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Статті в журналах з теми "Commercialisation of public sector research"
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Ballantyne, Angela, and Cameron Stewart. "Big Data and Public-Private Partnerships in Healthcare and Research." Asian Bioethics Review 11, no. 3 (September 2019): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41649-019-00100-7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are established to specifically harness the potential of Big Data in healthcare and can include partners working across the data chain—producing health data, analysing data, using research results or creating value from data. This domain paper will illustrate the challenges that arise when partners from the public and private sector collaborate to share, analyse and use biomedical Big Data. We discuss three specific challenges for PPPs: working within the social licence, public antipathy to the commercialisation of public sector health data, and questions of ownership, both of the data and any resulting intellectual property or products. As a specific example we consider the case of the UK National Health Service (NHS) providing patient data to Google’s DeepMind AI program to develop a diagnostic app for kidney disease. This article is an application of the framework presented in this issue of ABR (Xafis et al. 2019). Please refer to that article for more information on how this framework is to be used, including a full explanation of the key values involved and the balancing approach used in the case study at the end. We use four specific values to help analysis these issues: public benefit, stewardship, transparency and engagement. We demonstrate how the Deliberative Framework can support ethical governance of PPPs involving biomedical big data.
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Liddell, Max, and Margaret Liddell. "Honey, I shrunk the evaluator: Reflections on the 1990 National Evaluation Conference." Children Australia 16, no. 1 (1991): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200012293.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The 1990 National Evaluation Conference, a conference devoted to current developments in evaluation, left the authors with many concerns. This paper, after describing a few of the contributions which were of relevance to human services, explores some of the dilemmas. Is program evaluation a research activity or not? What are the implications of the commercialisation of the public sector? Is evaluation a tool to induce employee conformity? These questions are raised, and their implications for human services discussed.
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Baláž, Vladimír, Tomáš Jeck, and Miroslav Balog. "Economics of Biobanking: Business or Public Good? Literature Review, Structural and Thematic Analysis." Social Sciences 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2022): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11070288.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper reviewed the relevant scientific literature on the business and economics of biobanking to explore key themes and paradigms. The structural properties of the literature were investigated, such as key authors, journals, studies, as well as co-citation and co-authorship networks; the study revealed that the research on business and economics is a niche area within the vast biobanking literature. The research is concentrated in a relatively small number of journals, institutions, and countries, which is rather surprising given the substantial public investment in and concerns about biobank sustainability. The structural analysis also suggested major themes in research on biobanking business and economics and noted shifts in focus on specific themes. The commercialisation of samples is more acknowledged than before but under the condition of equitable sharing of benefits across various stakeholders. Most biobanks are heavily subsidised by the public sector and are considered public goods rather than business enterprises. This is OK, but underutilisation of specimens and low rates of cost recovery suggest that the current mainstream operating model is hardly sustainable. With many biobanks maturing, long-term sustainability became a key topic of the discussion on biobanking trends.
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Broggiato, Arianna, Thomas Vanagt, Laura E. Lallier, Marcel Jaspars, Geoff Burton, and Dominic Muyldermans. "Mare Geneticum: Balancing Governance of Marine Genetic Resources in International Waters." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 33, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 3–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-13310030.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract A fair and effective regime regulating benefit-sharing of marine genetic resources (mgr) in areas beyond national jurisdiction (abnj) must consider the inclusion of developing states, support scientific research and safeguard investments of the private sector. The present innovative proposal ensures a delicate balance through an approach based on open access, albeit with limitations. Access to mgr in abnj is facilitated, but conditional on the public release of collected samples and raw data. Adoption of the open access principle guarantees a powerful form of non-monetary benefit-sharing. The balance is maintained by the option for an extended embargo period, allowing samples and data to be kept confidential for a certain period, against payment to a biodiversity contribution fund. Monetary benefit-sharing, as a sector-negotiated percentage on revenue, could be imposed at the point of product commercialisation, and would offer a tangible payment system with a low transaction cost.
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Pleśniarska, Aleksandra. "The Intensity of University-Business Collaboration in the EU." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica 6, no. 339 (February 13, 2019): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.339.09.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It seems that collaboration between academia and the private sector represents one of important sources of knowledge transfer, which is a key element for creating the knowledge‑based economy. Moreover, knowledge transfer between universities and businesses is vital for innovation. The ability to create innovations is not only crucial for the development of enterprises but also for the development of a country’s economy. Business is interested in having access to the latest advances in science. On the other hand, activities of university are evolving from the basic functions of teaching and research to commercialisation of research results where the partnership with the private sector is one of the most important elements. Although there are numerous advantages of such collaboration, in reality, there are also constraints that hinder university‑business cooperation. The main purpose of the article is to present selected aspects of the intensity of university‑business collaboration in the Member States of the European Union (EU). In the first section of this article, advantages of and barriers to university‑business cooperation are discussed. In the second part, the discussion addresses the following factors: public‑private co‑publications per million population and the share of enterprises cooperating with academia. The ranking of the top universities that work with the most innovative firms is also presented in the article. The reflections will be based on the study of literature, European reports and documents. The main axis of investigation is a comparative analysis which draws its data from the Eurostat database. It is concluded that significant differences exist among the Member States – in countries such as Denmark, Sweden or Finland science‑business relations are at a good level. Furthermore, it seems that in the Member States of the EU large companies are more likely to engage in collaborations with higher education or public research institutions than small and medium‑sized enterprises (SMEs).
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Mufeeth, Musthapha, A.M. Nihab, and Noordeen Nusrathali. "Factors Affecting Commercialization of Home Garden Vegetables in Sri Lanka." Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting Studies 3, no. 1 (April 3, 2021): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jefas.2021.3.1.5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study was carried out to find the factors affecting commercialization of vegetable that produced from the home garden and its average level of commercialization. A structured questionnaire and field observation techniques were used to collect data from 232 randomly selected home gardeners in the South East part of Sri Lanka. The Tobit regression model was applied to study the significant factors that influenced home garden vegetables' commercialisation. The present study found that the average home garden vegetable commercialization level was 32.3 per cent. Further, the commercialization significantly (p<0.05) had a negative impact on the farmer’s level of education, family income, size of the family, health consciousness of home gardener, and losses by the pest and disease whereas the marital status, the number of family labours involved in home gardening and institutional supports significantly increase the commercialization. The research recommends that public and private sector involvement is needed to support through the training program and advisory services to control pest and disease attack. Further, the study area needs to be appreciated and promoted via appropriate policy intervention strategies to develop a good structure value chain and market.
