Готові списки джерел за темами / Concentrating collectors

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Concentrating collectors"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 березня 2023
Оновлено: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Concentrating collectors"

1

M. Anil Kumar, K. Sridhar, and B. Devika. "Performance of cylindrical parabolic solar collector with the tracking system." Maejo International Journal of Energy and Environmental Communication 3, no. 1 (March 17, 2021): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54279/mijeec.v3i1.245096.

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A parabolic solar collector collects the radiant energy emitted from the sun and focuses on a point. Parabolic trough collectors are the low-cost implementation of concentrated solar power technology that focuses incident sunlight onto a tube filled with a heat transfer fluid. However, the fundamental problem with the cylindrical parabolic collector without tracking was that the solar collector does not move with the sun's orientation. The development of an automatic tracking system for cylindrical parabolic collectors will increase solar collection and the efficiency of devices. The present study of this project work presents an experimental platform based on the design, development, and performance characteristic of water heating by tracking solar cylindrical parabolic concentrating system. The tracking mechanism is to be made by stepper motor arrangement to receive the maximum possible energy of solar radiation as it tracks the sun's path. The performance of the parabolic trough collectors is experimentally investigated with the water circulated as heat transfer fluid. The collector efficiency is calculated.
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2

Torres, Joao, Joao Fernandes, Carlos Fernandes, Branco Costa, Catarina Barata, and Joao Gomes. "Effect of the collector geometry in the concentrating photovoltaic thermal solar cell performance." Thermal Science 22, no. 5 (2018): 2243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci171231273t.

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The aim of this work is the redesign of the reflector geometry in hybrid concentrating collectors that are currently manufactured by SOLARUS Sunpower AB** to improve the energy efficiency of their solar collectors. The analysis is first accomplished using a numerical model that uses geometrical optics to study the interaction between the sunlight and a concentrating collector along the year. More complex physical models based on open-source and advanced object-oriented Monte Carlo ray tracing programs (SolTrace, Tonatiuh) have been used to study the relation between the collector annual performance and its geometry. On an annual performance basis, a comparative analysis between several solar collector geometries was effectuated to search for higher efficiencies but with controlled costs. Results show that efficiency is deeply influenced by reflector geometry details, collector tilt and location (latitude, longitude) of the solar panel installation and, mostly, by costumer demands. Undoubtedly, the methodology presented in this paper for the design of the solar collector represents an important tool to optimize the binomial cost/effectiveness photovoltaic performance in the energy conversion process. The results also indicate that some modified concentrating solar collectors are promising when evaluating the yearly averaged energy produced per unit area, leading to evident improvements in the performance when compared to the current standard solar concentrating SOLARUS systems. Increases of about 50% (from 0.123 kW/m2 to 0.1832 kW/m2) were obtained for the yearly average collected power per reflector area when decreasing the collector height in 3.5% (from 143 mm to 138 mm).
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3

Goodman, Joel H. "Architectonic Studies with Selected Reflector Concentrating Solar Collectors." Journal of Green Building 2, no. 2 (May 1, 2007): 78–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.2.2.78.

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Solar concentrating collectors with reflectors are a developing technology for thermal applications that can be useful to avoid fossil fuel greenhouse gas emissions, reduce demand for imported fuels and lessen biomass burning. The selected reflector concentrators for building integration studies are: fixed nonimaging compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) E-W line troughs, (building interior with evacuated tubes [ET] for the Temperate Zone, and exterior for the Tropics) with N-S involutes and adjustable end “wall” reflector options; and two-axis tracking small heliostats central receiver tower systems. When these reflector concentrating collector systems are integrated within building form, structure, and site planning, they are one of the main organizing design influences—an essential aspect of conceptual design. Schematic architectonic design studies are presented for mid temperature process heat applications beyond temperatures delivered with typical flat-plate thermal collectors (>≈80°C/176°F). Relations between: solar collector technologies, CPC optical characterization, daylighting, building structure, construction, site planning, and interior space usage are discussed for selected building types. These include CPC solar community and institutional kitchens for the Tropics, and house-size verification facilities with building interior ET and reflectors for the Temperate Zone.
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4

Malato, S., J. Blanco, C. Richter, D. Curcó, and J. Giménez. "Low-concentrating CPC collectors for photocatalytic water detoxification: comparison with a medium concentrating solar collector." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 4 (February 1, 1997): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0109.

