Готові списки джерел за темами / Colour evolution

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Colour evolution"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Colour evolution"

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Nevo, Omer, Kim Valenta, Diary Razafimandimby, Amanda D. Melin, Manfred Ayasse, and Colin A. Chapman. "Frugivores and the evolution of fruit colour." Biology Letters 14, no. 9 (September 2018): 20180377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0377.

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The ecological function of fruit colour has been the focus of many studies. The most commonly tested hypothesis is that fruit colour has evolved to facilitate detection by seed-dispersing animals. We tested whether distributions of fruit colours are consistent with the hypothesis that colour is an evolved signal to seed dispersers using a comparative community approach. We compared the contrast between ripe fruits and leaf backgrounds at two sites, one in Madagascar where seed dispersers are primarily night-active, red–green colour-blind lemurs, and the other in Uganda, where most vertebrate seed dispersers are day-active primates and birds with greater capacity for colour vision. We show that fruits in Uganda have higher contrast against leaf background in the red–green and luminance channels whereas fruits in Madagascar contrast more in the yellow–blue channel. These results indicate that fruit colour has evolved to contrast against background leaves in response to the visual capabilities of local seed disperser communities.
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2

Amdekar, Madhura S., and Maria Thaker. "Risk of social colours in an agamid lizard: implications for the evolution of dynamic signals." Biology Letters 15, no. 5 (May 15, 2019): 20190207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0207.

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The forces of sexual and natural selection are typically invoked to explain variation in colour patterns of animals. Although the benefits of conspicuous colours for social signalling are well documented, evidence for their ecological cost, especially for dynamic colours, remains limited. We examined the riskiness of colour patterns of Psammophilus dorsalis , a species in which males express distinct colour combinations during social interactions. We first measured the conspicuousness of these colour patterns on different substrates based on the visual systems of conspecifics and predators (bird, snake, canid) and then quantified actual predation risk on these patterns using wax/polymer lizard models in the wild. The black and red male state exhibited during courtship was the most conspicuous to all visual systems, while the yellow and orange male aggression state and the brown female colour were least conspicuous. Models bearing the courtship colour pattern experienced the highest predator attacks, irrespective of the substrate they were placed on. Thus, social colours of males are not only conspicuous but also risky. Using physiological colours to shift in and out of conspicuous states may be an effective evolutionary solution to balance social signalling benefits with predation costs.
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French, Connor M., Travis Ingram, and Daniel I. Bolnick. "Geographical variation in colour of female threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)." PeerJ 6 (May 16, 2018): e4807. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4807.

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The ecological multifunctionality of colour often results in multiple selective pressures operating on a single trait. Most research on colour evolution focuses on males because they are the most conspicuous sex in most species. This bias can limit inferences about the ecological drivers of colour evolution. For example, little is known about population divergence in colour of female threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), which is among the most intensively-studied model vertebrates in evolution, ecology, and behaviour. In contrast, the evolution and ecology of colour in male stickleback has received considerable attention. One aspect of female colouration that is lacking previous research is non-ornamental body colour. Non-ornamental colour can play defensive and social roles, and indicate other aspects of female stickleback ecology. To remedy this knowledge gap, we measured the colour and brightness of one dorsal and one ventral lateral area on female stickleback from nine lake populations on Vancouver Island. We found that lake populations varied in overall colour brightness and dorso-ventral contrast. In addition, we found that female brightness increased with lake size, indicating potential ecological drivers of these colour differences. Our results demonstrate that there is substantial scope for future research on female colour diversification, which has been overlooked because past researchers focused on dramatic male nuptial colours.
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4

Bravo, Matías, Aaron S. G. Robotham, Claudia del P. Lagos, Luke J. M. Davies, Sabine Bellstedt, and Jessica E. Thorne. "Forensic reconstruction of galaxy colour evolution and population characterization." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 511, no. 4 (February 4, 2022): 5405–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac321.

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ABSTRACT Mapping the evolution of galaxy colours, from blue star forming to red passive systems, is fundamental to understand the processes involved in galaxy evolution. To this end, we reconstruct the colour evolution of low-redshift galaxies, combining stellar templates with star formation and metallicity histories of galaxies from the Galaxy And Mass Assembly survey and shark semi-analytical model. We use these colour histories to robustly characterize the evolution of red and blue galaxy populations over cosmic time. Using a Gaussian Mixture Model to characterize the colour distribution at any given epoch and stellar mass, we find both observations and simulations strongly favour a model with only two populations (blue and red), with no evidence for a third ‘green’ population. We map the evolution of mean, weight, and scatter of the blue and red populations as a function of both stellar mass and lookback time. Using our simulated galaxy catalogue as a testbed, we find that we can accurately recover galaxies colour histories up to a lookback time of ∼6 Gyr. We find that both populations show little change in the mean colour for low-mass galaxies, while the colours at the massive end become significantly redder with time. The stellar mass above which the galaxy population is predominantly red decreases by 0.3 dex in the last 5 Gyrs. We find a good agreement between observations and simulations, with the largest tension being that massive galaxies from shark are too blue (a known issue with many galaxy evolution models).
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5

Jacobs, Gerald H., and Mickey P. Rowe. "Evolution of vertebrate colour vision." Clinical and Experimental Optometry 87, no. 4-5 (July 2004): 206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-0938.2004.tb05050.x.

