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Готові списки джерел за темами / Communism

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Communism"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 25 травня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Communism":

1

Rutland, Peter. "What Was Communism?" Russian History 37, no. 4 (2010): 427–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633110x528591.

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AbstractCommunism dominated the political history of the 20th century. Yet it remains an enigmatic force: how could a philosophy of universal liberation turn so quickly into an engine of oppression? How was it possible for a rag-tag movement of street protests and café conspirators to seize command of the Russian state, turn it into a military superpower, and spread revolution to other lands? Communism exemplified the pernicious role of ideology in modern mass society. Both the sudden rise of communism in the early 1900s, and its equally abrupt collapse in the 1980s, caught observers by surprise and confounded academic conventions. The three books under review here, written by distinguished British specialists on Soviet history, successfully convey the international sweep and complexity of the Communist phenomenon. While the focus is on the rise and fall of the Soviet Union, the authors also cover the spread of Communism to China, Africa and elsewhere, and its blunting in Western Europe. The impact of Communist thinking on the arts is also explored, especially by David Priestland. But the debate over the driving forces behind communism's initial success and ultimate failure will continue for years to come.

2

Mahadika, Alam. "Hermeneutika Komunisme Primitif." Aksiologi : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Ilmu Sosial 2, no. 2 (April 7, 2022): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47134/aksiologi.v2i2.73.

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This study aims to describe a more conceptual understanding of the Hermeneutics of Primitive Communism, using qualitative research with a socio-historical approach that analyzes the condition of language data and behavior in situations that consider the social and cultural context. In special needs, the survey results are obtained, for example, analyzing the results of the theories of primitive communal theory until the discovery of the primitive communist epistemology. The findings of this socio-historical research are that the explanation of Primitive Communism Hermeneutics has three first stages, primitive communalism or primitive communism called primitive society, the basic needs of life that depend on nature, primitive communism is in people who live by hunting with simple forms of agriculture, or herding animals. , the state of private property has not arisen, and there is not even a class division. People live in harmony and equality. Even as primitive communism, the means of production are collectively owned, and other types of property are distributed equally among the members of the tribe. After that, the birth of Pre-Marxism, namely after the life of primitive society, with the emergence of the classical period rejecting metaphysics and visible psychology of collective and individualist society. The last is the development of Karl Marx's ideas which wants a communist society through resistance by the feudal society and capitalism using a system of socialism.

3

Mahadika, Alam. "Hermeneutika Komunisme Primitif." Aksiologi : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Ilmu Sosial 2, no. 2 (April 7, 2022): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47134/aksiologi.v2i2.73.

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This study aims to describe a more conceptual understanding of the Hermeneutics of Primitive Communism, using qualitative research with a socio-historical approach that analyzes the condition of language data and behavior in situations that consider the social and cultural context. In special needs, the survey results are obtained, for example, analyzing the results of the theories of primitive communal theory until the discovery of the primitive communist epistemology. The findings of this socio-historical research are that the explanation of Primitive Communism Hermeneutics has three first stages, primitive communalism or primitive communism called primitive society, the basic needs of life that depend on nature, primitive communism is in people who live by hunting with simple forms of agriculture, or herding animals. , the state of private property has not arisen, and there is not even a class division. People live in harmony and equality. Even as primitive communism, the means of production are collectively owned, and other types of property are distributed equally among the members of the tribe. After that, the birth of Pre-Marxism, namely after the life of primitive society, with the emergence of the classical period rejecting metaphysics and visible psychology of collective and individualist society. The last is the development of Karl Marx's ideas which wants a communist society through resistance by the feudal society and capitalism using a system of socialism.

4

Mahadika, Alam. "Hermeneutika Komunisme Primitif." Aksiologi : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Ilmu Sosial 2, no. 2 (April 7, 2022): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47134/aksiologi.v2i2.73.