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The photocatalytic oxidation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol (DCP), using TiO2 suspensions under solar radiation, has been studied at pilot-plant scale at the Plataforma Solar de Almería (PSA). Two different reactor designs were tested: a medium concentrating radiation system called a Parabolic-Trough-Collector Reactor, PTCR, equipped with two motors (azimuth and elevation) to adjust the position of the module perpendicular to the sun, and a low-concentrating radiation system, the Compound-Parabolic-Concentrator Reactor, CPCR, facing south and inclined 37 degrees. Substrates were dissolved in water to required mg L−1 levels in a reservoir tank. In both cases, 0.2 g L−1 of the suspended TiO2 catalyst was used in a 250 L solution of the contaminant, which was recirculated through the photoreactors using a centrifugal pump and an intermediate reservoir tank. The advantages and disadvantages of the two types of photoreactors in DCP oxidation are compared and discussed. The strong potential of photocatalytic peroxydisulphate-assisted degradation in high DCP concentrations was demonstrated in both systems, and chemical actinometry (the decomposition reaction of oxalic acid by radiated uranyl salts) in the CPC reactor is compared with the results obtained in the PTC.
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5

Imadojemu, H. E. "Concentrating parabolic collectors: A patent survey." Energy Conversion and Management 36, no. 4 (April 1995): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(94)00058-8.

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6

Riveros, H. G., and A. I. Oliva. "Graphical analysis of sun concentrating collectors." Solar Energy 36, no. 4 (1986): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(86)90149-0.

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7

Kousar, Rubeena, and Muzaffar Ali. "Annual transient simulations and experimental investigation of a hybrid flat plate and evacuated tube collectors array in subtropical climate." Thermal Science 24, no. 2 Part B (2020): 1435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190623421k.

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Анотація:
Non-concentrating solar thermal collectors are being used for various heating and cooling applications. Flat plate collectors and evacuated tube collectors are extensively being used in this regard and their hybrid configuration could be an energy efficient solution. In the current work, model-based transient simulation approach is implemented using TRNSYS to decide the optimal number of flat plate collectors. Detailed experimental analysis of standalone and hybrid configurations of flat plate collectors and evacuated tube collectors is performed under real climate conditions of Taxila, Pakistan. Experimental tests have been conducted to analyze the system performance in terms of energy and exergy efficiencies. Afterwards, annual transient simulations are performed for whole year to determine the overall performance of the hybrid system. The maximum average temperature difference per unit area for flat plate collectors, evacuated tube collectors, and hybrid collector array was found to be 0.95?C, 1.67?C, and 0.98?C, respectively. The maximum energy and exergy efficiency were found 65%, 41% for flat plate collectors, 88.36%, 60 % for evacuated tube collectors, and 62.14%,42% for hybrid collector, while 10% increase in energy efficiency of hybrid collector array is found as compared to the standalone flat plate collectors. Average 9.78% deviation is observed in experimental and model-based efficiency. Finally, annual simulations show that hybrid collector array is 16% more efficient than standalone flat plate collectors throughout the year.
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8

Natarajan, M., and T. Srinivas. "Design and analysis of a gravity-based passive tracking mechanism to a linear solar concentrating collector." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 231, no. 13 (March 7, 2016): 2503–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406216637634.

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A novel gravity-based power-free solar tracking mechanism has been developed to track a linear solar concentrating collector. Multireflector compound parabolic collectors having three parabolic segments and two flat surfaces is chosen due to its high intercept factor and suitability to the current tracking. The working of tracking mechanism is studied to find the tracking loads in the east and the west sides of collector. A generalized mathematical model is derived to simulate the tracking motion from the sunrise to sunset. The identified design variants are sprocket wheel diameter, spring stiffness, solar collector’s weight, counter balance, and tracking wheel radius. The spring length is derived from the constraints. To make a compact product, the tracking load has been minimized at large sprocket wheel, low stiff spring, lighter collector weight, and small radius of tracking. For a typical collector load of 50 kg, the designed tracking load is 50 kg with 620 mm spring length, 250 mm of sprocket wheel diameter and 60 mm tracking radius.
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9

Qin, Jiyun, Eric Hu, Graham J. Nathan, and Lei Chen. "Concentrating or non-concentrating solar collectors for solar Aided Power Generation?" Energy Conversion and Management 152 (November 2017): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.09.054.

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10

Franc, F., V. Jirka, M. Malý, and B. Nábělek. "Concentrating collectors with flat linear fresnel lenses." Solar & Wind Technology 3, no. 2 (January 1986): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0741-983x(86)90017-2.

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Дисертації з теми "Concentrating collectors"

1

Veslum, Trygve Stansberg. "Absorber for concentrating solar heat collectors." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-14202.

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Open volumetric absorbers have been tested and evaluated with the objective to determine their ability to heat air for small scale concentrating solar systems, more exactly a solar oven where a stove is heated up by a rock bed storage provided with air above 220°C. The absorbers were tested in terms of different size, shape and material. Heating up air to the target temperature has been a challenge for years, but was achieved with good margin with an experimental setup based on the flaws of previous test setups. At a concentration factor of 300 and a parabolic dish aperture area of 1.07 m2, steady state air temperatures at 300°C were achieved with a stainless steel fiber mesh absorber and a silicon carbide honeycomb absorber which has been exposed for extensively testing in solar towers. The air temperatures were achieved at a flow rate of 1.96*10^-3 kg/s, and as the flow rate was increased the air temperature decreased. At increased flow rate the absorber temperature was reduced and caused less radiation and convection loss which resulted in increased heat transfer between absorber and air. Efficiency defined as air energy increase through absorber divided by the normal direct solar irradiance ranges between 50 % and 80 %, where the efficiency peaked at the highest flow rate employed during the tests. The greatest average air temperature measured was 350°C which was achieved by employment of the honeycomb absorber at a concentration factor of 600 and a mass flow of 1.5*10^-3 kg/s.
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2

Zäll, Erik. "Electroplating of selective surfaces for concentrating solar collectors." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136425.

