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Статті в журналах з теми "Combinations rules"
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Bradley, Ian, and Jonathan Bright. "International Tax Planning: The Stop-Loss Rules and Corporate Reorganizations—Interpretive Challenges." Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne 67, no. 2 (2019): 383–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.32721/ctj.2019.67.2.itp.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tax rules often present interpretive challenges. One such challenge involves the stop-loss rules, which can suspend the recognition of a loss realized on a transfer of shares between affiliated persons. Continuity rules prevent a suspended loss from being released as a result of certain corporate reorganizations. One continuity rule applies to mergers and combinations, while others apply to certain types of windups. The Canada Revenue Agency recently issued a broad interpretation of the former rule, arguing that in this context a "merger or combination" can include a winding up—even if the woundup corporation has multiple shareholders. In this article, the principles of statutory interpretation are applied to the relevant provisions, to determine their true meaning. This analysis indicates that the continuity rule for mergers and combinations does not apply to windups.
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Bacardit, Jaume, and Natalio Krasnogor. "Performance and Efficiency of Memetic Pittsburgh Learning Classifier Systems." Evolutionary Computation 17, no. 3 (September 2009): 307–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/evco.2009.17.3.307.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper we empirically evaluate several local search (LS) mechanisms that heuristically edit classification rules and rule sets to improve their performance. Two kinds of operators are studied, (1) rule-wise operators, which edit individual rules, and (2) a rule set-wise operator, which takes the rules from N parents (N ≥ 2) to generate a new offspring, selecting the minimum subset of candidate rules that obtains maximum training accuracy. Moreover, various ways of integrating these operators within the evolutionary cycle of learning classifier systems are studied. The combinations of LS operators and policies are integrated in a Pittsburgh approach framework that we call MPLCS for memetic Pittsburgh learning classifier system. MPLCS is systematically evaluated using various metrics. Several datasets were employed with the objective of identifying which combination of operators and policies scale well, are robust to noise, generate compact solutions, and use the least amount of computational resources to solve the problems.
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Hsieh, Po-Chun, Chu-Fang Cheng, Chih-Wei Wu, I.-Shiang Tzeng, Chan-Yen Kuo, Pei-Shan Hsu, Chang-Ti Lee, Min-Chien Yu, and Chou-Chin Lan. "Combination of Acupoints in Treating Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Apriori Algorithm-Based Association Rule Analysis." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (May 20, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8165296.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is highly prevalent and a major burden on the healthcare system worldwide. It has a severe impact on patients due to poor health-related quality of life (HRQL), dyspnea, and exertional intolerance. Our previous meta-analysis revealed that body acupuncture therapy had adjuvant benefits of improving HRQL in COPD patients undergoing optimal medical treatment. Previous studies indicated that treatment with combinations of acupoints was more effective than single acupoint treatment. The association rule analysis has been widely used to explore relationships in acupoint combination. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the potential core acupoint combination in COPD treatment by mining the association rules from the retrieved randomized control trials (RCTs) of the previous meta-analyses. This study was conducted based on Apriori algorithm-based association rule analysis, which is a popular data mining method available in software R. We extracted acupoints as binary data from the 12 included RCTs for analysis. There were 27 acupoints extracted from 12 RCTs. The top 10 frequently selected acupoints were BL12, BL13, BL20, BL23, BL43, CV17, EXB1, LU5, LU7, and ST36. We investigated 2444 association rules, and the results showed that {ST36, BL12} ≥ {CV17}, {ST36, BL12} ≥ {EXB1}, {CV17, BL12} ≥ {ST36}, and {EXB1, BL12} ≥ {ST36} were the most associated rules in the retrieved RCTs. The acupoint combinations of ST36, BL12, and CV17 and ST36, BL12, and EXB1 could be considered as the core of acupoint combination for further acupuncture treatment of COPD.
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Roh, Eul Hee. "Analysis of multiple chronic disease characteristics in South Koreans by age groups using association rules analysis." Health Informatics Journal 28, no. 1 (January 2022): 146045822110702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582211070208.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The prevalence of MCD (multiple chronic disease) is increasing due to increased life expectancies and aging populations. Individual and socioeconomic burdens of MCD are also increasing. To reduce these burdens, it is necessary to establish policies to prevent MCD; therefore, it is important to understand the characteristics of MCD in the current population. In this study, the combinations of MCD that affect hypertension, which has the highest prevalence, were examined according to different age groups. The combinations of diseases were identified utilizing association rules analysis, using the Community Health Survey as the raw data. Two association rules were determined in young adult group, 18 in the middle-aged group, and 30 in the senior group, showing that the number of rules increases with age. Association rules of this study mean that combined chronic diseases are highly associated with hypertension. Then logistic regression analysis was performed on the MCD combinations with highest lift value in each age group to identify relationships between health behavior and MCD combinations. Especially, alcohol consumption was found to be a common factor affecting MCD prevalence in three combinations. On the contrary, sleep habit did not have a statistically significant influence on any combination.
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Seeger, Alberto. "Calculus rules for combinations of ellipsoids and applications." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 47, no. 1 (February 1993): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972700012211.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We derive formulas for the Minkowski sum, the convex hull, the intersection, and the inverse sum of a finite family of ellipsoids. We show how these formulas can be used to obtain inner and outer ellipsoidal approximations of a convex polytope.
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Grant, Andrew, and David Johnstone. "Finding profitable forecast combinations using probability scoring rules." International Journal of Forecasting 26, no. 3 (July 2010): 498–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2010.01.002.
Повний текст джерела
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Mammadova, Masuma, Nuru Bayramov, and Zarifa Jabrayilova. "Development of the principles of fuzzy rule-based system for hepatocelular carcinoma staging." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 3 (May 27, 2021): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001829.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article proposes the principles for the development of a fuzzy rule-based physician decision support system n to determine the stages of the most common hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among malignant tumors of liver. The stages of HCC, i.e., critical situations, are expressed by different combinations of clinical signs of input data and emerging clinical conditions. These combinations shape the multiplicity of possible situations (critical situations) by forming linguistic rules that are in fuzzy relations with one another. The article presents the task of developing a fuzzy rules-based system for HCC staging by classifying the set of possible situations into given classes. In order to solve the problem, fuzzy rules of clinical situations and critical situations deviated from them are developed according to the possible clinical signs of input data. The rules in accordance with the decision-making process are developed in two phases. In the first phase, three input data are developed: nine rules are developed to determine possible clinical conditions based on the number, size, and vascular invasion of tumor. In the second phase, seven rules are developed based on possible combinations of input data on the presence of lymph nodes and metastases in these nine clinical conditions. At this stage, the rules representing the fuzzification of results obtained are also described. The latter provide an interpretation of results and a decision on related stage of HCC. It also proposes a functional scheme of fuzzy rules-based system for HCC staging, and presents the working principle of structural blocks. The fuzzy rule-based system for HCC staging can be used to support physicians to make diagnostic and treatment decisions
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Ishibuchi, Hisao, Tadahiko Murata, and Tomoharu Nakashima. "Linguistic Rule Extraction from Numerical Data for High-dimensional Classification Problems." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 3, no. 5 (October 20, 1999): 386–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.1999.p0386.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We discuss the linguistic rule extraction from numerical data for high-dimensional classification problems. Difficulties in the handling of high-dimensional problems stem from the curse of dimensionality: the number of combinations of antecedent linguistic values exponentially increases as the number of attributes increases. Our goal is to extract a small number of simple linguistic rules with high classification ability. In this paper, the rule extraction is to find a set of linguistic rules using three criteria: its classification ability, its compactness, and the simplicity of each rule. Our approach consists of two phases: candidate rule generation and rule selection. We first propose a pre-screening method for generating a tractable number of promising candidate rules for high-dimensional classification problems where it is impossible to examine all combinations of antecedent linguistic values. Next we show how genetic algorithms can be applied to the rule selection. Then we combine a heuristic rule elimination procedure with genetic algorithms for improving their search ability. Finally, the performance of our approach is examined by computer simulations on commonly used data sets.