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This study aims to describe a more conceptual understanding of the Hermeneutics of Primitive Communism, using qualitative research with a socio-historical approach that analyzes the condition of language data and behavior in situations that consider the social and cultural context. In special needs, the survey results are obtained, for example, analyzing the results of the theories of primitive communal theory until the discovery of the primitive communist epistemology. The findings of this socio-historical research are that the explanation of Primitive Communism Hermeneutics has three first stages, primitive communalism or primitive communism called primitive society, the basic needs of life that depend on nature, primitive communism is in people who live by hunting with simple forms of agriculture, or herding animals. , the state of private property has not arisen, and there is not even a class division. People live in harmony and equality. Even as primitive communism, the means of production are collectively owned, and other types of property are distributed equally among the members of the tribe. After that, the birth of Pre-Marxism, namely after the life of primitive society, with the emergence of the classical period rejecting metaphysics and visible psychology of collective and individualist society. The last is the development of Karl Marx's ideas which wants a communist society through resistance by the feudal society and capitalism using a system of socialism.

5

Baehr, Peter. "Rebecca West on communism’s allure for the intellectuals: An appraisal." Thesis Eleven 168, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07255136211053388.

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Feminist activist, novelist, literary critic, bio-ethnographer, legal autodidact, and political writer: Rebecca West (1892–1983) was a 20th-century phenomenon. She was also a lifelong critic of communism’s appeal to the intelligentsia. Communism, West claimed, was attractive to three groups of intellectuals outside the Soviet bloc: a minority of scientists who viewed politics as merely a sum of technical problems to solve; the emotionally devastated for whom communism was a means of mental reorientation; and a déclassé segment of the middle class who envisaged communism as a means of material and status advancement. I examine West’s three explanations for communism’s allure, and then proceed to evaluate her account. My assessment is both empirical, using sociological data on American and European communist parties, and methodological, examining the techniques of West’s style, a mix of novelistic empathy and unmasking political partisanship. This mixture I consider fatal because while the novel, like historical interpretation, allows a generous understanding of human agents, unmasking tends towards caricature and denunciation.

6

Drinot, Paulo. "Creole Anti-Communism: Labor, the Peruvian Communist Party, and Apra, 1930–1934." Hispanic American Historical Review 92, no. 4 (November 1, 2012): 703–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-1727981.

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Abstract Recent research has reminded us of the centrality of anti-Communism to the politics of the Cold War in Latin America. This article focuses on a form of anti-Communism that I call creole anti-Communism, which predated the Cold War and was not imposed from abroad or indeed from above. In Peru, anti-Communism proved a key idiom through which the Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana (APRA) sought to gain control over organized labor and to challenge the Peruvian Communist Party’s claims to represent and lead workers. APRA’s anti-Communism grew out of Víctor Haya de la Torre’s polemics with José Carlos Mariátegui and with the Comintern. But it was also shaped by APRA’s evolving strategy in relation to organized labor in the early 1930s. I focus on the ways in which APRA came to view labor autonomy vis-à-vis the party and, more generally, workers’ rejection of Communist attempts to politically control the labor movement as key tactics in its broader struggle against the Peruvian Communist Party. In a context of growing repression of everything associated with Communism, APRA proved adept at channeling, and benefiting from, a form of labor anti-Communism, or anti-Communism from below, by adapting its own strategy toward labor.

7

Fanani, Muhammad Farih, and Siti Maimunah. "GERAKAN KOMUNIS DALAM SAREKAT ISLAM DI SURAKARTA TAHUN 1918-1926 M." Thaqafiyyat : Jurnal Bahasa, Peradaban dan Informasi Islam 20, no. 1 (May 25, 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/thaq.2021.20104.

