Готові списки джерел за темами / Composition of biomass

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Composition of biomass"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Composition of biomass"

1

Széliová, D., D. Ruckerbauer, S. N. Galleguillos, M. Hanscho, and N. Borth. "Determination of CHO biomass composition." New Biotechnology 44 (October 2018): S144—S145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2018.05.1121.

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2

Herout, M., J. Malaťák, L. Kučera, and T. Dlabaja. "Biogas composition depending on the type of plant biomass used." Research in Agricultural Engineering 57, No. 4 (December 14, 2011): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/41/2010-rae.

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The aim of the work is to determine and analyse concentrations of individual biogas components according to the used raw materials based on plant biomass. The measurement is focused on biogas production depending on input raw materials like maize silage, grass haylage and rye grain. The total amount of plant biomass entering the fermenter during the measurement varies at around 40% w/w, the rest is liquid beef manure. The measured values are statistically evaluated and optimised for the subsequent effective operation of the biogas plant. A biogas plant operating on the principle of wet anaerobic fermentation process is used for the measurement. The biogas production takes place during the wet fermentation process in the mesophile operation at an average temperature of 40°C. The technology of the biogas plant is based on the principle of using two fermenters. It follows from the measured results that maize silage with liquid beef manure in the ratio of 40:60 can produce biogas with a high content of methane; this performance is not stable. At this concentration of input raw material, the formation of undesirable high concentrations of hydrogen sulphide occurs as well. It is shown from the results that the process of biogas production is stabilised by the addition of other components of plant biomass like grass haylage and rye grain and a limitation of the formation of hydrogen sulphide occurs. It follows from the results that the maize silage should form about 80% w/w from the total amount of the plant biomass used.
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SUBEKTI, NIKEN, Priyantini Widiyaningrum, Dodi Nandika, and Dedy Duryadi Solihin. "COLONY COMPOSITION AND BIOMASS OF MACROTERMES GILVUS HAGEN (BLATTODEA: TERMITIDAE) IN INDONESIA." IIUM Engineering Journal 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v20i1.1032.

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ABSTRACT: There is no study conducted to investigate the composition and biomass of Macrotermes gilvus Hagen in natural forest ecosystem. This study aimed to analyze the colony composition and biomass of M. gilvus Hagen colony in natural forest and to evaluate the need of food of the species as well as factors affecting it. Research was conducted in Yanlappa Sanctuary, Bogor, West Java. Termites were surveyed by collecting individual M. gilvus Hagen from different colony at different size of mound, small (0 – 0.99 m), medium (1- 1.99 m), large (? 2 m) and then were measured the number of individuals, wet and dry body mass, ratio of dry or wet body mass, and the average of biomass. Results indicated that the small mount was dominated by workers, whereas the medium and the large nest was dominated by nymph. Mean of the termite biomass was 936 kg/ha2. Average of termite biomass collected from large mount was 949.8 kg/km2, medium mount was 605.2 kg/ha2 and small mount was about 537.5 kg/ha2. Factor affecting the biomass of subterranean termite M. gilvus Hagen are food source, energy efficiency, predators, and environment. The presence of termite mounds influences natural ecosystem, but that the type of mound plays a crucial role in determining the nature of the effects. ABSTRAK: Kajian tentang komposisi koloni dan biomas anai-anai tanah M. gilvus Hagen di hutan alam belum pernah dilakukan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komposisi koloni dan biomas koloni anai-anai tanah M. gilvus Hagen di hutan alam dan menganalisa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemakanannya. Kajian ini dilakukan di Cagar Alam Yanlappa, Bogor, Jawa Barat. Hasil kaji selidik menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan koloni didasarkan pada ukuran tinggi sarang. Sarang kecil (0 – 0.99 m), sarang sedang (1- 1.99 m), dan sarang besar (? 2 m) dan ukuran berat basah, berat kering serta kadar berat basah atau berat kering, dan rata-rata biomas. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa sarang kecil didominasi oleh koloni pekerja, sementara itu sarang serdahana dan sarang besar didominasi oleh koloni nympha. Rata-rata biomas yang ditemukan untuk sarang besar 949.8 kg/ha2, sarang serdahana 605.2 kg/ha2, dan sarang kecil 537.5 kg/ha2. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi biomas anai-anai tanah M. gilvus Hagen adalah makanan, tenaga, pemangsa dan lingkungan. Kehadiran koloni anai-anai mempengaruhi ekosistem semulajadi, tetapi jenis koloni memainkan peranan penting dalam menentukan sifat kesannya.
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Machado, Henrique, Ana F. Cristino, Sofia Orišková, and Rui Galhano dos Santos. "Bio-Oil: The Next-Generation Source of Chemicals." Reactions 3, no. 1 (January 28, 2022): 118–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/reactions3010009.

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Bio-oil, although rich in chemical species, is primarily used as fuel oil, due to its greater calorific power when compared to the biomass from which it is made. The incomplete understanding of how to explore its chemical potential as a source of value-added chemicals and, therefore, a supply of intermediary chemical species is due to the diverse composition of bio-oil. Being biomass-based, making it subject to composition changes, bio-oil is obtained via different processes, the two most common being fast pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction. Different methods result in different bio-oil compositions even from the same original biomass. Understanding which biomass source and process results in a particular chemical makeup is of interest to those concerned with the refinement or direct application in chemical reactions of bio-oil. This paper presents a summary of published bio-oil production methods, origin biomass, and the resulting composition.
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Sari, Yessie W., Utami Syafitri, Johan P. M. Sanders, and Marieke E. Bruins. "How biomass composition determines protein extractability." Industrial Crops and Products 70 (August 2015): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.03.020.