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Arab, Zainab. "‘When Have Dolce and Gabbana Ever Cared about the Hijab?’ Social Media, Fashion and Australian Muslim Women’s Perceptions and Expression of Hijab." Religions 13, no. 11 (November 17, 2022): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13111115.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The scale of the representation of the Islamic head covering has increased exponentially over the last decade because of a range of factors, including growth in the modest fashion business sector and increased visibility of Muslim women in hijab in the public space. Social media has played a big role in changing perceptions of the Islamic head covering, via promotion and advertising. Meanwhile, the mainstream fashion industry has included options targeting the modest Muslim female market further, adding to changes in the representation and perception of the hijab. This research will examine the impact of social media and mainstream retail on Australian Muslim women’s perceptions and expressions of hijab. Using interviews and online surveys it explores the links between the fashion industry, social media, and changes in how Muslim women view the hijab. The majority of Australian Muslim women spoken to followed various hijabi bloggers or influencers although only a small proportion adopted recommendations from these hijabi bloggers or influencers (such as purchasing products, or incorporating suggestions on modest clothing or modest style trends). They believed migration, liberalism, social media marketing, and the inclusion of Muslim women in mainstream fashion has contributed to a form of commodification and commercialisation of the hijab. Furthermore, using hijab models as promotional tools to market the products, as well as the use of social media bloggers and influencers to represent them was perceived as tokenistic and disingenuous.
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Polák, J., J. Kumar, B. Krška, and M. Ravelonandro. "Biotech/GM crops in horticulture: plum cv. HoneySweet resistant to Plum pox virus." Plant Protection Science 48, Special Issue (December 12, 2012): S43—S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/37/2012-pps.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Commercialisation of Biotech/GM (Biotech) crops started in 1995. Not only field crops, but also horticultural transgenic crops are under development and are beginning to be commercialised. Genetic engineering has the potential to revolutionise fruit tree breeding. The development of transgenic fruit cultivars is in progress. Over the past 20 years an international public sector research team has collaborated in the development of HoneySweet plum which is highly resistant to Plum pox virus (PPV) the most devastating disease of plums and other stone fruits. HoneySweet was deregulated in the USA in 2010. HoneySweet (aka C5) has been evaluated for eleven years (2002–2012) in a regulated field trial in the CzechRepublic for the resistance to PPV, Prune dwarf virus (PDV), and Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), all of them being serious diseases of plum. Even under the high and permanent infection pressure produced through grafting, PPV has only been detected in HoneySweet trees in several leaves and fruits situated close to the point of inoculum grafting. The lack of infection spread in HoneySweet demonstrates its high level of PPV resistance. Co-infections of PPV with PDV and/or ACLSV had practically no influence on the quantity and quality of HoneySweet fruit which are large, sweet, and of a high eating quality. In many respects, they are superior to the fruits of the well-known cultivar Stanley. Many fruit growers and fruit tree nurseries in the CzechRepublic are supportive of the deregulation of HoneySweet plum to help improve the plum production and control the spread of PPV.
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Rankin, B. W. J., G. Taylor, and T. J. U. Thompson. "Should Higher Education respond to recent changes in the forensic science marketplace?" New Directions in the Teaching of Physical Sciences, no. 8 (February 12, 2016): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29311/ndtps.v0i8.491.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The evolution of forensic science within the United Kingdom over the past four decades has been rapid and dynamic. This has included policy responses to highly public miscarriages of justice, introduction of commercialisation and pioneering scientific developments such as DNA profiling. However even within this context, changes within forensic science over the last two years has been unprecedented; such as the closure of The Forensic Science Service; a Home Office review of Research and Development within forensic science; the challenges facing fingerprint identification as a result of The Fingerprint Inquiry (Scotland) and the embryonic development of a new professional body for the police force. Correspondingly, development of forensic science within Higher Education (HE) has been substantially transformed from a small number of Masters Courses in forensic science delivered by a small number of universities, to a plethora of undergraduate courses now available throughout the United Kingdom. This rapid expansion of forensic science courses has been openly criticised and debated and it is incumbent upon the university to not only focus on education but also to provide graduates with transferrable skills making them more employment ready. As a consequence HE establishments must be cognisant of and reactive to changes within any associated industry and respond to changes accordingly. However, have the universities delivering forensic science courses fully responded to these recent and unprecedented developments in the history of forensic science within the United Kingdom? This paper will consider the most recent changes to the forensic science marketplace and their ramifications for forensic science education within the HE sector. Challenges which have resulted from the changes will be highlighted and the educational impact on forensic science courses throughout the UK and their future will be evaluated in chronological order.
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ROHDEWOHLD, Rainer. "DEREGULATING THE PUBLIC SECTOR. PRIVATISATION AND COMMERCIALISATION IN NIGERIA." Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics 64, no. 4 (July 1993): 501–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8292.1993.tb01497.x.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Commercialisation of public sector research"
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Collier, Alan James, and not supplied. "Enhancing Australian Universities' Research Commercialisation." RMIT University. Management, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081027.163031.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Australian Government expects universities to engage in technology transfer and commercialisation (TT&C) and almost all universities have established a technology transfer office (TTO) for this purpose. The primary aim of this research was to identify what would enhance the overall performance of Australian universities in research commercialisation and industry uptake of the university research commercialisation outcomes. Four research questions were enunciated: 1 What are the systemic barriers to research commercialisation within Australian universities? 2 How could Australian universities overcome the systemic barriers to the commercialisation of university research? 3 How, in particular, could Australian smaller and regional universities enhance their research commercialisation capacity and performance? 4 How could the uptake by industry of Australian university research outcomes be improved? Question 1 was answered using a qualitative content analysis on the substantial body of literature available. Questions 2 and 3 were answered using multiple-case analysis involving eight Australian university case studies and comparing Australian university practice with five benchmark universities two from the US, two from Canada, and one from New Zealand. The first major conclusion was that there are three essential criteria upon which university TT&C success is built: institutional and senior executive support for TT&C superior TTO management; and sufficient world-class research being conducted. The second major conclusion was that the same key criteria for success in TT&C apply across the board, whether a university is smaller, regional, technical, new or old, research-intensive or otherwise. Question 4 was answered using case studies developed on five SME companies in the electronics industry in one Australian State and comparing these results with the outcome of a narrative review conducted on the literature to permit methodological triangulation. The research found a rich engagement occurring between universities and industry, with the most important element involving individual personal relationships.
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Ali, Hassan Ramraini. "The commercialisation of research by public-funded research institutes (PRIs) in Malaysia." Thesis, Ali Hassan, Ramraini (2012) The commercialisation of research by public-funded research institutes (PRIs) in Malaysia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2012. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/12179/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main focus of this research is to examine both the practices of research commercialisation by Public-funded Research Institutes (PRIs) in Malaysia, and to determine the key factors that influence the success of research commercialisation. PRIs in Malaysia consist of public research institutions and public universities. Previous research has identified several factors that are considered to be the key determinants of the success of research commercialisation. Factors assumed to contribute to the research commercialisation success include intellectual property ownership which covers both joint and individual ownership, entrepreneurial culture, motivation and skill, researcher compensation, early stage financing, financial incentives, commercialisation culture, rewards and promotion systems, relationship between PRIs and industry, nature of commercialisation policies, type of commercialisation method determined by institution, researcher involvement and the existence of a commercialisation unit. However, prior research has not examined the full set of factors in one comprehensive study. Previous research has individually identified success factors in the context of PRIs with no attempts being made to combine all factors together. This study aimed to address this gap in the literature.