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Анотація:
The optical properties of the absorber pipe in a parabolic trough collector isessential for the performance of the solar collector. The desirable propertiesare high absorptance (α) of solar radiation and low emittance (ε) of thermalradiation. A surface with these properties is known as a solar selective surface. There are several techniques used to produce selective surfaces, but one of the most common ones is electroplating. Research done by Vargas, indicates that optical properties of α = 0.98 and ε = 0.03 [1], which is superior to the best commercial alternatives (α = 0.95 and ε = 0.04 [2]), can be achieved by electroplating a Co-Cr coating on a stainless steel substrate. Additionally, Vargas used an electrolyte of trivalent chromium dissolved in a deep eutectic solvent, as opposed to the traditionally used aqueous electrolytes containing hexavalent chromium, which is toxic and carcinogenic. In this project, a coating of Co-Cr was electroplated on a stainless steel substratewith a method similar to that of Vargas in order to obtain a solar selective surface. The electrolyte was composed of ethylene glycol, choline chloride, CrCl3•6H2O and CoCl2•6H2O in a molar ratio of 16:1:0.4:0.2. The plating process was conducted using chronoamperometric electrodeposition with an applied potential of -1.2 V (against an Ag/AgCl reference electrode) for 15 min. The system was investigated using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV). The total absorptance was measured using UV-Vis spectroscopy, while the emittance was measured using an IR-thermometer. The microstructure and chemical composition was investigated using Scanning ElectronMicroscopy (SEM), Focused Ion Beam (FIB), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. The thermal stability of the coating was investigated by exposingit to 400°C in air for 24 h. The electroplated coating is approximately 2.8 μm thick and exhibits a porousstructure with a surface of fine fiber-like flakes. The coating consists largely of Co hydroxides with low concentrations of Cr compounds, Co oxides and metallic Co. Hence, a satisfactory co-deposition was not accomplished, as the Cr concentration is low. The coating is not thermally stable up to 400°C, exhibiting signs of at least partially melting in the annealing process. The compounds in the coating were largely oxidized in the process. The electroplated surface does however exhibits strong selectivity, with a total solar absorptance of α = 0.952 and total emittance of ε = 0.32 at 160°C.
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3

Coventry, Joseph Sydney. "A solar concentrating photovoltaic/thermal collector /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20041019.152046/index.html.

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4

Prapas, D. E. "Design and performance of line-axis concentrating solar-energy collectors." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380719.

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5

Hess, Stefan. "Low-concentrating, stationary solar thermal collectors for process heat generation." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10874.

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Анотація:
The annual gain of stationary solar thermal collectors can be increased by non-focusing reflectors. Such concentrators make use of diffuse irradiance. A collector’s incidence angle modifier for diffuse (diffuse-IAM) accounts for this utilization. The diffuse irra-diance varies over the collector hemisphere, which dynamically influences the diffuse-IAM. This is not considered by state-of-the-art collector models. They simply calculate with one constant IAM value for isotropic diffuse irradiance from sky and ground. This work is based on the development of a stationary, double-covered process heat flat-plate collector with a one-sided, segmented booster reflector (RefleC). This reflector approximates one branch of a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC). Optical meas-urement results of the collector components as well as raytracing results of different variants are given. The thermal and optical characterization of test samples up to 190 °C in an outdoor laboratory as well as the validation of the raytracing are discussed. A collector simulation model with varying diffuse-IAM is described. Therein, ground reflected and sky diffuse irradiance are treated separately. Sky diffuse is weighted with an anisotropic IAM, which is re-calculated in every time step. This is realized by gener-ating an anisotropic sky radiance distribution with the model of Brunger and Hooper, and by weighting the irradiance from distinct sky elements with their raytraced beam-IAM values. According to the simulations, the RefleC booster increases the annual out-put of the double-covered flat-plate in Würzburg, Germany, by 87 % at a constant inlet temperature of 120 °C and by 20 % at 40 °C. Variations of the sky diffuse-IAM of up to 25 % during one day are found. A constant, isotropic diffuse-IAM would have under-valued the gains from the booster by 40 % at 40 °C and by 20 % at 120 °C. The results indicate that the gain of all non-focusing solar collectors is undervalued when constant, isotropic diffuse-IAMs calculated from raytracing or steady-state test data are used. Process heat generation with RefleC is demonstrated in a monitored pilot plant at work-ing temperatures of up to 130 °C. The measured annual system utilization ratio is 35 %. Comparing the gains at all inlet temperatures above 80 °C, the booster increases the an-nual output of the double-covered flat-plates by 78 %. Taking all inlet temperatures, the total annual gains of RefleC are 39 % above that of the flat-plates without reflectors. A qualitative comparison of the new simulation model results to the laboratory results and monitoring data shows good agreement. It is shown that the accuracy of existing collector models can be increased with low effort by calculating separate isotropic IAMs for diffuse sky and ground reflected irradiance. The highest relevance of this work is seen for stationary collectors with very distinctive radiation acceptance.
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6

Hess, Stefan [Verfasser]. "Low-Concentrating, Stationary Solar Thermal Collectors for Process Heat Generation / Stefan Hess." Aachen : Shaker, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1071528009/34.

