Готові списки джерел за темами / Composite materials C

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Composite materials C"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 22 червня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Composite materials C":

Okino, Fujio, and Michiya Ota. "Nano-C/C composite materials." TANSO 2006, no. 223 (2006): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7209/tanso.2006.206.

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Kimura, Shiushichi, and Eiichi Yasuda. "Carbon fiber reinforced carbon composite materials C/C composite." Bulletin of the Japan Institute of Metals 24, no. 5 (1985): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia1962.24.403.

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AWASTHI, SHRIKANT, and JERRY L. WOOD. "C/C Composite Materials for Aircraft Brakes." Advanced Ceramic Materials 3, no. 5 (September 1988): 449–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.1988.tb00254.x.

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Wang, Jing, Jun Cong Wei, Chun Mei Wang, and Qing Qing Zhao. "SiO/C Composite Materials for Lithium-Ion Secondary Batteries." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 1117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.1117.

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The SiO/C composite materials were prepared via a solution route and subsequent thermal treatment. The effects of carbon source on the particle morphology of composite, the graphitization degree of carbon component and the electrochemical performance of the prepared SiO/C composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectrometer and electrochemical charge/discharge tests. The results reveal that the SiO/C composite synthesized with the epoxy resin as carbon source exhibits the higher graphitic degree and higher reversible specific capacity (~690 mAhg-1) and excellent cycling stability.

Li, Shengnan, Dong Du, Lei Zhang, Xiaoguo Song, Yongguang Zheng, Guoqin Huang, and Weimin Long. "A review on filler materials for brazing of carbon-carbon composites." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 60, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 92–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2021-0007.

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Abstract It is needed to join C/C composite to other materials since its individual use is limited. Brazing is a method to join C/C composite that has been studied most, maturest and most widely used in recent decades. The quality of a brazed joint is largely determined by the intermediate layer material. It is significant to choose filler materials reasonably. C/C composite is difficult to be wetted by common brazing filler materials. Moreover, there is a large difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between C/C composite and metals. At present, there is no brazing filler alloy exclusively recommended for commercial C/C composites and metal brazing. Usually, active elements are added into filler metals to improve the wettability of them on C/C composite surface. The existing research includes Al-based, Ag-based, Cu-based, Ti-based, Ni-based brazing filler metals, and so on. In addition, various particle reinforced composite filler materials and stress buffer metal interlayer added composite filler materials have been studied for brazing C/C composite. The summarization of the overview on the application of intermediate filler metals is made in this paper. The basic reference basis is provided for the subsequent brazing filler metals development and joint performance improvement for C/C composite brazing.

Bui, Thi Hang, and Ha Thang Doan. "Fabrication and properties of Fe3O4/C composite materials." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 65 (November 25, 2023): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.65(11).52-56.

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Climate change is currently one of the most serious problems facing the world. In this study, Fe3O4 powder was used as electrode active material, nanocarbon was used as an additive to fabricate Fe3O4/C composites applying for energy storage systems. The size and morphology of iron oxide and nanocarbon were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The effects of the additive, the content of the electrode components on the electrochemical properties of the Fe3O4/C composite electrode have been studied by cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that the content of the electrode components strongly affects the electrochemical characteristics of the electrode. The important role of the carbon additive in the Fe3O4/C composite electrode was confirmed: Nanocarbon increases the electrical conductivity of the electrode thereby enhancing the redox reaction rate of iron. The positive effect of the K2S additive in electrolyte was demonstrated by increased redox reaction rate of iron, improved cyclability of Fe3O4, reduced hydrogen evolution, and thus increased the discharge capacity of Fe3O4/C.

Thakkar, Radhika, Anuj P. Maini, Sahil Mogla, Syed Shah Hussain Qadri, Praveen K. Varma, and Alok Dubey. "Effect of Staining Beverages on Color Stability of Composite: A Spectrophotometric Study." Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 16, Suppl 1 (February 2024): S389—S392. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_611_23.

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ABSTRACT Objective: This study used spectrophotometry to examine how staining beverages affect the color stability of three commercial composite materials (nanohybrid composite (A), bulk fill composite (B), and flowable composite (C)) over time. Materials and Methods: Composite discs were randomly divided into groups. The specimens were kept in coffee, tea, red wine, and cola for 14 days at 37°C in the dark. At baseline, 7 days, and 14 days, spectrophotometers measured color. Calculated and analyzed color differences (E). Results: Staining beverages changed the color of all composites. Composite material A had the best color stability, whereas material C stained beverages the most. Red wine and coffee discolored composites most. Discoloration increased over the 14-day immersion period. Conclusion: Composite materials with better color stability were material A. Red wine and coffee discolored composites most. When choosing restorative materials, dentists should consider composite materials’ color stability for long-lasting, visually acceptable results.

Wielage, Bernhard, Daisy Weber, Tobias Müller, and Heike Steger. "Thermo-Mechanical Monitoring of Composite Materials during the Pyrolysis of C/C Composites." Key Engineering Materials 425 (January 2010): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.425.95.

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Conventional mechanical and structural properties allow to describe the complete composite material. They do, however, not describe the reaction during the pyrolysis process. The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) is a technique which is used to characterize materials. In particular, the DMTA method is used to observe the viscoelastic nature of polymers. Another interesting application area of the DMTA is the simulation of pyrolysis experiments to obtain carbon/carbon composites (C/C composites). The pyrolysis process of carbon-fibre-reinforced plastics (CFRP) was performed by means of inert gas (Ar, ambient pressure) under a defined time-temperature profile or alternatively approached by short time sweeps in a DMTA. So the temperature dependence of the elastic modulus (E-modulus) and of the internal damping (tan δ) are determined starting from the cured carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic to the transformed C/C composites. The analyses were applied for different matrix resins. The shown method improves the access to usually hidden mechanical and structural properties and requires further investigation of the entire polymerization and pyrolysis processes.

Krnel, Kristoffer, Zmago Stadler, and Tomaž Kosmač. "The Influence of SiC Nano-Precipitates on the Interface Structure in C/C-SiC Composites." Advances in Science and Technology 50 (October 2006): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.50.46.

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The goal of our research is to develop a carbon-carbon-silicon carbide composite that will unite high fracture toughness of carbon-carbon composite with good oxidation and abrasion resistance and good thermal conductivity of silicon carbide. That can be achieved by the preparation of functionally graded C/C-SiC composites. For the production of C/C-SiC composites with a gradient structure of the ceramic matrix – from a carbon matrix in the core to a SiC matrix on the surface new materials based on C/C composite with SiC nano-particles dispersed in the matrix were produced. Since for the thermo-mechanical properties of such materials, the interface between the carbon fibres and the matrix phase is crucial, we studied the influence of SiC precipitation from the matrix phase on the interface structure and the mechanical properties of C/C-SiC composites. The results show that SiC nano-particels are precipitating around the carbon fibres influencing the interface structure and consequently also the mechanical properties.

