact on modern biology. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 2010.

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4

Bartoli, Roberto, ed. Responsabilità penale e rischio nelle attività mediche e d'impresa (un dialogo con la giurisprudenza). Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-570-2.

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This book presents the proceedings of the conference held in Florence on 7 and 8 May 2009 upon the conclusion of a MUIR study. The inspiration behind it can be summarised in two keywords. The first is "modernity", because it focuses on the sectors of criminal liability of the doctor and the entrepreneur, those that have been most dramatically affected by social change and technological developments, straining to the limit the "classic" configuration of criminal law categories. The second is "case law", in the sense that we have sought to focus on the reality of living law and to investigate the concepts of the causality, blame and complicity of individuals as they are actually illustrated by precedents.
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5

Jean, Piaget. The child's conception of the world. Savage,Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998.

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6

The child's conception of the world. London: Routledge, 1997.

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Jean, Piaget. The child's conception of the world. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007.

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Jean, Piaget. The child's conception of the world: By Jean Piaget ; translated by Joan and Andrew Tomlinson. Totowa, N.J: Rowman & Littlefield, 1989.

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The child's conception of the world: By Jean Piaget ; translated by Joan and Andrew Tomlinson. Savage, Md: Littlefield Adams Quality Paperbacks, 1989.

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Harré, Rom, and Fathali M. Moghaddam, eds. Questioning Causality. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216003823.

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Анотація:
Covering a topic applicable to fields ranging from education to health care to psychology, this book provides a broad critical analysis of the assumptions that researchers and practitioners have about causation and explains how readers can improve their thinking about causation. In virtually every laboratory, research center, or classroom focused on the social or physical sciences today, the concept of causation is a core issue to be questioned, tested, and determined. Even debates in unrelated areas such as biology, law, and philosophy often focus on causality—"What made that happen?" In this book, experts from across disciplines adopt a reader-friendly approach to reconsider this age-old question in a modern light, defining different kinds of causation and examining how causes and consequences are framed and approached in a particular field. Each chapter uses applied examples to illustrate key points in an accessible manner. The contributors to this work supply a coherent critical analysis of the assumptions researchers and practitioners hold about causation, and explain how such thinking about causation can be improved. Collectively, the coverage is broad, providing readers with a fuller picture of research in social contexts. Beyond providing insightful description and thought-provoking questioning of causation in different research areas, the book applies analysis of data in order to point the way to smarter, more efficient practices. Consequently, both practitioners and researchers will benefit from this book.
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Частини книг з теми "Concept of causality"

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Gebharter, Alexander. "Causality as a Theoretical Concept." In Causal Nets, Interventionism, and Mechanisms, 39–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49908-6_4.

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De Muijnck, Wim. "A Duality in the Concept of Causality." In Dependencies, Connections, and Other Relations, 43–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0121-1_4.

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Llacer, Jorge, Eugene Veklerov, and Jorge Nunez. "The Concept of Causality in Image Reconstruction." In Medical Images: Formation, Handling and Evaluation, 361–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77888-9_15.

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de Beauregard, Olivier Costa. "Retarded Causality as a Statistical Concept. Arrowless Microcausality." In Time, The Physical Magnitude, 129–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3811-3_10.

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Kaewsompong, Nachatpong, Sukrit Thongkairat, and Paravee Maneejuk. "Application of Machine Learning Concept to Tourism Demand Forecast." In Prediction and Causality in Econometrics and Related Topics, 401–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77094-5_31.

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Freese, Jeremy, and Karen Lutfey. "Fundamental Causality: Challenges of an Animating Concept for Medical Sociology." In Handbook of the Sociology of Health, Illness, and Healing, 67–81. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7261-3_4.

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Lury, Celia, William Viney, and Scott Wark. "Introduction: Figure, Figuring and Configuration." In Figure, 1–20. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2476-7_1.

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AbstractThis introduction will outline the concept and practice of “figure” and “figuration.” The word “figure” can refer to numbers, characters in text or representations of persons or other entities in images or to a movement or series of movements, a diagram or a short succession of notes. In uses such as prefiguring, configuring, and disfiguring, it can refer to a process, opening questions of ordering, causality, premonition, (retrospective) fulfilment, prophecy, anticipation, redemption and pre-emption. As a noun, configuration can refer to an assemblage or the ways in which technologies materialise cultural imaginaries. Figures sit between the representational and the abstract; they can be inhabited and, in being inhabited, can be turned. We conclude by inviting readers to “go figure!”
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Shabana, Ayman. "From ˓Ādah to ˓Urf Theological Foundations of the Concept of Custom as reflected in the Debate over Causality." In Custom in Islamic Law and Legal Theory, 59–70. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230117341_4.