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7

Kothdiwala, Ahmed Farouk. "Simulation and optimisation of asymmetric and symmetric compound parabolic concentrating solar collectors." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243738.

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8

Nyberg, Fanny. "Evaluation of Convection Suppressor for Concentrating Solar Collectors with a Parabolic Trough." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-148543.

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Absolicon Solar Collector AB in Härnösand, Sweden, develops concentrating solar collectors with a parabolic trough. In the solar collector trough, there is thermal loss due to convection. A convection suppressor was made and used as a method to reduce thermal loss due to convection in the trough. The objective of the project was to evaluate the convection suppressor for solar collectors with a parabolic trough and its impact on the performance (thermal loss characteristics) in two different orientations of the trough, horizontal and inclined. The performance of the solar collector was first measured without the convection suppressor; these results were compared to two previous quasi-dynamical tests of the solar collector performance made by two different institutes, Research Institute of Sweden and SPF Institut für Solartechnik (Switzerland). The comparison was made to validate the test results from the tests without the convection suppressor, which matched. Secondly, when the convection suppressor was made and tested in the two different orientations, the results of the performance with and without the convection suppressor was evaluated as well as the convection suppressor itself. The results showed a significant improvement of the solar collector performance in the aspect of reduced thermal loss when the convection suppressor was used, hence higher efficiency.
Absolicon Solar Collector AB I Härnösand, Sverige, utvecklar koncentrerande solfångare med ett paraboliskt tråg. I solfångarens tråg uppstår termiska förluster som en följd av konvektion. En konvektionsreducerare tillverkades och användes som metod för att minska de termiska förlusterna i tråget. Målet med projektet var att testa och utvärdera konvektionsreduceraren för koncentrerande solfångare med ett paraboliskt tråg samt dess inverkan på verkningsgraden i två olika positioner för tråget, horisontell och lutande. För att kunna mäta konvektionsreducerarens inverkan på solfångaren mättes först solfångarens prestanda utan konvektionsreduceraren i de två olika positionerna, detta resultat användes som referens efter validering. Valideringen gjordes genom att resultatet jämfördes sedan med två andra prestandamätningar (quasi-dynamical test) av solfångaren gjorda av två olika institut, Research Institute of Sweden och SPF Institut für Solartechnik (Schweiz). Därefter, när konvektionsreduceraren var tillverkat och testad i de olika positionerna på samma sätt som mätningarna utan konvektionsreducerare, jämfördes resultaten med och utan konvektionsreducerareet samt att en utvärdering gjordes av dess inverkan. Resultatet visade en signifikant förbättring av solfångarens prestanda i form av minskade termiska förluster när konvektionsreduceraren användes och därav ökad verkningsgrad.
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Nkwettadan, Nchelatebe. "Design, Development and Experimental Characterisation of Concentrating Solar Collectors for Medium Temperature Applications." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.523151.

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10

Usta, Yasemin. "Simulations Of A Large Scale Solar Thermal Power Plant In Turkey Using Concentrating Parabolic Trough Collectors." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612800/index.pdf.

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In this study, the theoretical performance of a concentrating solar thermal electric system (CSTES) using a field of parabolic trough collectors (PTC) is investigated. The commercial software TRNSYS and the Solar Thermal Electric Components (STEC) library are used to model the overall system design and for simulations. The model was constructed using data from the literature for an existing 30-MW solar electric generating system (SEGS VI) using PTC&rsquo
s in Kramer Junction, California. The CSTES consists of a PTC loop that drives a Rankine cycle with superheat and reheat, 2-stage high and 5-stage low pressure turbines, 5-feedwater heaters and a dearator. As a first approximation, the model did not include significant storage or back-up heating. The model&rsquo
s predictions were benchmarked against published data for the system in California for a summer day. Good agreement between the model&rsquo
s predictions and published data were found, with errors usually less than 10%. Annual simulations were run using weather data for both California and Antalya, Turkey. The monthly outputs for the system in California and Antalya are compared both in terms of absolute monthly outputs and in terms of ratios of minimum to maximum monthly outputs. The system in Antalya is found to produce30 % less energy annually than the system in California. The ratio of the minimum (December) to maximum (July) monthly energy produced in Antalya is 0.04.
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Книги з теми "Concentrating collectors"

1

Goodman, Joel H. Solar concentrating architectonics. Spring Green, Wis: HANDance Designs, 1993.