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In the early 1920s, the Sarekat Islam as an organization Islam had the influence from the communists. Communism in Sarekat Islam (SI) has almost had an even impact from the CSI to Local SI. It is a clash between two different ideologies. Communist entry into SI can also be felt in Surakarta. In Surakarta communist movement activity was represented by H. Misbach. He played a major role in instilling communist ideology through the newspapers, Medan Moeslimin and Islam Bergerak. However, Misbach has a different view of communism. As a person who was born and raised in a religious environment, he tried to find a middle ground between the religion he believed in and his support for communism. Misbach developed the idea of Islamic communism. The idea sought to harmonize and find common ground between Islam and communism.

8

Yew, Leong. "MANAGING PLURALITY: THE POLITICS OF THE PERIPHERY IN EARLY COLD WAR SINGAPORE." International Journal of Asian Studies 7, no. 2 (June 15, 2010): 159–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591410000057.

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Mainstream histories of the Cold War have tended to reduce the events surrounding Southeast Asian decolonization and nationalism to the universal notions of ideological confrontation, bipolarity, and the global division between a capitalist and communist camp. This obscures how multiple entities – the former colonial powers, different classes and ethnic groups, and local elites of different ideological and political persuasion – come into contention as they negotiate for a place in postcolonial society. Thus this article examines the case of Singapore in the 1950s and 1960s and argues that these forms of contention provincialize experiences with nationalism, communalism, and communism and by so doing disconnect them from the dominant narratives of the Cold War. I examine various texts by British colonial officials, communist and non-communist political figures, and university students that show how British attempts at managing a decolonizing entity were offset by the local intelligentsia's ambivalence in coming to terms with nationalism and communism.

9

Mevius, Martin. "Reappraising Communism and Nationalism." Nationalities Papers 37, no. 4 (July 2009): 377–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990902985637.

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There are two popular myths concerning the relationship between communism and nationalism. The first is that nationalism and communism are wholly antagonistic and mutually exclusive. The second is the assertion that in communist Eastern Europe nationalism was oppressed before 1989, to emerge triumphant after the Berlin Wall came down. Reality was different. Certainly from 1945 onwards, communist parties presented themselves as heirs to national traditions and guardians of national interests. The communist states of Central and Eastern Europe constructed “socialist patriotism,” a form of loyalty to their own state of workers and peasants. Up to 1989, communists in Eastern Europe sang the national anthem, and waved the national flag next to the red banner. The use of national images was not the exception, but the rule. From Cuba to Korea, all communist parties attempted to gain national legitimacy. This was not incidental or a deviation from Marxist orthodoxy, but ingrained in the theory and practice of the communist movement since its inception.

10

Mates, Lewis. "'We want real live wires, not gas pipes': Communism in the inter-war Durham coalfield." Twentieth Century Communism 23, no. 23 (November 10, 2022): 51–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/175864322836165607.

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Durham was the second largest and best unionised interwar British coalfield. With some leading pre-war Durham miner militants sympathetic to communist inspired movements after 1920, there seemed to be considerable potential for the CPGB's growth. The 'communist moment' seemed to arrive in 1926. The Durham miners' leaders' inactivity during the general strike and after, contrasted with communists' apparent dynamism, made for excellent propaganda. Hundreds duly flocked to the CPGB throughout the coalfield in those heady months of late 1926. Yet the factors that aided communism's growth while the dispute raged had the opposite impact after the miners' defeat. A successful counter-attack by local Labour and miners' leaders, coal owner victimisation and the defeatism and demoralisation it engendered, as well as the general depressed state of the industry that brought short time and unemployment, saw Durham communism retreat rapidly in 1927. The district CPGB's own shortcomings also played a part. Both before 1926 and after 1934, communist influence was most readily exerted through Labour Party miner activists who had never been CPGB members. Their political careers suggest why communism did not gain a stronger independent foothold in the Durham coalfield.

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Дисертації з теми "Communism":

1

Kersh, Natasha. "Processes of transition in education in Latvia : aspects of policy reforms and development with particular reference to financing and privatisation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365568.

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2

Stephens, A. W. "The Comintern and Asia : ideas and realities." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/124493.