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Vineis, Paolo. "Causality in epidemiology." In A History of Epidemiologic Methods and Concepts, 337–49. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7603-2_19.

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Young, Gerald. "Statistical Concepts and Networks in Causality." In Unifying Causality and Psychology, 121–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24094-7_6.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Concept of causality"

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Yuan, Siyu, Deqing Yang, Jinxi Liu, Shuyu Tian, Jiaqing Liang, Yanghua Xiao, and Rui Xie. "Causality-aware Concept Extraction based on Knowledge-guided Prompting." In Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.acl-long.514.

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Slavnov, Dmitry. "The causality concept in quantum field theory and in quantum mechanics." In The XIXth International Workshop on High Energy Physics and Quantum Field Theory. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.104.0020.

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3

Marquis-Favre, Wilfrid, and Serge Scavarda. "Alternative Causality Assignment Procedures in Bond Graph Language." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2380.

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Abstract This paper proposes to extend this set of causality assignment procedures. The proposed alternative procedures are mainly inspired by formulations developed in the mechanical domain. They enable Lagrange equations, Hamilton equations and Boltzmann-Hamel equations, as well as formulations with the Lagrange multipliers, to be obtained. After a brief introduction of bond graphs and the causality concept, section 2 presents the three initial procedures (SCAP, LCAP, RCAP) with their modified versions (MSCAP, MLCAP, MRCAP). Section 3 goes through the alternative proposed procedures in detail. Section 4 deals with examples for the application of the alternative procedures proposed. Finally the conclusion shows the important features of such alternative causality assignment procedures on the use of bond graph language.
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Mehling, Carl Willy, Sven Pieper, and Steffen Ihlenfeldt. "Concept of a causality-driven fault diagnosis system for cyber-physical production systems." In 2023 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indin51400.2023.10218199.

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Kačer, Blanka, and Hrvoje Vojković. "Pravno adekvatna uzročnost u slučajevima građanskopravne odgovornosti zbog povrede medicinskog standarda (uključujući informirani pristanak na temelju podataka dobivenih od robota)." In XVI Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upk20.633k.

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In the context of the civil law liability for medical malpractice, the concept of legally adequate causality in Croatian, Serbian and Slovenian law practice is a synthesis of several legally theoretical approaches and includes elements of the theory of natural (factual causality) and the theory of the protective aim of the norm. In this sense, the theory of legally adequate causality appears as the optimal legal construct for the determination of legally relevant causality, since the application of each of the above theoretical models does not separately determine the closest possible cause - causa proxima. Only by interpolating the concepts of factual causation and the protective objective of the norm within the legal construction of adequate causality, do real assumptions be made to establish a legally relevant cause with the characteristic of a qualified degree of probability. Adequate causation theory is an advanced theory of natural causation that combines essential elements of other causal models, thus enables the effective and credible identification of the closest and adequate cause whose regular effect is attributed to a certain harmful consequence. At the end of the paper, doubts were raised regarding the (in)applicability of the conclusions (all or part) to the no-fault liability where the causal nexus was differently regulated, and to the role of the robot in informed consent. At the end of the paper, doubts were raised regarding the (in)applicability of the conclusions (all or part) to the no-fault liability where the causal nexus was differently regulated, and to the role of the robot in informed consent.
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Soni, Vivek, Arvind Kumar Pathak, and Anand Vaz. "Exploiting the Concept of Causality in Bond Graph for Approximate Differentiation of Signals through Integration." In 2019 IEEE 5th International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2ct45611.2019.9033638.

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Muenzer, Clemens, and Kristina Shea. "A Simulation-Based CDS Approach: Automated Generation of Simulation Models Based From Generated Concept Model Graphs." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47353.

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Current approaches in Computational Design Synthesis enable the human designer to explore large solution spaces for engineering design problems. To extend this to support designers in embodiment and detail design, not only the generation of solutions spaces is needed, but also the automated evaluation of engineering performance. Here, simulation methods can be used effectively to predict the behavior of a product. This paper presents a generic approach to automatically generate solution spaces for energy- and signal-based engineering design tasks using first-order logic and Boolean satisfiability. These solution spaces not only include the graph-based product concept topologies but also corresponding bond-graph based simulation models. To do this, guidelines to create partial simulation models for the available building blocks for the synthesis are presented, to assure a valid causality in the final simulation model. Considering the connections in the graph-based product concepts, the simulation models are automatically generated and, simulated. The simulation results are then stored to enable a more informed decision as to which concepts to pursue in detail design. The method is validated using automotive powertrains as a case study. 162 different powertrain concepts are generated and evaluated, showing the advantages of electric powertrains in respect to CO2 emissions and the importance of intelligent control strategies for hybrid ones. This research enables the generation, exploration, and evaluation of solution spaces for energy- and signal-based product concept. Guidelines to define compatible bond-graph based partial simulation models that map to building blocks from an object-oriented graph-based knowledge representation are introduced. Additionally, a generic translation between the graph-based product concepts and simulation models is presented.
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Makrevska Disoska, Elena, and Katerina Shapkova Kocevska. "THE IMPACT OF HUMAN FREEDOMS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2020.0016.