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Dyer, Adrian G., Skye Boyd-Gerny, Stephen McLoughlin, Marcello G. P. Rosa, Vera Simonov, and Bob B. M. Wong. "Parallel evolution of angiosperm colour signals: common evolutionary pressures linked to hymenopteran vision." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1742 (June 6, 2012): 3606–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.0827.

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Flowering plants in Australia have been geographically isolated for more than 34 million years. In the Northern Hemisphere, previous work has revealed a close fit between the optimal discrimination capabilities of hymenopteran pollinators and the flower colours that have most frequently evolved. We collected spectral data from 111 Australian native flowers and tested signal appearance considering the colour discrimination capabilities of potentially important pollinators. The highest frequency of flower reflectance curves is consistent with data reported for the Northern Hemisphere. The subsequent mapping of Australian flower reflectances into a bee colour space reveals a very similar distribution of flower colour evolution to the Northern Hemisphere. Thus, flowering plants in Australia are likely to have independently evolved spectral signals that maximize colour discrimination by hymenoptera. Moreover, we found that the degree of variability in flower coloration for particular angiosperm species matched the range of reflectance colours that can only be discriminated by bees that have experienced differential conditioning. This observation suggests a requirement for plasticity in the nervous systems of pollinators to allow generalization of flowers of the same species while overcoming the possible presence of non-rewarding flower mimics.
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Hodge, J. R., F. Santini, and P. C. Wainwright. "Colour dimorphism in labrid fishes as an adaptation to life on coral reefs." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1923 (March 18, 2020): 20200167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0167.

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Conspicuous coloration displayed by animals that express sexual colour dimorphism is generally explained as an adaptation to sexual selection, yet the interactions and relative effects of selective forces influencing colour dimorphism are largely unknown. Qualitatively, colour dimorphism appears more pronounced in marine fishes that live on coral reefs where traits associated with strong sexual selection are purportedly more common. Using phylogenetic comparative analysis, we show that wrasses and parrotfishes exclusive to coral reefs are the most colour dimorphic, but surprisingly, the effect of habitat is not influenced by traits associated with strong sexual selection. Rather, habitat-specific selective forces, including clear water and structural refuge, promote the evolution of pronounced colour dimorphism that manifests colours less likely to be displayed in other habitats. Our results demonstrate that environmental context ultimately determines the evolution of conspicuous coloration in colour-dimorphic labrid fishes, despite other influential selective forces.
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8

Jacobs, Gerald H. "Evolution of colour vision in mammals." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1531 (October 12, 2009): 2957–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0039.

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Colour vision allows animals to reliably distinguish differences in the distributions of spectral energies reaching the eye. Although not universal, a capacity for colour vision is sufficiently widespread across the animal kingdom to provide prima facie evidence of its importance as a tool for analysing and interpreting the visual environment. The basic biological mechanisms on which vertebrate colour vision ultimately rests, the cone opsin genes and the photopigments they specify, are highly conserved. Within that constraint, however, the utilization of these basic elements varies in striking ways in that they appear, disappear and emerge in altered form during the course of evolution. These changes, along with other alterations in the visual system, have led to profound variations in the nature and salience of colour vision among the vertebrates. This article concerns the evolution of colour vision among the mammals, viewing that process in the context of relevant biological mechanisms, of variations in mammalian colour vision, and of the utility of colour vision.
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Clark, R. C., R. D. Santer, and J. S. Brebner. "A generalized equation for the calculation of receptor noise limited colour distances in n -chromatic visual systems." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 9 (September 2017): 170712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170712.

