Готові списки джерел за темами / Colloid and Surface Chemistry

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Colloid and Surface Chemistry"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021
Оновлено: 20 квітня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Colloid and Surface Chemistry":

1

Amézaga González, María Fernanda, Jazzely Acosta Bezada, Víctor Gómez Flores, Christian Chapa González, Jose Rurik Farias Mancilla, S. J. Castillo, Carlos Avila Orta, and Perla E. García-Casillas. "Effect of Physiological Fluid on the Photothermal Properties of Gold Nanostructured." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 9 (May 6, 2023): 8339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24098339.

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Colloidal gold particles have been extensively studied for their potential in hyperthermia treatment due to their ability to become excited in the presence of an external laser. However, their light-to-heat efficiency is affected by the physiologic environment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the ability of gold sphere, rod, and star-shaped colloids to elevate the temperature of blood plasma and breast cancer-simulated fluid under laser stimulation. Additionally, the dependence of optical properties and colloid stability of gold nanostructures with physiological medium, particle shape, and coating was determined. The light-to-heat efficiency of the gold particle is shape-dependent. The light-to-heat conversion efficiency of a star-shaped colloid is 36% higher than that of sphere-shaped colloids. However, the raised temperature of the surrounding medium is the lowest in the star-shaped colloid. When gold nanostructures are exited with a laser stimulation in a physiological fluid, the ions/cations attach to the surface of the gold particles, resulting in colloidal instability, which limits electron oscillation and diminishes the energy generated by the plasmonic excitation. Fluorescein (Fl) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) attached to gold spheres enhances their colloidal stability and light-to-heat efficiency; post-treatment, they remand their optical properties.
2

Čermáková, Kateřina, Ondřej Šesták, Pavel Matějka, Vladimír Baumruk, and Blanka Vlčková. "Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Spectroscopy with Borohydride-Reduced Silver Colloids: Controlling Adsorption of the Scattering Species by Surface Potential of Silver Colloid." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 58, no. 11 (1993): 2682–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19932682.

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Formation of Ag colloid/adsorbate SERS-active systems (upon adsorption of the selected adsorbates on the surface of Ag colloidal particles) as a function of (i) NaBH4 to AgNO3 molar ratio in the preparation protocol of Ag colloid, and (ii) aging of the colloid has been investigated by Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. Oligomeric synthetic polypeptides, bovine serum albumin, phosphate coadsorbed with CuTMePyP [copper(II) derivative of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(N-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin chloride] and borates in systems with N-containing bases were selected as model adsorbates. Both (i) a decrease of NaBH4 to AgNO3 molar ratio upon preparation and (ii) aging of Ag colloid affect adsorption of the adsorbates and consequently, their SERS spectra, in the same manner. Aging of Ag colloid is thus viewed as a slow hydrolysis of BH4- anions. The actual concentration of BH4- in the system is identified as the most important factor controlling adsorption of all the selected adsorbates on the surface of Ag colloid. As this factor can be related to the surface potential, the conditions controlling adsorption of the selected adsorbates are specified in terms of a more negative and/or more positive surface potential of Ag colloidal particles. A more positive surface potential promotes adsorption of polypeptides, bovine serum albumin and phosphate while observation of spectral features of borates in the SERS spectra of N-containing bases in alkaline solutions is conditioned by a more negative surface potential.
3

Pietrowski, Mariusz, Michał Zieliński, and Maria Wojciechowska. "Nanocolloidal Ru/MgF2 Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Chloronitrobenzene and Toluene." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 16, no. 2 (June 26, 2014): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2014-0031.

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Abstract The use of magnesium fluoride support for ruthenium active phase allowed obtaining new catalysts of high activities in the hydrogenation of toluene and ortho-chloronitrobenzene. Ruthenium colloid catalysts (1 wt.% of Ru) were prepared by impregnation of the support with the earlier produced polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-stabilized ruthenium colloids. The performances of the colloidal catalysts and those obtained by traditional impregnation were tested in the reactions of toluene hydrogenation to methylcyclohexane and selective hydrogenation of ortho-chloronitrobenzene (o-CNB) to ortho-chloroaniline (o-CAN). It was shown that the use of chemical reduction method allows obtaining highly monodisperse ruthenium nanoparticles of 1.6–2.6 nm in size. After reduction in hydrogen at 400oC, the colloidal ruthenium nanoparticles were found to strongly interact with MgF2 surface (SMSI), which decreased the catalyst ability to hydrogen chemisorption, but despite this, the colloid catalysts showed higher activity in o-CNB hydrogenation and higher selectivity to o-CAN than the traditional ones. It is supposed that their higher activity can be a result of high dispersion of Ru in colloid catalysts and the higher selectivity can be a consequence of the lower availability of hydrogen on the surface.
4

Chrzastowski, Tina. "Information Sources in Surface and Colloid Chemistry." Science & Technology Libraries 9, no. 3 (July 11, 1989): 75–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j122v09n03_09.