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Vollenweider, Richard A. "Elemental and biochemical composition of plankton biomass; some comments and explorations." Archiv für Hydrobiologie 105, no. 1 (March 23, 1989): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/105/1989/11.

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Parmar, Kavita. "Biomass- An Overview on Composition Characteristics and Properties." IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2455-4499) 7, no. 1 (May 10, 2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jas.v7.n1.p4.

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<em>A general overview has been proposed for biomass composition, characteristics and property. Biomass is the combination of all organic materials that simplify referring to amount of animal and plant. Biomass materials are diverse, ranging from wood, bark, straw and other agricultural residues, grasses and off-spec grains. Despite of diversity the composition of most biomass materials is relatively uniform, when moisture has been excluded. Biomass burning emission is an important part of carbon and nitrogen cycle. The pollutants released by biomass burning varies depends upon the constituents of nitrogen sulphur and carbon. In this paper basic knowledge of biomass and comparative data regarding composition and characterization has been studied. </em>
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Riyanto, Hendi, Toto Hardianto, Willy Adriansyah, and Gavriel Y. Jeffry. "Studi Termodinamika Pembakaran Kombinasi Batu Bara dan Biomassa Limbah." JMPM (Jurnal Material dan Proses Manufaktur) 5, no. 2 (March 17, 2022): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jmpm.v5i2.13903.

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Pembakaran bersama batubara dan biomassa di pembangkit listrik tenaga batubara yang ada sedang dipertimbangkan sebagai alternatif yang layak untuk transisi pemanfaatan energi yang tidak terbarukan ke terbarukan. Dalam hal ini, berbagai penelitian telah dilakukan dalam dua puluh tahun terakhir, yang sebagian besar kesimpulan umum adalah bahwa efisiensi boiler menurun sehubungan dengan peningkatan persentase biomassa dalam co-firing, namun studi tambahan dianggap diperlukan, terutama untuk limbah biomassa yang melimpah di Indonesia. Biomassa limbah yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS), sekam padi, dan wood pellet yang dihasilkan dari serbuk gergaji. Karakteristik termodinamika pembakaran co-firing yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah air-to-fuel ratio (AFR), emisi CO2 pembakaran, dan temperatur nyala adiabatik. Sebuah open source Cool Prop formulasi sifat termodinamika diimplementasikan untuk mengevaluasi sifat termodinamika bahan yang sesuai yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa AFR menurun dengan bertambahnya komposisi biomassa dalam bahan bakar, dimana laju perubahan masing-masing AFR per persen biomassa adalah -0,018, -0,0406, dan -0,026 untuk campuran batubara-TKKS, batubara-sekam padi, dan batubara-kayu. Adapun karakteristik AFR, emisi karbon dioksida menurun dengan meningkatnya persen massa biomassa dalam komposisi bahan bakar. Laju perubahan CO2 sehubungan dengan persen biomassa dalam komposisi bahan bakar adalah masing-masing -6.3x10-3, -1.12x10-2, dan -6.48x10-3 untuk campuran batubara-TKKS, batubara-sekam padi, dan batubara-kayu. Suhu nyala adiabatik juga menurun sehubungan dengan peningkatan persentase massa biomassa dalam komposisi bahan bakar. Laju perubahan suhu nyala adiabatik dalam K/%biomassa berturut-turut adalah -13,93, -10,70, dan -12,81 untuk campuran TKKS batubara, sekam padi, dan kayu batubara.Co-firing of coal and biomass in an existing coal fired power plant is being considered as a viable alternative to transition from non-renewable-to-renewable energy utilization. In this regard, various researches have been conducted in the last twenty years, in most of which the general conclusion is that the boiler efficiency decreases with respect to increasing biomass percentage in co-firing, nonetheless, additional study is deemed to be required, especially for waste biomass which are abundantly available in Indonesia. The waste biomass to be employed in this study are palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), rice husk, and wood pellet produced from sawdust. Co-firing combustion thermodynamic characteristics which are to be deployed in this study are air-to-fuel ratio (AFR), combustion CO2 emission, and adiabatic flame temperature. An open source CoolProp of thermodynamics properties formulations were implemented in order to evaluate thermodynamic properties of corresponding materials involved in this study. The results of the study show that AFR decreases with increasing biomass composition in the fuel, where the AFR rate of change per percent of biomassa are -0.018, -0.0406, and -0.026 for blend of coal-EFB, coal-rice husk, and coal-wood, respectively. As to the AFR characteristic, the emission of carbon dioxide is decreasing with increasing percent mass of biomass in the fuel composition. The CO2 rate of change with respect to percent biomass in fuel composition are -6.3x10-3, -1.12x10-2, and -6.48x10-3 for the blend of coal-EFB, coal-rice husk, and coal-wood, respectively. The adiabatic flame temperature is also decreasing with respect to increasing biomass mass percentage in fuel composition. The adiabatic flame temperature rate of change in K/%biomass are -13.93, -10.70, and -12.81 for the blend of coal-EFB, coal-rice husk, and coal-wood, respectively.
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Zinicovscaia, Inga, Liliana Cepoi, Ludmila Rudi, Tatiana Chiriac, Nikita Yushin, and Dmitrii Grozdov. "Arthrospira platensis as Bioremediator of Rhenium Mono- and Polymetallic Synthetic Effluents." Microorganisms 10, no. 11 (October 26, 2022): 2109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10112109.