Yevtushenko, Aleksander, Michal Kuciej, and Katarzyna Topczewska. "Frictional Heating during Braking of the C/C Composite Disc." Materials 13, no. 12 (June 12, 2020): 2691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13122691.

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An analytical model to determine temperature in a single brake disc of multi-disc system is proposed. The model considers the convective cooling on the lateral surfaces of the disc and structure of composite friction material. Calculations were carried out for a disc made of carbon friction composites material Termar-ADF. The influence of heat transfer with environment, length of bundles with fibers, and concentration of fibers in composite on the temperature of the disc was investigated during single braking with constant deceleration.

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Дисертації з теми "Composite materials C":

Goettler, Christoph Michael. "EFFECT OF DENSITY ON FRICTION AND WEAR PERFORMANCE OF CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITE MATERIALS." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2780.

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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OFChristoph Michael Goettler, for the Master of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering, presented on Nov 6, 2020, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: EFFECT OF DENSITY ON FRICTION AND WEAR PERFORMANCE OF CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITE MATERIALSMAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Peter FilipCarbon-carbon (C/C) composite materials exhibit high thermal conductivity, high thermal stability, low density, and high mechanical strength. Due to these properties, C/C composites are ideal for use in high performance braking systems. However, C/C composites are incredibly expensive to manufacture, and thus improving the longevity of these materials is vital. C/C composite materials inherently have a density gradient due to manufacturing limitations. By determining the effect of density on friction and wear performance of C/C composite materials, manufacturers could use that data to alter manufacturing methods to improve the lifespan of C/C composites. In this study, the effect of density on friction and wear performance of C/C composite materials was studied. Friction tests were conducted through use of a universal mechanical tester (UMT) manufactured by Bruker and subsequent analysis was done through use of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and polarized light microscopy. Numerous samples from depths of 0 mm and 5 mm were taken from two C/C composite materials with varying matrices and friction tested at varying conditions to determine friction properties, friction surface characteristics, microstructure just below the friction surface characteristics, friction layer characteristics, and wear characteristics. Density, apparent density, and apparent porosity gradients were also measured to be able to correlate observations to density differences. It was observed that while density does not seem to be the main cause in differences in friction and wear performance of C/C materials at depths of 0 mm and 5 mm, there still existed significant differences in friction performance, wear performance, and post friction test material characteristics when comparing 0 mm samples to 5 mm samples. In conclusion, density was not found to be a significant cause in variations in friction performance. However, friction surface depth was found to have a significant effect on friction performance, wear performance, and the friction surface. Further research is needed to be able to determine the exact cause of the variations in performance at depths of 0 mm and 5 mm. Keywords: carbon-carbon, composite, C/C, density, friction, wear, brake

Ozcan, Soydan. "Microstructure-property-performance relationships of c-fiber-reinforced carbon composite friction materials /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1686179081&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2008.
"Department of Engineering Science." Keywords: Carbon composite, Friction materials, Carbon-fiber reinforcement Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-115). Also available online.

Kouri, Jeffrey Victor. "Improved finite element analysis of thick laminated composite plates by the predictor corrector technique and approximation of C[superscript]1 continuity with a new least squares element." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20762.

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Tariq, Amna. "Design and implementation of a plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) system for the study of C₆₀-polymer composite thin films and surface fuctionalization effects on C₆₀." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81572.

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This research project aimed at the development of a PECVD process for the deposition of C60-PPPE (plasma polymerized polyethylene) NC thin films. A continuous throughput PECVD system was designed for the co-deposition of a polymer matrix and C60 particles, in effect, yielding composite thin films on 1" quartz and silicon substrates. In this process, the C 60 molecules are sublimated from their solid powder form, transported to the plasma chamber, pre-coated in-flight before being dispersed and co-deposited in the polymeric matrix. The plasma polymerization of ethane in the low pressure, radio frequency (RF) plasma was studied with a mapping of the polymer thin film growth at various deposition times. Percentage coverage of C60 films was studied at several sublimation temperatures ranging from 500-750 °C. Compositional studies of PPPE and C60 films obtained were carried out using FPA-FTIR. The surface morphology and topography of composite films was analyzed using OM and FESEM. Furthermore, samples of C60 deposited in the reactor were analyzed via TEM for possible deagglomeration and nanocoatings.

Mtawa, Alexander Nikwanduka. "Influence of geometry and material properties on the optimum performance of the C-shape piezo-composite actuator." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1301.

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Thesis (DTech (Mechanical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008
In recent years, due to rapid advances in technology there has been an increasingly high demand for large displacement and large force, precise positioning, fast response, low power consuming miniature piezoelectric actuators. In certain smart structure applications, the use of curved piezoelectric actuators is necessary. The present work extends the earlier investigations on the C- shape actuator by providing a detailed investigation on the influence of geometric and material properties of the individual layers of the C-shape piezocomposite for its optimal performance as an actuator. Analytical models have. been used to optimize the geometry of the actuator. Experimental and finite element analyses (using general purpose finite element software i.e. CoventerWare and MSC. Marc) have been used for validation. The present work has established that, by maintaining the thickness of the substrate and piezoceramic layers constant; changing the external radius, for example increasing it, the stiffness of the structure decreases and thus yielding large displacement This has a negative effect on the force produced by the actuator. With fixed thickness of the substrate and varying the thickness of the piezoceramic (for fixed external radius) the result is as follows: Increasing the thickness of the piezoceramic layer has the effect of decreasing the displacement while the force increases. With fixed PZT thickness as well as the external radius, varying the substrate thickness has the following effect: As the thickness of the substrate increases the displacement increases reaching a maximum. Subsequent increase in the thickness of the substrate the displacement is reduced. The force continues increasing at least for the ratios up to 1.0, further increase of the substrate, subsequent decrease of force is also noted. In addition to changing the thickness of the substrate, the choice of different material for the substrate has the following effect: For substrate/PZT ratios of up to 0.6. an actuator with substrate material having higher elastic modulus will produce larger displacement while for ratios beyond this ratio the situation is reversed. The causes for this kind of behaviour have been addressed. In all cases both force and displacement are found to be directly proportional to applied voltage.

Chelaghma, Saber Ayoub. "Fonctionnalisation de composites C/PEKK pour application aérospatiale : caractérisation, modélisation et influence sur les propriétés du composite." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30362.