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Researchers must assess similarities and differences in colour from an animal's eye view when investigating hypotheses in ecology, evolution and behaviour. Nervous systems generate colour perceptions by comparing the responses of different spectral classes of photoreceptor through colour opponent mechanisms, and the performance of these mechanisms is limited by photoreceptor noise. Accordingly, the receptor noise limited (RNL) colour distance model of Vorobyev and Osorio (Vorobyev & Osorio 1998 Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 265 , 351–358 ( doi:10.1098/rspb.1998.0302 )) generates predictions about the discriminability of colours that agree with behavioural data, and consequently it has found wide application in studies of animal colour vision. Vorobyev and Osorio (1998) provide equations to calculate RNL colour distances for animals with di-, tri- and tetrachromatic vision, which is adequate for many species. However, researchers may sometimes wish to compute RNL colour distances for potentially more complex colour visual systems. Thus, we derive a simple, single formula for the computation of RNL distance between two measurements of colour, equivalent to the published di-, tri- and tetrachromatic equations of Vorobyev and Osorio (1998), and valid for colour visual systems with any number of types of noisy photoreceptors. This formula will allow the easy application of this important colour visual model across the fields of ecology, evolution and behaviour.
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Justyn, Nicholas M., Asritha Nallapaneni, Andrew J. Parnell, Alamgir Karim, and Matthew D. Shawkey. "A synergistic combination of structural and pigmentary colour produces non-spectral colour in the purple-breasted cotinga, Cotinga cotinga (Passeriformes: Cotingidae)." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 135, no. 1 (November 30, 2021): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blab144.

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Abstract Most studies of animal coloration focus on spectral colours, which are colours evoked by single peaks within the wavelengths of visible light. It is poorly understood how non-spectral colours (those produced by a combination of reflectance peaks) are produced, despite their potential significance to both animal communication and biomimicry. Moreover, although both pigmentary and structural colour production mechanisms have been well characterized in feathers independently, their interactions have received considerably less attention, despite their potential to broaden the available colour spectrum. Here, we investigate the colour production mechanisms of the purple feathers of the purple-breasted cotinga (Cotinga cotinga). The purple feather colour results from both the coherent scattering of light by a sphere-type nanomatrix of β-keratin and air (spongy layer) in the barbs, which produces a blue–green colour, and the selective absorption of light in the centre of the bird-visible spectrum by the methoxy-carotenoid, cotingin. This unusual combination of carotenoid and nanostructure with a central air vacuole, in the absence of melanin, is a blueprint of a synergistic way to produce a non-spectral colour that would be difficult to achieve with only a single colour production mechanism.
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Дисертації з теми "Colour evolution"

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Shigemiya, Yusuke. "Evolution of colour polymorphism in neritid snails." Kyoto University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/147702.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第10943号
人博第230号
15||185(吉田南総合図書館)
新制||人||58(附属図書館)
UT51-2004-G790
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科環境相関研究専攻
(主査)教授 加藤 真, 教授 松井 正文, 助教授 宮下 英明
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Thorogood, Rose. "Colour, carotenoids and the evolution of parental care." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608802.

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3

Abbasi, Roohollah. "Colour pattern evolution and development in Vanessa butterflies." John Wiley & Sons Publishers, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30979.

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The evolution and development of eyespot and non-eyespot colour pattern elements was studied in Vanessa butterflies using a phylogenetic approach. A Bayesian phylogeny of the genus Vanessa was reconstructed from 7750 DNA base pairs from 10 genes. Twenty-four non-eyespot and forty-four eyespot color pattern elements from the Nymphalid ground plan were defined and studied and their evolutionary history was traced on the Vanessa phylogeny. Ancestral character states were predicted and the direction of evolutionary changes was inferred for all characters. Five serially arranged eyespots were predicted for the ancestral Vanessa on all wing surfaces. Homologous eyespot and non-eyespot characters on the surfaces of the forewing were more similar than those on the surfaces of the hindwing. Homologous eyespot characters on the dorsal surfaces of fore and hindwings show more similarities than the ventral surfaces, in contrast to what was found for non-eyespot characters. Independent Contrast analysis was also used to study correlations between eyespot characters. Independent Contrast analysis revealed significant correlations between eyespots 2 and 5 and eyespots 3 and 4 on all wing surfaces. This consistency among highly variable eyespot characters suggested a structural hypothesis: the existence of a Far-Posterior (F-P) compartment boundary and organizer could be responsible for the observed correlations. This hypothesis was tested in several ways. First, examination of wing patterns across species from all families of butterflies revealed correspondence between wing cells 1 and 4 and between cells 2 and 3. Second, evaluation of spontaneous mitotic clones in butterflies and moths reveals a peak abundance of clonal boundaries along the vein dividing wing cells 2 and 3. Finally, experimentally generated FLP/FRT mitotic wing clones produced in Drosophila, reveal a clonal boundary posterior to the L5 wing vein, which is homologous to the vein dividing wing cells 3 and 4 in butterflies. Collectively, this suggests the existence of an additional compartment boundary associated with an organizer in wing cell 3 responsible for patterning the posterior portion of insect wings. A model is proposed that predicts that the wing developmental compartment boundaries produce unique combinations of gene expression for each wing sector, permitting eyespot individuation.
February 2016
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4

Schofield, Alexander Anthony. "Simulation of colour evolution in QCD scattering processes." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/simulation-of-colour-evolution-in-qcd-scattering-processes(3db98a37-23b0-4f00-bb93-ab293791aa88).html.