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Rhenium is a scarce and highly important metal for industry and technology. In the present study, the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) was used to remove rhenium and related elements (Mo and Cu) from mono- and polymetallic synthetic effluents. Metal ions in different concentrations were added to the culture medium on the first, third, and fifth days of biomass growth, and their uptake by the biomass was traced using ICP-AES technique. The accumulation of rhenium in the biomass was dependent on the chemical composition of the effluents, and the highest uptake of 161 mg/kg was achieved in the Re-Cu system. The presence of rhenium, copper, and molybdenum affected the productivity of Spirulina biomass and its biochemical composition (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, phycobiliproteins, the content of chlorophyll α and β-carotene). With the growth of biomass in the presence of rhenium or rhenium and molybdenum, a pronounced increase in productivity and protein content was observed. The presence of copper in systems has a negative effect on biomass productivity and biochemical composition. Arthrospira platensis may be of interest as a bioremediator of rhenium-containing effluents of various chemical compositions.
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Stolcvová, J., and A. Honěk. "Early weed succession on an abandoned field: vegetation composition and production of biomass." Plant Protection Science 35, No. 2 (January 1, 1999): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/9679-pps.

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We investigated the early stage (second to fourth year) of weed succession on an experimental fallow field in central Bohemia (western Czech Republic). The experimental ground was ploughed in the autumn, harrowed and rolled in the spring, and divided into 5 x 5 m plots. In the control the weed stands were left intact, the other variants were mowed with or without cultivation of the superficial soil layer in June and July. The position of the plots and the treatments were the same each year. The production of aboveground biomass and proportion of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous annuals and perennials in different years (1993 to 1995) were recorded. The production of biomass (the aboveground crop of weeds in September) was highest in the controls with no treatment. In mowed or cultivated plots the total biomass production (the sum of biomass at the time of the treatment plus biomass re-grown after the treatment) was greater when the treatment was made in July than in June. In the second year of succession, the biomass of annuals was greater than that of perennials. From the third year on, perennial dicotyledonous species became the dominant weed community, in controls as well as on mowed or superficially cultivated plots. The rate of increase of the proportion of dicotyledonous perennial weeds was greatest in mowed plus superficially cultivated plots, intermediate in the controls, and lowest in plots where the weeds were only mowed.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Composition of biomass"

1

Rodriguez, Indalesio. "Composition related effects on thermal reactivity of organic feedstocks /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9895.

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2

Brereton, Nicholas James Beresford. "SRC willow development, biomass composition and biofuel potential." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/6920.

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The aims of this PhD were to examine nitrogen allocation and partitioning in Short Rotation Coppice (SRC) willow in regard to tree development and to investigate biomass composition and cell wall structure for the purpose of assessing and understanding biofuel potential. To address these topics four major experiments were performed and are presented in the thesis. An investigation of SRC willow development and nitrogen dynamics was conducted as a pot trial comprising 14 different genotypes from a willow mapping population. The genotypes were selected on the extremity and consistency of their field biomass yields. Fertiliser enriched with the stable isotope nitrogen 15 was applied as a means of nitrogen surveillance. One of the findings was that higher biomass yielding varieties of SRC willow had increased nitrogen-use-efficiency yet less (or later) nitrogen remobilisation in the autumn. The recalcitrance of the cell wall to enzymatic saccharification was assessed across 138 field-grown genotypes of the same willow mapping population. The aim was to identify any relationships between glucose yield and several biomass yield traits and to identify any quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with enzymatic saccharification. Four QTL associated to enzymatic saccharification were identified and no relationship was found between glucose and biomass yield traits. A third experiment aimed to modify cell wall composition and structure of a single cultivar of willow grown in a pot trial. Tension wood, fibre cells containing an extra cell wall layer unique to angiosperms, and cellulose synthesis inhibited phenotypes were both induced. These modifications were accomplished through chemical and environmental treatments during development and their impact on composition and cell wall recalcitrance was assessed. Tension wood formation was found to increase glucose yields. The final main experiment used 35 of the UK’s leading biomass yielding willow varieties, grown in the field, to assess not only the variation in composition and enzymatic saccharification but also to identify any relationships between these two traits and a variety of morphological traits. The final part of the experiment investigated how variation in these traits interacted with dilute acid pretreatment. Surprisingly lignin content did not significantly correlate with cell wall recalcitrance to enzymatic saccharification. Another important finding was that enzymatic saccharification without the pretreatment correlated with enzymatic saccharification after the pretreatment. General introduction and general materials and methods chapters are included. A final summary discussion chapter is also included in order to address the overall impact of these findings on biofuel potential.
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3

Cromar, Nancy Judith. "Composition of biomass and computer modelling of high rate algal ponds." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394903.

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4

RABEMANOLONTSOA, HARIFARA F. "QUANTIFICATION OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION FOR VARIOUS BIOMASS SPECIES AS BIOREFINERY FEEDSTOCKS." Kyoto University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/157392.