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5

Kerker, Milton. "Eighteen years of colloid and surface chemistry." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 150, no. 2 (May 1992): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(92)90230-j.

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6

Wang, Xiaolu, Martin In, Christophe Blanc, Paolo Malgaretti, Maurizio Nobili, and Antonio Stocco. "Wetting and orientation of catalytic Janus colloids at the surface of water." Faraday Discussions 191 (2016): 305–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6fd00025h.

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Janus colloidal particles show remarkable properties in terms of surface activity, self-assembly and wetting. Moreover they can perform autonomous motion if they can chemically react with the liquid in which they are immersed. In order to understand the self-propelled motion of catalytic Janus colloids at the air–water interface, wetting and the orientation of the catalytic surface are important properties to be investigated. Wetting plays a central role in active motion since it determines the contact between the fuel and the catalytic surface as well as the efficiency of the transduction of the chemical reaction into motion. Active motion is not expected to occur either when the catalytic face is completely out of the aqueous phase or when the Janus boundaries are parallel to the interfacial plane. The design of a Janus colloid possessing two hydrophilic faces is required to allow the catalytic face to react with the fuel (e.g. H2O2 for platinum) in water and to permit some rotational freedom of the Janus colloid in order to generate propulsion parallel to the interfacial plane. Here, we discuss some theoretical aspects that should be accounted for when studying Janus colloids at the surface of water. The free energy of ideal Janus colloidal particles at the interface is modeled as a function of the immersion depth and the particle orientation. Analytical expressions of the energy profiles are established. Energetic aspects are then discussed in relation to the particle’s ability to rotate at the interface. By introducing contact angle hysteresis we describe how the effects of contact line pinning modifies the scenario described in the ideal case. Experimental observations of the contact angle hysteresis of Janus colloids at the interface reveal the effect of pinning; and orientations of silica particles half covered with a platinum layer at the interface do not comply with the ideal scenarios. Experimental observations suggest that Janus colloids at the fluid interface behave as a kinetically driven system, where the contact line motion over the defects decorating the Janus faces rules the orientation and rotational diffusion of the particle.
7

Zuo, Rui, Kexue Han, Rongtao Shi, Fei Ding, Li Liu, Jinsheng Wang, Yanguo Teng, Jie Yang, and Xin Liu. "Effect of Colloidal Silicate on the Migration Behaviour of Strontium in Groundwater Environment of Geological Disposal Candidate Site." Journal of Chemistry 2019 (September 23, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9606121.

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Various colloids are present in the natural groundwater environment, and colloids act on the processes involved when radionuclides leak from a repository in a high-level waste disposal site. This paper investigates the effect of colloidal silicate in natural groundwater environments on the migration behaviour of Sr(II). Three different experimental cases have been designed: (1) effect in the presence of colloidal silicate, (2) effect in the presence of a porous medium, and (3) effect in the presence of both colloidal silicate and porous medium (referred to as CS, PM, and PC, respectively). Batch experiments were used to study the effect of influencing factors on Sr(II) migration behaviour, such as the amount of CS, solid-to-liquid ratio, pH, contact time, and initial concentration of Sr(II). The experiments showed that the effect of PC on the migration behaviour of Sr(II) was greatest, and the presence of CS enhanced the sorption. The colloid amount, pH, and solid-to-liquid ratio significantly affected the migration behaviour. The more the colloids were added, the better the adsorption effect. The optimal pH and solid-to-liquid ratio were 6 and 20 : 1, respectively. The alkaline environment is more conductive to colloid sorption. When the solid-to-liquid ratio was 20 : 1, the sorption percentage of PC is 0.5 times larger than PM. Although the PC has a longer adsorption equilibrium time, the percentage of adsorption can be larger than that in the other two cases. The kinetics and isotherms of Sr(II) were best described by the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models. It was inferred that strong chemical interactions and/or surface complexation contributed primarily to Sr(II) sorption, and the process was on the monolayer adsorption of the outer surface. These findings provide valuable information for the migration behaviour of strontium in groundwater environments of geological disposal site. At the same time, it provides information for the implementation of permeable reactive barrier technology to control the transport of radioactive Sr(II) and its species in natural surface and groundwater.
8

Yu, Xiang, and P. Somasundaran. "Colloid Chemistry in Mineral Processing." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 83, no. 2 (March 1994): 183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0927-7757(94)80103-7.

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9

Shaw, D. J., and Bernard Costello. "Introduction to colloid and surface chemistry (4th edition)." Tribology International 26, no. 3 (June 1993): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-679x(93)90102-7.