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Xiong, Hao, and Huili Yan. "General Method of Building a Real-Time Optimization Policy for Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem." Journal of Systems Science and Information 7, no. 6 (December 18, 2019): 584–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21078/jssi-2019-584-15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Currently, most of the policies for the dynamic demand vehicle routing problem are based on the traditional method for static problems as there is no general method for constructing a real-time optimization policy for the case of dynamic demand. Here, a new approach based on a combination of the rules from the static sub-problem to building real-time optimization policy is proposed. Real-time optimization policy is dividing the dynamic problem into a series of static sub-problems along the time axis and then solving the static ones. The static sub-problems’ transformation and solution rules include: Division rule, batch rule, objective rule, action rule and algorithm rule, and so on. Different combinations of these rules may constitute a variety of real-time optimization policy. According to this general method, two new policies called flexible G/G/m and flexible D/G/m were developed. The competitive analysis and the simulation results of these two policies proved that both are improvements upon the best existing policy.
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Pan, Haifeng, and Dingsheng Zhang. "Coordination Effects and Optimal Policy Choices of Macroprudential Policy and Monetary Policy." Complexity 2020 (December 14, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9798063.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Considering three monetary policy rules, together with two endogenous macroprudential policies that are credit constraints (loan to value, LTV) for households and counter-cyclical capital (capital requirement ratio, CRR) for bankers, this paper establishes a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model. Based on the welfare analysis of different combinations of macroprudential rules and monetary policy rules, this paper identifies the optimal policy combinations and analyzes the coordination effects between macroprudential policies and monetary policies. The results show that no matter what kind of monetary policy rules is implemented, the introduction of macroprudential rules has improved the level of total social welfare. In the optimal “two pillars” framework of monetary policies and macroprudential rules, the main objective of monetary policy is to stabilize price inflation, and the macroprudential policy to be implemented is the CRR macroprudential policy. This combination can effectively promote the stability of the real estate market, financial market, and macroeconomy, while maximizing the improvement of total social welfare.
Дисертації з теми "Combinations rules"
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Ribeiro, Humberto Nuno Rito. "New business combinations accounting rules and the mergers and aquisitions activity." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4404.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The perennial controversy in business combinations accounting and its dialectic with stakeholders’ interests under the complexity of the Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) activity is the centrepiece of analysis in this thesis. It is argued here that the accounting regulation should be as neutral as possible for the economic activity, although it is recognised that accounting changes may result in economic effects. In the case of the changes for business combinations accounting in the USA, lobbying was so fierce that in order to achieve the abolition of accounting choice in M&A accounting, it forced the standard-setter to compromise and to change substantially some of its earlier proposals. Such fierce lobbying cast doubts about whether it was effectively possible to mitigate such economic effects, resulting in a possible impact of the accounting changes on the M&A activity. The occurrence of M&A in waves is yet to be fully theorised. Nevertheless, existing literature established relationships between M&A activity and some key economic and financial factors, and has provided several interesting theories and other meaningful contributions for this thesis. It was therefore possible to examine whether the changes in the accounting rules produced any significant impact on the M&A activity. The findings obtained from the testing of the research hypotheses suggest that the new M&A accounting rules did not result in significant impacts on overall M&A activity. Nevertheless, from the study of managers’ perceptions, and from the examination of annual reports of S&P 500 companies, a considerable impact on the financial reporting was found.
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Shah, Pooja P. "Combination of a Probabilistic-Based and a Rule-Based Approach for Genealogical Record Linkage." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1353.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Record linkage is the task of identifying records within one or multiple databases that refer to the same entity. Currently, there exist many different approaches for record linkage. Some approaches incorporate the use of heuristic rules, mathematical models, Markov models, or machine learning. This thesis focuses on the application of record linkage to genealogical records within family trees. Today, large collections of genealogical records are stored in databases, which may contain multiple records that refer to a single individual. Resolving duplicate genealogical records can extend our knowledge on who has lived and more complete information can be constructed by combining all information referring to an individual. Simple string matching is not a feasible option for identifying duplicate records due to inconsistencies such as typographical errors, data entry errors, and missing data.
Record linkage algorithms can be classified under two broad categories, a rule-based or heuristic approach, or a probabilistic-based approach. The Cocktail Approach, presented by Shirley Ong Ai Pei, combines a probabilistic-based approach with a rule-based approach for record linkage. This thesis discusses a re-implementation and adoption of the Cocktail Approach to genealogical records.
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Mejía, Pérez Daniel. "Evaluación de la respuesta inelástica de modelos estructurales de edificios en función de la combinación de efectos sísmicos ortogonales." Tesis de maestría, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/105377.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tesis del programa de Maestría en Ciencias de la Ingeniería con línea de acentuación en Estructuras.
Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México.En este trabajo se estudió el comportamiento inelástico de varios modelos estructurales de edificios con diferentes períodos de traslación en ambas direcciones ortogonales. Para cada modelo, el ángulo de incidencia del sismo varió de 0° a 90° con incrementos de 10°. La combinación de los efectos sísmicos ortogonales horizontales utilizados para el diseño varió para α=10%, 30%, 50%, 70% y 100%. Se analizaron doce registros sísmicos, 6 de suelo firme y 6 de suelo blando. Se utilizaron dos factores de reducción de las fuerzas elásticas de diseño (Q=2 y 4). En base a estos parámetros, se realizaron diferentes análisis. Para cada uno, se evaluaron las demandas de ductilidad de columnas y vigas, así como las distorsiones de entrepiso. Con estas distorsiones de entrepiso, se estimó el daño de los modelos para cada caso. Se evaluó el costo total de los modelos, considerando el costo inicial del edificio, los costos de reparación, las pérdidas de contenido, los costos de pérdida por rentas y las pérdidas debidas a personas heridas y fallecidas. Los principales resultados obtenidos muestran que el principal factor que afecta el costo total de los modelos fue el tipo de suelo, sin embargo, las otras variables también modifican la estimación del costo total. Para suelos firmes, el promedio del α óptimo es 0.85 para Q=2 y 0.9 para Q=4. Para suelos blandos el promedio del α óptimo es 0.20 para Q=2 y 0.30 para Q=4. Las demandas de ductilidad también varían en forma importante en función de las variables estudiadas. La principal variable que afecta las demandas de ductilidad es el ángulo de incidencia. Los valores de α que se aproximan en mayor medida a las demandas de ductilidad calculada con los valores de Q fueron los siguientes: para suelo firme, α=0.1 para Q=2 y α=0.5 para Q=4; para suelo blando, α=1.0 para Q=2 y α=0.7 para Q=4.
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Chudán, David. "Association rule mining as a support for OLAP." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201130.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this work is to identify the possibilities of the complementary usage of two analytical methods of data analysis, OLAP analysis and data mining represented by GUHA association rule mining. The usage of these two methods in the context of proposed scenarios on one dataset presumes a synergistic effect, surpassing the knowledge acquired by these two methods independently. This is the main contribution of the work. Another contribution is the original use of GUHA association rules where the mining is performed on aggregated data. In their abilities, GUHA association rules outperform classic association rules referred to the literature. The experiments on real data demonstrate the finding of unusual trends in data that would be very difficult to acquire using standard methods of OLAP analysis, the time consuming manual browsing of an OLAP cube. On the other hand, the actual use of association rules loses a general overview of data. It is possible to declare that these two methods complement each other very well. The part of the solution is also usage of LMCL scripting language that automates selected parts of the data mining process. The proposed recommender system would shield the user from association rules, thereby enabling common analysts ignorant of the association rules to use their possibilities. The thesis combines quantitative and qualitative research. Quantitative research is represented by experiments on a real dataset, proposal of a recommender system and implementation of the selected parts of the association rules mining process by LISp-Miner Control Language. Qualitative research is represented by structured interviews with selected experts from the fields of data mining and business intelligence who confirm the meaningfulness of the proposed methods.