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5

Rigdon, Anne R. "Coverage impacts biomass composition, conversion to ethanol yields and microbial communities during storage." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16541.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Grain Science and Industry
Dirk E. Maier
Increased mandates for the production of transportation fuels from renewable resources have thrust the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass, e.g., energy crops and agricultural residues, to ethanol into commercial production. The conversion of biomass to ethanol has been implemented; transportation and storage logistics are still obstacles to overcome by industry. Limited harvest windows throughout the year necessitate extended periods of biomass storage to maintain a consistent, year-round supply to the biorefinery. Sorghum biomass stored with no coverage (NN), covered with tarp (NT), wrapped in plastic (PN) and covered with a tarp and wrapped in plastic (PT) for six months was analyzed for changes in biomass components—cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose degrading enzymes, and conversion to ethanol yields. Treatment NN had increased enzyme activity, and reduced cellulose content and ethanol yields; while biomass covered maintained enzyme activity, cellulose content and ethanol yields. Sequencing of the Large SubUnit (LSU) region and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal RNA gene gave consistent results of fungal community dynamics in biomass stored as previously described. Fungal community richness and diversity increased, while evenness decreased in uncovered biomass during storage. Covered and uncovered storage treatments and over time were found to exhibit distinctly different fungal communities. In contrast, bacterial communities were found to be unresponsive to storage treatments and durations. Cladosporium, Alternaria and Cryptococcus were found to be the most abundant in the stored biomass. Covering of biomass strongly limits the arrival and establishment of new fungal propagules in stored biomass, reducing biomass degradation by these often pathogenic, saprobic or endophytic communities. Overall, covering of biomass during storage is essential for optimal substrate retention for downstream processing into ethanol. In addition, storage and transportation logistics of three real-world scenarios were evaluated for the conversion of wheat straw, corn stover and sorghum stalks residues to ethanol at a biorefinery located in Southwest Kansas. Economic evaluation revealed that transport and storage of residues at satellite storage facilities was most economical for farmers and would create opportunity for the operation of profitable facilities that would supply the local biorefinery on demand throughout the year.
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6

Mbambo, Sifiso Walter. "Scales of variability of phytoplankton composition and biomass in Algoa Bay, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9193.

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Includes bibliographical references
This study investigated the variability of environmental drivers of phytoplankton communities and biomass at different time scales in Algoa Bay. This research was motivated by Pacific oyster culturing at an Algoa Bay oyster farm. Time series of winds, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and fluorescence were presented for the period from September/October 2010 to May/June 2012. The time series showed strong seasonal and interannual variability in the winds and SSTs. SSTs ranged from 12.5–25.5°C with a mean (±S.D.) of 18.4 ± 2.3°C. The dominance of south-easterly and south-westerly winds in summer of 2010/11 resulted in cooler temperatures and higher chlorophyll-a concentrations than were found in 2011/12. The summer of 2011/12 had non-persistent south-westerly winds that lead to warm temperatures and low chlorophyll-a concentrations. Two short field trips in early summer 2011 and early autumn 2012 sampled physical, chemical and biological variables. There was minor variability in the winds during these sampling periods and little spatial variability in SST. However, there were spatial differences in nutrient concentrations and chlorophyll-a distributions. The sampling trip in early summer 2011 found a strong thermocline at a depth of approximately 15 m, and SST ranged between 13.5 and 21°C. In early autumn 2012, deep water mixing was evident when the thermocline dropped to about 30 m, with a range of SSTs from 16.5–21°C. Temperature and nutrient values were significantly correlated (at p < 0.001) for NO3, PO4, and SiO4 in both field trips. Phytoplankton community structure in early summer 2011 showed a 30% level of similarity in grouping of species for stations closest to the shore, which had depleted NO3 concentrations. There was a dominance of dinoflagellates of Gonyaulax polygramma and other species, which are known for creating hypoxic conditions in the water column, leading to shellfish mortalities. In early autumn 2012 there was a strong grouping of samples at a 50% level of similarity alongshore, at stations with high NO3 concentrations. In this period pennate diatoms of Pseudo-nitzschia sp. were abundant; this genus has been reported to produce the neurotoxin, domoic acid. Variable environmental conditions with low chlorophyll-a concentrations at Algoa Bay’s marine culture site indicate unsuitable conditions for Pacific oyster production.
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7

Kalinauskaitė, Solveiga. "Environmental and energy efficiency evaluation of straw treatment and conversion technology." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20141223_145125-20389.

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Research goal. We seek to validate optimal composition of straw biomass fuel and energy efficiency of straw utilization for energy needs, to assess straw biomass fuel preparation technology in respect to energy efficiency, and to determine emissions that are generated during straw combustion. Research objectives. The following objectives were planned to reach the goal of the research: 1) Process analysis of preparation of biomass fuel (pellets and briquettes) for burning, 2) Validation of mixture of lime additive (CaO) into straw biomass fuel, 3) Property analysis of prepared biomass fuel, 4) Measurement and assessment of emissions generated while burning straw biomass fuel, 5) Assessment of energy consumption by straw pellet production equipment.
Tyrimų tikslas. Pagrįsti šiaudų biokuro optimalios sudėties paruošimo ir panaudojimo energinėms reikmėms efektyvumą, atlikti šiaudų biokuro paruošimo technologijos energinį vertinimą ir nustatyti deginimo metu išskiriamas emisijas. Tyrimų uždaviniai. Tyrimų tikslui pasiekti numatyta: 1) Atlikti šiaudų biokuro (briketų ir granulių) paruošimo deginimui technologinę analizę; 2) Pagristi kalkių priedo (CaO) įmaišymo į šiaudų biokuro sudetį tikslingumą; 3) Ištirti pagaminto šiaudų biokuro savybes; 4) Nustatyti ir įvertinti šiaudų biokuro deginimo metu išskiriamas emisijas; 5) Įvertinti šiaudų granulių gamybos technologinės įrangos energijos sanaudas.
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8

Saavedra, Rios Carolina del Mar. "Etude des carbones durs issus de la biomasse pour l’application dans les batteries Sodium-ion." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2020GRALI072.pdf.