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10

Tadros, Th F. "Surface and colloid chemistry in advanced ceramics processing." Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 61 (1995): 192–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-8686(95)90003-9.

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Статті в журналах Дисертації Книги

Дисертації з теми "Colloid and Surface Chemistry":

1

Seppänen, Rauni. "On the Internal Sizing Mechanisms of Paper with AKD and ASA Related to Surface Chemistry, Wettability and Friction." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Kemi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4537.

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Paper and board are hydrophobized (sized) to control the spreading and absorption of waterbased inks and retard the absorption and edge penetration of liquid packaging by aqueous liquids. Alkenyl ketene dimers (AKD) and alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) are synthetic sizing agents that are generally used under neutral or slightly alkaline papermaking conditions. The overall objective of this thesis is to improve understanding of the internal sizing of paper and board by AKD and ASA by establishing a link between the sizing mechanism on one hand, and properties of sized papers, such as surface chemistry, wettability and friction, on the other. Fundamental research has been conducted in parallel with more applied research on laboratory and pilot papers. Significant effort has been expended to study the spreading behavior of AKD. The main instrument to characterize the surface chemical composition of AKD and ASA sized papers was X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). By combination with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) we have been able to determine the lateral distribution and the chemical state of the sizing agent at the paper surface. Combined with contact angle measurements using liquids with different surface tensions, and other methods to analyze the amounts of size in paper, this has enabled us to obtain a deeper knowledge of the sizing mechanisms of AKD and ASA. The results indicate a definitive relationship between the redistribution of AKD at the surface of pilot papers and the drying profile used during papermaking. However, the spreading was not complete, as also seen on a model surface. Further spreading of AKD was shown to occur via surface diffusion in the form of an autophobic monolayer precursor. The spreading rate increased linearly with temperature and showed an inverse proportionality with respect to the melting point of the AKD. This monolayer spreading is relatively slow the diffusion coefficient being of the order 10-11 m2/s. AKD spreading was not hindered by hydrolyzed AKD (ketone) that spread as well. Moreover, AKD spread on the surface of crystalline calcium carbonate. In laboratory papers, the extractives present on CTMP fiber surfaces appeared to have enhanced the spreading of AKD when the fibers were in water. In spite of a slightly lower retention, ASA covered the surface of unfilled and PCC-filled pilot papers to a significantly higher extent than AKD. The ASA sized papers, however demonstrated slightly lower resistance to water. This was attributed to formation of hydrolyzed ASA products. The results obtained confirm the proposed sizing mechanism for ASA, where the hydrolyzed ASA plays a key role. The sizing level of these papers stored wrapped in aluminium foil at 23 °C and 5O %RH was nearly unchanged over prolonged storage time. In contrast, the papers exposed to ambient conditions suffered from sizing loss, most likely due to hydrolysis and migration. The reduction of the sizing degree was higher for the AKD than ASA sized unfilled papers and the catalytic effect of PCC contributed to the hydrolysis of AKD in PCC-filled papers. As expected, the use of sizing agent reduced the surface energy of paper. The higher the sizing degree of paper the lower the surface energy, and thus the higher the resistance to wetting. This was particularly seen in the contact angles with ethylene glycol having a lower surface tension than water. AKD significantly decreased the friction between unfilled papers, whereas ASA had no impact. This difference was attributed to surface chemical composition. Friction reduction for the AKD sized papers started at the AKD coverage normally found in paper produced for low water absorption. As expected, PCC filler increased paper-to-paper friction.
Papper och kartong hydrofoberas (limmas) för att kontrollera spridning och absorption avvattenbaserade tryckfärger och hindra kantinträngning av vattenbaserade vätskor ivätskekartong. Alkylketendimer (AKD) och alkylbärnstensyra anhydrid (ASA) är syntetiskahydrofoberingsmedel som allmänt används under neutrala eller något alkaliska förhållandenvid papperstillverkning.Arbetets övergripande målsättning var att förbättra förståelse för mäldhydrofobering avpapper och kartong med AKD och ASA genom att upprätta ett samband mellanhydrofoberingsmekanism på ena sida och ytkemi hos hydrofoberat papper och dessvätningsförmåga och friktion på den andra sidan. Grundläggande studier parallellt med mertillämpade undersökningar på laboratorie- och pilotpapper har utförts. En betydande strävanhar använts för att studera spridning av AKD. Huvudinstrumentet för att karakterisera kemisksammansättning av ytan av pilotpapper hydrofoberade med AKD och ASA var röntgenfotoelektron spektroskopi (XPS). Genom att kombinera det med sekundär jonmasspektrometri (ToF-SIMS) har lateral fördelning och kemiskt tillstånd av AKD och ASAvid en yta av papper kunnat bestämmas. Kombinerat med mätningar av kontaktvinkel medvätskor med olika ytspänning och andra metoder för att analysera halten avhydrofoberinsgmedel i papper har gjort det möjligt att erhålla djupare kunskap omhydrofoberingsmekanismer av AKD och ASA.Resultaten indikerar en klar koppling mellan omfördelning av AKD på ytan av pilotpapperoch torkningsprofil vid papperstillverkning. Emellertid, spridningen var inte fullständig, vilketvar fallet även på modellytor. Fortsatt spridning av AKD visades ske som ytdiffusion i formav ett autofobiskt monoskikt (precursor film). Spridningshastigheten ökade linjärt medtemperatur och visade omvänd proportionalitet med avseende på AKD:s smältpunkt. Dennamonoskiktspridning är relativt långsam, diffusionshastighet är i storleksordningen 10-11 m2/s.Hydrolyserat AKD (keton) hindrade inte AKD:s spridning utan spred även den. Dessutomspred AKD på ytan av kristallina kalciumkarbonat. I laboratoriepapper är extraktivämnennärvarande på ytor av CTMP fiber och tycktes ha förbättrat AKD:s spridning när fibrerna varunder vatten.ivTrots något lägre retention täckte ASA ytan av icke-fyllda och PCC-fyllda papper tillsignifikant högre grad än AKD. ASA-papperen visade dock något lägre motstånd mot vatten.Detta var hänvisat till bildning av hydrolyserade ASA-produkter. De uppnådda resultatenbekräftar den föreslagna hydrofoberingsmekanismen för ASA, där hydrolyserat ASA spelaren avgörande roll. Hydrofoberingsgraden av papper lagrade inlindade i aluminiumfolie vid23 °C och 50 RH var nästan oändrad över den förlängda lagringstiden. Som motsatsgenomgick papperen som exponerats mot omgivande atmosfärsförhållanden genomgick enminskning av hydrofoberingsgraden, troligen på grund av hydrolys och migrering. Minskningav hydrofoberingsgraden var större för icke-fyllda papper av AKD än av ASA. PCC:skatalytiska effekt bidrog till hydrolys av AKD i PCC-fyllda papper.Som förväntat reducerade användning av hydrofoberingsmedel reducerade ytenergin avpapper. Ju högre hydrofoberingsgrad desto lägre var ytenergin och därmed desto högremotstånd mot vätning. Detta sågs särskilt i kontaktvinklar med etylenglykol som har lägreytspänning än vatten.AKD minskade signifikant friktionen mellan icke-fyllda papper, medan ASA inte hadeinverkan. Denna skillnad hänfördes till skillnad i ytsammansättning. Minskning av friktion förAKD-hydrofoberade papperen påbörjades vid en sådan yttäckning av AKD som är normaltför papper tillverkat för låg vattenabsorption. Som förväntat ökade PCC-fyllmedel friktionenmellan papperen.
QC 20100817
2