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We investigate the effects of colour evolution in QCD scattering processes and how these can be implemented in both analytical and numerical approaches. We split this in to four parts where each part is given in one chapter. In the first chapter we give a brief summary of the important aspects of QCD which are needed as a basis for the rest of the investigation. In addition to this, we describe different sets of formalisms for handling colour within interactions. We then give a brief review of the components of a Monte-Carlo event generator. In the second chapter we review previous work by the author on jet vetoes and their implementation in the Monte-Carlo event generator Herwig++. We describe the analytical method for studying jet vetoes and then discuss the differences between this method and that which is used in the original parton shower of Herwig++. Once this is done we make changes to both the analytical approach and Herwig++ in order to investigate these differences. We then show the results for an improved parton shower as a result of this investigation. In the third chapter we consider the effects of tuning the parameters within Herwig++. We investigate what parameters are likely to have the most changes to observables given the modifications made in the previous chapter. We then produce seven tunes to different sets of observables and discuss said tunes. In the fourth and final chapter we discuss the effects of sub-leading colour within the analytical approach and in a potential numerical setup. We discuss a set of potential algorithms for implementing sub-leading colour within a standalone parton shower.
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Dowman, Mike. "Colour Terms, Syntax and Bayes Modelling Acquisition and Evolution." University of Sydney. Information Technologies, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/558.

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This thesis investigates language acquisition and evolution, using the methodologies of Bayesian inference and expression-induction modelling, making specific reference to colour term typology, and syntactic acquisition. In order to test Berlin and Kay�s (1969) hypothesis that the typological patterns observed in basic colour term systems are produced by a process of cultural evolution under the influence of universal aspects of human neurophysiology, an expression-induction model was created. Ten artificial people were simulated, each of which was a computational agent. These people could learn colour term denotations by generalizing from examples using Bayesian inference, and the resulting denotations had the prototype properties characteristic of basic colour terms. Conversations between these people, in which they learned from one-another, were simulated over several generations, and the languages emerging at the end of each simulation were investigated. The proportion of colour terms of each type correlated closely with the equivalent frequencies found in the World Colour Survey, and most of the emergent languages could be placed on one of the evolutionary trajectories proposed by Kay and Maffi (1999). The simulation therefore demonstrates how typological patterns can emerge as a result of learning biases acting over a period of time. Further work applied the minimum description length form of Bayesian inference to modelling syntactic acquisition. The particular problem investigated was the acquisition of the dative alternation in English. This alternation presents a learnability paradox, because only some verbs alternate, but children typically do not receive reliable evidence indicating which verbs do not participate in the alternation (Pinker, 1989). The model presented in this thesis took note of the frequency with which each verb occurred in each subcategorization, and so was able to infer which subcategorizations were conspicuously absent, and so presumably ungrammatical. Crucially, it also incorporated a measure of grammar complexity, and a preference for simpler grammars, so that more general grammars would be learned unless there was sufficient evidence to support the incorporation of some restriction. The model was able to learn the correct subcategorizations for both alternating and non-alternating verbs, and could generalise to allow novel verbs to appear in both constructions. When less data was observed, it also overgeneralized the alternation, which is a behaviour characteristic of children when they are learning verb subcategorizations. These results demonstrate that the dative alternation is learnable, and therefore that universal grammar may not be necessary to account for syntactic acquisition. Overall, these results suggest that the forms of languages may be determined to a much greater extent by learning, and by cumulative historical changes, than would be expected if the universal grammar hypothesis were correct.
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6

Panorgias, Athanasios. "Peripheral human colour vision : from cone contrast to colour perception." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/peripheral-human-colour-vision-from-cone-contrast-to-colour-perception(aa92cad7-477a-40ce-b91e-df87927d0caa).html.