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La demande croissante en batteries Lithium-ion a suscité une certaine inquiétude concernant l'approvisionnement en matières premières critiques nécessaires à leur production, en particulier les ressources en Li, Co, Ni et Cu. La technologie Sodium-ion apparait comme une alternative pouvant utiliser des ressources abondantes et uniformément réparties, et qui pourrait réduire le coût des batteries par rapport au Lithium-ion. Toutefois, le débouché commercial des batteries Sodium-ion est encore limité par le développement de matériaux d'électrode négative à haute performance et bas coût. L'option la plus prometteuse est un matériau carboné désordonné appelé carbone dur, obtenu par traitement thermique à haute température de précurseurs organiques. Malgré ses bonnes performances, le carbone dur est toujours plus cher que le graphite utilisé dans les batteries Lithium-ion, étant donné le coût élevé de ses précurseurs synthétiques. La biomasse lignocellulosique a récemment attiré l'attention en tant que précurseur du carbone dur, étant donné sa nature renouvelable, son accessibilité et son faible coût. Cependant, la grande variabilité des matières premières de la biomasse ainsi que le faible rendement de la réaction de pyrolyse, rendent leur application commerciale plutôt difficile. De plus, le rôle de la composition de la biomasse sur les propriétés du carbone dur n’est pas complètement compris. Le travail de recherche présenté ici est une approche interdisciplinaire, visant à élucider l'impact de la composition de la biomasse sur les propriétés physico-chimiques et électrochimiques des carbones durs résultants ainsi que le rendement de leur synthèse. Un ensemble de 25 précurseurs ont été sélectionnés pour cette étude. La composition de chaque précurseur, telles que le contenu organique et inorganique élémentaire, et le contenu macromoléculaire, ont été évaluées. Les carbones durs synthétisés ont été caractérisés par des techniques de XRD, Raman, SEM, TEM, SAXS, XPS et de cyclage galvanostatique. Le contenu et la composition inorganique du précurseur, en particulier la présence de composés de Si, Ca et K, ont semblé jouer un rôle essentiel dans le développement de la structure et de la surface du carbone dur. Par conséquent, ils ont un impact négatif important sur les performances du carbone dur, en produisant des irréversibilités élevées. Compte tenu de leur faible teneur en cendres couplé à leur faible cout et leur faible impact environnemental, les résidus forestiers et certain résidus agricoles, semblent être le meilleur compromis pour l'application du carbone dur
The ever-increasing demand for Lithium-ion batteries has raised some concern regarding the supply of the critical raw materials needed for their production, especially the Li, Co, Ni and Cu resources. The Sodium-ion technology appears to be an alternative which potentially uses abundant, and evenly distributed resources, that is able to reduce the cost of the batteries compared to Lithium-ion. However, the commercial intrusion of Sodium-ion batteries is still limited by the development of low-cost and high-performance negative electrode material. The most promising option is a disordered carbonaceous material called hard carbon obtained from high-temperature thermal treatment of organic precursors. Despite its good performance, hard carbon is still more expensive than the graphite used in Lithium-ion batteries, given the high cost of the synthetic precursors. Lignocellulosic biomass has recently attracted attention as a hard carbon precursor, given its renewable nature, accessibility, and low cost. However, the high variability of biomass feedstock, together with the poor yield of the pyrolysis reaction, make their commercial application rather difficult. Moreover, there is no clear understanding of the biomass composition role on the hard carbon properties. The research work presented here is an interdisciplinary approach, aiming to elucidate the biomass composition's impact on the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the derived hard carbons as well as their synthesis yield. A set of 25 lignocellulosic biomass precursors have been selected for this study. The composition of each biomass precursor, such as the elemental organic and inorganic content, and the macromolecular contents were evaluated in detail. The synthesised hard carbons were characterised by XRD, Raman, SEM, TEM, SAXS, XPS, and galvanostatic cycling techniques. The inorganic content and composition of the precursor, particularly the presence of Si, Ca, and K compounds, was observed to play a critical role in developing the hard carbon structure and surface. Therefore, they have a strong negative impact on hard carbon performances, producing high irreversibility. Because of their low ash-content, coupled with their low cost and environmental impact, precursors such as forestry residues, and some agricultural residues, appeared to be the best compromise for hard carbon application
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Maranan, Melchor C. "Rapid assessment of chemical composition, calorific value and specific gravity of hybrid poplar wood using near infrared spectroscopy." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2006/m%5Fmaranan%5F10704728.pdf.

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10

Stone, Gayle Louise. "Microplankton Biomass and Composition in Relation to the Gulf Stream Front Off Southeast Florida." NSUWorks, 1997. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/320.