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2

Heggen, Philip M. Solar concentrating mirrors: A technology coming of age. Menlo Park, Calif: Energy General Press, 1988.

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3

Marion, William. Solar radiation data manual for flat-plate and concentrating collectors. Golden, Colo: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1994.

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4

G, Flamant, Ferriére A, Pharabod François, and International Symposium on Solar Thermal Concentrating Technologies (9th : 1998 : Font-Romeu, France), eds. Solar thermal concentrating technologies: Proceedings of the 9th SolarPACES Internatinoal Symposium on Solar Thermal Concentrating Technologies : STCT 9 : Font-Romeu, France, 22-26 June, 1998. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 1999.

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5

M, Becker, Böhmer M, Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt., and International Symposium on Solar Thermal Concentrating Technologies (8th : 1996 : Cologne, Germany), eds. Solar thermal concentrating technologies: Proceedings of the 8th international symposium, October 6-11, 1996, Köln, Germany. Heidelberg: C.F. Müller, 1997.

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6

National Renewable Energy Laboratory (U.S.), ed. Concentrating solar power: Best practices handbook for the collection and use of solar resource data. Golden, Colo: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2010.

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7

Ong, Guan K. Effects of collector and cyanide concentrations on the CU-NI bulk flotation of Inco ore. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, School of Engineering, 1985.

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8

Bahri͡anyĭ, Ivan. Z kamery smertnykiv: Huli͡aĭ-pole ; Morituri. Lʹviv: Vyd-vo "SPOLOM", 2000.

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9

Winston, Roland, and Jeffrey M. Gordon. Nonimaging optics: Efficient design for illumination and solar concentration VII : 1-2 and 4 August 2010, San Diego, California, United States. Edited by SPIE (Society). Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2010.

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10

Winston, Roland. Nonimaging optics: Efficient design for illumination and solar concentration VI : 2-4 August 2009, San Diego, Californina, United States. Edited by SPIE (Society). Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2009.

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Частини книг з теми "Concentrating collectors"

1

Rabl, A. "Concentrating Solar Collectors." In Advances in Solar Energy, 405–81. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9951-3_8.

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2

Fortuin, Stefan, and Gerhard Stryi-Hipp. "Solar Collectors solar collector , Non-concentrating solar collector non-concentrating." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 9449–69. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_681.

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Fortuin, Stefan, and Gerhard Stryi-Hipp. "Solar Collectors solar collector , Non-concentrating solar collector non-concentrating." In Solar Energy, 378–98. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5806-7_681.

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Norton, Brian. "Line-Axis Concentrating Collectors." In Solar Energy Thermal Technology, 117–47. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1742-1_8.

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Garg, H. P. "Solar Energy Concentrating Collectors." In Advances in Solar Energy Technology, 124–258. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0659-9_2.

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Fortuin, Stefan, Gerhard Stryi-Hipp, Wolfgang Kramer, and Korbinian Kramer. "Solar Collectors, Non-concentrating." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology Series, 351–71. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1422-8_681.

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Fortuin, Stefan, Gerhard Stryi-Hipp, Wolfgang Kramer, and Korbinian Kramer. "Solar Collectors, Non-concentrating." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 1–21. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_681-3.

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Çakaloz, T. "Slightly Concentrating Solar Collectors." In Solar Energy Utilization, 214–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3631-7_10.

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Fortuin, Stefan, Gerhard Stryi-Hipp, Wolfgang Kramer, and Korbinian Kramer. "Solar Collectors, Non-concentrating." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 1–21. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_681-3.

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Zarea, M., and E. Mayer. "Second Law Optimization Procedure for Concentrating Collectors." In Solar Energy Utilization, 255–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3631-7_12.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Concentrating collectors"

1

Marston, A. J., K. J. Daun, and M. R. Collins. "Geometric Optimization of Concentrating Solar Collectors Using Monte Carlo Simulation." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10523.

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This paper presents an optimization methodology for designing linear concentrating solar collectors. The proposed algorithm makes intelligent design updates to the collector surface geometry according to specialized numerical algorithms. The process is much more efficient than traditional “trial-and-error” methods, producing a final solution that is near-optimal. A Monte Carlo technique is used to quantify the performance of the collector design in terms of an objective function, which is then minimized using a modified Kiefer-Wolfowitz algorithm that uses sample size and step size controls. The methodology is applied to the design of a linear parabolic concentrating collector, successfully arriving at the known optimal solution.
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2

Gee, Randy, Gilbert Cohen, and Roland Winston. "A Nonimaging Receiver for Parabolic Trough Concentrating Collectors." In ASME Solar 2002: International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2002-1062.