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It is well known that the colour preferences of ganglion and LGN cells do not match the four perceptually simple colours red, green blue and yellow. It is also known that although colour perception is distorted in the peripheral visual field, there are four hues that appear stable with eccentricity. These are defined as peripherally invariant hues. Both of these observations must in some way reflect the physiological substrate of neurons at different stages of the primary visual pathway. The experiments described here are aimed at understanding the link between the physiology and the perception of colour by studying the characteristics of peripheral colour visionThe following questions have been addressed; i) to what extent does colour matching rely on the retinal physiological substrate? ii) what is the reason for the discrepancy between invariant and unique green and how is cone contrast linked to this paradox? iii) how are the `special' hues (invariant and unique) related to human evolution? iv) how does peripheral colour vision vary between males and females?An asymmetric colour matching paradigm and a colour naming task have been employed. In the colour matching task, 24 chromatic axes of variable purity are used. Observers match the chromaticity of a 3 degree peripheral spot with that of a 1 degree parafoveal spot. The results are expressed in terms of hue rotation, saturation match and cone contrast. In the colour naming experiment the observers name 40 chromatic axes as either red, blue, green or yellow and colour naming functions are derived. The central maxima of these functions are defined as the unique hues. The results suggest that colour matching and cone opponency reflect the characteristics of the retinal neural network as they exhibit nasal-temporal asymmetries, similar to known physiological asymmetries. Although three of the peripherally invariant hues match the unique counterparts, invariant and unique green are markedly different for all observers. In an important control experiment unique hues are shown to be stable with eccentricity and purity. This confirms that these attributes are not confounding factors for the observed discrepancy between invariant and unique green. Unlike for the other 'special' hues the RMS cone contrast of invariant green differs markedly between parafoveal and peripheral targets. It is likely that the cone contrast remains unchanged only if the stimuli excite the same number of cones. Two invariant and two unique hues (blue and yellow) fall on the daylight locus suggesting that discrimination in these regions of the colour space is strongly influenced by terrestrial illumination. Moreover, the inter-individual variability is found to be minimised around the daylight locus showing that the blue-yellow system is more stable across colour normal populations than the red-green system. A statistically significant difference is demonstrated between the peripheral colour vision of males and females. This may be attributed to the M-cone polymorphism which in addition to X-chromosome inactivation, results in more than three cone types in the female retina.
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Harling, Christine. "Evolution and eye design in stomatopod crustaceans." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264594.

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The diverse visual specialisations of stomatopods are an important consideration in studies of their radiation and evolution. Most stomatopods in the Superfamilies Gonodactyloidea and Lysiosquilloidea have regionally specialised eyes. A central band composed of six rows of ommatidia contains an array of photoreceptive pigments and filters that allow for finely tuned colour and polarisation vision. In other stomatopods the mid-band is reduced and unspecialised, or is absent. Previously, this has been considered to be the plesiomorphic condition. Phylogenetic analyses of the Stomatopoda show that the extant stomatopod lineages evolved from a gonodactyloid-type ancestor. Characters for phylogenetic analyses have been derived from external morphology, details of eye daslqn and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Although not wholly congruent, the results from these separate analyses indicate that species with a simpler eye design are not more primitive but have lost parts of the mid-band arrangement. This regressive evolutionary event has occurred independently on a number of occasions. Observations on the neuroanatomy of the eyes in the stomatopod Neogonodactylus oerstedii have revealed the existence of an accessory lobe located distally on the medulla externa and connecting with the six mid-band rows. The lobe is involved in processing colour and polarisation information. The discovery of the lobe in species that lack the retinal specialisations for colour vision provides further evidence that they are descended from a more advanced ancestor. Similarities in the arrangement of eye muscles between species with a two or six row mid-band also give support for this conjecture. The ancestors of the modern stomatopods are likely to have evolved in shallow water and coral reef habitats. The development of colour vision was advantageous for prey location and in interspecific encounters. Stomatopods subsequently radiated into a diverse range of habitats. For those in more spectrally limited surroundings the colour vision system has largely been lost but vestiges are still present today in the form of a reduced mid-band and medulla lobe.
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8

Clarke, Jason Michael. "The evolution of body colour in threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11981.

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This thesis addresses questions concerning the evolution of body colour in threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Chapter 2 examines natural selection of colour in sticklebacks by investigating the possible divergence of cryptic colouration between a species pair. I determined that the upper body colour of benthics matched the littoral background (benthics’ habitat) colour more closely than did the upper body colour of limnetics, suggesting that in their own habitat benthics are more cryptically coloured than the limnetic species. Furthermore, I found that benthics exhibited a greater degree of colour plasticity and consistency in this plasticity than limnetics, which is likely an adaptive response to the greater spectral heterogeneity of the littoral zone. Chapter 3 examines sexual selection of colour in sticklebacks by investigating whether UV is a secondary sexual character on the abdomen of four stickleback populations. Using colour measurements taken from reproductive males and females during the breeding season and individuals from the non-breeding season, I found that UV did not exhibit striking patterns of sexually dimorphism or seasonality on the abdomen, suggesting that UV is not a secondary sexual character on this part of the body in these populations. The Priest benthic population, however, exhibited significant sexual dimorphism and borderline significant seasonality, leaving open the possibility that UV may be a secondary sexual character in this population.
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9

Michie, Laura Jane. "Evolution and genetics of colour polymorphism in three ladybird species." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609207.

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Stoddard, Mary Caswell. "The evolution of colour, pattern and structure in avian eggs." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610588.

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Книги з теми "Colour evolution"

1

German colour terms: A study in their historical evolution from earliest times to the present. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013.

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2

Jaques, Shulla. The evolution of mount board for the display of water colour paintings and its development for use in conservation. London: Camberwell College of Arts, 1993.