Stiernstedt, Johanna. "Interactions of cellulose and model surfaces." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-619.

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3

Freitas, Alexandre Mussumeci. "Role of acid-base interactions in colloid adhesion and stability of aqueous thin films /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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4

Feldötö, Zsombor. "Structures of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers and Preasorbed Mucin : The Influence of Counterions." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Yt- och korrosionsvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-13182.

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The focus in this thesis has been to gain a fundamental understanding of how different type of salts affect preadsorbed polyelectrolytes, both natural and synthetic. The knowledge from the fundamental work is then applied on a commercial system to investigate if the efficiency can be enhanced. We built thin films using the synthetic polyelctrolytes by using layer-by layer (LbL) deposition. The formed film is commonly known as a polyelectrolyte multilayer. The LbL method allows the incorporation of proteins, polymers, polyelectrolytes with different functions and so on within the film, thus achieving multilayers with different functions. The major measuring technique used within this thesis is the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), which measures mass adsorbed on a surface including the trapped solvent and the viscoelastic properties of an adsorbed film. The QCM-D measurements were complemented with an optical technique, dual polarization interferometry (DPI), which measures the change in refractive index and thickness. From these parameters the dry mass and relative water content of the film can be calculated. The Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) further gave information about forces acting between preadsorbed films. We investigated the effect of salt on synthetic polyelectrolyte poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) built with the LbL technique, thus forming polyelectrolyte multilayers. We concluded that the multilayer build-up was linear and that the internal structure of the multilayer is of a compact and rigid nature. However, the type of rinsing protocol (termination of adsorption by: salt, water and salt first followed by water) has a significant effect on the outer layer of the formed multilayer. Interestingly, the structural changes only applied when poly(allylamine hydrochloride) was at the outermost layer and the most significant when water was used. We suggest that it is only the top layer that swells due to the removal of counterions resulting in increased intrachain repulsion. We further performed two-layer model calculations with the Voight model to confirm the QCM-D results as well as a novel two layer model simulation for the DPI data in order to resolve the thickness. The model calculations were in good agreement with each other thus we concluded that only the outer layer swells for this particular multilayer system. In a related experiment we studied the adsorption of bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM), which has an important mucousal function, to different thiol modified gold surfaces as well as the effect of electrolytes (NaCl, CaCl2, LaCl3) on preadsorbed mucin to a hydrophobic thiol-modified Au surface. The salt induced an expansion at low concentrations; higher concentrations resulted in a compaction. Increasing the valence of the counter ion resultedin a compaction at low concentrations. The structural change of preadsorbed BSM was reversible for NaCl, partially reversible for CaCl2 and irreversible for LaCl3. Interestingly, the swelling of BSM could not be fully understood by using the QCM-D and thus AFM force curves of the same system were taken and the results showed that NaCl does decrease the tail length due to the effective screening of charged sites within the BSM molecule. Increasing the valence resulted in a notable compaction already at very low concentrations suggesting that the ions bind to the anionic sites on BSM. In the last work we attempted to combine the gained knowledge from the previous studies by using the LbL-buildup on an actual commercial health care application. The above-mentioned mutlilayer were used to coat polystyrene wells in order to increase the binding of immunoglobulin (IgG). The main goal was to increase the sensitivity of the conventional enzymelinked immunosorbent spot assay (ELISpot) and subsequently the modified polystyrene wells were used with the ELISpot test with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to measure the cytokine response. We suggested that the main driving force for adsorption for IgG on a PAH terminated multilayer is electrostatic attraction, whereas on PSS terminated multilayer the driving force is hydrophobic. Further, we suggested that IgG  does not overcharge the surface and the linearity of the multilayer build-up is not altered when IgG is incorporated within the multilayer structure. We concluded that the cytokine response (spots) on the built multilayers regardless thickness or adsorbed IgG is significantly less than the regular polyvinyldiene fluoride (PVDF) backed ELISpot wells. We suggested that due to the compact and rigid nature of the PAH/PSS multilayer structure it is unable to form the kind of three-dimensional antibody-binding support found in the PVDF membrane. PSS terminated PAH/PSS multilayer did not induce any cytokine response whereas PAH terminated did, which suggests that PSS totally covers the surface from the cells point of view.
QC20100705
5

Lundberg, Pontus. "Designing Polymers for Biological Interfaces - From Antifouling to Drug Delivery." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Ytbehandlingsteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-26413.