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The design of a nonimaging secondary reflector as part of a parabolic trough receiver has been developed and evaluated. A detailed optical model was used for evaluation, which offered insight into the optical performance of the secondary and showed that the design offers about a 1% net increase in optical efficiency. In addition, the secondary was estimated to reduce heat loss from a high-performance evacuated receiver by about 4%. Overall, the net performance advantage of the secondary reflector is calculated to be 1.4%, that is, the entire trough collector field would have a 1.4% greater annual thermal energy output. This performance increase is small, but the non-imaging secondary also achieves other indirect benefits such as better flux uniformity around the absorber tube, and increased tolerance of parabolic trough collectors to optical errors.
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3

Qin, J., Eric Hu, and Shengcao Yuan. "Concentrating or Non-Concentrating Solar Collectors for Solar Aided Power Generation?" In ISES Solar World Congress 2015. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/swc.2015.04.18.

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4

Khullar, Vikrant, Himanshu Tyagi, Patrick E. Phelan, Todd P. Otanicar, Harjit Singh, and Robert A. Taylor. "Solar Energy Harvesting Using Nanofluids-Based Concentrating Solar Collector." In ASME 2012 Third International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2012-75329.

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Dispersing trace amounts of nanoparticles into the base-fluid has significant impact on the optical as well as thermo-physical properties of the base-fluid. This characteristic can be utilized in effectively capturing as well as transporting the solar radiant energy. Enhancement of the solar irradiance absorption capacity of the base fluid scales up the heat transfer rate resulting in higher & more efficient heat transfer. This paper attempts to introduce the idea of harvesting the solar radiant energy through usage of nanofluid-based concentrating parabolic solar collectors. In order to theoretically analyze the nanofluid-based concentrating parabolic solar collector (NCPSC) it has been mathematically modeled, and the governing equations have been numerically solved using finite difference technique. The results of the model were compared with the experimental results of conventional concentrating parabolic solar collectors under similar conditions. It was observed that while maintaining the same external conditions (such as ambient/inlet temperatures, wind speed, solar insolation, flow rate, concentration ratio etc.) the NCPSC has about 5–10% higher efficiency as compared to the conventional parabolic solar collector. Furthermore, some parametric studies were carried out which reflected the effect of various parameters such as solar insolation, incident angle, convective heat transfer coefficient etc. on the performance indicators such as thermal efficiency etc.
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5

Sayyah, Arash, Mark N. Horenstein, and Malay K. Mazumder. "Mitigation of soiling losses in concentrating solar collectors." In 2013 IEEE 39th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2013.6744194.

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6

Zirkel-Hofer, Annie, Korbinian Kramer, Anna Heimsath, Stephan Scholl, and Werner Platzer. "Dynamic performance evaluation of line-concentrating steam collectors." In SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5067036.

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7

Zäll, Erik, Andreas Nordenström, Jonatan Mossegård, and Thomas Wågberg. "Electroplating of Selective Surfaces for Concentrating Solar Collectors." In ISES EuroSun 2018 Conference – 12th International Conference on Solar Energy for Buildings and Industry. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/eurosun2018.10.09.

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8

Marston, A. J., K. J. Daun, and M. R. Collins. "Geometrical Optimization of Solar Concentrating Collectors Through Quasi-Monte Carlo Simulation." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23389.

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Monte Carlo (MC) ray-tracing simulation coupled with stochastic programming has recently been shown to be a powerful technique for optimizing the design of solar concentrating collectors, but this procedure is complicated by the statistical uncertainty that MC introduces into the objective function. This paper shows how using quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) methods instead of MC to simulate radiation heat transfer reduces these uncertainties, allowing the Kiefer-Wolfowitz technique to perform required gradient estimations using much smaller sample sizes. Consequently, QMC greatly increases the computational speed of the overall concentrating collector design optimization algorithm. In an attempt to ensure that the minimum required sample size is used at each design iteration, a novel condition-based iterative approach is introduced which starts at a low sample size and increases in a logarithmic manner until the estimate reaches the required degree of accuracy.
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Chen, Daniel T., Glenn Reynolds, Allison Gray, Ben Ihas, Gary Curtis, Attila Molnar, Dean Hackbarth, and Robert Vezzuto. "Next Generation Parabolic Trough Solar Collectors for CSP." In ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91511.

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In order for Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) to become a significant contributor to utility scale baseload power, dramatic reductions in cost and increases in performance must be achieved. 3M Company and Gossamer Space Frames have developed advanced collectors that are centered on a step-change in solar technology aimed at transforming the economics and industrialization of CSP. In particular, we focus on mirror film based reflective materials, stiff and shape accurate panel constructions, and lightweight and accurate space frames. These technology elements have been combined into a new parabolic collector design with an aperture of 7.3 m and length of 12 m. The geometric concentration ratio of the design is 103, far exceeding current designs. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has measured an intercept factor exceeding 99% on the subject collector fielded at SEGS II (Daggett, CA). The successful implementation of this technology platform has implications for new solar collector designs for both point and line focus systems.
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10

Mahendra, Prashant, Vikrant Khullar, and Madhup Mittal. "Applicability of Heat Mirrors in Reducing Thermal Losses in Concentrating Solar Collectors." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66565.