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3

Gerritsen, Frans. Evolution in color. West Chester, Pa: Schiffer Pub., 1988.

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4

Canada, Geological Survey of. Thermal Maturation of Paleozoic Strata in Eastern Canada From Conodont Colour Alteration Index (Cai) Data with Implications For Burial History, Tectonic Evolution, Hotspot Tracks and Mineral and Hydrocarbon. S.l: s.n, 1986.

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5

Nowlan, Godfrey S. Thermal maturation of Paleozoic strata in eastern Canada from conodont colour alteration index (CAI) data with implications for burial history, tectonic evolution, hotspot tracks, and mineral and hydrocarbon exploration. Ottawa, Canada: Geological Survey of Canada, 1987.

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6

1921-, Ipsen D. C., and Gillfillan Gretchen, eds. Animal coloration: Activities on the evolution of concealing coloration in animals. Arlington, Va: National Science Teachers Association, 2008.

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7

Berlin, Brent. Basic color terms: Their universality and evolution. Stanford, Calif: Center for the Study of Language and Information, 1999.

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8

Crone, Robert A. A history of color: The evolution of theories of lights and color. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1999.

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9

Die Evolution der Farben: Goethes Farbenlehre in neuem Licht. Ravensburg: Ravensburger Buchverlag, 1998.

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10

Kognitive Strukturbildungsprozesse und soziokulturelle Evolution: Eine empirische Untersuchung am Beispiel der Entwicklung von Farbbegriffssystemen. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1989.

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Частини книг з теми "Colour evolution"

1

Grandison, Alexandra, Ian R. L. Davies, and Paul T. Sowden. "The evolution of GRUE." In Colour Studies, 53–66. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.191.03gra.

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Leyk, Stefan. "Segmentation of Colour Layers in Historical Maps Based on Hierarchical Colour Sampling." In Graphics Recognition. Achievements, Challenges, and Evolution, 231–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13728-0_21.

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3

Trim, Richard. "Semantic Fields and Colour." In Metaphor and the Historical Evolution of Conceptual Mapping, 109–28. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230337053_6.

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4

Kalmus, H. "The Evolution of Trichromatic Vision in the Primates." In Colour Vision Deficiencies VIII, 505–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4275-2_73.

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De Jong, Roelof S. "Colour (≈Age?) Gradients in Spiral Galaxies." In New Light on Galaxy Evolution, 358. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0229-9_70.

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Kodama, Tadayuki, Nobuo Arimoto, Amy Barger, and Alfonso Aragón-Salamanca. "Evolution of the Colour-Magnitude Relation of Elliptical Galaxies." In Cosmic Chemical Evolution, 226. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0452-7_34.

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Dedrick, Don. "Composite Colour Categories and the Evolution of Systems of Colour Naming." In Naming the Rainbow, 77–107. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2382-4_6.

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Borch, Andrea, Klaus Meisenheimer, Christian Wolf, and Meghan Gray. "Towards a New Galaxy Template Library for Multi-Colour Classification." In The Evolution of Galaxies, 671–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3315-1_134.

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Cunow, Barbara. "Investigation of Colour Gradients in Non-Active and Active Spiral Galaxies." In The Evolution of Galaxies, 449–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3315-1_88.

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Arimoto, Nobuo, and Tadayuki Kodama. "Origin of the Colour-Magnitude Relation of Elliptical Galaxies." In Galaxy Scaling Relations: Origins, Evolution and Applications, 132–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69654-4_16.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Colour evolution"

1

Plaetzer, Simon. "Summing Large-N Towers in Colour Flow Evolution." In Loops and Legs in Quantum Field Theory. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.211.0039.

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2

Schaefer, G., and L. Nolle. "A Hybrid Differential Evolution Approach To Colour Map Generation." In 20th Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2006-0434.

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3

Santos, Gabriela, and Cristina Carvalho. "Ergonomic Fashion Design: Sustainable Dyes." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001318.

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Water waste, contamination, and fossil fuel generated energy are acknowledged issues within the textile industry. Current dyeing processes pose serious threat to the environment and human health, often associated with toxic and carcinogenic substances that are released into the environment, through effluents not conveniently treated before being discharged into natural waters. Besides print and pattern, consumers demand for basic characteristics in textiles – these must resist to agents that cause colours to fade. On the other hand, industry must provide a great range of colours and access to huge quantities of coloured substance to dye. Simultaneously, it must be cost-effective. Natural dyes are perceived as less harmful for the environment due to its biodegradable nature. Studies reveal certain natural dyes possess UVR protection properties, as well as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory assets. Nevertheless, depending on the nature of the dye, there are many advantages and disadvantages to consider.Through an extensive study on various fields such as Biotechnology, History, Ethnography, Biology, Archaeology, amongst many others we gathered information regarding natural coloured compounds, colour sources (plants, animals and microorganisms), ancient and modern techniques of extraction and application. This study shows the evolution of dyes throughout the centuries. It also reveals that the revival of natural dyes in addiction to new cutting edge technologies such as biotechnology might allow for an industrial feasibility.
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Noda, Tsuneo, Masa-aki Hashimoto, Nobutoshi Yasutake, Toshiki Maruyama, Toshitaka Tatsumi, Masayuki Fujimoto, Isao Tanihara, et al. "Cooling of Compact Stars with Quark-Hadron Mixed Phase in the Colour Superconductive State." In THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ORIGIN OF MATTER AND EVOLUTION OF GALAXIES: OMEG—2010. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3485174.