This research was considered exploratory, and used a mixed methods research approach to identify those salient factors, which influenced commercialisation practices in PRIs. The data was collected in two phases. In phase one, qualitative data was collected using a semi-structured interview to identify factors considered to influence the success of vi commercialisation from the researcher point of view. In phase two, quantitative data was gathered using a survey to include a larger group of researchers to address the same research question. The total population of this study were researchers in 38 PRIs in Malaysia including public universities and public research institutes.
Results from the combined studies identified that the number of research commercialised by PRIs in Malaysia was relatively low. Key determinants impacting the success of commercialisation were identified as research ownership, researcher compensation and the presence of a commercialisation unit within PRIs. These three factors identified were consistent with previous research conducted on PRIs, but in combination are presented as the most salient to commercialisation success within the Malaysian context. The study has implications for research and practice. From a practical point of view, attention to these factors by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation need to be considered particularly during the allocation of future research grants, to further increase the percentage of successful research commercialisation by PRIs in Malaysia.
This thesis through its research and findings, have contributed theoretically to the existing literature on commercialisation and fill up the gap in the commercialisation literature. The listing of all key variables as carried out in this research is very crucial since most previous research focuses only on investigating one key success factor at a time in researching the key variables in the research commercialisation success. The three factors found to be significant predictors of commercialisation success suggest the need to examine factors that are unique to each institution and also to establish a common set vii of factors that can determine the research commercialisation success in any setting. The use of PRIs in this study also provides insights from the perspective of both universities and research institutions. This has lead to a greater understanding of commercialisation process in both institutions and that future researchers need to address these factors to confirm the validity of these factors in determining the success of research commercialisation.
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Marulanda-Carter, Laura. "Email stress and its management in public sector organisations." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14196.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Email stress: what are its causes? how is it measured? can it be solved? The literature review revealed that, despite the term being well used and recognised, discussions surrounding the root cause of email stress had reached little consensus and the concept was not well understood. By its very nature, email stress theory had fallen victim to the academic debate between psychological vs. physiological interpretations of stress which, as a result of either choice, limited more progressive research. Likewise an array of email management strategies had been identified however, whilst some generated quick successes, they appeared to suffer longevity issues and were not maintained a few months after implementation in the workplace. The purpose of this research was to determine whether email communication causes employees psychological and physiological stress and investigate the impact of email management strategies in the workplace. A pragmatic philosophy placed the research problem as central and valued the differences between paradigms to promote a mixed-method approach to research. The decision to pair both case studies and action research methods ensured a framework for presenting results and an actionable solution was achieved. In direct response to the research aims an original email stress measuring methodology was devised that combined various data collection tools to measure and investigate email stress. This research design was applied and evaluated 'email free time' and email filing. Results of the study showed an increased stress response to occur during email use, i.e. caused employees' increased blood pressure, heart rate, cortisol and perceived stress, and a number of adverse effects such as managing staff via email, social detachment, blame and cover-your-back culture were identified. Findings revealed 'email free time' was not a desirable strategy to manage email stress and related stressors, whereas email filing was found more beneficial to workers well-being. Consolidation of the data gathered from the literature review and research findings were used to develop an initial conceptualisation of email stress in the form of two models, i.e. explanatory and action. A focus group was conducted to validate the proposed models and a further investigation at the ? was carried out to critique the use of an email training intervention. The results showed some improvements to employees' behaviour after the training, e.g. improved writing style, email checked on fewer occasions each day and fewer sufferers of email addiction. The initial models devised, alongside the latter findings, were synthesised to create a single integrative multidimensional model of email stress and management strategies. The model made an original contribution to knowledge in terms of theory, i.e. to conceptualise email stress, and practice, i.e. to offer practical solutions to the email worker.
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Amorim, Eduardo Rafael dos Santos. "The human side of change: qualitative research on a public sector hospital merger." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9784.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsDespite an increasing prominence on both psychological and human aspects of mergers, available literature is still largely focused on financial and market sides of mergers. Challenges associated with redesigning internal processes, building up new teams or change deep-seated routines - acquired over time - are often underestimated. Mergers can offer valuable evidence on how difficult it is to implement change. A comparative qualitative research was conducted in order to assess the merger of two public Portuguese hospitals under the scope of readiness for organizational change. Results indicated that, in such an early stage of change, employees from both hospitals seem supportive towards change, showing remarkable togetherness identifying the need for change. Hence, compliance with top management decisions was also found to be high. A linkage was found between organizational tenure and the perceived readiness for organizational change, such that nurses working for a shorter period of time at both hospitals displayed higher levels of uncertainty regarding the possible outcomes associated with the merger.
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Johansson, Krafve Linus. "Public E-services and Electronic Identification –A Comparative Implementation Study of Swedish Public Authorities." Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Political Science, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-59291.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis presents an implementation study on the handling of electronic identification in three public authorities in Sweden. Electronic identification is a complex but very topical policy domain, largely tied to the general policy aspirations of e-government development. Theories on policy action, logic of appropriateness, garbage cans, and the dialectics of institutions and technology are used. The result highlights that the policy process of electronic identification in the three studied authorities could not be adequately explained from a traditional policy-implementation dichotomy. The action imperative to develop e-services is very strong and explains why and how electronic identification has been developed within the three authorities. The three authorities have very different institutional capacity to implement e-services with electronic identification. The available technology on electronic identification is inscribed with certain logics of appropriateness, that doesn’t sit equally easy with the administrative logics of appropriateness in all three authorities.
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Koljonen, H. "Building evaluation capacity in to a large public sector emergency service : an action research study." Thesis, University of Salford, 2012. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/29434/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This action research study investigated the feasibility of building evaluation capacity into the design process of Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service’s (GMFRS) community initiatives. GMFRS runs over 400 community initiatives every year and an appropriate evaluation framework is needed to provide evidence of their impact and effectiveness. Information that previous evaluation processes had failed to provide. The feasibility of establishing an evaluation framework for use by non-specialists users was explored, the development of a new evaluation system for GMFRS was examined critically, and the processes and challenges involved in embedding evaluation within a large public sector emergency service investigated. Mixed research methods -- document analyses, qualitative interviews, observations and focus groups -- were used in the three action research cycles conducted between April 2008 and April 2010. In cycle one, existing evaluation materials and key characteristics of the initiatives were assessed. GMFRS’s community initiatives were found to lack direction, and the existing evaluation tool lacked the detail required for use by personnel with no previous evaluation experience. Hence, new evaluation materials were developed and, in the second cycle, their use was observed, and interviews conducted to ascertain the barriers to evaluation practices. Lack of resources, organisational guidance, and support with evaluation activities were identified as barriers. In the third cycle focus groups were used to gain feedback on the usability of the new evaluation material and processes. The principal conclusions of the research are that there were no theoretical models and/or guidance to assist Emergency Services to develop internal evaluation capacity. Insufficient attention has been paid to organisational support processes to nurture individuals’ evaluation skills and abilities, and to assist complex organisations utilise evaluations. For evaluation to become an embedded and systematic activity, it has to be supported by a project management methodology that underpins evaluation processes.