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Unspecific interactions, at the interface between a synthetic material and an aqueous biological environment, leading to irreversible protein adsorption can cause to undesired consequences. These include fouling of a boat hull or a triggered immune response. Thus, stealthy materials are a topic that has generated a great deal of interest in the scientific community. This work deals with the design of networks, nanoparticles, and surfaces containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), known for its resistance to protein adsorption and non-toxic nature. Initially, PEG-based networks, hydrogels, were synthesized using photoinduced thiol-ene chemistry in order to afford coatings targeted for marine antifouling applications. By varying the length of the PEG chain, curing chemistry, cross-linker as well as hydrolytical stability, a library of hydrogel coatings was produced. The coatings were subsequently characterized with respect to curing efficiency, thermal and mechanical properties, and aqueous stability. Furthermore, the antifouling properties of coatings were evaluated using in vitro tests with proteins, marine bacteria, and diatoms. As a final test the coatings were evaluated in a four month field test. It was found that coatings comprising longer PEG chains displayed enhanced antifouling performance, compared to shorter PEGs. In addition, the choice of cross-linker, curing chemistry, and hydrolytical stability also affected the properties to a great extent. This thesis further deals with the design of amphiphilic linear dendritic hybrids, with PEG as the hydrophilic block. Using non-toxic 2,2-bis(methylol) propionic acid (bis-MPA) based dendrons, bearing click functional cores (alkyne or allyl) and peripheral hydroxyl groups, as macrointitiators for ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone, a library of star branched materials was afforded. As a final step, click functional (azide or thiol) PEGs were attached using copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) or thiol-ene click chemistry. The size of the dendrons was varied from generation 0-4, along with variation of both poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) length and PEG length. The materials were designed in order to allow a study of the impact of the dendron generation. Finally, the hybrid materials were used for the preparation of micelles, as well as for the formation of honeycomb membranes. The micelles critical micelle concentration, size and drug loading capacity were shown to be highly dependent on the generation of the dendron. The generation of the dendron also had a profound effect on the ability of the hybrid materials to form ordered honeycomb membranes, and hybrid materials of the 3rd generation yielded the most highly ordered membranes.
Ickespecifika interaktioner vid gränsytan, mellan ett syntetiskt material och en vattenbaserad biologisk miljö, kan leda till irreversibel adsorption av proteiner. Detta kan i sin tur leda till oönskade följdeffekter, såsom beväxning på båtskrov eller trigga en immunologisk reaktion. För att motverka dessa effekter har forskare utvecklat så kallade smygmaterial. Denna avhandling behandlar design av nätverk, nanopartiklar och ytor innehållande poly(etylenglykol) (PEG), som är känt för sina smygegenskaper och för att vara icke-toxiskt. Initialt behandlar avhandlingen PEG-baserade nätverk, hydrogeler, syntetiserade med fotoinitierad tiol-enekemi, för användning som beväxningsavvisande beläggningar för marina applikationer. Genom att variera olika parametrar, såsom längden på PEG-kedjan, härdningskemin, tvärbindaren samt den hydrolytiska stabiliteten, byggdes ett bibliotek av hydrogelbeläggningar upp. Hydrogelbeläggningarna karaktäriserades sedan med avseende på härdningseffektivitet, termiska och mekaniska egenskaper, samt hydrolytisk stabilitet. Vidare studerades beläggningarnas avvisande förmåga mot proteiner, bakterier samt kiselalger. Slutligen studerades ytbeläggningarna i ett fyra månader långt fälttest. Av testerna framgick att längre PEG-kedjor gav beläggningar med bättre avvisande förmåga. Dessutom framgick att valet av tvärbindare, härdningskemi samt hydrolytisk stabilitet var av betydelse för beläggningarnas effektivitet. Denna avhandling behandlar vidare design av amfifila linjära dendritiska hybridmaterial, med PEG som den hydrofila delen. Genom att använda icke-toxiska 2,2-bis(metylol)propionsyrabaserade dendroner, med en klickfunktionalitet i kärnan (alkyne eller allyl) och perifera hydroxylgrupper, som makroinitiatorer för ringöppningspolymerisation av ε-kaprolakton byggdes ett bibliotek av material upp. För att göra materialen amfifila, kopplades klickfunktionella PEG-kedjor (azid eller tiol) till kärnan med koppar(I)-katalyserad azid-alkyn cykloadditionskemi alternativt tiol-enekemi. Storleken på dendronerna varierades från generation 0-4, dessutom varierades längden på både poly(ε-kaprolakton)- och PEG-kedjorna. Materialen designades så att inverkan av dendrongenerationen kunde studeras. Slutligen användes dessa hybridmaterial för att framställa miceller samt isoporösa filmer. Micellernas kritiska micellbildningskoncentration, storlek samt förmåga att laddas med läkemedel visade sig vara mycket beroende av dendrongenerationen. Dendrongenerationen visade sig vidare även ha stor inverkan i hybridmaterialens förmåga att självorganisera sig till en isoporös struktur och material av tredje generationen gav de mest välordnade filmerna.