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The 'April Theses' submitted by Lenin to the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party early in 1917 included a call for the foundation of a new international socialist movement to guide and coordinate world communism.'*' In Lenin's opinion there were two main imperatives for such an organisation: the need to provide an alternative to the reformist (as opposed to revolutionary) Second International; and the perceived imminence of socialist revolution throughout Europe. The First Congress of the Communist International subsequently convened in Moscow in March 1919, by which time the Bolsheviks had seized state power in Russia and revolutionary prospects elsewhere still appeared favourable. Under Lenin's forceful patronage, the Comintern seemed set to play a leading role in the attempt to realise those prospects.

3

Sehgal, Rajeev Kumar. "Alienation, freedom and Communism." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271180.

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4

Tanasoiu, Iuliana-Cosmina. "Intellectuals and politics : from Communism to post-Communism : the case of Romanian intellectuals." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409445.

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5

Uhl, Katharina Barbara. "Building communism : the Young Communist League during the Soviet thaw period, 1953-1964." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:485213b3-415d-4bc1-a896-ea53983c75f8.

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The present study focuses on the activity of the Young Communist League (Komsomol) to promote the communist project during the so-called Thaw period in the Soviet Union (1953-1964). The term ‘communist project’ describes the complex temporal triangle in which the relevance of the present was rooted in its relationship to the heroic past and the bright future. Young people were supposed to emulate the heroism of previous generations while fighting remnants of the undesired past. This was presented as a precondition for achieving the communist future. The structure of this study reflects the chronology of the communist project. It analyzes the rhetoric used by the Young Communist League to promote the communist project and explores the strategies used to mobilize youth for building communism. The first chapter focuses on the organizational structure of the Komsomol and assesses its readiness for this task. Despite attempts to strengthen horizontal communication and control, streamline administration and reorganize its structure, the Komsomol remained hierarchal and bureaucratic. The second chapter explores the promotion of past heroism in rituals, social practices and the use of public space. The third chapter is also concerned with the past; it describes the Komsomol’s fight against ‘remnants of the past’, primarily religion and deviant behaviour such as hooliganism, heavy drinking and laziness. The final chapter focuses on the Komsomol’s attempts during the Thaw to bring about the future: its efforts in the economy, moral, political and cultural education, and the realm of leisure.

6

Kokosalakis, Yiannis. "The Communist Party in Soviet society : communist rank-and-file activism in Leningrad, 1926-1941." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22993.

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This thesis examines a little studied aspect of the Soviet Union’s history, namely the activities of the mass membership of the Communist Party during the interwar period, specifically 1926-1941. Based on extensive research in central and regional party archives, it revisits a number of specialised scholarly debates by offering an account of key processes and events of the period, including rapid industrialisation and mass repression, from the viewpoint of rank-and-file communists, the group of people who had chosen to profess active support for the regime without however acquiring positions of political power. The account provided is in the form of an in-depth case study of the party organisation of the Red Putilov – later Kirov – machine-building plant in the city of Leningrad, followed by a shorter study of communist activism in another major Leningrad institution, the Red-Banner Baltic Fleet. It is shown that all major political initiatives of the leadership generated intense political activity at the bottom levels of the party hierarchy, as the thousands of rank-and-file members interpreted and acted on central directives in ways that were consistently in line with their and their colleagues’ interests. As these interests were hardly ever in harmony with those of the corresponding level of the administrative state apparatus, the result was a nearly permanent state of tension between the executive and political branches of the Soviet party-state at the grassroots level. The main argument offered is that ultimately, the rank-and-file organisations of the communist party were an extremely important but contradictory element of the Soviet Union’s political system, being a reliable constituency of grassroots support for the regime while at the same time placing significant limits on the ability of state organs to actually implement policy. This thesis therefore challenges interpretations of Soviet state-society relations based on binary narratives of repression from above and resistance from below. It identifies instead an element of the Soviet system where the line between society and the state became blurred, and grassroots agency became possible on the basis of a minimum level of active support for the regime. It is further argued that the ability of the mass membership to influence the outcome of leadership initiatives was predicated on the Marxist-Leninist ideological underpinnings of most major policies. In this way, this thesis also contributes to the recent literature on the role of ideology in the Soviet system. The concluding chapter considers the value of the overall findings of this thesis for the comparative study of 20th century socialist states.