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Chebbah, Mouna. "Source independence in the theory of belief functions." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S032/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La fusion d'informations issues de plusieurs sources cherche à améliorer la prise de décision. Pour réaliser cette fusion, la théorie des fonctions de croyance utilise des règles de combinaison faisant bien souvent l'hypothèse de l'indépendance des sources. Cette forte hypothèse n'est, cependant, ni formalisée ni vérifiée. Elle est supposée pour justifier le choix du type de règles à utiliser sans avoir, pour autant, un moyen de la vérifier. Nous proposons dans ce rapport de thèse un apprentissage de l'indépendance cognitive de sources d'information. Nous détaillons également une approche d'apprentissage de la dépendance positive et négative des sources. Les degrés d'indépendance, de dépendance positive et négative des sources ont principalement trois utilités. Premièrement, ces degrés serviront à choisir le type de règles de combinaison à utiliser lors de la combinaison. Deuxièmement, ces degrés exprimés par une fonction de masse sont intégrés par une approche d'affaiblissement avant de réaliser la combinaison d'information. Une troisième utilisation de cette mesure d'indépendance consiste à l'intégrer dans une nouvelle règle de combinaison. La règle que nous proposons est une moyenne pondérée avec ce degré d'indépendanceThe theory of belief functions manages uncertainty and proposes a set of combination rules to aggregate beliefs of several sources. Some combination rules mix evidential information where sources are independent; other rules are suited to combine evidential information held by dependent sources. Information on sources ' independence is required to justify the choice of the adequate type of combination rules. In this thesis, we suggest a method to quantify sources' degrees of independence that may guide the choice of the appropriate type of combination rules. In fact, we propose a statistical approach to learn sources' degrees of independence from all provided evidential information. There are three main uses of estimating sources' degrees of independence: First, we use sources' degree of independence to guide the choice of combination rules to use when aggregating beliefs of several sources. Second, we propose to integrate sources' degrees of independence into sources' beliefs leading to an operator similar to the discounting. Finally, we define a new combination rule weighted with sources' degree of independence
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Karlsson, Linnea. "A Division-of-Labor Hypothesis : Adaptations to Task Structure in Multiple-Cue Judgment." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Psychology, Umeå University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1327.
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Недашківська, Надія Іванівна. "Методологія та інструментарій підтримки прийняття рішень на основі ієрархічних та мережевих моделей". Thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2018. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/25122.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Робота виконана в Інституті прикладного системного аналізу Національного технічного університету України «Київський політехнічний інститут імені Ігоря Сікорського»У дисертаційній роботі запропоновано методологію підтримки прийняття рішень, яка з використанням розробленого системного підходу дозволяє підвищити достовірність розв’язків в складних слабко структурованих системах на основі ієрархічних та мережевих моделей і включає нові та удосконалені методи: оцінювання і підвищення узгодженості матриць парних порівнянь загального виду залежно від властивостей цих матриць, розрахунку довірчих інтервалів для локальних ваг, розрахунку нечітких локальних ваг, гібридний метод розрахунку локальних та агрегованих ваг, метод комплексного оцінювання чутливості розв'язку та спосіб оцінювання реверсу рангів при використанні різних правил комбінування функцій довіри. Розроблено нові методики, засоби та система моделювання експертного оцінювання. Практичне значення одержаних результатів полягає у створенні інструментарію у вигляді системи підтримки прийняття рішень, який застосовано при розв'язанні практичних задач на замовлення міністерств і відомств України.
In the dissertation work, an important scientific and technical problem has been solved, which deals with development of mathematical and methodological support for increasing the reliability of solutions to decision analysis problems in complex weakly structured systems based on hierarchical and network models. The scientific novelty of the work is determined by the following theoretical and practical results obtained by author. Using proposed systematic approach, a new methodology of decision support is developed, which allows to increase the reliability of solutions of decision analysis problems in complex weakly structured systems on the basis of hierarchical and network models. This methodology includes the proposed and described below methods and techniques. A new method for evaluating and improving the consistency of expert judgements, which are given in a form of pairwise comparison matrix, is developed. Features of the method include an analysis of property of weak inconsistency, the presence of cycles in a pairwise comparison matrix and a search for the most inconsistent element of this matrix. The method can be applied to pairwise comparison matrices of various types, including multiplicative, additive, fuzzy and other. A Transitiv method for searching the most inconsistent elements of the matrix is proposed. A method of flows for finding the most inconsistent element of the matrix is improved by taking into account the input flow. The simulation shows that the developed Transitiv method and the method of flows are more efficient than existing methods. Usage of the proposed method of consistency evaluating and improving allows to obtain pairwise comparison matrices of acceptable quality for all elements of the model and these matrices can be used further to find local weights of model’s elements. A new method for calculating confidence intervals of local weights is developed, which, unlike others, takes into account the uncertainty of scale, expert's personal qualities such as optimism and pessimism, and does not require comparison of groups of elements with the frame. The method is based on notions of the Dempster-Schafer theory of evidence and results of computer simulation of expert's judgments. An uncertainty index of expert judgments is proposed, assuming that this uncertainty is caused by above factors. An improved method for calculating fuzzy local weights on basis of fuzzy pairwise comparison matrix is proposed, which differs from others in estimating and increasing the consistency of the matrix and taking into account properties of weak and strong order preservation on a set of calculated fuzzy weights. This method, unlike existing ones, makes it possible to determine the weak inconsistency of fuzzy matrix, to assess the acceptability of inconsistency level of fuzzy matrix for reliable local weights calculation, and to find the most inconsistent elements of the matrix using methods developed for crisp matrices. A hybrid method for calculating aggregated weights of hierarchical model elements with interdependent decision criteria has been improved, when input data for evaluation are fuzzy expert judgments. Improvement consists in using the developed more effective methods for assessment and increasing of crisp and fuzzy expert judgements consistency. A method for complex sensitivity analysis of results has been improved by taking into account sensitivity analysis of local rankings of model’s elements. In the developed method for estimating local sensitivity, intervals and indices of stability of pairwise comparison matrix elements are calculated, which retain the best decision alternative and all ranking of alternatives. Resulting stability intervals allow to find critical elements of the problem that require more careful analysis. A new technique for estimating the rank reversal is suggested, which can appear after applying combination rules of confidence functions for model’s elements. Using this technique, the Dempster, Yager, Zhang, Dubois and Prada and other combination rules were examined. Cases and features of rank reversals appearance in these rules were revealed. New techniques and tools for modeling a process of decision alternatives evaluation by an expert of high competence, expert-optimist and expert-pessimist while performing pairwise comparisons are developed. Using these techniques and tools, efficiency of proposed methods has been proved. A decision support system has been constructed on basis of proposed methods and techniques. This system has been used to solve several practical problems. Within the work with the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, critical technologies of the Ukrainian energy industry were assessed, priorities of technologies were calculated and aggregated according to hierarchical model of criteria, and on their basis the most priority technologies for implementation were identified. In the course of research work together with the Institute of Space Research, directions of the expedient use of space information for remote sensing of the Earth for geoinformation systems were evaluated and the relative demand for the space information in the national economy of Ukraine was determined. On order of the Kyiv City State Administration, social problems of the Kyiv city were estimated in terms of benefits, costs, opportunities and risks, followed by selection of priority activities for implementation and evaluation of scenarios of the transport system development. Results of the dissertation work have been introduced into the educational process of the department "Mathematical methods of system analysis" of Institute for applied system analysis of National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”.