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Sahle, Habtemichael Faniel. "The application of decision support systems in the Eritrean public sector." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50117.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The traditional skills required in government-wide local knowledge, sound political judgment and concern for the welfare of people-are still essential in the global information society. But, to be more effective, these skills now have to be supported by the new decision-making techniques of operations research and decision support systems. The capacity of the human mind to handle complex issues is limited. This situation of complexity and incapacity makes the application of operations research techniques and electronic DSS essential for good governance outcomes. Operations research is a multidisciplinary discipline that requires a team approach to decision making. It is based on systems analysis approach because of its preoccupation with interconnections among parts rather than within the parts themselves. This systems approach allows the optimization of an organization's overall goals, not just those of isolated departments. Optimization is one of the functions of operations research techniques. Linear programming models are most effective at the operational level of decision making with a single objective where scarce or limited resources must be allocated or used in an optimal manner. At the policy level where there are many uncertainties and conflicting objectives, multiobjective programming is more suitable. On the other hand, dynamic programming is flexible and is particularly applied whenever a sequence of decisions must be made and the goal is to find the combination of decisions that optimizes the overall effectiveness of the entire set of decisions. However, when a problem is too complex to be treated by numerical optimization techniques, simulation is used. That is when the problem either cannot be formulated for optimization, because the formulation is too large, there are too many interactions among the variables, or the problem is stochastic (probabilistic) in nature. Despite the analytical power of operations research, many real-world problems are not amenable to direct analytical solution by known mathematical techniques. Hence, in the absence of exact methods to solutions, we usually resort to heuristics, i.e. finding a good but not necessarily the best solution. Other problems encountered by public sector agencies include service stations (waiting lines), inventory levels, forecasting, and project scheduling, which all need decision support systems. To reduce the adverse impact of waiting to acceptable levels one has to minimize costs associated with providing service and those associated with waiting time. For smooth operations, inventory of goods must be kept to an acceptable level to minimize setup or ordering, inventory holding, and shortage (public complaints, and loss of good will and sales) costs. Forecasting is crucial as most managerial decisions are based on projected information and policy analysis is almost always about future outcomes. Many government policies and programs are implemented through projects. Project managers must know how long a specific project will take to finish, what the critical tasks are, and what the probability of completing the project within a given time span is. Successful applications of operations research and decision support systems in the public sector have been recorded including in the areas of the military, transportation, crime and justice, police units, energy, natural resources, facility location, and land use planning. However, operations research applications are not without impediments. Technical and institutional barriers are some of the problems encountered in the effort to apply operations research in the public sector. Similarly, reasons for the slow growth of decision support systems include lack of user demand, lack of system designer motivation, lack of system designer expertise, reluctance to change, and increased risk of failure In the Eritrean public sector, the low level of awareness of operations research and decision support systems is reflected in the inadequacy of addressing multicriteria decision processes, the lack and lor inappropriate selection of decision support systems, improper project management techniques, suboptimal facility locations and service stations, the low level of multidisciplinary approach, and the absence of national standards for pollution control. In general, constraints such as the lack of capacity, awareness, know-how, and software, are rampant. The study concludes that policy-making processes should incorporate opportunities to exercise choices and explore rational options. These rational options are the results of appropriate interface of human, operations research and decision support systems.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die tradisionele vaardighede wat van 'n regering verwag word - wye kennis van plaaslike omstandighede, goeie politieke oordeel en besorgdheid oor die welvaart van mense - was nog altyd belangrik in die moderne wêreld. Hierdie vaardighede moet egter ondersteun word deur die nuwe besluitnemingstegnieke van operasionele navorsing en besluitnemings ondersteuningstelsels om effektief te wees. Die vermoë van die menslike brein om komplekse kwessies te hanteer, is beperk. Hierdie situasie van kompleksheid aan die een kant en onvermoë aan die ander kant maak die aanwending van operasionele navorsingstegnieke en elektroniese besluitneming nodig vir goeie regeringsuitkomste. Operasionele navorsing is 'n multidisiplinêre disipline wat 'n spanbenadering tot besluitneming benodig. Dit is baseer op die sisteemanalise benadering omdat dit gaan oor interkonneksies tussen onderdele en nie soseer oor die onderdele self nie. Hierdie sisteembenadering maak die optimisering van die sisteem se oorhoofse doelwitte moontlik, nie net die doelwitte van geïsoleerde departemente nie Optimisasie is een van die funksies van operasionele navorsing. Liniêre programmeringsmodelle is meer effektief op die operasionele vlak van besluitneming met 'n enkel doelwit waar skaars of beperkte bronne toegewys of gebruik moet word op 'n optimale wyse. Op die beleidsvlak waar baie onsekerhede en botsende doelwitte voorkom, is multi-doelwit programmering meer geskik. Aan die ander kant is dinamiese programmering meer toepaslik en buigsaam, veral as dit toegepas word waar 'n reeks besluite geneem moet word en die doel is om 'n kombinasie van besluite te vind wat die oorhoofse effektiwiteit van die hele stel besluite optimiseer. Sekere probleme is egter te kompleks om met numeriese optimisering op te los, omdat die probleem nie geprogrammeer kan word vir optimisering nie, omdat die formulasie te groot is, daar te veel interaksies tussen die veranderlikes is, of die probleem stogasties van aard is. Dan kan simulasies oorweeg word om oplossings te probeer vind. Ten spyte van die analitiese krag van operasionele navorsing, kan baie werklike probleme nie direk deur analitiese wiskundige tegnieke opgelos word nie - altans nie deur bekende wiskundige tegnieke nie. As 'n presiese oplossing nie moontlik is nie, kan kan 'n heuristiese oplossing ondersoek word, d.w.s. 'n goeie, maar nie noodwendig die beste oplossing nie. Ander probleme wat deur die openbare sektor ondervind word, sluit in diensstasies, inventarisvlakke, voorspellings, en projekskedulering. Hulle benodig almal besluitnemingsstelsels vir effektiewe oplossings. Om die wagtydperk te verminder tot 'n aanvaarbare vlak moet die koste verbonde aan die verskaffing van die diens en die koste verbonde aan wagtydperke minirniseer word. Om 'n operasie glad te laat verloop moet die inventaris van goedere op 'n aanvaarbare vlak gehou word om die koste van bestellings, die byhou van voorrade en tekorte (klagtes van die publiek, die verlies aan vertroue en verkope) te minirniseer. Voorspelling is van die uiterste belang vir hierdie doel, omdat bestuursbesluite baseer is op geskatte syfers en beleidsontleding betrekking het op toekomstige uitkomste. Baie regeringsbeleide en -programme word deur projekte geïmplementeer. Projekbestuurders moet weet hoe lank dit sal neem om 'n projek te voltooi, wat die belangrike take is en hoe waarskynlik dit is dat die projek betyds voltooi sal word. Operasionele navorsing en besluitnemingsondersteuning stelsels is al suksesvol aangewend in die volgende openbare sektore: militêre funksies, vervoer, misdaad en justisie, die polisie, energie, natuurlike hulpbronne, en die beplanning van grondgebruik. Tegniese en ander hindernisse word egter soms ondervind by die gebruik van operasionele navorsingstegnieke in die openbare sektor. Redes hoekom die gebruik van sulke stelsels so stadig toeneem, sluit in die gebrek aan aanvraag van verbruikers, die gebrek aan stelselontwerp motivering, die gebrek aan stelselontwerp vaardighede, onwilligheid om te verander en die groter risiko van mislukking. In die openbare sektor van Eritrea word die lae vlak van bewustheid van operasionele navorsing en besluitnemingsondersteuning stelsels gereflekteer in 'n onvermoë om dit te gebruik, die gebrek aan of verkeerde keuse van sulke hulpmiddels, verkeerde bestuurstegnieke, suboptimale plasing van dienspunte, die afwesigheid van multi-disiplinêre benaderings, en die afwesigheid van nasionale standaarde vir die beheer van besoedeling. Beperkings soos 'n gebrek aan kapasiteit, bewustheid, kennis en sagteware kom algemeen voor. In hierdie studie word daar tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat beleidmakende prosesse die geleentheid behoort in te sluit om keuses te maak en om verskillende opsies te toets. Hierdie rasionele opsies is die gevolg van die regte interaksie tussen die mens, operasionele navorsing en besluitnemingsondersteuning stelsels.