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The impact of formal institutions, including rule of law, human rights, and civil liberties on economic growth has been in the focus of the latest research agenda of the new institutional economics due to the current pandemic of the Corona-19 virus. Some limitations are necessary to be imposed to address a pandemic, but this is a real risk of lasting deterioration in basic human freedoms. Increased surveillance, restrictions on free expression and information, and limits on public participation are becoming increasingly common. The present fear is that the authorities worldwide are using the current situation to repress human rights for political purposes. This paper aims to explore the effect of the overall institutional environment, understood as the concept of human freedom, on economic prosperity in different jurisdictions around the world. Human freedom is a general term for personal, civil, and economic freedom and therefore the interconnection with economic growth can be seen in both directions. In our analysis, we use the Human Freedom Index published by the Fraser Institute as a proxy for human freedom. Here, human freedom is understood as the absence of coercive constraint. The index is calculated based on 79 distinct indicators representing different aspects of personal and economic freedom. This analysis seeks to answer several questions. First, we are interested in examining whether there is empirical evidence about the causality between human freedoms and economic growth. Second, we are interested in whether human freedom has a positive impact on growth rates. And third, we are interested in examining the influence of other determinants on economic growth. To test the causality between human freedom and economic growth, we have conducted a Granger causality analysis. The empirical strategy for identification of the possible influence of human freedom to growth rates includes the development of ordinary least squares (OLS) panel regression models for selected economies of the world, or around 174 cross-section units (countries) in the period between 2008 and 2017.
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Danilevičienė, Irena. "Features of the assessment of factors influencing productivity." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.021.

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Purpose – productivity is an economic category that is dependent on many internal and external factors and the assess-ment and management of these factors positively affects the country’s economic situation. The aim of this article is to identify the main factors that influence productivity and their relationship. Research methodology – the methodology of the article give information about the Granger causality test that was applied in order to assess the factors influence on productivity. Findings – the results of deeper researches of productivity and the assessment of the selected factors have shown that the strongest impact on productivity has the investments and wages. Research limitations – at this article the following research limitations are applied: amount (due to the analysis of produc-tivity and its determinants it is possible to mention that not all factors that have an influence on productivity are included in the concept of research), time (the data of the 1995–2017 y.y. are analyzed) and the method (the most appropriate al-ternative for the analysis is the use of the Granger causality test). Practical implications – the improvement of the country’s economic situation is possible due to the targeted management of the factors, that have the greatest impact on productivity. Originality/Value – new variables are included in the analysis of productivity and factors that have an influence on it and the evaluation of these factors is carried out in the case of Baltic States.
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Sakhardande, Rohan, and Deepak Devegowda. "Data-Driven Causal Analyses of Parent-Child Well Interactions for Well Spacing Decisions." In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204165-ms.

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Abstract The analyses of parent-child well performance is a complex problem depending on the interplay between timing, completion design, formation properties, direct frac-hits and well spacing. Assessing the impact of well spacing on parent or child well performance is therefore challenging. A naïve approach that is purely observational does not control for completion design or formation properties and can compromise well spacing decisions and economics and perhaps, lead to non-intuitive results. By using concepts from causal inference in randomized clinical trials, we quantify the impact of well spacing decisions on parent and child well performance. The fundamental concept behind causal inference is that causality facilitates prediction; but being able to predict does not imply causality because of association between the variables. In this study, we work with a large dataset of over 3000 wells in a large oil-bearing province in Texas. The dataset includes several covariates such as completion design (proppant/fluid volumes, frac-stages, lateral length, cluster spacing, clusters/stage and others) and formation properties (mechanical and petrophysical properties) as well as downhole location. We evaluate the impact of well spacing on 6-month and 1-year cumulative oil in four groups associated with different ranges of parent-child spacing. By assessing the statistical balance between the covariates for both parent and child well groups (controlling for completion and formation properties), we estimate the causal impact of well spacing on parent and child well performance. We compare our analyses with the routine naïve approach that gives non-intuitive results. In each of the four groups associated with different ranges of parent-child well spacing, the causal workflow quantifies the production loss associated with the parent and child well. This degradation in performance is seen to decrease with increasing well spacing and we provide an optimal well spacing value for this specific multi-bench unconventional play that has been validated in the field. The naïve analyses based on simply assessing association or correlation, on the contrary, shows increasing child well degradation for increasing well spacing, which is simply not supported by the data. The routinely applied correlative analyses between the outcome (cumulative oil) and predictors (well spacing) fails simply because it does not control for variations in completion design over the years, nor does it account for variations in the formation properties. To our knowledge, there is no other paper in petroleum engineering literature that speaks of causal inference. This is a fundamental precept in medicine to assess drug efficacy by controlling for age, sex, habits and other covariates. The same workflow can easily be generalized to assess well spacing decisions and parent-child well performance across multi-generational completion designs and spatially variant formation properties.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Concept of causality"