В диссертационной работе предложена методология поддержки принятия решений, которая с использованием разработанного системного подхода позволяет повысить достоверность решений в сложных слабо структурированных системах на основе иерархических и сетевых моделей и включает новые и усовершенствованные методы: оценки и повышения согласованности матриц парных сравнений общего вида в зависимости от свойств этих матриц, расчета доверительных интервалов для локальных весов, расчета нечетких локальных весов, гибридный метод расчета локальных и агрегированных весов, метод комплексной оценки чувствительности решения, а также способ оценки реверса рангов при использовании различных правил комбинирования функций доверия. Разработаны новые методики, средства и система моделирования экспертного оценивания. Практическое значение полученных результатов заключается в создании инструментария в виде системы поддержки принятия решений, который применен при решении практических задач по заказу министерств и ведомств Украины.
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Недашківська, Надія Іванівна. "Методологія та інструментарій підтримки прийняття рішень на основі ієрархічних та мережевих моделей". Doctoral thesis, Київ, 2018. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/25119.
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Робота виконана в Інституті прикладного системного аналізу Національного технічного університету України «Київський політехнічний інститут імені Ігоря Сікорського»У дисертаційній роботі запропоновано методологію підтримки прийняття рішень, яка з використанням розробленого системного підходу дозволяє підвищити достовірність розв’язків в складних слабко структурованих системах на основі ієрархічних та мережевих моделей і включає нові та удосконалені методи: оцінювання і підвищення узгодженості матриць парних порівнянь загального виду залежно від властивостей цих матриць, розрахунку довірчих інтервалів для локальних ваг, розрахунку нечітких локальних ваг, гібридний метод розрахунку локальних та агрегованих ваг, метод комплексного оцінювання чутливості розв'язку та спосіб оцінювання реверсу рангів при використанні різних правил комбінування функцій довіри. Розроблено нові методики, засоби та система моделювання експертного оцінювання. Практичне значення одержаних результатів полягає у створенні інструментарію у вигляді системи підтримки прийняття рішень, який застосовано при розв'язанні практичних задач на замовлення міністерств і відомств України.
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Zaghlool, Baher SalahElDeen Othman Ahmed. "Behaviour of three-dimensional concrete structures under concurrent orthogonal seismic excitations." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1177.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is a study into the response and seismic safety of three-dimensional multi-storey concrete structures under concurrent orthogonal seismic excitations. It employs the nonlinear time-history method as its analysis tools. Time-history analyses rely heavily on their utilised earthquake records. Accordingly, this study examines the different approaches of selecting earthquake suites and develops a methodology of selecting representative earthquake scenarios. This methodology is credibly implemented in selecting a far- and a near field suites representative of the New Zealand seismic hazard. The study investigates the response of 6-, 9- and 12-storey concrete structures of different n-X-bays × m-Y-bays. Bidirectional responses of these considered structures are examined and consequently the current combination rules are scrutinised. Consequently this study strongly recommends the use of the 40-percent combination rule in lieu of the widely used 30-percent rule; and the use of time-history analysis in lieu of quasi/equivalent static and response modal analysis methods to avoid their strong dependence on combination rules. An intensive study is conducted employing the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) technique to investigate structural demands of interstorey drifts, lateral storey drifts and storey accelerations. The study utilises the developed far-field suite and identifies the 50th and 90th percentile demands. Hence it provides easy-to-use expressions to facilitate rapid calculation of the structural demands and the effects of biaxial interactions. An implementation into the Demand and Capacity Factor Design (DCFD) format is presented that infers confidence in the performance levels of the considered structures. The study also draws attention to the importance of considering storey accelerations as their storey values reach as high as 10 × PGA. A sensitivity study is conducted by repeating the IDA investigation while using the developed near-field suite. Subsequently a comparison between the near- and the far-field results is conducted. The results were markedly similar albeit of less magnitudes until the (seismic hazard) intensity measure IM = Sa(T₁) = 0.4g when the near-field results show sudden flat large increase in demands suggesting a brittle collapse. This is attributed to the higher content of the higher mode frequencies contained in near-field ground motions. Finally, the study examines the (vectorial) radial horizontal shear demands in columns and beam-column joints of the previous far- and near-field studies. The combined radial shear demands in corner, edge and internal columns and joints are evaluated that roughly show a square-root proportional relationship with IM that exhibit somewhat brittle failure at IM ≥ 0.35g. Shears demands in the (4-way) internal columns and the (2-way) corner joints show highest magnitude in their respective class. The results suggest transverse joint shear reinforcement of 1.5, 1.0 and 0.5 of the longitudinal reinforcement of the neighbouring beam respectively for corner, edge and internal joints. An implementation of a proposed practical (and simpler) DCFD format shows satisfactory confidence in columns performance in shear up to IM = 0.35g, conversely to joints unsatisfactory performance in shear at the onset of inelastic behaviour (IM > 0.05g).
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Razroev, Stanislav. "AUTOMATED OPTIMAL FORECASTING OF UNIVARIATE MONITORING PROCESSES : Employing a novel optimal forecast methodology to define four classes of forecast approaches and testing them on real-life monitoring processes." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-165990.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work aims to explore practical one-step-ahead forecasting of structurally changing data, an unstable behaviour, that real-life data connected to human activity often exhibit. This setting can be characterized as monitoring process. Various forecast models, methods and approaches can range from being simple and computationally "cheap" to very sophisticated and computationally "expensive". Moreover, different forecast methods handle different data-patterns and structural changes differently: for some particular data types or data intervals some particular forecast methods are better than the others, something that is usually not known beforehand. This raises a question: "Can one design a forecast procedure, that effectively and optimally switches between various forecast methods, adapting the forecast methods usage to the changes in the incoming data flow?" The thesis answers this question by introducing optimality concept, that allows optimal switching between simultaneously executed forecast methods, thus "tailoring" forecast methods to the changes in the data. It is also shown, how another forecast approach: combinational forecasting, where forecast methods are combined using weighted average, can be utilized by optimality principle and can therefore benefit from it. Thus, four classes of forecast results can be considered and compared: basic forecast methods, basic optimality, combinational forecasting, and combinational optimality. The thesis shows, that the usage of optimality gives results, where most of the time optimality is no worse or better than the best of forecast methods, that optimality is based on. Optimality reduces also scattering from multitude of various forecast suggestions to a single number or only a few numbers (in a controllable fashion). Optimality gives additionally lower bound for optimal forecasting: the hypothetically best achievable forecast result. The main conclusion is that optimality approach makes more or less obsolete other traditional ways of treating the monitoring processes: trying to find the single best forecast method for some structurally changing data. This search still can be sought, of course, but it is best done within optimality approach as its innate component. All this makes the proposed optimality approach for forecasting purposes a valid "representative" of a more broad ensemble approach (which likewise motivated development of now popular Ensemble Learning concept as a valid part of Machine Learning framework).Denna avhandling syftar till undersöka en praktisk ett-steg-i-taget prediktering av strukturmässigt skiftande data, ett icke-stabilt beteende som verkliga data kopplade till människoaktiviteter ofta demonstrerar. Denna uppsättning kan alltså karakteriseras som övervakningsprocess eller monitoringsprocess. Olika prediktionsmodeller, metoder och tillvägagångssätt kan variera från att vara enkla och "beräkningsbilliga" till sofistikerade och "beräkningsdyra". Olika prediktionsmetoder hanterar dessutom olika mönster eller strukturförändringar i data på olika sätt: för vissa typer av data eller vissa dataintervall är vissa prediktionsmetoder bättre än andra, vilket inte brukar vara känt i förväg. Detta väcker en fråga: "Kan man skapa en predictionsprocedur, som effektivt och på ett optimalt sätt skulle byta mellan olika prediktionsmetoder och för att adaptera dess användning till ändringar i inkommande dataflöde?" Avhandlingen svarar på frågan genom att introducera optimalitetskoncept eller optimalitet, något som tillåter ett optimalbyte mellan parallellt utförda prediktionsmetoder, för att på så sätt skräddarsy prediktionsmetoder till förändringar i data. Det visas också, hur ett annat prediktionstillvägagångssätt: kombinationsprediktering, där olika prediktionsmetoder kombineras med hjälp av viktat medelvärde, kan utnyttjas av optimalitetsprincipen och därmed få nytta av den. Alltså, fyra klasser av prediktionsresultat kan betraktas och jämföras: basprediktionsmetoder, basoptimalitet, kombinationsprediktering och kombinationsoptimalitet. Denna avhandling visar, att användning av optimalitet ger resultat, där optimaliteten för det mesta inte är sämre eller bättre än den bästa av enskilda prediktionsmetoder, som själva optimaliteten är baserad på. Optimalitet reducerar också spridningen från mängden av olika prediktionsförslag till ett tal eller bara några enstaka tal (på ett kontrollerat sätt). Optimalitet producerar ytterligare en nedre gräns för optimalprediktion: det hypotetiskt bästa uppnåeliga prediktionsresultatet. Huvudslutsatsen är följande: optimalitetstillvägagångssätt gör att andra traditionella sätt att ta hand om övervakningsprocesser blir mer eller mindre föråldrade: att leta bara efter den enda bästa enskilda prediktionsmetoden för data med strukturskift. Sådan sökning kan fortfarande göras, men det är bäst att göra den inom optimalitetstillvägagångssättet, där den ingår som en naturlig komponent. Allt detta gör det föreslagna optimalitetstillvägagångssättetet för prediktionsändamål till en giltig "representant" för det mer allmäna ensembletillvägagångssättet (något som också motiverade utvecklingen av numera populär Ensembleinlärning som en giltig del av Maskininlärning).