QC 20101125
6

Öhman, Maria. "Development of ATR-FTIR Kretschmann Spectroscopy for In situ Studies of Metal / Polymer Interfaces : and its Intergration with EIS for Exposure to Corrosive Conditions." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Korrosionslära, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-26996.

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The environmental stability of a metal / polymer interface is essential for the durability and mechanical stability of constructions in several important areas such as the automotive, offshore, building and aerospace industries. The protective capability of a polymer film is strongly connected to its barrier properties, but the transport of water and corrosive constituents through the polymer and the subsequent processes at the metal surface are complicated to analyse in detail. The surface to be analysed is confined between two media that are impermeable to most probing particles used in conventional analytical techniques. Several methods exist to describe separate parts of the system, but few techniques work atambient pressure and have the capacity to conduct real-time analysis at relevant exposure conditions. In this work, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) in the Kretschmann geometry was successfully employed for systematic studies of metal / polymer interfaces. This technique requires the use of thin metal films deposited on an internal reflection element (IRE). Most studies were performed on aluminium, which is an important structural light-weight material, but also zinc was analysed, being frequently used for corrosion protection of steel. Upon exposure to water and electrolytes, the ATR-FTIR Kretschmann technique was found capable to monitor and to separate early deterioration related processes at the aluminium / polymer interface, including water sorption and transport of ionic species through the polymer film. Other main processes identified were the formation of corrosion products and swelling of the surface-near polymer network. To perform more comprehensive interpretations, a spectro-electrochemical method was further developed for in situ studies of the hidden metal / polymer interfaces. The ATR-FTIR Kretschmann technique was here combined with the complementary acting technique, Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The integrated set-up was able to provide complementary information, with ATR-FTIR Kretschmann being sensitive to the surface-near region and EIS to the whole system. For instance, metal oxidation and delamination processes can be difficult to distinguish by EIS, while on the other hand oxidation and hydration reactions on aluminiumcan be confirmed as IR bands at distinct positions. Delamination and swelling of a polymer both result in negative bands in an IR spectrum, but these processes may be distinguished by EIS as alterations in different frequency regions. While traditional chemical pre-treatments for enhanced hydrolytic stability perform excellent, they are being phased out from industrial applications due to environmental concerns and work health issues. Today there is an intense ongoing research regarding the mechanisms and performance of environmentally friendly pretreatments to develop systems of similar performance, and the analysis of the confined metal / polymer interface is crucial for this development. The capability of the integrated in situ ATR-FTIR Kretschmann and EIS set-up was therefore further applied to systems where a surface pre-treatment had been applied to the metal prior to the organic coating. Studies were first performed on vacuum-evaporated films of zinc treated with a titanium-based conversion coating and further coated with a UV-curing polymer. Alterations of the conversion layer could be detected upon exposure to the electrolyte. Also alkaline-cleaned aluminium coated with an amino-functional silane film and a thermo-curing epoxy top-coat was thoroughlycharacterized by both ATR-FTIR and IRRAS and further investigated upon exposure toelectrolyte and humid air. Changes at the hidden interface were detected upon thermal curingof the epoxy film and during exposure in electrolyte, and the in situ ATR-FTIR Kretschm annanalysis showed a high sensitivity towards alterations in the interfacial region. Complementary studies in the absence of metal could confirm a water uptake within the silane film and water-induced alterations of the siloxane network.
QC 20101222
7