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5

Manukyan, Liana, Antonio Martins, Sophie A. Montandon, Michel Bessant, and Michel C. Milinkovitch. "A versatile high-resolution scanning system and its application to statistical analysis of lizards' skin colour time-evolution." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2014 Posters. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2614217.2630577.

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6

Trochoutsos, Christos, and Anastasios Politis. "Developments in digital print standardization." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p44.

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Digital Printing has been established as one of the most rapidly evolving printing processes since its first introduction in 1982. In the years that followed, digital printing became the one significant new technology for print media production. Digital printing is continuously changing the print media landscape. Although, DP creates structural changes in production workflow and processes, it lacks in terms of print standardization, compared to offset printing for example, where consistent aim values and guidelines apply by means of ISO 12647-2. This drawback basically depends on two factors, which are interrelated. Firstly, there are many different technologies that are used in digital printing, and, each of them shows substantial difference in printing technology, substrates, data preparation, process control and image quality requirements. Secondly, compared to conventional printing, some digital printing technologies are still developing. After all, digital printing is versatile and variable in every way and cannot be standardized under a single standard. A research on the digital printing technologies, processes and workflows is needed, to determine if a print specifications and quality controls (among them color management), can be applied in Digital Printing, and if possible, to which segment. Since color is very important to printing, especially in packaging and marketing applications, the print evolution demands for matching colors across technologies, substrates, materials and colorants. This paper intends to reveal the present status regarding Digital Printing Standardization. The question posed is whether standards can be applied and in which segments of digital printing either as technology or print sector (commercial decoration, packaging). Within the paper, an analysis of the current industrial typical guidelines ranging from data creation all the way to printing will be made. Guidelines that are determined either by the manufactures of the digital printing machines, or by Institutes, such as FOGRA are reviewed for output process control and colour fidelity. As such, this paper can be regarded as a first attempt to preview the basis where standardization for digital printing processes can be developed.
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7

Merola, Simona S., Bianca M. Vaglieco, and Ezio Mancaruso. "Analysis of Combustion Process in a Transparent Common Rail Diesel Engine by 2D Digital Imaging and Flame Emission Spectroscopy." In ASME 2003 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2003-0644.

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Spectroscopic measurements and 2D digital imaging were used in single cylinder, four-stroke DI diesel engine, optically accessible. It was equipped with a four-valve head and fully flexible electronic controlled ‘Common Rail’ injection system. Three fuel injection strategies, descriptive of the CR diesel engine, were considered. They consisted of a main, a pilot and main and finally pilot, main and post injections. Fuel spray and visible flame propagation were evaluated by digital imaging at high temporal resolution. Autoignition and combustion processes were analysed by broadband ultraviolet-visible flame emission spectroscopy. Radical species such as OH and C2 allowed to characterise the ignition process and pollutant formation. Soot temperature and mass concentration were evaluated by two-colour pyrometry. The presence of C2 and OH radicals strongly characterised CR diesel combustion process during soot formation and evolution. In particular, the high presence of OH concentration for the whole process, from the autoignition to the soot formation and successive phases, contributed to lower the soot levels.
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8

Pawle, George B., and Lars Borg. "Evolution of the ICC profile connection space." In 9th Congress of the International Color Association, edited by Robert Chung and Allan Rodrigues. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.464594.

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9

Schweitzer, Peter, and Christian Weiss. "GPDs in the QCD Multi-Color Limit." In QCD Evolution 2015. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.249.0041.

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HAWKEY, DAVID J. C. "THE INTERRELATED EVOLUTIONS OF COLOUR VISION, COLOUR AND COLOUR TERMS." In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference (EVOLANG6). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812774262_0063.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Colour evolution"

1

Nowlan, G. S., and C. R. Barnes. Thermal maturation of paleozoic strata in eastern Canada from Conodont Colour Alteration Index (CAI) data with implications for burial history, tectonic evolution, hotspot tracks and mineral and hydrocarbon exploration. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/122453.

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2

Wood, Keith V. Luciferases of Luminous Beetles: Evolution, Color Variation, and Applications. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada251122.