Книги з теми "Combinations rules"
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Golding, Andrew R. Pronouncing names by a combination of rule-based and case-based reasoning. Stanford, Calif: Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford University, 1992.
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Currie, David A. Should fiscal policy rule the roost?: The combination of monetary and fiscal theory. London: Department of Economics, Queen Mary College, 1988.
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3
Ismail, Zuhaimy H. Constructing high school timetables using a combination of heuristics and a rule based approach. Loughborough, Leics: Loughborough University Business School, 1995.
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North Carolina. Dept. of Human Resources. Division of Facility Services. Licensure and Certification Section. Rules and regulations for the licensing of nursing homes, intermediate care facilities--type A, intermediate care facilities--type B, boarding homes for the aged and infirm in combination homes. Raleigh, N.C: The Section, 1985.
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Ranzi, Gianluca, ed. Time-dependent behaviour and design of composite steel-concrete structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>Steel-concrete composite structures are widely used throughout the world for buildings and bridges. A distinguishing feature of this form of construction is the combination of concrete and steel components to achieve enhanced structural performance. <p>The time-dependent response of concrete and its infl uence on the service behaviour and design of composite structures are the main focus of this SED. For the fi rst time, a publication combines a state-of-the-art review of the research with the available design specifi cations of Europe, Australia and New Zealand, and USA. This publication intends to enhance the awareness of the service response of composite structures and of the latest research and standards’ developments. It is aimed at designers and researchers alike. <p>The review of research available in open literature is provided and arranged according to structural typologies, i. e. slabs, beams, and columns. It serves as background information for current service design rules and provides insight into the most recent research advancements. The review of available design guidelines presents the similarities and differences of the recommended service design procedures infl uenced by concrete time effects. Selected case studies of building and bridge projects show possible design approaches and the rationale required when dealing with the time-dependent response and design of composite structures. The authors of this publication are design engineers and academics involved in the service design and research on the time-dependent response of composite structures.
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Approved Welding Electrodes, Wire-Flux and Wire-Gas Combinations, With Appendix on Rules for Approval, 1985 (Annual). Amer Bureau of Shipping, 1985.
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Archibald, Clarke Hugh. A System Of Harmony: Founded On Key Relationship, By Means Of Which A Thorough Knowledge Of The Rules That Govern The Combinations And Successions Of ... Be Easily Acquired With Or Without A Teacher. Nabu Press, 2012.
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Caudle, Brad. Phonics: Long Vowels, Vowel Combinations, Rule Breakers & More. Rock N Learn, 1994.
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Roberts, Kenneth D. Stanley Rule & Level Co.'s Combination Planes. Ken Roberts Publishing Company, 1987.
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Roberts, Kenneth D. The Stanley Rule and Level Company's Combination Planes. Astragal Pr, 1989.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Combinations rules"
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Everitt, Brian. "Choice and Chance; Permutations and Combinations." In Chance Rules, 19–23. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77415-2_3.
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Prentzas, Jim, and Ioannis Hatzilygeroudis. "Neurules-A Type of Neuro-symbolic Rules: An Overview." In Combinations of Intelligent Methods and Applications, 145–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19618-8_9.
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Martins, Claudio L. M., and Pedro P. B. de Oliveira. "Evolving Sequential Combinations of Elementary Cellular Automata Rules." In Advances in Artificial Life, 461–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11553090_47.
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de Bruijn, Jos, Thomas Eiter, Axel Polleres, and Hans Tompits. "On Representational Issues About Combinations of Classical Theories with Nonmonotonic Rules." In Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management, 1–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11811220_1.
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Liu, Da-wang, Wen-qi Zhang, Yang Yang, Fei Gu, Ruo-jing Dong, and Yu-ning Wang. "Characteristics of Oil and Gas Accumulation Combinations and Accumulation Rules in Large Basins in the Persian Gulf." In Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 2418–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0761-5_228.
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Bi, Yaxin, Terry Anderson, and Sally McClean. "Combining Rules for Text Categorization Using Dempster’s Rule of Combination." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 457–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-28651-6_67.
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Böhm, Birthe, Carmen Cârlan, Annelie Sohr, Stephan Unverdorben, and Jan Vollmar. "Architectures for Flexible Collaborative Systems." In Model-Based Engineering of Collaborative Embedded Systems, 49–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62136-0_3.
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AbstractCollaborative systems are characterized by their interaction with other systems in collaborative system groups in order to reach a common goal. These systems interact based on fixed rules and have the ability to change structurally, if necessary. Changes in the collaboration are usually triggered from outside and are time-discrete with a rather wide time scale. The architectures of these systems and system groups must support flexibility and adaptability at runtime while also ensuring specific qualities, although these changes and their consequences cannot be fully foreseen in all combinations at design time.In order to enable knowledge preservation and reuse for the design of system architectures for flexible collaborative systems and system groups, we present a method for designing reference architectures for systems and system groups. For this approach, we present an example of a reference architecture for an operator assistance system. To adequately consider safety requirements during the design, we further introduce a method which adapts safety argumentation for flexible collaborative systems to changes in their specification or operating context.
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Torgo, Luis. "Rule combination in inductive learning." In Machine Learning: ECML-93, 384–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-56602-3_155.
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Xue, Hanhong, and Qingsheng Cai. "Rule generalization by condition combination." In Research and Development in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 420–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-64383-4_51.
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He, Yanyan, and M. Yousuff Hussaini. "An Optimal Unified Combination Rule." In Belief Functions: Theory and Applications, 39–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11191-9_5.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Combinations rules"
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Zhang, Heng, and Utpal Roy. "A Semantic Similarity Based Dispatching Rule Selection System for Job Shop Scheduling With Multiple Production Objectives." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47822.