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Bondarenko, Olga V. The didactic potential of virtual information educational environment as a tool of geography students training. [б. в.], February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3761.

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The article clarifies the concept of “virtual information educational environment” (VIEE) and examines the researchers’ views on its meaning exposed in the scientific literature. The article determines the didactic potential of the virtual information educational environment for the geography students training based on the analysis of the authors’ experience of blended learning by means of the Google Classroom. It also specifies the features (immersion, interactivity, and dynamism, sense of presence, continuity, and causality). The authors highlighted the advantages of virtual information educational environment implementation, such as: increase of the efficiency of the educational process by intensifying the process of cognition and interpersonal interactive communication; continuous access to multimedia content both in Google Classroom and beyond; saving student time due to the absence of necessity to work out the training material “manually”; availability of virtual pages of the virtual class; individualization of the educational process; formation of informational culture of the geography students; and more productive learning of the educational material at the expense of IT educational facilities. Among the disadvantages the article mentions low level of computerization, insignificant quantity and low quality of software products, underestimation of the role of VIЕЕ in the professional training of geography students, and the lack of economic stimuli, etc.
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Mizrahi, Itzhak, and Bryan A. White. Uncovering rumen microbiome components shaping feed efficiency in dairy cows. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600020.bard.

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Ruminants provide human society with high quality food from non-human-edible resources, but their emissions negatively impact the environment via greenhouse gas production. The rumen and its resident microorganisms dictate both processes. The overall goal of this project was to determine whether a causal relationship exists between the rumen microbiome and the host animal's physiology, and if so, to isolate and examine the specific determinants that enable this causality. To this end, we divided the project into three specific parts: (1) determining the feed efficiency of 200 milking cows, (2) determining whether the feed- efficiency phenotype can be transferred by transplantation and (3) isolating and examining microbial consortia that can affect the feed-efficiency phenotype by their transplantation into germ-free ruminants. We finally included 1000 dairy cow metadata in our study that revealed a global core microbiome present in the rumen whose composition and abundance predicted many of the cows’ production phenotypes, including methane emission. Certain members of the core microbiome are heritable and have strong associations to cardinal rumen metabolites and fermentation products that govern the efficiency of milk production. These heritable core microbes therefore present primary targets for rumen manipulation towards sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture. We then went beyond examining the metagenomic content, and asked whether microbes behave differently with relation to the host efficiency state. We sampled twelve animals with two extreme efficiency phenotypes, high efficiency and low efficiency where the first represents animals that maximize energy utilization from their feed whilst the later represents animals with very low utilization of the energy from their feed. Our analysis revealed differences in two host efficiency states in terms of the microbial expression profiles both with regards to protein identities and quantities. Another aim of the proposal was the cultivation of undescribed rumen microorganisms is one of the most important tasks in rumen microbiology. Our findings from phylogenetic analysis of cultured OTUs on the lower branches of the phylogenetic tree suggest that multifactorial traits govern cultivability. Interestingly, most of the cultured OTUs belonged to the rare rumen biosphere. These cultured OTUs could not be detected in the rumen microbiome, even when we surveyed it across 38 rumen microbiome samples. These findings add another unique dimension to the complexity of the rumen microbiome and suggest that a large number of different organisms can be cultured in a single cultivation effort. In the context of the grant, the establishment of ruminant germ-free facility was possible and preliminary experiments were successful, which open up the way for direct applications of the new concepts discovered here, prior to the larger scale implementation at the agricultural level.
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Children of parents with depression or anxiety: Long-term follow-up, causality and resilience. ACAMH, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.13056/acamh.26145.

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Open Access paper from JCPP Advances - 'Three papers in the December issue (2023) of JCPP Advances focus on children of parents with depression or anxiety. Parental depression and anxiety are both highly prevalent psychiatric conditions, representing a major public health concern. The aim of this editorial is to provide context to the findings of these three studies and to highlight important methodological strengths.' Henrik Larsson (pic).
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