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The optical front of the Gulf Stream off southeast Florida is an abrupt and distinct visual boundary between green coastal water and deep blue Gulf Stream water. The goal of the research presented in this thesis was to describe phytoplankton biomass and composition in relation to the position and strength of this optical front. Twenty-seven cruises were conducted off the coast of Fort Lauderdale, Florida between July 1990 and March 1992. On each cruise, a transect of vertical CTD casts was conducted across the front to a depth of 100 m. Estimates of vertical frontal strength (buoyancy frequency) and horizontal frontal strength (salinity and density gradients across the front) were calculated from the CTD data. Biological samples were collected at three stations, one at the front and one on each side of the front, for the estimation of chlorophyll concentration by fluorometry and for the microscopic enumeration of the microplankton. Results showed that chlorophyll concentration estimates were not correlated with the estimates of vertical frontal strength, horizontal frontal strength or the distance of the front from shore (via the Spearman rank-order correlation). Chlorophyll concentrations at the Gulf Stream station were significantly lower than those at both the inshore and front stations, but chlorophyll concentrations at the front were not significantly different from those inshore (via the Kruskal-Wallis H test) Chlorophyll concentrations at the front, however, were elevated above average during the late summer/early fall when the mixed layer depth was shallower than average. Total microplankton abundance did not differ significantly between the three stations. However, when the microplankton were divided into major taxonomic categories, significant differences in abundances between the three stations were detected. In general, abundances were highest near shore and declined offshore. Except for a weak correlation between Pyrrhophyta and the salinity gradient across. the front, abundances of microplankton groups did not correlate with the physical variables measured. Scenarios that might explain these results are discussed.
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Книги з теми "Composition of biomass"

1

M, Rowell Roger, Schultz Tor P. 1953-, Narayan Ramani 1949-, American Chemical Society. Cellulose, Paper, and Textile Division., and American Chemical Society Meeting, eds. Emerging technologies for materials and chemicals from biomass. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1992.

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2

Nalepa, T. F. Abundance, biomass, and species composition of benthic macroinvertebrate populations in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, 1987-96. Ann Arbor, MI: Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, 2002.

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3

Wheeler, R. M. Proximate composition of seed and biomass from soybean plants grown at different carbon dioxide (CO) concentrations. [Kennedy Space Center, Fla.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John F. Kennedy Space Center, 1990.

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4

Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. Effect of habitat degradation on the species composition and biomass of fish in the Great Lakes areas of concern. Burlington, Ont: Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1993.

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5

Kenlan, Peter H. Composition and biomass of forest floor vegetation in experimentally acidified paired watersheds at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine. Orono, Me: Maine Agricultural & Forest Experiment Station, University of Maine, 2009.

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6

John, Beebe, and Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), eds. Effect of fertilizer applications and grazing exclusion on species composition and biomass in wet meadow restoration in eastern Washington. [Portland, Or.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2002.

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7

R, Hinkle Charles, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Effects of fire on composition, biomass, and nutrients in oak scrub vegetation on John F. Kennedy Space Center, Florida. [Kennedy Space Center, Fla.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John F. Kennedy Space Center, 1987.

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8

Little, Susan N. Highly stocked coniferous stands on the Olympic Peninsula: Chemical composition and implications for harvest strategy. Portland, Or.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1987.

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9

Bartsch, Annette. Die Eisalgenflora des Weddellmeeres (Antarktis): Artenzusammensetzung und Biomasse sowie Ökophysiologie ausgewählter Arten = Sea ice algae of the Weddell Sea (Antarctica) : species composition, biomass, and ecophysiology of selected species. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 1989.

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10

Little, Susan N. Highly stocked coniferous stands on the Olympic Peninsula. Portland, OR: Biomass and Energy Project, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1986.

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Частини книг з теми "Composition of biomass"

1

Wertz, Jean-Luc, Philippe Mengal, and Serge Perez. "Chemical Composition of Biomass." In Biomass in the Bioeconomy, 35–56. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003308454-5.

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Gusiatin, Zygmunt Mariusz, and Artur Pawłowski. "2 Biomass for fuels – classification and composition." In Biomass for Biofuels, 15–36. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315226422-4.

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3

Wetzel, Robert G., and Gene E. Likens. "Composition and Biomass of Phytoplankton." In Limnological Analyses, 147–74. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3250-4_10.

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Wetzel, Robert G., and Gene E. Likens. "Composition and Biomass of Phytoplankton." In Limnological Analyses, 139–65. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4098-1_10.

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5

de Jong, Wiebren. "Biomass Composition, Properties, and Characterization." In Biomass as a Sustainable Energy Source for the Future, 36–68. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118916643.ch2.

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6

Evans, Robert J., and Thomas A. Milne. "Mass Spectrometry Studies of the Relationship of Pyrolysis Oil Composition to Formation Mechanisms and Feedstock Composition." In Research in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 264–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2737-7_21.

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Kalita, Pankaj, and Debarshi Baruah. "Investigation of Biomass Gasifier Product Gas Composition and its Characterization." In Coal and Biomass Gasification, 115–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7335-9_5.

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Ricci-Silva, Maria Esther, Boniek Gontijo Vaz, Géssica Adriana Vasconcelos, Wanderson Romão, Juliana A. Aricetti, Camila Caldana, and Patrícia Verardi Abdelnur. "Mass Spectrometry for Metabolomics and Biomass Composition Analyses." In Analytical Techniques and Methods for Biomass, 115–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41414-0_5.