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La réduction du poids des avions est l'un des grands défis de l'industrie aérospatiale. Afin d'atteindre les objectifs ambitieux en matière de consommation de carburant et de réduction des émissions, des composites renforcés de fibres de carbone, ont été introduits sur le marché. Ces matériaux suscitent un intérêt croissant, néanmoins, ils possèdent une faible conductivité électrique, ne permettant pas de garantir une protection contre la foudre. Pour cette raison, les composites chargés de particules conductrices font l'objet d'activités de recherche en cours. L'objectif est le développement de composites multifonctionnels avec des propriétés électriques accrues. Pour l'heure, la matrice thermoplastique de référence est le PEEK mais ce polymère reste toutefois cher, et sa température d'élaboration élevée. Dans ce but, des matrices thermoplastiques, telles que le PEKK, sont à nouveau étudiées. Entre la matière première et la pièce finale, la matrice thermoplastique subit plusieurs cycles de traitement à haute température (imprégnation, consolidation, procédés d'assemblage) au cours desquelles sa capacité à cristalliser évolue sans cesse. Afin d'évaluer l'impact du procédé et des constituants du composite sur les propriétés du composite, la cristallisation a fait l'objet d'une attention particulière. Deux dispositifs expérimentaux complémentaires ont été utilisés afin de caractériser la cristallisation : une platine chauffante, permettant d'appliquer un cycle thermique et d'observer la cristallisation en microscopie optique ainsi que la calorimétrie différentielle à balayage. L'influence des fibres de carbone et des particules conductrices sur la cinétique de cristallisation a été évaluée. Une diminution des temps de cristallisation a été observée à travers l'augmentation du taux de germination. Les données recueillies ont servi à développer un modèle de cinétique de cristallisation identifié à travers une approche originale en se basant sur des données microscopiques et enthalpiques. Ce modèle permet de prédire les cinétiques de cristallisation des composites à matrice PEKK mais il ne permet pas de rendre compte de la microstructure finale engendrée. Or, cette dernière a un impact non négligeable sur les propriétés mécaniques comme cela a été prouvé à travers des essais de nano-indentation. Pour prévoir la microstructure finale, un modèle basé sur l'approche pixel coloring a été développé. L'influence des fibres de carbone a été introduite à travers la formation d'une phase transcristalline. Une bonne corrélation est constatée entre l'approche analytique, la simulation et les données expérimentales en termes de cinétique de cristallisation. Des caractérisations mécaniques et électriques ont été effectuées afin d'évaluer les performances de ces nouveaux matériaux. Sur les matériaux étudiés, la réponse mécanique n'est pas homogène comme observé sur des essais de traction suivis en stéréo-corrélation. L'étude de la santé matière montre l'existence de défauts, en particulier, à l'échelle de la microstructure. Afin de prendre en compte ces particularités, il est ainsi nécessaire de décrire plus finement la microstructure. Pour cela, la tomographie à rayons X a été utilisée afin de caractériser le composite. Les récents développements de cette technique permettent, en combinaison avec des outils de segmentation, de reconstruire une géométrie représentative du matériau. Cette géométrie est utilisée pour simuler le comportement mécanique ainsi que la cristallisation. Les simulations numériques d'un VER sont capables de prédire les propriétés d'un pli, puis celles du stratifié. Cette modélisation multi-échelle pourrait réduire le nombre et le coût des campagnes expérimentales. Ainsi, déterminer les propriétés de la structure finale en se basant sur des caractérisations et simulations à l'échelle de la microstructure est un enjeu scientifique et industriel stratégique. Ce travail constitue une contribution vers cette approche
Reducing aircraft weight is one of the major challenges facing the aerospace industry. In order to achieve the ambitious goals of fuel consumption and emission reduction, carbon-fiber reinforced composites have been introduced to the market. These materials are attracting increasing interest, however, they have low electrical conductivity to ensure protection against lightning strike. For this reason, composites filled with conductive particles are the subject of ongoing research activities. The objective is the development of multifunctional composites with enhanced electrical properties. Actually, the most used thermoplastic matrix is PEEK, but this polymer remains expensive, and its processing temperature is high. For this purpose, thermoplastic matrices, such as PEKK, are again studied. Between the raw material and the final part, the thermoplastic matrix undergoes several thermal steps with high temperature exposure (impregnation, consolidation, forming and assembly processes) during which its ability to crystallize evolves continuously. In order to evaluate the impact of the process and the composite constituents on its properties, crystallization has been the subject of particular attention. Two complementary experimental devices were used to characterize the crystallization. The heating stage, allows to apply a thermal cycle and observe the crystallization in optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The influence of carbon fibers and conductive fillers on the crystallization kinetics was evaluated. A decrease in crystallization times was observed through the increase of the nucleation rate. The collected data were used to develop a kinetic model identified through an original approach based on microscopic data. This model makes it possible to predict the crystallization kinetics of PEKK composites. Nevertheless, it does not make it possible to predict the final microstructure. However, the microstructure has a significant impact on mechanical properties as it has been proven through nano-indentation tests. To predict the final microstructure, a model based on the pixel coloring approach has been developed. The influence of carbon fibers has been introduced through the formation of a transcrystalline phase. A good correlation is found between the analytical approach, the simulation and the experimental data in terms of crystallization kinetics. Mechanical and electrical characterizations were performed to evaluate the performance of these new materials. On the studied materials, the mechanical response is not homogeneous as observed on tensile tests followed in stereo-correlation. The study of matter health shows the existence of defects, in particular, at the microstructure level. In order to take this particularity into account, it is thus necessary to describe the microstructure more finely. For this, X-ray tomography was used to characterize the composite. Recent developments in this technique allow, in combination with segmentation tools, to reconstruct a representative geometry of the material. This geometry is used to simulate the mechanical behaviour as well as the crystallization. The numerical simulations of an RVE are able to calculate the properties of a ply, then those of a laminate. This multi-scale modelling could reduce the number and cost of experimental campaigns. Thus, determining the properties of the final structure based on characterizations and simulation at the microstructure scale is a strategic scientific and industrial issue. This work is a contribution towards this approach

Zhang, Hai. "Comparative study of infrared thermography, ultrasonic C-scan, X-ray computed tomography and terahertz imaging on composite materials." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36573.