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Job shop scheduling is an important activity which properly assigns production jobs to different manufacturing resources before production starts. Compared to other scheduling approaches that use optimal branch and bound algorithms, meta-heuristics, etc., the dispatching rule based approach has been widely used in the industry because it is easier to implement, and it yields reasonable solutions within a very short computation time. The dispatching rule based approach uses a selected single dispatching rule (e.g. Shortest Processing Time or Earliest Due Date) or a rule combination depending on the current production objective like maximizing productivity, minimizing makespan or meeting the due dates. However, a dispatching rule or a pre-set rule combination always pursues a single and fixed production objective. This characteristic confines the flexibility of the scheduling system in practice. In order to address this issue, this paper proposes a semantic similarity based dispatching rule selection system that can achieve the intelligent selection of dispatching rules based on the user selected one or more production objectives for job shop scheduling. The intelligent selection is addressed by measuring the semantic similarities (based on ontology) between the user selected production objectives and the characteristics of the dispatching rules. The rule combinations will then be constructed by combining individual dispatching rules with similarity value based weights. A proof-of-concept demo has also been provided as a case study in this paper.
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Azuma, Kisaburo, Yinsheng Li, and Kunio Hasegawa. "Characterization of Interaction Between Elliptical Subsurface Flaws." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63429.
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Multiple flaws are often observed in engineering structures and components. Interactions between multiple flaws can increase the stress intensity factors. Although fitness-for-service codes provide combination rules to account for these effects, they do not unify the criteria for flaw combinations. To establish a reasonable combination rule, we must identify the parameters that dominate the interaction. This study investigates the interactions of stress intensity factors in two coplanar subsurface flaws in a plate. The plate was subjected to a remote tension acting normal to the flaw surface. For varying shapes and distances of elliptical subsurface flaws, we solved the intensity factors by finite element analyses. Flaw distance and area were identified as important parameters for characterizing the interaction factor between two subsurface flaws.
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Bezensek, Bostjan, and Harry E. Coules. "Recent Studies Towards Updating the BS7910 Flaw Interaction Rule." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84119.
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Fitness for service assessment procedures rely on flaw interaction rules for assessment of multiple flaws in close proximity. Such rules are aimed at avoiding excessive amplification of the crack driving force that may result in a non-conservative fracture assessment. In BS7910, the 2013 edition [1] introduced a new flaw interaction rule for the co-planar flaws where the proximity of adjacent flaws is judged based on flaw height (i.e. s = 0.5*max(a1,a2) for surface flaws). The rule was introduced for flaws with aspect ratio of a/c < 1 for both flaws, while for other flaw shapes and combinations the earlier rule from the predecessor document PD6493:1993 [2] was retained. This paper summarises the recent work done by the authors and work from literature to examine the applicability of the s = 0.5*max(a1,a2) rule to flaws with aspect ratio a/c ≥ 1 and dissimilar flaw combinations. It is shown that the current BS7910 rule based on s = 0.5*max(a1,a2) produces a conservative flaw assessment with the use of BS7910 solutions for stress intensity factor and reference stress. An exception are cases of two deep surface flaws where the rule is proposed to change to: s ≤ max(a1, a2) for two surface flaws with a1/t & a2/t > 0.5
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Amendola, Giovanni, Nicola Leone, and Marco Manna. "Finite Controllability of Conjunctive Query Answering with Existential Rules: Two Steps Forward." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/719.
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Reasoning with existential rules typically consists of checking whether a Boolean conjunctive query is satisfied by all models of a first-order sentence having the form of a conjunction of Datalog rules extended with existential quantifiers in rule-heads. To guarantee decidability, five basic decidable classes - linear, weakly-acyclic, guarded, sticky, and shy - have been singled out, together with several generalizations and combinations. For all basic classes, except shy, the important property of finite controllability has been proved, ensuring that a query is satisfied by all models of the sentence if, and only if, it is satisfied by all of its finite models. This paper takes two steps forward: (i) devise a general technique to facilitate the process of (dis)proving finite controllability of an arbitrary class of existential rules; and (ii) specialize the technique to complete the picture for the five mentioned classes, by showing that also shy is finitely controllable.
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Khazaii, Javad, and Ali Khazaei. "Developing HVAC System Terminal Units Control Sequence Utilizing Game Theory Rules." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-69948.
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Abstract Human thermal comfort depends on multiple factors such as temperature, humidity ratio, air velocity, metabolism etc. Two of the most important of these parameters that are being controlled simultaneously via air conditioning system in spaces are temperature and humidity ratio. Achieving thermal comfort in multi-occupancy spaces occupied with people with different levels of acceptable thermal comfort not only can help creating more desirable experience for majority of the occupants in these spaces, but also can save energy by optimizing the operation of the air conditioning system and avoiding unnecessary energy consumption when there is no need for controlling temperature and humidity at pre-selected values. Meanwhile, research shows current measures of thermal comfort are at best 30–40% accurate, since they have been developed decades ago and based on the desired references of a specific group of people in that time. Space control algorithms that are generally written to hold temperature and humidity ratio based on a typical human response to parameters affecting thermal comfort should be customized to provide the optimum comfort level for people with different thermal comfort preferences occupying the same offices or spaces. Such optimization can be achieved via utilizing rules of game theory — which is a strategic method of decision making among competing or cooperating decision makers — to help finding the best combination of the temperature and humidity ratio. This helps to create thermal comfort for different combinations of occupants in the space with different thermal comfort preference. This work represents a new way of writing sequence of controls for air handling units, to maximize thermal comfort of all the occupants and at the same time creates opportunity for saving energy by avoiding single set-point for delivering air temperature and humidity ratio.
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Karunamoorthy, Swami, and Sridhar S. Condoor. "Rule Based Number Synthesis for Kinematic Linkage Mechanism With Full Revolute Joints." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/mech-5818.
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Abstract Number synthesis is an important building block of type synthesis and it needs to be performed a priori to dimensional synthesis. The number synthesis methods available in the literature are not effective in predicting all possible linkage combinations. There is a need for a unified, yet simple, procedure to generate a complete list of Kinematic Link Set Solution (KLSS). An emphasis is given in this paper to develop such a method based on the analogy of isomers. It resulted in an easy procedure that is rule-based. The procedure is efficient in producing a linkage atlas for a given degree of freedom. A program is developed to generate the linkage atlas based on these rules. The results show that the rule-based approach is viable for pedagogical as well as industrial applications.
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Suzuki, Ayaka, Akiyuki Takahashi, and Masanori Kikuchi. "Fatigue Crack Growth Analysis of Interacting Subsurface Cracks Using S-Version FEM." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63398.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fatigue crack growth simulation using the s-version finite element method (FEM) is presented. Two subsurface cracks are aligned in the depth direction of a specimen, and is subjected to a cyclic tension-tension loading. The fatigue crack growth behavior of the cracks is directly simulated using our automatic fatigue crack growth simulation system with the s-version FEM. Along with the direct simulation, proximity rules for crack combinations and surface cracks are used in the s-version FEM simulation. The numerical results with and without the application of the proximity rules are compared to make a validation of the application of the proximity rules in the evaluation of fatigue crack growth behaviors and residual fatigue life. The results clearly illustrate that the proximity rules accelerate the fatigue crack growth rate, and provide us with a substantially conservative evaluation. Finally, the proximity rules are slightly modified for making better approximation of combining and surface cracks. It can be found that the new proximity rules are able to give a fatigue crack growth evaluation closer to the direct simulation results.
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Yanagisawa, Hideyoshi, Kyosuke Tagashira, and Tamotsu Murakami. "A Method for Extraction of Causal Relations Between Product Design Attributes and Sensory Responses Considering Diversity of Evaluators’ Visual Attention." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28310.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the design of kansei (emotional) quality, one of the important issues is to extract causal relations between physical design attributes and the customer’s emotional responses. Without such relations, a designer has to rely on his/her own sense that may be different from the customer’s. In this paper, we propose a new method for extraction of logical rules consisting of combinations of design attributes that explain a customer’s emotional judgment towards product appearance. In the method, we apply a reduct calculation in rough set theory to derive alternatives of causal rules between design attributes and emotional judgments, and use the customer’s eye gaze features for refining the rules. We extract two types of visual attentions (VA), i.e., a single visual attention (SVA) and a combinational visual attention (CVA), by using the proposed gaze features. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, we conducted a sensory evaluation experiment using a car-interior design as a case study. In the experiment, multiple participants evaluated impressions of multiple design samples by selecting from a set of words. During the experiment, we recorded the participants’ eye gaze movements as coordinates on a screen, and asked them to vocalize aloud what they were thinking. After an evaluation of each design sample, we conducted a retrospective interview. From the results, we confirmed that the estimated SVA and CVA significantly covered the vocalized thoughts and statements made in the retrospective interview. The estimated VA reduced 53% of the erroneous causal rules and improved the quality of the rules. We found a case where two participants making the same emotional judgments have implicitly different points of view when evaluating the same design sample. Most conventional causality analysis has been unsuccessful in finding such diversity of points of view.