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Butler, Sean Christopher. "Academic-industry links : a study of the performance and perceptions of scientists in public sector research." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7796.
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Theron, Paul Richard. "Public and private sector involvement in the provision of electricity in urban areas of South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21961.
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Bibliography: pages 163-172.This study examines the involvement of public and private sector institutions in the provision of electricity in urban areas of South Africa. Access to electricity in South Africa is highly unequal and little progress is currently being made to bring electricity to all, mainly due to institutional and financial problems. The focus on public and private sector roles is adopted because of the social importance and economic nature of electricity provision, the global and national significance of privatisation policies, and the current importance of allocating appropriate roles to the public and private sectors in widening access to services, including electricity, in South Africa. The distribution sector of the South African electricity supply industry (ESI) is highly fragmented. Municipal electricity departments, which mostly serve white residential, commercial and industrial areas, are generally highly profitable and provide an effective service, but are not highly efficient by international standards. These departments are self-sufficient in the implementation of electrification projects, and have access to adequate capital to finance such projects. Electricity distribution authorities set up to serve black areas, especially electricity departments of black local authorities, are ineffective, and often financially unsound. Due to the weakness of public authorities charged with the task of undertaking electrification projects in black areas, the implementation of these projects is dependent on the involvement of private electrical consultants and contractors. However, few such projects are currently being undertaken due to inappropriate planning and shortages of concessionary finance. After close consideration of the benefits and drawbacks of public and private involvement in range of activities that arise from electricity provision, it is concluded that the key challenges facing the ESI in South Africa will best be met if the distribution sector is restructured on a regional basis in order to utilise existing expertise, and retained within the public sector. Accelerated electrification initiatives, planned and co-ordinated by these distribution authorities, would draw upon the experience and capabilities of private electrical consultants and contractors. Public sector leadership in mobilising both public and private investment would also be necessary. Thus, whilst public institutions would be dominant, important roles would remain for the private sector in the provision of electricity in urban areas. The results of this study suggest that far from privatising service provision in South Africa, it will be essential to allocate a dominant role to the public sector in widening access to services to all.
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Coster, Coenraad Jorke, and Wijk Sjoerd Van. "Lean project management : An exploratory research into lean project management in the Swedish public and private sector." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-108020.
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This study looks at the differences in lean project management between projects done in the public sector and projects done in the private sector. The private sector consist of companies around Sweden, while municipalities are representing the public sector in this study. This study is based on the understanding that the lean philosophy can have advantages for the efficiency of project management, both for the private and the public sector, knowing that there are differences in the nature of these organizations. This thesis begins with an introduction that explains the theory that is important for this research, and that describes the research gap that has been found. The research gap is the basis for the research questions. After defining the research questions, an examination has been done on existing literature about the concepts of lean, project management, project managers, and lean project management. Prior research gives ideas about the challenges project managers encounter, and shows in what way lean can influence the efficiency of projects. As part of this qualitative research, and with an inductive approach, 12 semi-structured interviews have been conducted. During this interviews, project managers and persons with a connection to projects in the different organization were asked to describe projects in their organizations. This study is exploratory and has a cross-sectional design as the center of attention was on different organizations from both the private and the public sector in different parts of Sweden. In the analysis the results of the interviews are categorized and interpreted. The results show that projects are used in every organization, making use of, in almost every case, a project model which makes sure that different projects are run in similar ways. Although different organizations make use of the principles of lean, no organization is implementing the ideas completely. Major differences that have been found are differences in the background of the project manager, the level of standardization of projects, and differences in efficiency that in many situations are caused by legislation. It became clear that projects in the private sector are organized in a stricter way, with experienced project managers that follow project models strictly. In the public sector projects are mostly led by project managers that are interested in a certain project, and in those organizations project models are not followed strictly. As for lean projects, we have found no real evidence that any organization is currently having projects organized according to the lean principles. This can be expected however, seeing that lean project management is a generally unexplored part of the lean philosophy.
Книги з теми "Commercialisation of public sector research"
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Link, Albert N. Evaluating public sector research and development. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 1996.
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Crouch, Colin. Commercialisation or citizenship: Education policy and the future of public services. London: Fabian Society, 2003.
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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. National Audit Office. Delivering the commercialisation of public sector science: Report by the Comptroller and Auditor General. London: Stationery Office, 2002.
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Governing fables: Learning from public sector narratives. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Pub., 2011.
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Associates, Ekos Research, and Task Force on the Future of the Canadian Financial Services Sector., eds. Public opinion research relating to the financial services sector. Ottawa: The Task Force on the Future of the Canadian Financial Services Sector, 1998.
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Jansen, Dorothea, ed. Governance and Performance in the German Public Research Sector. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9139-0.
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Piñeiro, Martín. Latin American agricultural research: The public sector: problems and perspectives. The Hague, Netherlands: International Service for National Agricultural Research, 1985.
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eiro, Martin Pin. Latin American agricultural research: The public sector : problems and perspectives. The Hague: International Service for National Agricultural Research, 1985.
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Heisey, Paul W. Public sector plant breeding in a privatizing world. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2001.
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A, Campbell B., and Rogers S. J, eds. An initial bibliography of Australian public sector organisations. Townsville: Organisational Studies Unit, James Cook University, 1985.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Commercialisation of public sector research"
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Smith, Russell G. "Public Sector Criminological Research." In The Palgrave Handbook of Australian and New Zealand Criminology, Crime and Justice, 33–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55747-2_3.
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Loucks, Daniel P. "Public Sector Systems." In International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, 13–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93986-1_2.
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AbstractA discussion of the nature of public systems and their management. Examples of public systems and the services they provide show how complicated and complex they can be, and the challenges analysts have in providing information useful to those responsible for providing and managing them. Case studies involving modeling to improve system performance are briefly described as are the lessons learned from them.