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L’évaluation non destructive (NDT) des matériaux composites est compliquée en raison de la vaste gamme de défauts rencontrés (y compris délaminage, microfissuration, fracture de la fibre, retrait des fibres, fissuration matricielle, inclusions, vides et dommages aux chocs). La capacité de caractériser quantitativement le type, la géométrie et l’orientation des défauts est essentielle. La thermographie infrarouge (IRT), en tant que technique de diagnostic d’image, peut satisfaire le besoin industriel croissant de NDT&E. Dans la thèse, la thermographie par excitation optique et mécanique a été utilisée pour étudier différents matériaux composites, dont 1) des préformes sèches en fibres de carbone, 2) des composites de fibres naturelles, 3) des composites hybrides de basalte-fibres de carbone soumis à une charge d’impact (séquence de type sandwich et séquence d’empilement intercalé), 4) des défauts micro-dimensionnés dans un composite polymère renforcé de fibre de carbone (CFRP) en 3D avec une couture de type « joint en T », et 5) des peintures sur toile qui peuvent être considérées comme des matériaux composites. Une nouvelle technique IRT de thermographie de ligne par micro-laser (micro-LLT) a été proposée pour l’évaluation des porosités submillimétriques dans le CFRP. La microscopie de points par micro-laser (micro-LST) et la micro-vibrothermographie (micro-VT) ont également été présentées avec l’utilisation de microlentilles. La thermographie pulsée (PT) et la thermographie modulée « à verrouillage » (LT) ont été comparées à la tomographie par rayons X (TC) pour validation. Le C-scan ultrasonore (UT) et l’imagerie par ondes tera-hertziennes en onde continue (CW THz) ont également été réalisés à des fins comparatives. L’inspection par techniques thermographiques est une question ouverte à discuter pour le public scientifique. En fait, la thermographie par impulsions (PPT) basée sur la transformation de phase a été utilisée pour estimer la profondeur des dommages. Pour traiter les données thermographiques, on a également utilisé la reconstruction de signal thermographique de base (B-TSR), la thermographie des composants principaux (PCT) et la thermographie des moindres carrés partiels (PLST). Enfin, une analyse complète et comparative basée sur le diagnostic d’images thermographiques a été menée en vue d’applications industrielles potentielles.
Non-destructive testing (NDT) of composite materials is complicated due to the wide range off laws encountered (including delamination, micro-cracking, fiber fracture, fiber pullout, matrix cracking, inclusions, voids, and impact damage). The ability to quantitatively characterize the type, geometry, and orientation of flaws is essential. Infrared thermography (IRT), as an image diagnostic technique, can satisfy the increasing industrial need for NDT&E. In the thesis, optical and mechanical excitation thermography were used to investigate different composite materials, including 1) carbon fiber dry preforms, 2) natural fiber composites, 3) basalt-carbon fiber hybrid composites subjected to impact loading (sandwich-like and intercalated stacking sequence), 4) micro-sized flaws in a stitched T-joint 3D carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite (CFRP), and 5) paintings on canvas which can be considered as composite materials. Of particular interest, a new IRT technique micro-laser line thermography (micro-LLT) was proposed for the evaluation of submillimeter porosities in CFRP. Micro-laser spot thermography (micro-LST) and micro-vibrothermography (micro-VT) were also presented with the usage of a micro-lens. Pulsed thermography (PT) and lock-in thermography (LT) were compared with x-ray computed tomography (CT) for validation. Ultrasonic C-scan (UT) and continuous wave terahertz imaging (CW THz) were also conducted for the comparative purpose. The inspection by thermographic techniques is an open matter to be discussed for the scientific audience. In fact, pulse phase thermography (PPT) based on phase transform was used to estimate the damage depth. Basic thermographic signal reconstruction (B-TSR), principal component thermography (PCT) and partial least squares thermography (PLST) (another more recent advanced image processing technique) were also used to pro-cess the thermographic data. Finally, a comprehensive and comparative analysis based on thermographic image diagnostics was conducted in view of potential industrial applications.

Voirin, Thibaut. "Etude du comportement mécanique et de l’endommagement des composites C/C à basses et hautes températures." Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSEI008.

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Les matériaux composites Carbone/Carbone sont utilisés dans l’industrie aéronautique ainsi que dans l’aérospatial du fait de leurs excellentes propriétés thermomécaniques, de la température ambiante jusqu’à de très hautes températures (< 3000°C). Cependant l’évolution de ces propriétés à hautes températures est peu connue, notamment sous des sollicitations de type freinage auxquelles ces composites peuvent être soumis pour des applications aéronautiques ou dans les sports mécaniques.L’objectif de ce travail était donc d’étudier le comportement mécanique d’un composite C/C stratifié sous des sollicitations mécaniques pouvant intervenir dans une situation de freinage. Ainsi, la compression et le cisaillement ont été particulièrement étudiés, afin de déterminer l’évolution des mécanismes d’endommagement en fonction de la température sous ces modes de chargement. Afin de mener à bien cette étude, plusieurs aspects expérimentaux ont été abordés, tels que la géométrie et la taille des éprouvettes, de même que les difficultés de mesures liées à la réalisation des essais mécaniques à hautes températures. C’est ainsi que des essais originaux de cisaillement interlaminaire à chaud ont pu être réalisés. Parallèlement à ces essais, la microstructure du matériau a été étudiée in-situ et post-mortem par une analyse multi-échelle (à l’échelle des strates, des torons et au niveau des fibres à l’intérieur des torons). L’évolution des propriétés mécaniques a été mise en relation avec les observations microstructurales pour les différents modes de chargement étudiés (compression « Z », compression « XY » et cisaillement interlaminaire), afin de proposer des scenarii d’endommagement du matériau en fonction de la température. Grâce à cette approche, le rôle majeur des dilatations thermiques différentielles des torons sur le frettage des aiguilletages a pu être mis en évidence pour des températures allant jusqu’à 1500°C. Pour des températures supérieures, des effets de plasticité ont été identifiés
Carbon/Carbon composites are used in aeronautics and space industries for their excellent thermomechanical properties, from room temperature to very high temperatures (up to 3000°C). Nevertheless, these properties and their evolution at elevated temperatures are not known well enough, specifically for braking-like solicitations such as plane braking or motorsport braking.The main objectives of this work was to study the mechanical behavior of this composite under mechanical solicitations that may occur during a braking situation. Thereby, compressive and shear behavior were studied in particular, in order to determine the evolution of the damage mechanisms depending on the temperature for these loading modes. In order to lead this study successfully, various experimental aspects have been approached, such as sample geometry, as well as measurements issues due to the mechanical testing at high temperatures. This is how original mechanical testing of the interlaminar shear behavior have been performed. Concurrently with these tests, the material microstructure has been studied in-situ and post-mortem with a multi-scale approach (at ply level, at yarn level and at fiber level inside the strands). The evolution of the mechanical properties has been linked to the microstructure evolution for the different loading modes (Z-compression, XY-compression and interlaminar shear) in order to propose damage scenario of the material as a function of the temperature. This approach allowed us to understand the major role of the thermal differential dilatations of the yarn on the shrinking of the needles for temperatures up to 1500°C. For temperatures higher than 1500°C, plasticity effects have been identified