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3

Menlove, Howard Olsen, William H. Geist, Margaret A. Root, Carlos D. Rael, and Anthony P. Belian. Neutron Collar Evolution and Fresh PWR Assembly Measurements with a New Fast Neutron Passive Collar. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1407866.

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4

Gardner, A., and Susan Gardner. Color Transparency and the Energy Evolution of Final-State Interactions in Charmonium Photoproduction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/954238.

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5

Burns-Dans, Elizabeth, Alexandra Wallis, and Deborah Gare. A History of the Architects Board of Western Australia, 1921-2021. The Architects Board of Western Australia and The University of Notre Dame Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32613/reports/2021.1.

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An economic and population boom in the 1890s created opportunities for architects to find work and fame in Western Australia. Architecture, therefore, became a viable profession for the first time, and the number of practicing architects in the colony (and then state) quickly grew. Associations such as the Western Australian Institute of Architects were established to organise the profession, but as the number of architects grew and Western Australian society matured, it became evident that a role for government was required to ensure practice standards and consumer protection. In 1921, therefore, the Architects Act was passed, and, in the following year, the Architects Board of Western Australia was launched. This report traces the evolution and transformation of professional architectural practice since then, and evaluates the role and impact of the Board in its first century.
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6

Ullman, Diane E., Benjamin Raccah, John Sherwood, Meir Klein, Yehezkiel Antignus, and Abed Gera. Tomato Spotted Wilt Tosporvirus and its Thrips Vectors: Epidemiology, Insect/Virus Interactions and Control. United States Department of Agriculture, November 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573062.bard.

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Objectives. The major aim of the proposed research was to study thrips-TSWV relationships and their role in the epidemiology of the virus with the aim of using this knowledge to reduce crop losses occurring due to epidemics. Our specific objectives were: To determine the major factors involved in virus outbreaks, including: a) identifying the thrips species involved in virus dissemination and their relative role in virus spread; b) determining the virus sources among wild and cultivated plants throughout the season and their role in virus spread, and, c) determining how temperature and molecular variations in isolates impact virus replication in plants and insects and impact the transmission cycle. Background to the topic. Tospoviruses are among the most important emerging plant viruses that impact production of agricultural and ornamental crops. Evolution of tospoviruses and their relationships with thrips vector species have been of great interest because of crop damage caused world wide and the complete absence of suitable methods of control. Tospoviruses threaten crops in Israel and the United States. By understanding the factors contributing to epidemics and the specific relationships between thrips species and particular tospoviruses we hope that new strategies for control can be developed that will benefit agriculture in both Israel and the United States. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements. We determined that at least three tospoviruses were involved in epidemics in Israel and the United States, tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) and iris yellow spot virus (IYSV). We detected and characterized INSV for the first time in Israel and, through our efforts, IYSV was detected and characterized for the first time in both countries. We demonstrated that many thrips species were present in commercial production areas and trap color influenced thrips catch. Frankliniella occidentalis was the major vector species of INSV and TSWV and populations varied in transmission efficiency. Thrips tabaci is the sole known vector of IYSV and experiments in both countries indicated that F. occidentalis is not a vector of this new tospovirus. Alternate plant hosts were identified for each virus. A new monitoring system combining sticky cards and petunia indicator plants was developed to identify sources of infective thrips. This system has been highly successful in the U.S. and was used to demonstrate to growers that removal of plant sources of infective thrips has a dramatic impact on virus incidence. Finally, a putative thrips receptor mediating acquisition of TSWV was discovered. Implications, scientific and agricultural. Our findings have contributed to new control measures that will benefit agriculture. Identification of a putative thrips receptor for TSWV and our findings relative to thrips/tospovirus specificity have implications for development of innovative new control strategies.
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The CIE 2016 Colour Appearance Model for Colour Management Systems: CIECAM16. International Commission on Illumination, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/tr.248.2022.

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A colour appearance model provides a viewing-condition-specific method for the transformation of the tristimulus values, X, Y, Z, to or from perceptual attribute correlates. This publication describes a specific colour appearance model, CIECAM16, which may be useful for colour management systems, used in the imaging industries, that involve related colours. The main applications of the model are the evaluation of photographic prints and self-luminous displays, where the colours will be perceived as related colours. This model is based on the CAM16 colour appearance model. It consists of a chromatic adaptation transform and equations to calculate a set of perceptual attribute correlates using the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric observer. This report provides revisions to the CIE colour appearance model for colour management systems that involve related colours, CIECAM02. The CIECAM16 model is simpler than the original CIECAM02 model, but it maintains the same prediction performance for visual data as the original model. The evolution and application of this colour appearance model, CIECAM16, are presented, as is additional information about the use of the model in practical applications. The publication is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 38 pages with 6 figures and is readily available from the CIE Webshop or from the National Committees of the CIE.
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