7

Mishler, Paul C. "The littlest proletariat: American Communists and their children, 1922-1950." Thesis, Boston University, 1988. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/38078.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
This is a study of the political culture of the Communist Party of the United States as seen through the activities and programs they organized for children. Beginning in the early 1920s Communist-organized children's activities were designed to transmit the values and ideology of the movement to, what they hoped, would be the next generation of radicals. These activities ranged from children's organizations, such as the Young Pioneers of America, to a variety of after-school programs, cultural groups, and summer camps. Through the use of oral historical sources as well as printed and manuscript documents, this study explores the ways participation in the Communist movement was an aspect of the activists daily lives, intertwined with their concerns about their families and communities. In providing for the education and socialization of their children, Communists confronted the issue of their own place within American culture. For many, that relationship was structured by their own immigrant backgrounds, and their interest in maintaining their ethnic culture in the face of Americanization. For others, it was the search for those aspects of the American tradition which would be compatable with their radical social and political beliefs. Embedded in these children's activities were a multiplicity of ideals for what a socialist United States would look like. In the programs they organized for children Communists expressed autopian spirit, which is common to all radical movements. Thus, Communists' ideas about the role of the family and the process of child-rearing, and their attempt to counter the hostile influences of public schools, established religion, and organizations such as the Boy Scouts reflected their concerns about the relationship between themselves and their children and between their families and American society. In the organizations and activities they created for their children the Communists expressed their view of their place in history and their hopes for the future.
2031-01-01

8

McCorquindale, John Derek. "Spatial Practices of Icarian Communism." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2352.pdf.

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9

Salmons, Kristi B. "Witchcraft, communism and social control." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2003. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=353.

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10

Parker, Douglas Scott. "Women in communist culture in Canada : 1932 to 1937." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22614.

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During the Great Depression of the 1930s, many artists, writers, and dramatists joined the Communist Party of Canada and its cultural wing, the Progressive Arts Club. They produced plays, and contributed articles, poems and stories to socialist magazines, such as Masses and New Frontier. As the depression deepened and radical politics became less sectarian, women played a more prominent role in the cultural realm of radical politics. Their increased participation changed the way women were represented in art and literature; women's roles became less stereotypical, and women artists and writers combined both socialist and feminist concerns in their work. The journal New Frontier, founded by Jean "Jim" Watts and edited by two women and two men, provides numerous examples of socialist-feminist writing. Dorothy Livesay, one of the editors and a member of the Communist Party from 1932 to 1937, deserves special attention for her contribution to Canadian literature of social protest.

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Книги з теми "Communism":

1

International, Communist. The manifesto of the Moscow International. Montréal: Educational Press Association, 1996.

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2

Stephen, White. Communists after Communism. Glasgow: Centre for the Study of Public Policy, University of Strathclyde, 1994.

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3

Collins, Edward M. Myth, manifesto, meltdown: Communist strategy, 1848-1991. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 1998.

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4

McMeekin, Sean. The red millionaire: A political biography of Willi Mnzenberg, Moscow's secret propaganda tsar in the West. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003.

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5

Hoover, John Edgar. A study of communism. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1994.

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6

Verdès-Leroux, Jeannine. La foi des vaincus: Les "révolutionnaires" français de 1945 à 2005. Paris: Fayard, 2005.

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7

Grand, Alexander J. De. In Stalin's shadow: Angelo Tasca and the crisis of the left in Italy and France, 1910-1945. Dekalb, Ill: Northern Illinois University Press, 1986.