Margueritat-Regenet, Caroline. "Elaboration et caractérisation de fils composites C/Al : infiltration spontanée et continue par activation chimique du mouillage." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005642.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer un procédé peu coûteux d'élaboration en continu, sous air et à pression atmosphérique, de fils composites à fibres longues de carbone (50% en volume) incorporées dans une matrice daluminium. Cela passe nécessairement par la maîtrise de deux problèmes inhérents au couple C/Al : le non mouillage des fibres par laluminium liquide en dessous de 900°C et la formation de carbures fragiles à l'interface carbone/aluminium liquide. L'activation chimique du mouillage est assurée par un sel fluoré à base de potassium et de zirconium. Il s'agit de dissoudre la couche d'alumine et d'engendrer localement une réaction exothermique suffisante à l'interface C/Al pour promouvoir le mouillage.
La mèche de fibre (Torayca T700S-12K) étant commercialisée avec 1% en masse densimage, une première étape a consisté en l'élimination de cette couche d'époxy par dégradation thermique sous air. D'une part, il a été construit un diagramme pour le choix des paramètres de désensimage (température du four, vitesse de défilement) minimisant la perte des propriétés mécaniques des fibres. D'autre part, la cinétique du phénomène de désensimage a été établie afin de prévoir le désensimage " dynamique " sur le pilote en connaissant le profil thermique de la mèche pour les conditions opératoires données.
La mèche est ensuite trempée dans une solution aqueuse saturée d'un sel fluoré à 95°C puis séchée sous air, dans la seconde étape, dite de traitement au flux pour laquelle les paramètres opératoires sont la vitesse de défilement et la composition du flux. Il s'est agi ici d'étudier, plus particulièrement, le vieillissement de la solution aqueuse et la qualité du dépôt de cristaux sur la mèche (morphologie, répartition et quantité). D'une manière générale, le coeur de la mèche est beaucoup moins bien traité que sa surface. Laction de plusieurs composés fluorés sur le mouillage des fibres par l'aluminium a été regardé. Un schéma réactionnel s'appuyant essentiellement sur une étude ATD a mis en évidence le rôle favorable de l'oxydation par l'air de l'aluminium natif pour l'imprégnation du coeur du composite. Comparée à la toute première réaction flux/alumine, cest principalement la réaction flux/aluminium liquide qui engendre lélévation suffisante de température permettant dinitier l'infiltration.
Enfin, la mèche passe par un bain d'aluminium liquide (99,7% en masse) à 710°C sous air : c'est l'étape d'infiltration dont les paramètres sont la température du bain et la vitesse de défilement. Dans cette dernière étape, le but était de définir la microstructure et les propriétés du fil composite élaboré selon les conditions optimales. Des observations fines au MET indiquent la présence de précipités Al3Zr et Al4C3 à linterface fibre/matrice. Cette adhésion chimique contribue à limiter la tenue mécanique du fil tout comme la distribution inhomogène des fibres, la présence de porosités naturelles et de cryolithe solidifiée. Le meilleur fil composite a été obtenu pour une vitesse lente (1m/min) et une température moyenne du bain (710°C)°. Sa résistance à la traction ne dépasse pas 520Mpa pour une fraction volumique de fibres de 40%, ce qui suggère de minimiser les dégradations diverses subies par le renfort dans les trois étapes et les défauts liés à l'infiltration réactive.

Thaury, Claire. "Optimisation de matériaux composites Si/Intermétallique/Al/C utilisés comme électrode négative dans des accumulateurs Li-ion." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1068/document.

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Ce mémoire est consacré à l'étude de matériaux composites innovants du type Si/Intermétallique/Al/C utilisés comme matériaux d'électrodes négatives pour les batteries lithium ion. L'objectif de ces travaux est d'optimiser un matériau de composition 20Ni-48Sn-20Si-3Al-9C ayant été développé auparavant pour obtenir les meilleures performances électrochimiques. Ce matériau se présente sous la forme de nanoparticules de silicium enrobées par une matrice submicrométrique. Plusieurs stratégies ont été mises en œuvre : optimisation des teneurs en carbone et en silicium, influence de l'état de surface du silicium sur les propriétés électrochimiques et remplacement de l'intermétallique Ni3+xSn4 par d'autres alliages : un composé zinc-aluminium Al0, 23Zn0,77 et deux intermétalliques Cu6Sn5 et CoSn. Les composés intermétalliques ont été synthétisés par métallurgie des poudres et les matériaux composites par mécanosynthèse. Les propriétés chimiques et structurales de ces matériaux ont été déterminées par microsonde de Castaing, diffraction des rayons X et microscopies électroniques. Les caractérisations électrochimiques ont été réalisées en demi-cellules (Swagelok et bouton) par cyclage galvanostatique et par voltamétrie cyclique. Ce mémoire détaille l'influence des paramètres étudiés sur les propriétés structurales. Une large étude a notamment été menée sur l'influence des teneurs en carbone et en silicium sur l'obtention d'une matrice homogène, une condition nécessaire pour atteindre de bonnes performances électrochimiques. Le même type d'étude a été mené sur l'influence de l'effet de surface du Si et la nature de l'alliage utilisé. Il a par exemple été montré de meilleurs résultats électrochimiques pour les intermétalliques présentant une réactivité modérée avec le silicium lors du broyage mécanique. Les meilleures performances ont été obtenues pour la composition Ni0.13Sn0.15Si0.26Al0.04C0.42. Ce composite présente une capacité de 650 mAh.g-1 pendant 1000 cycles. L'utilisation d'un silicium carboné en surface améliore la stabilité en cyclage de la SEI même si son utilisation reste à optimiser
This study focuses on the optimization of innovative composite materials Si/Intermetallic/Al/C used as negative electrode in lithium-ion batteries. The aim of this work is optimization of the composition for the material (20Ni-48Sn-20Si-3Al-9C) to improve its electrochemical performances. All materials are made up of silicon nanoparticles embedded in a sub micrometrical matrix. Several issues have been studied in this essay: optimization of the silicon and carbon contents, influence of the silicon surface composition, and substitution of the former intermetallic Ni3+xSn4 by other ones: zinc aluminium compound Al0,23Zn0,77 and two intermetallics Cu6Sn5 et CoSn. Metallic compounds and composites have been synthesised by powder metallurgy and mechanical alloying, respectively. Their chemical and structural properties have been determined by electron probe microanalysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical characterisations have been carried out by galvanostatic cycling and cyclic voltammetry in coin and Swagelok half cells. This report details the influence of the studied parameters on the structural properties of the composite materials. A large study was devoted to the influence of carbon and silicon contents on the achievement of a homogeneous matrix, which is mandatory to get good electrochemical performances. Influence of the composition of silicon surface and intermetallic on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of the composites was also studied. Thus, we have shown that intermetallics reacting moderately with Si during mechanical alloying have better electrochemical properties. The best electrochemical properties have been obtained for the nominal composition Ni0.13Sn0.15Si0.26Al0.04C0.42. This material provides a reversible capacity of 650 mAh.g-1 during 1000 cycles. The use of carbon coated silicon improves the stability of the SEI during cycling even if this composite still has to be optimized

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Книги з теми "Composite materials C":

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. A thermally modified matrix composite material with structural integrity to 371 C. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1988.

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Minnetyan, Levon. The C(T) specimen in laminated composites testing. Cleveland, Ohio: Lewis Research Center, 1996.

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Sliney, Harold E. PM200, PS200: Self-lubricating bearing and seal materials for applications to 900 C. Cleveland, Ohio: Materials Division, NASA Lewis Research Center, 1991.

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Sliney, Harold E. PM200, PS200: Self-lubricating bearing and seal materials for applications to 900 C. Cleveland, Ohio: Materials Division, NASA Lewis Research Center, 1991.