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Cho, Tae Min, Min Sung Chun, Hyun Joe Kim, Dong Yeon Lee, and Boo Ki Kim. "Practical Review on Fatigue Damage Estimation Under Combinations of Global and Local Loadings." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54664.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, reviews on the fatigue damage estimation are presented in case that both the global and the local loadings are applied and two practical approaches are proposed if the statistical data of the local loading are not available. So far the fatigue damage has been estimated through Rules from Classification of Societies if the statistical data such as the standard deviation and the up-crossing rate of the stress processes are available. However, in many cases, it’s hard to prepare enough data for the fatigue damage estimation, which results in very severe design. Hence two practical approaches are presented which can be applied if the statistical data of the local loading are not available. In practice, only the maximum stress range and the total cycles of the local loading are available very often. In the practical approach 1, it is assumed that the maximum stress range always occurs during the total cycles. Then, the local fatigue damage is very conservatively estimated and the total fatigue damage is obtained by the way of summation of the global fatigue damage and the local fatigue damage. In the practical approach 2, the local fatigue damage is estimated based on the assumption of the Weibull fitted local loading. And the use of the cube root summation is proposed between the global fatigue damage and the local fatigue damage. The presented two practical approaches are applied to the side appurtenances of a FPSO and the resultant fatigue damages are compared and discussed. The results of this study can be expected as practical and useful data for the fatigue analysis of the marine and offshore structures.
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Norberg, Stefan, and Staffan Sundberg. "Impact of new class rules on design and construction of bolted shaft connections." In SNAME 12th Propeller and Shafting Symposium. SNAME, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/pss-2009-13.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recently several classification societies have redefined and made more stringent their requirements for coupling bolts. Different bolting methods and their requirements have been further defined. This includes fitted bolts, non-fitted bolts and combinations thereof. For fitted bolts, the term fitted has now been defined as “The accuracy of fit is to be zero or negative clearance” or similar, requiring a verified zero to interference fit. The theoretical requirements and submittals for non-fitted bolt have been further defined as well. These new requirements will result in either larger connections or require coupling bolts that can achieve the required interference fit in a verifiable way. Traditionally, fitted bolts that require an interference fit have been installed after being cooled down with CO2 or liquid nitrogen. There are concerns about this practice due to the rapid temperature change and its effect on the bolt material. There is also the problem of how to remove a bolt fitted with an interference fit without damaging flange holes and bolts, especially after being in operation for some time. Fortunately there are established and new solutions to these updated requirements such as expandable bolts that both create the required fit and are easily removed .The alternatives also include solutions where the flanges are removed and removable couplings are used. The paper will discuss the design, maintenance and operational aspects of these rules and the different solutions.
Звіти організацій з теми "Combinations rules"
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Nukala, P. K. Implementation of modal combination rules for response spectrum analysis using GEMINI. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10999.
Повний текст джерела
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Lewis, Dustin, Radhika Kapoor, and Naz Modirzadeh. Advancing Humanitarian Commitments in Connection with Countering Terrorism: Exploring a Foundational Reframing concerning the Security Council. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/uzav2714.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The imperative to provide humanitarian and medical services on an urgent basis in armed conflicts is anchored in moral tenets, shared values, and international rules. States spend tens of billions of dollars each year to help implement humanitarian programs in conflicts across the world. Yet, in practice, counterterrorism objectives increasingly prevail over humanitarian concerns, often resulting in devastating effects for civilian populations in need of aid and protection in war. Not least, confusion and misapprehensions about the power and authority of States relative to the United Nations Security Council to set policy preferences and configure legal obligations contribute significantly to this trajectory. In this guide for States, we present a framework to reconfigure relations between these core commitments by assessing the counterterrorism architecture through the lens of impartial humanitarianism. We aim in particular to provide an evidence base and analytical frame for States to better grasp key legal and policy issues related to upholding respect for principled humanitarian action in connection with carrying out the Security Council’s counterterrorism decisions. We do so because the lack of knowledge regarding interpretation and implementation of counterterrorism resolutions matters for the coherence, integrity, and comprehensiveness of humanitarian policymaking and protection of the humanitarian imperative. In addition to analyzing foundational concerns and evaluating discernible behaviors and attitudes, we identify avenues that States may take to help achieve pro-humanitarian objectives. We also endeavor to help disseminate indications of, and catalyze, States’ legally relevant positions and practices on these issues. In section 1, we introduce the guide’s impetus, objectives, target audience, and structure. We also describe the methods that we relied on and articulate definitions for key terms. In section 2, we introduce key legal actors, sources of law, and the notion of international legal responsibility, as well as the relations between international and national law. Notably, Security Council resolutions require incorporation into national law in order to become effective and enforceable by internal administrative and judicial authorities. In section 3, we explain international legal rules relevant to advancing the humanitarian imperative and upholding respect for principled humanitarian action, and we sketch the corresponding roles of humanitarian policies, programs, and donor practices. International humanitarian law (IHL) seeks to ensure — for people who are not, or are no longer, actively participating in hostilities and whose needs are unmet — certain essential supplies, as well as medical care and attention for the wounded and sick. States have also developed and implemented a range of humanitarian policy frameworks to administer principled humanitarian action effectively. Further, States may rely on a number of channels to hold other international actors to account for safeguarding the humanitarian imperative. In section 4, we set out key theoretical and doctrinal elements related to accepting and carrying out the Security Council’s decisions. Decisions of the Security Council may contain (binding) obligations, (non-binding) recommendations, or a combination of the two. UN members are obliged to carry out the Council’s decisions. Member States retain considerable interpretive latitude to implement counterterrorism resolutions. With respect to advancing the humanitarian imperative, we argue that IHL should represent a legal floor for interpreting the Security Council’s decisions and recommendations. In section 5, we describe relevant conduct of the Security Council and States. Under the Resolution 1267 (1999), Resolution 1989 (2011), and Resolution 2253 (2015) line of resolutions, the Security Council has established targeted sanctions as counterterrorism measures. Under the Resolution 1373 (2001) line of resolutions, the Security Council has adopted quasi-“legislative” requirements for how States must counter terrorism in their national systems. Implementation of these sets of resolutions may adversely affect principled humanitarian action in several ways. Meanwhile, for its part, the Security Council has sought to restrict the margin of appreciation of States to determine how to implement these decisions. Yet international law does not demand that these resolutions be interpreted and implemented at the national level by elevating security rationales over policy preferences for principled humanitarian action. Indeed, not least where other fields of international law, such as IHL, may be implicated, States retain significant discretion to interpret and implement these counterterrorism decisions in a manner that advances the humanitarian imperative. States have espoused a range of views on the intersections between safeguarding principled humanitarian action and countering terrorism. Some voice robust support for such action in relation to counterterrorism contexts. A handful call for a “balancing” of the concerns. And some frame respect for the humanitarian imperative in terms of not contradicting counterterrorism objectives. In terms of measures, we identify five categories of potentially relevant national counterterrorism approaches: measures to prevent and suppress support to the people and entities involved in terrorist acts; actions to implement targeted sanctions; measures to prevent and suppress the financing of terrorism; measures to prohibit or restrict terrorism-related travel; and measures that criminalize or impede medical care. Further, through a number of “control dials” that we detect, States calibrate the functional relations between respect for principled humanitarian action and countering terrorism. The bulk of the identified counterterrorism measures and related “control dials” suggests that, to date, States have by and large not prioritized advancing respect for the humanitarian imperative at the national level. Finally, in section 6, we conclude by enumerating core questions that a State may answer to help formulate and instantiate its values, policy commitments, and legal positions to secure respect for principled humanitarian action in relation to counterterrorism contexts.