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Gottschall, Karin, Bernhard Kittel, Kendra Briken, Jan-Ocko Heuer, Sylvia Hils, Sebastian Streb, and Markus Tepe. "Research Design and Methods." In Public Sector Employment Regimes, 50–65. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137313119_3.
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Diefenbach, Fabian E. "Research Methods." In Entrepreneurship in the Public Sector, 87–117. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-6816-6_5.
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Baru, Rama V., and Anuj Kapilashrami. "Unpackaging the private sector in health policy and services." In Global Health Governance and Commercialisation of Public Health in India, 117–35. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge/Edinburgh South Asian studies series: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351049023-8.
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Chelst, Kenneth. "Implementation in the public sector." In Encyclopedia of Operations Research and Management Science, 380–85. New York, NY: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0611-x_440.
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Graham, Jove. "Public Sector Research, Development, and Regulation." In Series in Biomedical Engineering, 100–113. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76495-5_9.
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Jain, P. K., Seema Gupta, and Surendra S. Yadav. "Research Methodology to Assess the Financial Performance of PSEs." In Public Sector Enterprises in India, 69–97. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1762-6_4.
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Golembiewski, Robert T. "Policy Initiatives in Worksite Research: Implications from Research on a Phase Model of Burn-out." In Promoting Productivity in the Public Sector, 209–27. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08885-0_12.
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Kalemis, Konstantinos. "Crowdfunding in Universities as an Alternative Way of Financial Support in Research." In Crowdfunding in the Public Sector, 137–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77841-5_9.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Commercialisation of public sector research"
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Picazo-Vela, Sergio, Isis Gutiérrez-Martinez, and Luis F. Luna-Reyes. "Social media in the public sector." In the 12th Annual International Digital Government Research Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2037556.2037587.
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Kolmakov, Vladimir V. "Health Sector Performance Under Public-Private Partnership." In International Conference «Responsible Research and Innovation. Cognitive-crcs, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2017.07.02.56.
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PODSIADLO, Piotr. "State aid for employment and competitiveness of the European Union countries - a legal and finance approach." In Current Trends in Public Sector Research. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9646-2020-11.
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Due to the imperfect functioning of labour markets in certain cases, State aid may be an appropriate instrument for creating new jobs and preserving existing ones. Legal regulation of the issue of State aid is an element of the competition mechanism protection, which was recognized in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). This paper discusses guidelines for implementation of art. 107–109 of the TFEU, from the point of view of State aid for employment. Statistical analysis was carried out on State aid granted by EU Member States in the period 2001–2018 – from the perspective of its impact on competitiveness of these countries. This should lead to verify the thesis that the amount of State aid granted by EU Member States for employment should be positively correlated with the size of the GDP per capita of these countries.
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BEKTAŞ, Belkıs, and Özhan ÇETİNKAYA. "An Assessment of the Public Financial Indicators with Budget Data in Turkey: Review post- 2000." In Current Trends in Public Sector Research. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9646-2020-1.
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There have been changes in public financial indicators in Turkey after the year of 2000. In this paper, these changes were evaluated together with the budget data. In this context, this paper aims to reveal positive or negative effects of budget data on public financial indicators. The 2008 global financial crisis formed the external direction of the negativity in public financial indicators. In particular, before and after 2008, negative developments have been experienced in public financial indicators except for some years. The 2008 global financial economic crisis had also negative impacts on public financial indicators. Moreover, both general and local elections are a negative factor in public spending discipline in Turkey. Since the local elections, the ruling government has chosen extender budget policies as fiscal policies to win the elections. According to the findings of this study, it was determined that Turkey moved away from the Maastricht criteria after 2008, which stemmed from negative developments in budget data.
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MUHARREMI, Oltiana, Lorena CAKERRI, and Filloreta MADANI. "Impact of Fiscal Decentralization Reforms in Albania." In Current Trends in Public Sector Research. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9646-2020-10.
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Decentralization and fiscal decentralization constitute one of the most followed trends for political and economic reform in recent years around the world. Albania, in the 1990s, begins its process of transitioning from a centralized economy to a free-market economy. This process is accompanied by transforming existing economic mechanisms and infrastructure to better function the free-markets model, but above all, with the need to develop and create new legal, institutional, economic, and social instruments and spaces to increase the allocation and efficiency of public and private resources. The objective of this study is to give an appropriate answer to the question: What has been the impact of decentralization reforms on the performance of public services provided by local government? The research paper will focus on the role that improvements and legislative changes play in the country's economic growth. Within the past two decades, progress is made in advancing decentralization reform, but there are still many challenges ahead, such as the lack of a clear legal and regulatory framework. Adding to that concern is the financial autonomy of local governments, which remains a challenge for the future. The research methodology used will be a descriptive analysis of data obtained from the Ministry of Finance and Economy and local municipalities on the impact of the reforms. Recommendations and suggestions will be given on the reforming process, as well as ways to increase the efficiency of local government units.
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ROZMARINOVÁ, Jana. "Health Technology Assessment. Literature Review." In Current Trends in Public Sector Research. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9646-2020-12.
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Health Technology Assessment (HTA) is one of the tools that can be used to support rational and objective decision-making in healthcare in the endeavour to contain public expenditure while maintaining the availability of healthcare interventions. The complex process of HTA often struggles to find its place in public policies and faces pressure from various stakeholders. HTA has existed since the 1970s and as a formal process has its roots in the United States. During the 1980s, HTA began to spread outside the US and over the next twenty years, reached almost all European countries, including some countries in Central Europe. The rise of HTA brought about an exponential increase in the empirical studies of HTA available in academic databases. This study reviews the available literature to analyse the development and research topics and the potential pitfalls of HTA implementation.
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SIDKI, Marcus, David BOLL, and Harry MÜLLER. "Do Public Enterprises Manage Earnings? Evidence from Germany." In Current Trends in Public Sector Research. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9646-2020-13.
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Earnings management is among the most extensively analysed topics of empirical accounting research since the 1980s. However, studies have focussed on commercial enterprises only and not yet properly covered the case of public enterprises. We try to close this research gap by modelling the management incentives to ma-nipulate earnings with reference to institutional economic theory. Based on that, we analyse the financial reporting of 14,800 German public companies over a period of 16 years. The data shows clear signs of earn-ings management for those public enterprises that are more independently run, rather detached from tradi-tional municipal activities, and operating in a more competitive market environment, which is in line with our theoretical model.
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GOMBITOVÁ, Dagmar. "Integrating Delphi and AHP methods in long-term policy decisions." In Current Trends in Public Sector Research. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9646-2020-2.