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8

Chmielewska-Szlajfer, Helena. Reshaping Poland’s Community after Communism. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78735-0.

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9

Tauno, Saarela, and Rentola Kimmo, eds. Communism national & international. Helsinki: Suomen Historiallinen Seura, 1998.

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10

Draper, Theodore. The roots of American communism. Chicago: I.R. Dee, 1989.

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Частини книг з теми "Communism":

1

Lange, Barbara. "Community and Communism." In Rethinking Postwar Europe, 75–96. Köln: Böhlau Verlag, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/9783412514020.75.

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2

Simpson, Navagaye, and Francis Grice. "Communism." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74336-3_176-1.

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3

Mandel, Ernest. "Communism." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1888–91. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_76.

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4

Mandel, Ernest. "Communism." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–3. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_76-1.

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5

Toscano, Alberto. "Communism." In The SAGE Handbook of Marxism, 409–29. 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781529714371.n23.

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6

Parker, Ian. "Communism." In The Marx through Lacan Vocabulary, 45–54. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003212096-5.

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7

Rowcroft, Andrew. "Communism." In Karl Marx, 117–30. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429357022-12.

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8

Kassab, Hanna Samir. "Communism." In The Power of Emotion in Politics, Philosophy, and Ideology, 125–44. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-59352-8_7.

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9

Mandel, Ernest. "Communism." In Marxian Economics, 87–90. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20572-1_14.

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10

Simpson, Navagaye, and Francis Grice. "Communism." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies, 218–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74319-6_176.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Communism":

1

Jing, Zaiping. "Ideological Connotation of Early Communism in the Communism Principle and the Communist Manifesto." In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities (ICCESSH 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccessh-19.2019.450.

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2

Șancariuc, Delia-Raluca, and Dragoș Cosmin-Lucian Preda. "Initial Conditions and Monetary Freedom in Former Communist Countries: An Instrumental Variable Approach." In Seventh International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2021.27.

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Economic literature has widely discussed the importance of institutions in general, and that of monetary freedom in particular, for economic growth in post-communist countries, yet less is known about the determinants of institutional quality in these countries. While some studies argued that initial social conditions matter for institutional building, not much empirical work has been done to econometrically demonstrate their influence. The present paper fills this void by using regression analysis in order to assess the impact of the strength of civil society right after the fall of communism on monetary freedom in subsequent years, on a sample of former communist countries. As a simple OLS regression is prone to endogeneity problems, the author uses an instrumental variable approach, instrumenting the initial strength of civil society through the number of victims of terror during communism. The paper proves that the initial strength of civil society has a positive, significant and sizeable impact on monetary freedom 5-6 years after the transition process has begun.

3

REPANOVICI, Angela, Vlad BATRANU-PINTEA, Elisa DAN, Liviu TOADER, and Adrian Paul TULIGA. "DAILY LIFE IN COMMUNISM. AN APPROACH THROUGH PERSONAL OBJECT ANALYSIS." In 10th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2023. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2023/s10.44.

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The present paper wants to analyze the perception of communism. It is structured in two main parts: the theoretical preliminaries and the case study. In the first part, we will build a theoretical base about the main concepts that influenced the cultural world and daily life during the years of communist dictatorship in Romania. In the second part, we analyzed a database composed of photographs of objects chosen by the respondents as significant for the period we are talking about. We want to see what are the reasons that made the research participants opt for the respective objects and what significance they had for the history of Romanian anthropology and sociology. The research hypotheses on which this paper was built are two in number. The first of them starts with the fact that the objects had a major importance in the formation of a collective memory and identity in a turbulent period from a political, economic, and social point of view. The second one looks at the object as a method of flaunting one's status or escaping from everyday life.