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Flux distribution around the parabolic trough receiver being typically non-uniform, only a certain portion of the receiver circumference receives the concentrated solar irradiance. However, radiative and convective losses occur across the entire receiver circumference. This paper attempts to introduce the idea employing transparent heat mirror to effectively reduce the heat loss area and thus improve the thermal efficiency of the solar collector. Transparent heat mirror essentially has high transmissivity in the solar irradiance wavelength band and high reflectivity in the mid-infrared region thus it allows the solar irradiance to pass through but reflects the infrared radiation back to the solar selective metal tube. Practically, this could be realized if certain portion of the conventional low iron glass envelope is coated with Sn-In2O3 so that its acts as a heat mirror. In the present study, a parabolic receiver design employing the aforesaid concept has been proposed. Detailed heat transfer model has been formulated. The results of the model were compared with the experimental results of conventional concentrating parabolic trough solar collectors in the literature. It was observed that while maintaining the same external conditions (such as ambient/initial temperatures, wind speed, solar insolation, flow rate, concentration ratio etc.) the heat mirror-based parabolic trough concentrating solar collector has about 3–12% higher thermal efficiency as compared to the conventional parabolic solar collector. Furthermore, steady state heat transfer analysis reveals that depending on the solar flux distribution there is an optimum circumferential angle (θ = θoptimum, where θ is the heat mirror circumferential angle) up to which the glass envelope should be coated with Sn-In2O3. For angles higher than the optimum angle, the collector efficiency tends to decrease owing to increase in optical losses.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Concentrating collectors"

1

Fischer, Stephan, Peter Kovacs, Carsten Lampe, and Enric Mateu Serrats. White Paper on Concentrating Collectors. IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programme, May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task43-2013-0001.

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2

Dunlap, M. A., W. Marion, and S. Wilcox. Solar radiation data manual for flat-plate and concentrating collectors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10169141.

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3

Hunter, Scott. Low-cost self-cleaning reflector coatings for concentrating solar power collectors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1505187.

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4

Zirkel-Hofer, Annie, Stephen Perry, Sven Fahr, Korbinian Kramer, Anna Heimsath, Stephan Scholl, and Werner Platzer. Improved in situ performance testing of line-concentrating solar collectors: Comprehensive uncertainty analysis for the selection of measurement instrumentation. IEA SHC Task 55, October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task55-2016-0001.

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Анотація:
Accurate and complete performance evaluation is playing a major role in the further development of concentrating solar collectors. To ensure dependable test results, an appropriate testing and evaluation procedure is required. Moreover, the selection and installation of suitable measurement instrumentation are essential for obtaining reliable data for the performance evaluation. The quality of the measurement instrumentation greatly influences the representativeness of the test results. Details on the measurement instrumentation recommended for the testing of low-temperature solar collectors have already been provided in the testing standard EN ISO 9806:2013.
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5

Leonard, J., R. Diver, and T. Mancini. Proceedings of the concentrating solar collector workshop: Key technical issues. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6446175.

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6

Ma, R. Wind effects on convective heat loss from a cavity receiver for a parabolic concentrating solar collector. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10192244.

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7

Haeckel, Matthias, and Peter Linke. RV SONNE Fahrtbericht/Cruise Report SO268 - Assessing the Impacts of Nodule Mining on the Deep-sea Environment: NoduleMonitoring, Manzanillo (Mexico) – Vancouver (Canada), 17.02. – 27.05.2019. GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/geomar_rep_ns_59_20.

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Cruise SO268 is fully integrated into the second phase of the European collaborative JPI-Oceans project MiningImpact and is designed to assess the environmental impacts of deep-sea mining of polymetallic nodules in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ). In particular, the cruise aimed at conducting an independent scientific monitoring of the first industrial test of a pre-protoype nodule collector by the Belgian company DEME-GSR. The work includes collecting the required baseline data in the designated trial and reference sites in the Belgian and German contract areas, a quantification of the spatial and temporal spread of the produced sediment plume during the trials as well as a first assessment of the generated environmental impacts. However, during SO268 Leg 1 DEME-GSR informed us that the collector trials would not take place as scheduled due to unresolvable technical problems. Thus, we adjusted our work plan accordingly by implementing our backup plan. This involved conducting a small-scale sediment plume experiment with a small chain dredge to quantify the spatial and temporal dispersal of the suspended sediment particles, their concentration in the plume as well as the spatial footprint and thickness of the deposited sediment blanket on the seabed.
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8

Taylor, S., J. Lever, K. Burgess, R. Stroud, D. Brownlee, L. Nittler, A. Bardyn, et al. Sampling interplanetary dust from Antarctic air. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43345.