Alexander, Shovsky. "Polyelectrolyte complexes of bottle brush copolymers : Solution and adsorption properties." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Yt- och korrosionsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33666.

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The aim of this thesis work was to systematically investigate the physico-chemical properties of polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) formed by bottle brush and linear polyelectrolytes in solution and at solid / liquid interfaces. Electrostatic self-assembly of oppositely charged macromolecules in aqueous solution is a versatile strategy to construction of functional nanostructures with easily controlled properties. Bottle brush architecture, introduced into the PEC, generates a number of distinctive properties of the complexes, related to a broad range of application, such as colloidal stability and protein repellency to name a few. To utilize these materials in a wide range of applications e.g. drug delivery, the understanding of the effects of polymer architecture and solution parameters on the properties of bottle brush PECs is of paramount importance. This thesis constitutes a systematic investigation of PECs formed by a series of cationic bottle-brush polyelectrolytes and a series of anionic linear polyelectrolytes in aqueous solution. The focus of the first part of the thesis was primarily on formation and characterization of PECs in solution, whereas the adsorption properties and adsorption kinetics of bottle-brush polyelectrolytes and their complexes was investigated in the second part of the thesis work. In particular, effects of the side-chain density of the bottlebrush polyelectrolyte, concentration, mixing ratio and molecular weigh of the linearpolyelectrolyte on formation, solution properties, stability and adsorption of PECs were addressed. The pronounced effect of the side-chain density of the bottle-brush polyelectrolyte on the properties of stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric PECs was demonstrated. Formation of PECs by bottle-brush copolymers with high density of side-chains results in small, watersoluble, molecular complexes having nonspherical shape, independent of concentration. Whereas formation of PEC-aggregates was revealed by bottle-brush polyelectrolytes with low side chain density, the level of aggregation in these complexes is controlled by polyelectrolyte concentration. The structure of the PECs formed with low molecular weight polyanions is consistent with the picture that several small linear polyelectrolyte molecules associate with the large bottle-brush. In contrast, when complexation occurs between polyanions of high molecular weigh and the bottle-brush polymers considerably larger PECs are formed, consistent with several bottle-brush polymers associating with one high molecular weight polyanion.
QC 20110516
8

Theander, Katarina. "Studies of surfactant behaviour and model surfaces relevant to flotation deinking." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Stockholm : Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH ; Ytkemiska institutet (YKI), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-602.

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9

Davis, Christina Clarkson. "Aqueous Silica in the Environment: Effects on Iron Hydroxide Surface Chemistry and Implications for Natural and Engineered Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33948.

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Aqueous silica is present in all natural waters and exhibits a high affinity for the surfaces of iron oxides. Therefore, it is expected to play an important role in environmental systems. Experiments were conducted to investigate the fundamentals of silica sorption onto pre-formed ferric hydroxide at pH 5.0-9.5 and silica concentrations of 0-200 mg/L as SiO2. Over the entire pH range studied, sorption densities exceeding monolayer sorption were observed at silica levels typical of natural waters. Under some circumstances, sorption exceeded a monolayer while the particle zeta potential remained positive, a phenomenon which is inconsistent with available models. To address this deficiency, an extended surface complexation model was formulated in which soluble dimeric silica sorbs directly to iron surface sites. This model fits sorption density data up to 0.40 mol SiO2/mol Fe, and it accurately predicts trends in zeta potential and the observed H+ release during silica sorption to ferric hydroxide at pH 5.0 and 6.0.