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Milne, T., F. Agblevor, M. Davis, S. Deutch, and D. Johnson. "A Review of the Chemical Composition of Fast-Pyrolysis Oils from Biomass." In Developments in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 409–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1559-6_32.

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Lai, Wei-chuan, Indalesio Rodriguez, and Barbara Krieger-Brockett. "Composition Effects on the Devolatilization Behavior of Biomass and Municipal Solid Waste." In Advances in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 818–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1336-6_64.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Composition of biomass"

1

Holubcik, Michal, and Jozef Jandacka. "Chemical composition in relation with biomass ash structure." In XIX. THE APPLICATION OF EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUID MECHANICS AND ENERGETICS 2014: Proceedings of the International Conference. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4892704.

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ZAJĄC, Grzegorz, Joanna SZYSZLAK-BARGŁOWICZ, Agnieszka DUDZIAK, Andrzej KURANC, and Jacek WASILEWSKI. "Ash Composition and Deposition Tendencies of Selected Biomass Types." In IX International ScientificSymposium "Farm Machinery and Processes Management in Sustainable Agriculture". Departament of Machinery Exploittation and Management of Production Processes, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/fmpmsa.2017.79.

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3

Sucipta, Made, Shinji Kimijima, Tae Won Song, and Kenjiro Suzuki. "Biomass SOFC-MGT Hybrid System: Effect of Fuel Composition." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97013.

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Performance analysis of the solid oxide fuel cell–micro gas turbine (SOFC–MGT) hybrid system has been made assuming the fuel to be methane-based artificial ones including H2, CO, CO2, H2O or N2 of different concentration in preparation for the study of biomass fuelled SOFC–MGT hybrid system. This is based on the fact that the chemical composition of biomass fuel produced from different fuel production processes is diversified, i.e. in one case one chemical species rich in concentration and in another case another chemical species rich. In the analysis is used the multi–stage model for internal reforming SOFC module developed previously with some modification. With this model, studies cover not only the performance of the hybrid system but also the spatial distributions of temperature and concentration of some chemical species inside the module, namely in the cell stack and in the internal reformer.
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Eggerstedt, Kyle, Xia Wang, James Leidel, and Krzytoff Kobus. "Initial Development of Optimum Biomass Pellets." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54464.

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Renewable energy has become a major focus in today’s world of depleting energy resources. Biomass is starting to be utilized because it can be continually created within a reasonable period of time. Biomass particles are pressurized together in a pellet shape. The pellets are fed into a combustion chamber (stove) and burnt to create energy. The objective of this research is to test a range of pellet compositions and investigate their corresponding characteristics in the combustion process in order to maximize their energy output. The pellets investigated include single materials such as wood or various mixtures such as wood and grass. The pellets were tested to check the various criteria including the moisture content, density and energy content. Moisture content was found using a scale and desiccators. A thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) was used to determine the burning temperature of biomass, its weight composition and ash content. A calorimeter was used to find energy content. The Coats-Redfern Method along with a TGA was chosen for the analysis of the activation energy of biomass pellets. Among four types of pellets tested, the hardwood premium pellets has the lowest ash content of .66%. Premium Pellets also had the best energy content of 19.16 MJ/kg. Beet Pulp Pellets had the lowest activation energy of all the materials with 99.92 kJ/mol activation energy. Overall the hardwood pellets performed the best but could be improved with the addition of other biomasses. An optimum pellet may be created with a mixture of multiple materials.
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CHIU, HSUAN-CHAO, and DANIEL SEGRÈ. "COMPARATIVE DETERMINATION OF BIOMASS COMPOSITION IN DIFFERENTIALLY ACTIVE METABOLIC STATES." In Proceedings of the 8th Annual International Workshop on Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (IBSB 2008). IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781848163003_0015.

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6

Jayasurya Vijayakumar, Gary A Anderson, Stephen P Gent, and Anand Rajendran. "Calculation of biomass capacity of Algae based on their elemental composition." In 2013 Kansas City, Missouri, July 21 - July 24, 2013. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20131620717.

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7

Rahman, Adli Azimi Abdul, Ras Izzati Ismail, AbdulRazak Shaari, and Nik Noriman Zulkepli. "Quantification of the torrefaction influenceon lignin composition of Khaya senegalensis biomass." In THE PROCEEDING OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF CHEMICAL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0118142.

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Shi, Yunye, Tejasvi Sharma, Guiyan Zang, and Albert Ratner. "Biomass Gasification in a Pilot-Scale Gasifier." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38958.

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A study of the gasification of corn kernels has been performed on an experimental, pilot-scale (50–100 lbs/hour) gasification unit. Analysis was made on the performance of the gasifier in terms of producer gas generation and composition, char production and process mass balance. In these experiments corn kernels was used so that the shapes and sized of the materials did not influence the results. Experiments were conducted with varying temperature of fuel bed. For each experimental condition, the permanent gas composition was measured continuously by gas chromatography (GC). Tar was collected according to CEN Standard. Bio-char were weighted for mass balance. The results from the study indicate that there were differences between various operational parameters in terms of producer gas concentration and char percentage.
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Kukoleva, S. S. "Biochemical composition, yield and energy efficiency of aboveground biomass of the sudan grass." In Agrobiotechnology-2021. Publishing house of RGAU - MSHA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1855-3-2021-138.