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We built a collector to filter interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) larger than 5 µm from the clean air at the Amundsen Scott South Pole station. Our sampling strategy used long duration, continuous dry filtering of near-surface air in place of short duration, high-speed impact collection on flags flown in the stratosphere. We filtered ~107 m³ of clean Antarctic air through 20 cm diameter, 3 µm filters coupled to a suction blower of modest power consumption (5–6 kW). Our collector ran continuously for 2 years and yielded 41 filters for analyses. Based on stratospheric concentrations, we predicted that each month’s collection would provide 300–900 IDPs for analysis. We identified 19 extraterrestrial (ET) particles on the 66 cm² of filter examined, which represented ~0.5% of the exposed filter surfaces. The 11 ET particles larger than 5 µm yield about a fifth of the expected flux based on >5 µm stratospheric ET particle flux. Of the 19 ET particles identified, four were chondritic porous IDPs, seven were FeNiS beads, two were FeNi grains, and six were chondritic material with FeNiS components. Most were <10 µm in diameter and none were cluster particles. Additionally, a carbon-rich candidate particle was found to have a small ¹⁵N isotopic enrichment, supporting an ET origin. Many other candidate grains, including chondritic glasses and C-rich particles with Mg and Si and FeS grains, require further analysis to determine if they are ET. The vast majority of exposed filter surfaces remain to be examined.
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9

Knight, R. D., and H. A. J. Russell. Quantifying the invisible: pXRF analyses of three boreholes, British Columbia and Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331176.

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Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) technology collects geochemical data at a fraction of the cost of traditional laboratory methods. Although the pXRF spectrometer provides concentrations for 41 elements, only a subset of these elements meet the criteria for definitive, quantitative, and qualitative data. However, high-quality pXRF data obtained by correct application of analytical protocols, can provide robust insight to stratigraphy and sediment characteristics that are often not observed by, for example, visual core logging, grain size analysis, and geophysical logging. We present examples of geochemical results obtained from pXRF analysis of drill core samples from three boreholes located in Canada, that demonstrate: 1) Definitive stratigraphic boundaries observed in geochemical changes obtained from 380 analyses collected over 150 m of core, which intersects three Ordovician sedimentary formations and Precambrian granite. These boundaries could not be reconciled by traditional visual core logging methods. 2) Significant elemental concentration changes observed in 120 samples collected in each of two ~120 m deep boreholes located in a confined paleo-glacial foreland basin. The collected geochemical data provide insight to sediment provenance and stratigraphic relationships that were previously unknown. 3) Abrupt changes in the geochemical signature in a subset of 135 samples collected from a 151 m deep borehole intersecting Quaternary glacial derived till, sands, and ahomogeneous silt and clay succession. These data provide a platform for discussion on ice sheet dynamics, changes in depositional setting, and changes in provenance. Results from each of these studies highlights previously unknown (invisible) geological information revealed through geochemical analyses. A significant benefit of using pXRF technology is refining sampling strategies in near real time and the ability to increase sample density at geochemical boundaries with little increase in analysis time or budget. The data also provide an opportunity to establish a chemostratigraphic framework that complements other stratigraphic correlation techniques, including geophysical methods. Overall, data collected with pXRF technology provide new insights into topics such as spatial correlations, facies changes, provenance changes, and depositional environment changes.
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10

Edeh, Henry C. Assessing the Equity and Redistributive Effects of Taxation Reforms in Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.020.

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Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of poverty and inequality reduction through redistribution have indeed become critical concerns in many low- and middle-income countries, including Nigeria. Although redistribution results from the effect of tax revenue collections, micro household-level empirical analyses of the distributional effect of personal income tax (PIT) and value added tax (VAT) reforms in Nigeria have been scarcely carried out. This study for the first time quantitatively assessed both the equity and redistributive effects of PIT and VAT across different reform scenarios in Nigeria. Data used in this study was mainly drawn from the most recent large scale nationally representative Nigeria Living Standard Survey, conducted in 2018/2019. The Kakwani Index was used to calculate and compare the progressivity of PIT and VAT reforms. A simple static micro-simulation model was employed in assessing the redistributive effect of PIT and VAT reforms in the country. After informality has been accounted for, the PIT was found to be progressive in the pre- 2011 tax scheme, but turned regressive in the post-2011 tax scheme. It was also discovered that the newly introduced lump sum relief allowance in the post-2011 PIT scheme accrues more to the high-income than to the low-income taxpayers – confirming the regressivity of the current PIT scheme. However, the study further shows (through counterfactual simulations) that excluding the relatively high-income taxpayers from sharing in the variable part of the lump sum relief allowance makes PIT progressive in the post-2011 scheme. The VAT was uncovered to be regressive both in the pre-2020 scheme, and in the current VAT reform scheme. Further, after putting informality into consideration, the PIT was found to marginally reduce inequality but increase poverty in the pre-2011 scheme. The post-2011 PIT scheme reduced inequality and increased poverty, but by a smaller proportion – confirming a limited redistribution mainly resulting from the concentration of the lump sum relief allowance at the top of the distribution. However, if the variable part of the lump sum relief allowance is provided for ‘only’ the low-income taxpayers below a predefined income threshold, the post-2011 PIT scheme becomes largely redistributive. VAT was uncovered to marginally increase inequality and poverty in the pre-2020 scheme. Though the current VAT scheme slightly increased inequality, it considerably increased poverty in the country. It is therefore suggested that a better tax reform, with well-regulated relief allowance and differentiated VAT rates, will help to enhance the equity and redistribution capacity of the Nigeria tax system.
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