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Sliney, Harold E. PM200, PS200: Self-lubricating bearing and seal materials for applications to 900 C□. Cleveland, Ohio: Materials Division, NASA Lewis Research Center, 1991.

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Stephens, Joseph R. Intermetallic and ceramic matrix composites for 815 to 1370 C (1500 to 2500 F) gas turbine engine applications. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.

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F, Lung S., Gupta K. K, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division., eds. A three-node C ̊element for analysis of laminated composite sandwich shells. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1989.

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DellaCorte, Christopher. Experimentally determined wear behavior of an Al2O3-SiC composite from 25 to 1200 ̊C. [Washington, D.C.]: NASA, 1990.

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DellaCorte, Christopher. Experimentally determined wear behavior of an Al2O3-SiC composite from 25 to 1200 ̊C. [Washington, D.C.]: NASA, 1990.

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Частини книг з теми "Composite materials C":

Li, Jian Zhang, Jun Zhang, Li Tong Zhang, Lai Fei Cheng, and Yong Dong Xu. "Oxidation Behavior of Carbon Phase in 3D C/SiC Composites." In Composite Materials V, 43–47. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-451-0.43.

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Hou, Jun Tao, Sheng Ru Qiao, Guo Feng Lu, Cheng Yu Zhang, and Yue Bing Zhang. "Internal Friction of a 2D-C/SiC Composite from 25°C to 400°C." In Key Engineering Materials, 1509–12. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-456-1.1509.

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Ji, Yong Bing, Tie Hu Li, Qi Lang Lin, Chan Ging Fang, and Xiao Xian Wang. "Preparation of Mesophase Pitch from Coal Tar Pitch for C/C Composites." In Advances in Composite Materials and Structures, 165–68. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-427-8.165.

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Lin, Hao Tung, Jow Lay Huang, and Sheng Chang Wang. "Investigation of Hot-Pressed Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃/ Cr₃C₂ Nanocomposite." In Composite Materials V, 93–97. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-451-0.93.

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Favre, A., T. Birkel, and H. Fuzellier. "Reaction between Liquid Al (or Si) and Composite C/C Materials." In High Temperature Ceramic Matrix Composites, 334–40. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527605622.ch53.

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Zhao, Si Xin, Wei Wang, and Da Li Mao. "Bainite Transformation in Fe-0.34%C-Nb Steels." In Advances in Composite Materials and Structures, 117–20. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-427-8.117.

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Herlin, N., O. Croix, M. Cauchetier, M. Luce, and E. Musset. "Nanometric Si/C/N Composite Powders Formed by Aerosol — Laser Interaction." In Nanophase Materials, 117–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1076-1_16.

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Zhu, Yun Zhou, Ming Yuan, Zheng Ren Huang, Shao Ming Dong, and Dong Liang Jiang. "Effect of PCS Pyrolysis Process on C Fiber in C_f/SiC Composite." In Key Engineering Materials, 1284–86. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-410-3.1284.

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Tsuji, Nobumasa, Taiju Shibata, Junya Sumita, Masahiro Ishihara, and Tatsuo Iyoku. "Study on Structural Integrity of C/C Composite Using as Core Restraint Mechanism in HTGR." In Key Engineering Materials, 2720–26. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-978-4.2720.

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Tabrej, K., M. T. H. Sultan, M. Jawaid, A. U. M. Shah, and S. Sani. "Low Velocity Impact, Ultrasonic C-Scan and Compression After Impact of Kenaf/Jute Hybrid Composites." In Impact Studies of Composite Materials, 73–85. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1323-4_6.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Composite materials C":

MADENCI, ERDOGAN, ATILA BARUT, AMIN YAGHOOBI, ZHIYANG YAO, and YILE HU. "PERIDYNAMICS FOR MICROSTRUCTURAL DAMAGE MODELING OF 3D CARBON/CARBON (C/C) COMPOSITE MATERIALS." In Proceedings for the American Society for Composites-Thirty Eighth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc38/36652.

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This study presents a peridynamic model to investigate damage initiation in complex 3D C/C microstructures for optimal design and fabrication. The peridynamic theory unifies the mechanics of continuous and discontinuous media. It is a continuum approach without spatial derivatives, thus without mathematical singularities. It restores nonlocal interactions and introduces an internal length parameter (horizon of a point) which links different length scales. Because of these features, it enables autonomous multiple damage initiation sites and their complex interactions at unspecified locations along unguided paths. The numerical results concern damage initiation and growth in a complex 3D C/C microstructure. A repeating representative volume element (RVE) composed of yarns and surrounding matrix is constructed according to the periodic architecture of the 3D woven C/C composites. The analysis is conducted through a mixed implicit-explicit algorithm with GPU parallel computing. The strength properties of the constituents are used to determine the critical stretch for damage initiation and growth in the microstructure. The isolated initial micro cracks start merging as the load increases. Subsequently, the crack front reaches to the surface of a nearby fiber. However, the micro-crack cannot pass through that fiber directly. Instead, it deflects along the fiber direction and starts climbing up around the fiber lateral surface.ERDOGAN MADENCI

Dillingham, R., B. Campbell, and E. Kidd. "How Advanced Composite Materials Respond to Surface Treatment." In CAMX 2019. NA SAMPE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33599/nasampe/c.19.0727.

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Nur’aini, Farida Dewi, Sri Rahayu та Muhaimin Rifa’i. "NFКB activity decreased in BALB/c mice with high fat diet and fructose". У 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING (ICCMME 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4983416.

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Takegoshi, Masao, Fumiei Ono, Shuichi Ueda, Toshihito Saito, and Osamu Hayasaka. "Evaluation of Metallic-tube-cooled C/C Composite Structure by Rocket Combustor." In 48th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-2357.

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Kosaraju, Satyanarayana, Venu Gopal Anne, and Swapnil Gosavi. "Development of Hybrid Composites (Al-SiC-C) Through Stir Casting: Machinability Studies." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2659.

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Composite materials are important engineering materials due to their outstanding mechanical properties. Composite materials offer superior properties to conventional alloys for various applications as they have high stiffness, strength and wear resistance. The high cost and difficulty of processing these composites restricted their application and led to the development of reinforced composites. In the last two decades, wear studies on Particulate Metal Matrix Composites (PMMCs) reinforced with various reinforcements ranging from very soft materials like graphite, talc etc., to high hardened ceramic particulates like SiCp, Al2O3 etc., have been reported to be superior to their respective unreinforced alloys. Therefore, present work focused on the study of machinability of Al based binary composites reinforced with 8.5% SiC and Al based Hybrid composite reinforced with 8.5% SiC, 2% and 4% Graphite powder (Solid lubricant) have been studied by considering the effect of process parameters such as speed, feed, depth of cut and composition of material. Binary and hybrid composite materials have been casted by stir casting methodology. Experiments have been conducted using Design of Experiments approach to reduce the number of experiments and time. The cutting force and surface roughness in turning of both the binary and hybrid materials have been measured using cutting force dynamometer (4 component kistler dynamometer) and the roughness has been measured using surface roughness tester (Marsurf M400) simultaneously. The multi objective optimization has been carried out using Grey relational based Taguchi method. It was observed that feed was the most influencing factor compared to others factors and also results shown that the performance characteristics cutting force and the surface roughness are greatly enhanced by using Grey relational Analysis.