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The article presents the results of biochemical analysis of the aboveground biomass of the sudanese grass of the 1st and 2nd bitches, as well as a comparative analysis of the biomass yield and energy efficiency of cultivation of various sorts of sudanese grass.
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Jangale, Vilas, Alexei Saveliev, Serguei Zelepouga, Vitaly Gnatenko, and John Pratapas. "A Real-Time Method for Determining the Composition and Heating Value of Opportunity Fuel Blends." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81111.

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Engine manufacturers and researchers in the United States are finding growing interest among customers in the use of opportunity fuels such as syngas from the gasification and pyrolysis of biomass and biogas from anaerobic digestion of biomass. Once adequately cleaned, the most challenging issue in utilizing these opportunity fuels in engines is that their compositions can vary from site to site and with time depending on feedstock and process parameters. At present, there are no identified methods that can measure the composition and heating value in real-time. Key fuel properties of interest to the engine designer/researcher such as heating value, laminar flame speed, stoichiometric air to fuel ratio and Methane Number can then be determined. This paper reports on research aimed at developing a real-time method for determining the composition of a variety of opportunity fuels and blends with natural gas. Interfering signals from multiple measurement sources are processed collectively using multivariate regression methods, such as, the principal components regression and partial least squares regression to predict the composition and energy content of the fuel blends. The accuracy of the method is comparable to gas chromatography.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Composition of biomass"

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Petzold, Christopher, Jennifer Bragg, and Ai Oikawa. Generation of Switchgrass Plants with Optimized Biomass Composition for Biofuel Production. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1462698.

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2

Shih, Chien-Ju. Determination of saccharides and ethanol from biomass conversion using Raman spectroscopy: Effects of pretreatment and enzyme composition. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/985314.

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Ruberu, Thanthrige P. Molecular level control of nanoscale composition and morphology: Toward photocatalytic nanocomposites for solar-to-chemical energy conversion of biomass. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1116717.

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Kirst, Matias. A systems biology, whole-genome association analysis of the molecular regulation of biomass growth and composition in Populus deltoides. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1319490.

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5

Kirst, Matias. A systems biology, whole-genome association analysis of the molecular regulation of biomass growth and composition in Populus deltoides. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1322865.

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Beebe, John, Richard Everett, George Scherer, and Carl Davis. Effect of fertilizer applications and grazing exclusion on species composition and biomass in wet meadow restoration in eastern Washington. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-542.

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Johnston, J. W. Jr. Evaluation of the potential for using old-field vegetation as an energy feedstock: Biomass yield, chemical composition, environmental concerns, and economics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6467844.

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Verity, Peter G., and Gustav-Adolf Paffenhofer. Contribution of zooplankton to the biomass composition and fate of living and detritalpoc on the Cape Hatteras ocean margin. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/761131.

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Mosjidis, J. A. Variability for Biomass Production and Plant Composition in Sericea Lespedeza Germplasm. Final report on a Field and Laboratory Research Program, September 30, 1990--December 31, 1991. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10167118.

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Sukenik, Assaf, Paul Roessler, and John Ohlrogge. Biochemical and Physiological Regulation of Lipid Synthesis in Unicellular Algae with Special Emphasis on W-3 Very Long Chain Lipids. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604932.bard.

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Various unicellular algae produce omega-3 (w3) very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFA), which are rarely found in higher plants. In this research and other studies from our laboratories, it has been demonstrated that the marine unicellular alga Nannochloropsis (Eustigmatophyceae) can be used as a reliable and high quality source for the w3 VLC-PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). This alga is widely used in mariculture systems as the primary component of the artificial food chain in fish larvae production, mainly due to its high EPA content. Furthermore, w3 fatty acids are essential for humans as dietary supplements and may have therapeutic benefits. The goal of this research proposal was to understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms which regulate the synthesis and accumulation of glycerolipids enriched with w3 VLC-PUFA in Nannochloropsis. The results of our studies demonstrate various aspects of lipid synthesis and its regulation in the alga: 1. Variations in lipid class composition imposed by various environmental conditions were determined with special emphasis on the relative abundance of the molecular species of triacylglycerol (TAG) and monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG). 2. The relationships between the cellular content of major glycerolipids (TAG and MGDG) and the enzymes involved in their synthesis were studied. The results suggested the importance of UDP-galactose diacylglycerol galactosyl (UDGT) in regulation of the cellular level of MGDG. In a current effort we have purified UDGT several hundredfold from Nannochloropsis. It is our aim to purify this enzyme to near homogeneity and to produce antibodies against this enzyme in order to provide the tools for elucidation of the biochemical mechanisms that regulate this enzyme and carbon allocation into galactolipids. 3. Our in vitro and in vivo labeling studies indicated the possibility that phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) are associated with desaturation of the structural lipids, whereas shorter chain saturated fatty acids are more likely to be incorporated into TAG. 4. Isolation of several putative mutants of Nannochloropsis which appear to have different lipid and fatty acid compositions than the wild type; a mutant of a special importance that is devoid of EPA was fully characterized. In addition, we could demonstrate the feasibility of Nannochloropsis biomass production for aquaculture and human health: 1) We demonstrated in semi-industrial scale the feasibility of mass production of Nannochloropsis biomass in collaboration with the algae plant NBT in Eilat; 2) Nutritional studies verified the importance algal w3 fatty acids for the development of rats and demonstrated that Nannochloropsis biomass fed to pregnant and lactating rats can benefit their offspring.
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