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This paper presents the application of expert decision methods for the formulation and prioritisation of the long-term economic, social and environmental policies in the Slovak Republic. The Partnership Agreement for the Slovak Republic is an underlying strategy for investments from the European Structural and Investment Funds in the period 2021-2027. Policies implemented under the Partnership Agreement will allocate €13.4b on four policy objectives. This paper concentrates on the policy objective 4 ‘Social development’. The authors co-operated with the Deputy Prime Minister Office and assembled panels of top Slovak experts on social and economic issues. The Delphi and Analytical hierarchy process methods were combined for analysing major development challenges and eliciting policy priorities. The methods combined the bottom-up and top-down approaches to policy making. Consecutive rounds of the ‘classical Delphi’ generated consensus by experts on major development challenges of the Slovak Republic in period 2021-2027. The ‘policy Delphi’ encouraged structured public dialogue in order to generate policy alternatives for solving development challenges. The Analytical Hierarchy Process enabled the structuring of complex policy decision problems. A hierarchy of decision goals, decision alternatives and decision criteria was constructed. Some nine policy measures were drafted and prioritised.
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HUDEC, Martin. "Pork barrel politics in context of Action Plan - Support of Least Developed Districts." In Current Trends in Public Sector Research. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9646-2020-3.
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The aim of the paper Pork barrel politics in context of Action Plan Support of Least Developed Districts is to find out and describe if and by which means the attributes of Pork barrel politics were present in redistribution of funds from Regional grants, which were part of Action Plan – Support of Least Developed Districts. Secondary aim is to see how receiving of this grant could have helped in reelection of incumbent in next election. An Index of political patronage was assembled to measure the level of pork barreling. Based on party affiliation, mayors with connections to government were not highly favored when receiving grant, not even in the case of affiliation with party, which redistributed the grants. Neither there were no significant differences in the odds of reelection based on whether the incumbent received a grant or not, that is an unexpected result relative to other research in the field
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HULÍNSKÝ, Lukáš. "Salaries of elected officials as municipal budget expenditure." In Current Trends in Public Sector Research. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9646-2020-4.
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Remuneration of politicians is a relevant social issue that is worth to research. Salaries of local representatives in the Czech Republic are set by law and their size is in case of municipalities derived by municipal population. At the same time municipal councils are free to choose, how many elected officials will serve full time and get paid for that service and how many will keep their proper jobs or entrepreneurships and serve only part time and get quite symbolic remuneration. This choice may result in substantial differences in total related budget expenditure in otherwise similar municipalities. The purpose of the paper is to describe the system of local elected officials’ remuneration and its evolution since 2010 and to analyse municipal expenditure on elected officials’ remuneration in Czech towns with 10 to 50 thousand inhabitants between 2010 to 2018. A key part of the research is the collection of data from local government budgets, their processing and construction of appropriate indicators. Subsequently, these indicators will be analysed through the basic statistical methods resulting in comparison of the selected municipalities.
Звіти організацій з теми "Commercialisation of public sector research"
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Keefer, Philip, Sergio Perilla, and Razvan Vlaicu. Research Insights: Public Sector Employee Behavior and Attitudes during a Pandemic. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003388.
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New data on public sector employees from 18 Latin American countries shed light on the role of trust in the performance of government agencies. An original survey conducted during the first COVID-19 wave includes randomized experiments with pandemic-related treatments. Individual-level trust in coworkers, other public employees, and citizens is positively related to performance-enhancing behaviors and policy attitudes. High-trust and low-trust respondents report different assessments of their main work constraints. Also, they draw different inferences and prefer different policy responses when exposed to data-based framing treatments about social distancing outcomes in their countries.
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Jore Ali, Aisha, Javier Fuenzalida, Margarita Gómez, and Martin Williams. FOUR LENSES ON PEOPLE MANAGEMENT IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR. People in Government Lab, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-peoplegov-wp_2021/001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We review the literature on people management and performance in organisations across a range of disciplines, identifying aspects of management where there is clear evidence about what works as well as aspects where the evidence is mixed or does not yet exist. We organise our discussion by four lenses, or levels of analysis, through which people management can be viewed: (i) individual extrinsic, intrinsic, and psychological factors; (ii) organisational people management, operational management, and culture; (iii) team mechanisms, composition and structural features; and (iv) relationships, including networks, leadership, and individuals’ relationships to their job and tasks. Each of these four lenses corresponds not only to a body of literature but also to a set of management tools and approaches to improving public employees’ performance; articulating the connections across these perspectives is an essential frontier for research. We find that existing people management evidence and practice have overemphasised formal management tools and financial motivations at the expense of understanding how to leverage a broader range of motivations, build organisational culture, and use informal and relational management practices. We suggest that foregrounding the role of relationships in linking people and performance – relational public management – may prove a fertile and interdisciplinary frontier for research and practices.
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Muyanga, Milu, Adebayo, B. Aromolaran, Thomas, S. Jayne, Saweda Liverpool-Tasie, Titus Awokuse, Adesoji Adelaja, Elijah Obayelu,, Fadlullah, O. Issa, and Yanjanani Lifeyo. Changing Farm Structure and Agricultural Commercialisation: Implications for Livelihood Improvements Among Small-Scale Farmers in Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.034.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research in several African countries shows the rapid rise of a medium-scale farming (MSF) sector. While national development policy strategies within the region officially regard the smallholder farming sector as an important (if not the main) vehicle for achieving agricultural growth, food security, and poverty reduction objectives, the meteoric rise of emergent farmers warrants their inclusion in efforts to understand the changing nature of farm structure and food value chains in Africa. The main objective of this working paper is to examine MSF1 as a potential pathway toward increased agricultural commercialisation.
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Lam, Terence, and Keith Gale. Construction frameworks in the public sector: Do they deliver what they promise? Property Research Trust, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52915/sbuk7331.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We demonstrate that the use of Performance Frameworks for the procurement of construction projects by public sector organizations in the UK (specifically, in England) leads to significantly improved outcomes in terms of time, cost, quality, sustainability and closer relationships, than the traditional ‘open tender’ approach of procuring discrete projects, individually. We identify the factors that lead to such improvements. We label these: supplier’s task performance factors (project staff, execution approach, competence of firm and structure of firm); supplier’s contextual performance factors (trust and collaboration, culture and conscious behaviour); and client’s organisational factors (incentives, performance monitoring, procurement approach and communication). And we offer a performance improvement model that will help project managers to select the most appropriate suppliers at the procurement phase, to achieve successful project outcomes. The model can also be used to drive project performance further, by adopting client’s organisational factors during the procurement and construction phases. By applying the research conclusions, suppliers will be able to focus on communicating their strengths in the relevant aspects of task and contextual performance for technical tender proposals, and so increase the value of their services and the probabilities of winning work. And the analysis can be used by policy makers to help in drafting regulations and legislation on formal frameworks, in ways that will improve the delivery of policy objectives.
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Takeshima, Hiroyuki. Public-sector maize research locations and spatial heterogeneity in maize productivity: Insights from four African countries on the roles of agroclimatic similarity. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134843.
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Merten, Martina, Susann Roth, and Fazilah Shaik Allaudin. Public Health Innovations for COVID-19: Finding, Trusting, and Scaling Innovation. Asian Development Bank, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200283-2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The public and private sector, civil society, and academic institutions have developed many innovative solutions to manage public health aspects of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Innovators have focused on tools for surveillance, supply chain management, clinical trials, diagnosis, communication, and developing vaccines. These have been supplemented by research collaboration platforms, isolation and hospital upgrading novelties, as well as risk stratification resources. This paper provides an overview of these solutions to enhance the evidence-based application of innovative public health approaches. The author’s also propose that a “living platform” for sharing public health innovations is developed.