4

Swiecicki, Klaudiusz. "THEATRE AGAINST NON-HUMAN REALITY A FEW SENTENCES ABOUT THE THEATRE OF THE EIGHTH DAY." In 10th SWS International Scientific Conferences on ART and HUMANITIES - ISCAH 2023. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscah.2023/vs08.11.

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The Theatre of the Eighth Day from Poznan has been the phenomenon of the Polish independent theatre. It was founded in 1964 by students of the University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznan. As the students theatre of poetry, for the first few years it operated under the direction of Tomasz Szymanski. The change of the stage form began two years after the group was founded, when Zbigniew Osinski became involved with him. He brought fascination of the Grotowski's method. The Theatre of the Eighth Day marked their disagreement with the communism reality. Stanislaw Baranczak, one of the most talented poets of the Generation'68, joined the group. In the 1970s he was an activist of the anti-communist opposition. For last years, liberal, pro-European Poland has been experiencing an identity crisis. It seems that the demons have put in the forefront: religious obscurantism, anti-Semitism, xenophobia and sexism. Cultural and intellectual openness is replaced by populism and nationalism. The Theatre of the Eighth Day does not remain indifferent to these processes. As in the days of communism takes the side of the open society. The research methods adopted in the article are: analysis of performances, archival materials, photographs and documentary films. Interviews with actors were also conducted.

5

Ali, Mohd Nor Shahizan. "Discourse Analysis on Reading Communism Via Independent Documentary Soundtracks." In Proceedings of the Fifth Prasasti International Seminar on Linguistics (PRASASTI 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/prasasti-19.2019.1.

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6

Li, Pengcheng, and Yanling Mei. "Research on the Formation of Marx and Engels' Communism." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Ecological Studies (CESSES 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cesses-18.2018.196.

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7

Smaçi, Etleva. "The Political Abuse of Military History in Albania During Communism." In The 7th International Conference on Research in Humanities and Social Sciences. Acavent, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/7th.icrhs.2023.05.115.

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8

Çetin, Meliha. "Cooperatives In Bulgaria In Transitional Periods." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c15.02755.

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After gaining its independence, Bulgaria was ruled first by the Kingdom, and after the Second World War, by Communism. After 1990, it switched to democracy and capitalist economy. In these periods, how the cooperatives were implemented in Bulgaria was examined and the success situation was analyzed. In the planned economy of communism, agriculture passed to cooperatives completely under state control. Ownership of land and means of production is limited by the constitution. After 1990, there has been a radical restructuring in the agricultural sector. Collective farms were disbanded and property rights in the lands were returned to their beneficiaries according to the new constitution. As a method, the comparative practices of Bulgarian economy and cooperatives in the transition periods were examined. The evolution of the agricultural policy in the Kingdom into cooperatives, the example of the understanding of cooperatives in the Soviet Union during the communist era, and the compatibility of the Western states with the free market economy in the transition to democracy were analyzed. In this context, articles and books written in Turkish, English and Bulgarian were examined and the literature on the subject was searched. Cooperatives, which aimed to develop peasants and agriculture during the Kingdom period, became state-led during the socialism period, and unfortunately lost their fighting power after 1990, especially after the 1996/1997 crisis. Today, the main challenge for Bulgaria as an EU member is to reassess the role cooperatives can play in economic and social development through self-organization, self-help and solidarity among people.

9

Ziebinska-Witek, Anna. "COMMUNISM IN MUSEUMS SPACES OR HOW THE MEMORY CANNON IS FORMED." In 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018h/61/s07.005.

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10

Moisa, Gabriel. "Ideology and propaganda in the last years of the Ceaușescu regime. The case of Romanian cinema." In Latinitate, Romanitate, Românitate. Conferinţa ştiinţifică internaţională, Ediția a 7-a. Moldova State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59295/lrr2023.30.