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. SOCIAL EXPRESSION IN MULTIMEDIA TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11072.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article investigates functional techniques of extralinguistic expression in multimedia texts; the effectiveness of figurative expressions as a reaction to modern events in Ukraine and their influence on the formation of public opinion is shown. Publications of journalists, broadcasts of media resonators, experts, public figures, politicians, readers are analyzed. The language of the media plays a key role in shaping the worldview of the young political elite in the first place. The essence of each statement is a focused thought that reacts to events in the world or in one’s own country. The most popular platform for mass information and social interaction is, first of all, network journalism, which is characterized by mobility and unlimited time and space. Authors have complete freedom to express their views in direct language, including their own word formation. Phonetic, lexical, phraseological and stylistic means of speech create expression of the text. A figurative word, a good aphorism or proverb, a paraphrased expression, etc. enhance the effectiveness of a multimedia text. This is especially important for headlines that simultaneously inform and influence the views of millions of readers. Given the wide range of issues raised by the Internet as a medium, research in this area is interdisciplinary. The science of information, combining language and social communication, is at the forefront of global interactions. The Internet is an effective source of knowledge and a forum for free thought. Nonlinear texts (hypertexts) – «branching texts or texts that perform actions on request», multimedia texts change the principles of information collection, storage and dissemination, involving billions of readers in the discussion of global issues. Mastering the word is not an easy task if the author of the publication is not well-read, is not deep in the topic, does not know the psychology of the audience for which he writes. Therefore, the study of media broadcasting is an important component of the professional training of future journalists. The functions of the language of the media require the authors to make the right statements and convincing arguments in the text. Journalism education is not only knowledge of imperative and dispositive norms, but also apodictic ones. In practice, this means that there are rules in media creativity that are based on logical necessity. Apodicticity is the first sign of impressive language on the platform of print or electronic media. Social expression is a combination of creative abilities and linguistic competencies that a journalist realizes in his activity. Creative self-expression is realized in a set of many important factors in the media: the choice of topic, convincing arguments, logical presentation of ideas and deep philological education. Linguistic art, in contrast to painting, music, sculpture, accumulates all visual, auditory, tactile and empathic sensations in a universal sign – the word. The choice of the word for the reproduction of sensory and semantic meanings, its competent use in the appropriate context distinguishes the journalist-intellectual from other participants in forums, round tables, analytical or entertainment programs. Expressive speech in the media is a product of the intellect (ability to think) of all those who write on socio-political or economic topics. In the same plane with him – intelligence (awareness, prudence), the first sign of which (according to Ivan Ogienko) is a good knowledge of the language. Intellectual language is an important means of organizing a journalistic text. It, on the one hand, logically conveys the author’s thoughts, and on the other – encourages the reader to reflect and comprehend what is read. The richness of language is accumulated through continuous self-education and interesting communication. Studies of social expression as an important factor influencing the formation of public consciousness should open up new facets of rational and emotional media broadcasting; to trace physical and psychological reactions to communicative mimicry in the media. Speech mimicry as one of the methods of disguise is increasingly becoming a dangerous factor in manipulating the media. Mimicry is an unprincipled adaptation to the surrounding social conditions; one of the most famous examples of an animal characterized by mimicry (change of protective color and shape) is a chameleon. In a figurative sense, chameleons are called adaptive journalists. Observations show that mimicry in politics is to some extent a kind of game that, like every game, is always conditional and artificial.
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Engel, Bernard, Yael Edan, James Simon, Hanoch Pasternak, and Shimon Edelman. Neural Networks for Quality Sorting of Agricultural Produce. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613033.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objectives of this project were to develop procedures and models, based on neural networks, for quality sorting of agricultural produce. Two research teams, one in Purdue University and the other in Israel, coordinated their research efforts on different aspects of each objective utilizing both melons and tomatoes as case studies. At Purdue: An expert system was developed to measure variances in human grading. Data were acquired from eight sensors: vision, two firmness sensors (destructive and nondestructive), chlorophyll from fluorescence, color sensor, electronic sniffer for odor detection, refractometer and a scale (mass). Data were analyzed and provided input for five classification models. Chlorophyll from fluorescence was found to give the best estimation for ripeness stage while the combination of machine vision and firmness from impact performed best for quality sorting. A new algorithm was developed to estimate and minimize training size for supervised classification. A new criteria was established to choose a training set such that a recurrent auto-associative memory neural network is stabilized. Moreover, this method provides for rapid and accurate updating of the classifier over growing seasons, production environments and cultivars. Different classification approaches (parametric and non-parametric) for grading were examined. Statistical methods were found to be as accurate as neural networks in grading. Classification models by voting did not enhance the classification significantly. A hybrid model that incorporated heuristic rules and either a numerical classifier or neural network was found to be superior in classification accuracy with half the required processing of solely the numerical classifier or neural network. In Israel: A multi-sensing approach utilizing non-destructive sensors was developed. Shape, color, stem identification, surface defects and bruises were measured using a color image processing system. Flavor parameters (sugar, acidity, volatiles) and ripeness were measured using a near-infrared system and an electronic sniffer. Mechanical properties were measured using three sensors: drop impact, resonance frequency and cyclic deformation. Classification algorithms for quality sorting of fruit based on multi-sensory data were developed and implemented. The algorithms included a dynamic artificial neural network, a back propagation neural network and multiple linear regression. Results indicated that classification based on multiple sensors may be applied in real-time sorting and can improve overall classification. Advanced image processing algorithms were developed for shape determination, bruise and stem identification and general color and color homogeneity. An unsupervised method was developed to extract necessary vision features. The primary advantage of the algorithms developed is their ability to learn to determine the visual quality of almost any fruit or vegetable with no need for specific modification and no a-priori knowledge. Moreover, since there is no assumption as to the type of blemish to be characterized, the algorithm is capable of distinguishing between stems and bruises. This enables sorting of fruit without knowing the fruits' orientation. A new algorithm for on-line clustering of data was developed. The algorithm's adaptability is designed to overcome some of the difficulties encountered when incrementally clustering sparse data and preserves information even with memory constraints. Large quantities of data (many images) of high dimensionality (due to multiple sensors) and new information arriving incrementally (a function of the temporal dynamics of any natural process) can now be processed. Furhermore, since the learning is done on-line, it can be implemented in real-time. The methodology developed was tested to determine external quality of tomatoes based on visual information. An improved model for color sorting which is stable and does not require recalibration for each season was developed for color determination. Excellent classification results were obtained for both color and firmness classification. Results indicted that maturity classification can be obtained using a drop-impact and a vision sensor in order to predict the storability and marketing of harvested fruits. In conclusion: We have been able to define quantitatively the critical parameters in the quality sorting and grading of both fresh market cantaloupes and tomatoes. We have been able to accomplish this using nondestructive measurements and in a manner consistent with expert human grading and in accordance with market acceptance. This research constructed and used large databases of both commodities, for comparative evaluation and optimization of expert system, statistical and/or neural network models. The models developed in this research were successfully tested, and should be applicable to a wide range of other fruits and vegetables. These findings are valuable for the development of on-line grading and sorting of agricultural produce through the incorporation of multiple measurement inputs that rapidly define quality in an automated manner, and in a manner consistent with the human graders and inspectors.