Chen, Zao, Harley H. Cudney, Victor Giurgiutiu, Craig A. Rogers, Robert Quattrone, and Justin Berman. "Full-scale ferromagnetic active tagging testing of C-channel composite elements." In Smart Structures and Materials '97, edited by Norris Stubbs. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.274640.

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BECKERMAN, L., T. GREENE, and T. CHRISTIAN, JR. "Thermoplastic composite C-130 belly skins - Design, manufacturing, and test." In 28th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-798.

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Mach, R., H. D. Klotz, C. Dreher, C. Olschewski, and H. Drost. "Si-C-N COMPOSITE POWDERS, THERMAL PLASMA SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION." In Progress in Plasma Processing of Materials, 1997. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/itppc-1996.940.

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Nikravan, A., H. R. Baharvandi, F. B. Jebelli, H. Abdizadeh, and N. Ehsani. "Microstructure and mechanical properties of pressureless sintered B 4 C-C composite using phenolic resin." In International Conference on Smart Materials and Nanotechnology in Engineering. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.780337.

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Inada, Yusuke, Makiko Kobayashi, Hajime Nagata, and Tadashi Takenaka. "Sol-gel composite materials for continuous monitoring at 600°C." In 2015 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2015.0212.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Composite materials C":

Bryant, C. A., S. A. Wilks, and C. W. Keevil. Survival of SARS-CoV-2 on the surfaces of food and food packaging materials. Food Standards Agency, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.kww583.

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COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was first reported in China in December 2019. The virus has spread rapidly around the world and is currently responsible for 500 million reported cases and over 6.4 million deaths. A risk assessment published by the Foods Standards Agency (FSA) in 2020 (Opens in a new window) concluded that it was very unlikely that you could catch coronavirus via food. This assessment included the worst-case assumption that, if food became contaminated during production, no significant inactivation of virus would occur before consumption. However, the rate of inactivation of virus on products sold at various temperatures was identified as a key uncertainty, because if inactivation does occur more rapidly in some situations, then a lower risk may be more appropriate. This project was commissioned to measure the rate of inactivation of virus on the surface of various types of food and food packaging, reducing that uncertainty. The results will be used to consider whether the assumption currently made in the risk assessment remains appropriate for food kept at a range of temperatures, or whether a lower risk is more appropriate for some. We conducted a laboratory-based study, artificially contaminating infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus onto the surfaces of foods and food packaging. We measured how the amount of infectious virus present on those surfaces declined over time, at a range of temperatures and relative humidity levels, reflecting typical storage conditions. We tested broccoli, peppers, apple, raspberry, cheddar cheese, sliced ham, olives, brine from the olives, white and brown bread crusts, croissants and pain au chocolat. The foods tested were selected as they are commonly sold loose on supermarket shelves or uncovered at deli counters or market stalls, they may be difficult to wash, and they are often consumed without any further processing i.e. cooking. The food packaging materials tested were polyethylene terephthalate (PET1) trays and bottles; aluminium cans and composite drinks cartons. These were selected as they are the most commonly used food packaging materials or consumption of the product may involve direct mouth contact with the packaging. Results showed that virus survival varied depending on the foods and food packaging examined. In several cases, infectious virus was detected for several hours and in some cases for several days, under some conditions tested. For a highly infectious agent such as SARS-CoV-2, which is thought to be transmissible by touching contaminated surfaces and then the face, this confirmation is significant. For most foods tested there was a significant drop in levels of virus contamination over the first 24 hours. However, for cheddar cheese and sliced ham, stored in refrigerated conditions and a range of relative humidity, the virus levels remained high up to a week later, when the testing period was stopped. Both cheddar cheese and sliced ham have high moisture, protein and saturated fat content, possibly offering protection to the virus. When apples and olives were tested, the virus was inactivated to the limit of detection very quickly, within an hour, when the first time point was measured. We suggest that chemicals, such as flavonoids, present in the skin of apples and olives inactivate the virus. The rate of viral decrease was rapid, within a few hours, for croissants and pain au chocolat. These pastries are both coated with a liquid egg wash, which may have an inhibitory effect on the virus. Food packaging materials tested had variable virus survival. For all food packaging, there was a significant drop in levels of virus contamination over the first 24 hours, in all relative humidity conditions and at both 6°C and 21°C; these included PET1 bottles and trays, aluminium cans and composite drinks cartons.

Hahn, Gail L. Accelerated Insertion of Materials - Composites (AIM-C) Methodology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada511880.

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Litaor, Iggy, James Ippolito, Iris Zohar, and Michael Massey. Phosphorus capture recycling and utilization for sustainable agriculture using Al/organic composite water treatment residuals. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600037.bard.

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Objectives: 1) develop a thorough understanding of the sorption mechanisms of Pi and Po onto the Al/O- WTR; 2) determine the breakthrough range of the composite Al/O-WTR during P capturing from agro- wastewaters; and 3) critically evaluate the performance of the composite Al/O-WTR as a fertilizer using selected plants grown in lysimeters and test-field studies. Instead of lysimeters we used pots (Israel) and one- liter cone-tainers (USA). We conducted one field study but in spite of major pretreatments the soils still exhibited high enough P from previous experiments so no differences between control and P additions were noticeable. Due to time constrains the field study was discontinued. Background: Phosphorous, a non-renewable resource, has been applied extensively in fields to increase crop yield, yet consequently has increased the potential of waterway eutrophication. Our proposal impetus is the need to develop an innovative method of P capturing, recycling and reuse that will sustain agricultural productivity while concurrently reducing the level of P discharge from and to agricultural settings. Major Conclusions & Achievements: An innovative approach was developed for P removal from soil leachate, dairy wastewater (Israel), and swine effluents (USA) using Al-based water treatment residuals (Al- WTR) to create an organic-Al-WTR composite (Al/O-WTR), potentially capable of serving as a P fertilizer source. The Al-WTR removed 95% inorganic-P, 80% to 99.9% organic P, and over 60% dissolved organic carbon from the agro-industrial waste streams. Organic C accumulation on particles surfaces possibly enhanced weak P bonding and facilitated P desorption. Analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM- EDS), indicated that P was sparsely sorbed on both calcic and Al (hydr)oxide surfaces. Sorption of P onto WW-Al/O-WTR was reversible due to weak Ca-P and Al-P bonds induced by the slight alkaline nature and in the presence of organic moieties. Synchrotron-based microfocused X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectrometry, bulk P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), and P K-edge micro-XANES spectroscopy indicated that adsorption was the primary P retention mechanism in the Al- WTR materials. However, distinct apatite- or octocalciumphosphatelike P grains were also observed. Synchrotron micro-XRF mapping further suggested that exposure of the aggregate exteriors to wastewater caused P to diffuse into the porous Al-WTR aggregates. Organic P species were not explicitly identified via P K-edge XANES despite high organic matter content, suggesting that organic P may have been predominantly associated with mineral surfaces. In screen houses experiments (Israel) we showed that the highest additions of Al/O-WTR (5 and 7 g kg⁻¹) produced the highest lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolial) yield. Lettuce yield and P concentration were similar across treatments, indicating that Al/O- WTR can provide sufficient P to perform similarly to common fertilizers. A greenhouse study (USA) was utilized to compare increasing rates of swine wastewater derived Al/O-WTR and inorganic P fertilizer (both applied at 33.6, 67.3, and 134.5 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) to supply plant-available P to spring wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) in either sandy loam or sandy clay loam soil. Spring wheat straw and grain P uptake were comparable across all treatments in the sandy loam, while Al/O-WTR application to the sandy clay loam reduced straw and grain P uptake. The Al/O-WTR did not affect soil organic P concentrations, but did increase phosphatase activity in both soils; this suggests that Al/O-WTR application stimulated microorganisms and enhance the extent to which microbial communities can mineralize Al/O-WTR-bound organic P. Implications: Overall, results suggest that creating a new P fertilizer from Al-WTR and agro-industrial waste sources may be a feasible alternative to mining inorganic P fertilizer sources, while protecting the environment from unnecessary waste disposal.