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Mayfield, Colin. Higher Education in the Water Sector: A Global Overview. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/guxy9244.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Higher education related to water is a critical component of capacity development necessary to support countries’ progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) overall, and towards the SDG6 water and sanitation goal in particular. Although the precise number is unknown, there are at least 28,000 higher education institutions in the world. The actual number is likely higher and constantly changing. Water education programmes are very diverse and complex and can include components of engineering, biology, chemistry, physics, hydrology, hydrogeology, ecology, geography, earth sciences, public health, sociology, law, and political sciences, to mention a few areas. In addition, various levels of qualifications are offered, ranging from certificate, diploma, baccalaureate, to the master’s and doctorate (or equivalent) levels. The percentage of universities offering programmes in ‘water’ ranges from 40% in the USA and Europe to 1% in subSaharan Africa. There are no specific data sets available for the extent or quality of teaching ‘water’ in universities. Consequently, insights on this have to be drawn or inferred from data sources on overall research and teaching excellence such as Scopus, the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities, the Times Higher Education, the Ranking Web of Universities, the Our World in Data website and the UN Statistics Division data. Using a combination of measures of research excellence in water resources and related topics, and overall rankings of university teaching excellence, universities with representation in both categories were identified. Very few universities are represented in both categories. Countries that have at least three universities in the list of the top 50 include USA, Australia, China, UK, Netherlands and Canada. There are universities that have excellent reputations for both teaching excellence and for excellent and diverse research activities in water-related topics. They are mainly in the USA, Europe, Australia and China. Other universities scored well on research in water resources but did not in teaching excellence. The approach proposed in this report has potential to guide the development of comprehensive programmes in water. No specific comparative data on the quality of teaching in water-related topics has been identified. This report further shows the variety of pathways which most water education programmes are associated with or built in – through science, technology and engineering post-secondary and professional education systems. The multitude of possible institutions and pathways to acquire a qualification in water means that a better ‘roadmap’ is needed to chart the programmes. A global database with details on programme curricula, qualifications offered, duration, prerequisites, cost, transfer opportunities and other programme parameters would be ideal for this purpose, showing country-level, regional and global search capabilities. Cooperation between institutions in preparing or presenting water programmes is currently rather limited. Regional consortia of institutions may facilitate cooperation. A similar process could be used for technical and vocational education and training, although a more local approach would be better since conditions, regulations and technologies vary between relatively small areas. Finally, this report examines various factors affecting the future availability of water professionals. This includes the availability of suitable education and training programmes, choices that students make to pursue different areas of study, employment prospects, increasing gender equity, costs of education, and students’ and graduates’ mobility, especially between developing and developed countries. This report aims to inform and open a conversation with educators and administrators in higher education especially those engaged in water education or preparing to enter that field. It will also benefit students intending to enter the water resources field, professionals seeking an overview of educational activities for continuing education on water and government officials and politicians responsible for educational activities
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Forrester, Donald, Sophie Wood, Charlotte Waits, Rebecca Jones, Dan Bristow, and Emma Taylor-Collins. Children's social services and care rates in Wales: A survey of the sector. Wales Centre for Public Policy - Cardiff University, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54454/20220311.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wales has seen a rise in both the number and rate of children looked after. The rate is now higher than any time since the 1980s. In addition, Wales has consistently had more children looked after per 10,000 of the population than the rest of the UK. This trend is a cause for concern; particularly the impact on the outcomes of children who are taken into care in terms of educational attainment, health, unemployment, homelessness, and criminal justice. Moreover, the Covid-19 pandemic is expected to have worsened the situation. To understand better the factors influencing care rates, the Welsh Government commissioned the Wales Centre for Public Policy and the Centre for Children’s Social Care Research and Development (CASCADE) at Cardiff University to undertake a survey with the children’s social care (CSC) workforce.
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Muhoza, Cassilde, Wikman Anna, and Rocio Diaz-Chavez. Mainstreaming gender in urban public transport: lessons from Nairobi, Kampala and Dar es Salaam. Stockholm Environment Institute, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The urban population of Africa, the fastest urbanizing continent, has increased from 19% to 39% in the past 50 years, and the number of urban dwellers is projected to reach 770 million by 2030. However, while rapid urbanization has increased mobility and created a subsequent growth in demand for public transport in cities, this has not been met by the provision of adequate and sustainable infrastructure and services. The majority of low-income residents and the urban poor still lack access to adequate transport services and rely on non-motorized and public transport, which is often informal and characterized by poor service delivery. Lack of access to transport services limits access to opportunities that aren’t in the proximity of residential areas, such as education, healthcare, and employment. The urban public transport sector not only faces the challenge of poor service provision, but also of gender inequality. Research shows that, in the existing urban transport systems, there are significant differences in the travel patterns of and modes of transport used by women and men, and that these differences are associated with their roles and responsibilities in society. Moreover, the differences in travel patterns are characterized by unequal access to transport facilities and services. Women are generally underrepresented in the sector, in both its operation and decision-making. Women’s mobility needs and patterns are rarely integrated into transport infrastructure design and services and female users are often victims of harassment and assault. As cities rapidly expand, meeting the transport needs of their growing populations while paying attention to gender-differentiated mobility patterns is a prerequisite to achieving sustainability, livability and inclusivity. Gender mainstreaming in urban public transport is therefore a critical issue, but one which is under-researched in East Africa. This research explores gender issues in public transport in East Africa, focusing in particular on women’s inclusion in both public transport systems and transport policy decision-making processes and using case studies from three cities: Nairobi, Kampala and Dar es Salaam.
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Kaaret, Kaidi, and Evelin Piirsalu. Decarbonizing the EU’s road and construction sectors through green public procurement: the cases of Estonia and Poland. Stockholm Environment Institute, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.031.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Government spending on public works, goods and services in the European Union (EU) accounts for about 14% of the EU’s GDP. Consequently, the EU and its Member States (MS) can make a great impact in accelerating the development and uptake of low-carbon technologies through green public procurement (GPP). This brief is part of a wider project financed by Breakthrough Energy, aiming to understand the divergences in GPP uptake in different EU MS and to identify key barriers to greater adoption and opportunities ahead. Ultimately, the project aims to contribute to greater policy coherence among member states to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as well as to increase policy support for the design of GPP implementation frameworks and for harmonized GPP target-setting. In 2020, the road transport sector accounted for 23% and 20% of total Estonian and Polish GHG emissions, respectively, while the construction sector represented about 5% and 9% of Estonian and Polish total GHG emissions, respectively. These numbers point to the large mitigation potential that procuring authorities can support by including environmental criteria in procurements. In this brief, we share the results from our desktop research and stakeholder interviews for Estonia and Poland. Results from all cases and additional research will be published in a report later in 2022.