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In the last part of the communist regime in Romania, it experienced a permanent degradation of the citizens’ standard of living. Despite increasingly aggressive propaganda, everyday reality revealed the growing problems of the regime. This general context present in Romanian society also had effects on the cinematographic field, where the propaganda accents increasingly targeted the entire population of Romania, with a special focus on the young generation. The latter had to be prepared much more carefully to increase the level of bearability, so as not to generate reactions of any kind. The study follows several aspects related to the way Romanian film was used as a propaganda tool by the Romanian regime in the last decade of communism in Romania.

Звіти організацій з теми "Communism":

1

Galiani, Sebastian, Jose Manuel Paz Miño, and Gustavo Torrens. Fighting Communism Supporting Collusion. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30166.

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2

Alesina, Alberto, and Nichola Fuchs Schuendeln. Good bye Lenin (or not?): The Effect of Communism on People's Preferences. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11700.

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3

Laudenbach, Christine, Ulrike Malmendier, and Alexandra Niessen-Ruenzi. The Long-lasting Effects of Living under Communism on Attitudes towards Financial Markets. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26818.

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4

Ragalie, Kelly. Dracula and Dictators: The Changes in Tourism in Romania After the Fall of Communism. Portland State University Library, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.40.

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5

Sascha O., Becker, Mergele Lukas, and Woessmann Ludger. The separation and reunification of Germany: Rethinking a natural experiment interpretation of the enduring effects of communism. Maastricht University, Graduate School of Business and Economics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26481/umagsb.2020009.

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6

Sascha O., Becker, Mergele Lukas, and Woessmann L. The separation and reunification of Germany: Rethinking a natural experiment interpretation of the enduring effects of communism. Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26481/umaror.2020003.

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7

Abramitzky, Ran, and Isabelle Sin. Book Translations as Idea Flows: The Effects of the Collapse of Communism on the Diffusion of Knowledge. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20023.

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8

Abramitzky, Ran, Travis Baseler, and Isabelle Sin. Persecution and Migrant Self-Selection: Evidence from the Collapse of the Communist Bloc. Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29310/wp.2022.07.

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How does persecution affect who migrates? We analyze migrants’ self-selection out of the USSR and its satellite states before and after the collapse of Communism using census microdata from the three largest destination countries: Germany, Israel, and the United States. We find that migrants arriving before and around the time of the collapse (who were more likely to have moved because of persecution) were more educated and had better labor market outcomes in the destination than those arriving later. This change is not fully explained by the removal of emigration restrictions in the Communist Bloc. Instead, we show that this pattern is consistent with more positive self-selection of migrants who are motivated by persecution. When the highly educated disproportionately forgo migrating to enjoy the amenities of their home country, persecution can induce them to leave.

9

Siebert, Rudolf J., and Michael R. Ott. Catholicism and the Frankfurt School. Association Inter-University Centre Dubrovnik, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53099/ntkd4301.

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The paper traces the development from the medieval, traditional union, through the modern disunion, toward a possible post-modern reunion of the sacred and the profane. It concentrates on the modern disunion and conflict between the religious and the secular, revelation and enlightenment, faith and autonomous reason in the Western world and beyond. It deals specifically with Christianity and the modern age, particularly liberalism, socialism and fascism of the 2Oth and the 21st centuries. The problematic inclination of Western Catholicism toward fascism, motivated by the fear of and hate against socialism and communism in the 20th century, and toward exclusive, authoritarian, and totalitarian populism and identitarianism in the 21st. century, is analyzed, compared and critiqued. Solutions to the problem are suggested on the basis of the Critical Theory of Religion and Society, derived from the Critical Theory of Society of the Frankfurt School. The critical theory and praxis should help to reconcile the culture wars which are continually produced by the modern antagonism between the religious and the secular, and to prepare the way toward post-modern, alternative Future III - the freedom of All on the basis of the collective appropriation of collective surplus value. Distribution and recognition problems are equally taken seriously.

10

Bergen McMurray, Bergen McMurray. HiveBio Community Lab - Education, Resources, Community. Experiment, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/1691.

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