Orient, George, and Gail L. Hahn. Accelerated Insertion of Materials - Composites (AIM-C). Software Component Delivery Requirements. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada511881.

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Lease and Jones. PR-266-12213-R01 Minimizing Gas Compressor Lubricating Oil Consumption. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010085.

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One of the main sources of fouling in pipelines is related to the use of lubrication (and possibly over-lubrication) in reciprocating compressors. In addition to the obvious cost of lubricants, there are also many hidden costs associated with reciprocating compressor lubrication. Some of these hidden costs include disposal of collected oil, gas storage field contamination, scrubber cleaning, and loss of general pipeline efficiency. Minimizing reciprocating gas compressor lubrication oil consumption can address these costs while at the same time reducing the negative environmental impact associated with reciprocating compressor over-lubrication. One approach to minimize reciprocating compressor lubrication oil consumption is to use non-lubricated reciprocating compressor trim (e.g. filled PTFE composites). This report provides an in-depth evaluation of a wear test program performed on a variety of filled PTFE materials in air and a natural gas environment. This evaluation included comparison of this data to results provided in the open literature. One specific reference used as a comparison performed a comprehensive wear testing program on filled PTFE materials in a variety of gases (including methane) for a variety of dew points. Parameters evaluated in this study included the effect of dew point ranging from +0� C to -100� C, and the effect of various gas environment, including air, methane, propane, ethylene, and nitrogen.

Palhares Neto, Luiz, Leilane Gomes, José Marangon, Genilton Santos, and Cecílio Caldeira Júnior. Protocolo de micropropagação de Cattleya milleri, espécie endêmica do quadrilátero ferrífero criticamente ameaçada de extinção. ITV, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29223/prod.tec.itv.ds.2022.12.palharesneto.

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A espécie Cattleya milleri é uma orquídea endêmica dos Campos Rupestres Ferruginosos do Quadrilátero Ferrífero em Minas Gerais. Esta espécie é atualmente classificada como criticamente ameaçada de extinção sobretudo devido a restrição geográfica de sua ocorrência, degradação de seu habitat natural e reduzidas populações naturais. O estabelecimento de métodos de propagação e cultivo que possibilitem a rápida multiplicação desta espécie é etapa crucial para a conservação ex situ e também para o enriquecimento em áreas naturais e a manutenção da espécie em seu habitat. A micropropagação ou a propagação in vitro consiste na multiplicação em larga escala de plantas através do cultivo de células, tecidos, órgãos ou a planta inteira em meio nutritivo sob condições controladas de temperatura e luminosidade. As etapas da micropropagação são constantemente ajustadas de acordo com as necessidades das diferentes espécies. Diante disso, o objetivo do relatório foi descrever as etapas desenvolvidas para estabelecer o protocolo de micropropagação de C. milleri. O protocolo estabelecido foi dividido em quatro etapas: (1) coleta e assepsia do material vegetal, (2) estabelecimento e desenvolvimento in vitro, (3) aclimatização e rustificação e (4) reintrodução e monitoramento das mudas. Sementes de C. milleri foram retiradas de cápsulas maduras e transferidas para seringas. As seringas contendo as sementes foram preenchidas totalmente com a solução de hipoclorito de sódio (NaClO) a 0,3%. Após 12 minutos, em câmara de fluxo laminar, aproximadamente 1 mL da solução contendo as sementes foi adicionada em potes contendo 22 mL do meio de cultivo previamente esterilizado. O meio utilizado foi composto de sacarose (15g/L), fertilizante B&G® (3mL/L), carvão ativado (1,5g/L) e ágar nutriente (5g/L). A germinação foi observada em quase todas as sementes inoculadas, tendo início aos 25 dias. O processo de propagação in vitro de C. milleri teve duração de 18 meses, com dois episódios de repicagem durante esse período. As plantas responderam positivamente as condições in vitro, apresentando crescimento satisfatório da parte aérea e de raízes. Na etapa de aclimatização, as plantas enraizadas tiveram suas raízes lavadas e foram transplantadas para embalagens plásticas contendo musgo chileno e fragmentos de isopor. Após 450 dias de cultivo em estufa coberta com sombrite 80 (80% de interceptação) foi observada uma reduzida mortalidade de mudas. Posteriormente, plantas aclimatadas foram transplantadas para recipientes contendo substrato natural (contendo canga granular) e cultivadas em estufa com sombrite 80 e posteriormente em sombrite 50, onde permaneceram por 1.095 dias. Ao final da etapa de rustificação foram obtidas aproximadamente 3.000 mudas de C. milleri aptas para o plantio em ambiente natural. A reintrodução destas mudas ocorreu através do plantio das mudas na Serra da Calçada (MG). O monitoramento das plantas ocorre mensalmente com a quantificação das mudas sobreviventes. Após 2 anos de acompanhamento observou-se baixa taxa de mortalidade (-30%) e crescimento satisfatório das plantas. O processo de monitoramento continuará sendo realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os processos de floração e frutificação e recrutamento de novas plantas. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que a técnica de propagação in vitro é uma alternativa viável para a produção em larga escala de mudas de qualidade da espécie C. milleri. Uma vez que esta é uma espécie criticamente ameaçada de extinção, a reintrodução de plantas em ambiente natural contribui para o enriquecimento das populações existentes e, consequentemente, a conservação da espécie em seu ambiente natural. Uma próxima etapa importante será avaliar a diversidade genética da espécie para determinação das matrizes prioritárias para propagação