A second phase of research was aimed at identifying the practical implications of silica sorption to iron hydroxide in natural and engineered systems. Two types of surfaces were prepared by exposing pre-formed Fe(OH)3 to aqueous silica (0-200 mg/L as SiO2) for periods of 1.5 hours or 50 days. The concentration of pre-formed iron passing through a 0.45 micron pore size filter at pH 6.0-9.5 increased as the solids aged in the presence of silica. Consistent with formation of small, stable colloids, "soluble" iron concentrations exceeded 0.2 mg/L only at zeta potentials < -15 mV. When arsenate was added to iron hydroxide particles equilibrated with silica for 1.5 hours, percentage arsenate removals were high. In contrast, arsenate removals decreased markedly as pH and silica concentrations increased if silica was pre-equilibrated with the iron for 50 days. Trends in percentage removal of humic substances were similar. Competition for sorption sites was the main cause of hindered anionic contaminant removal. However, interference with hydrolysis and precipitation are expected to be important under some circumstances, particularly during water treatment.
Master of Science

10

Rentzhog, Maria. "Water-based Flexographic Printing on Polymer-coated Board." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Chemical Science Engineering, KTH, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-603.

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Книги з теми "Colloid and Surface Chemistry":

1

D, Shchukin E., ed. Colloid and surface chemistry. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2001.

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2

Somasundaran, P. Surface and colloid chemistry. Lexington, KY]: [CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform], 2014.

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3

Pashley, Richard M., and Marilyn E. Karaman. Applied Colloid and Surface Chemistry. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470014709.

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4

Egon, Matijević, ed. Surface and colloid science. New York: Plenum Press, 1993.

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5

Shaw, Duncan J. Introduction to colloid and surface chemistry. 4th ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992.

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6

1934-, Birdi K. S., ed. Handbook of surface and colloid chemistry. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2008.

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7

International Conference on Surface and Colloid Science (11th 2003 Iguassu Falls, Brazil). Surface and colloid science. Edited by Galembeck Fernando. Berlin: Springer, 2004.

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8

1934-, Birdi K. S., ed. Handbook of surface and colloid chemistry. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1997.

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9

Williams, Richard. Introduction to colloid and surface chemistry. 5th ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007.

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10

Hiemenz, Paul C. Principles of colloid and surface chemistry. 3rd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1997.

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Частини книг з теми "Colloid and Surface Chemistry":

1

Abe, Masahiko. "Basics of Surface Chemistry." In Measurement Techniques and Practices of Colloid and Interface Phenomena, 1–11. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5931-6_1.

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2

Fukushima, Shoji, and Michihiro Yamaguchi. "Physical Chemistry of Cetyl Alcohol: Occurrence and Function of Liquid Crystals in O/W Creams." In Surface and Colloid Science, 1–98. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1223-3_1.

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3

Laidler, Keith J. "Colloid and surface chemistry." In The World of Physical Chemistry, 290–312. Oxford University PressOxford, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198555971.003.0011.

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Abstract By the beginning of the nineteenth century chemists had become aware that substances ordinarily considered insoluble, such as gold and sulphur, could sometimes exist in apparently homogeneous solution. The expression ‘pseudo solutions’ came to be applied to such systems, which often had to be prepared in an indirect manner, and which were obviously of a different character from solutions of substances like salt and sugar. Much clarification of the problem was given by the Scottish chemist and physicist Thomas Graham(1805–1869), who is regarded as the founder of the science of colloid chemistry. In 1829 Graham became professor of chemistry at the Anderson an College in Glasgow. There he carried out important work on the phosphates and arsenates, and also began to study gaseous diffusion.
4

Adair, J. H., E. Suvaci, and J. Sindel. "Surface and Colloid Chemistry." In Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, 1–10. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-043152-6/01622-3.

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5

Biermann, Christopher J. "Colloid and Surface Chemistry." In Handbook of Pulping and Papermaking, 421–37. Elsevier, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012097362-0/50025-x.

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6

"Colloid and Surface Chemistry:." In Principles of Colloid and Surface Chemistry, 1–61. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315274287-2.

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7

Bajpai, Pratima. "Colloid and Surface Chemistry." In Biermann's Handbook of Pulp and Paper, 381–400. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-814238-7.00019-2.

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8

"Surface and Colloid Chemistry." In Handbook of Surface and Colloid Chemistry, 15–58. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420007206-5.

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9

Birdi, K. "Surface and Colloid Chemistry." In Handbook of Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Third Edition, 1–43. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420007206.ch1.

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10

"Surface Chemistry." In Encyclopedia of Surface and Colloid Science, 2004 Update Supplement, 663–76. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482299625-39.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Colloid and Surface Chemistry":

1

Lindström, Tom. "Some Fundamental Chemical Aspects on Paper Forming." In Fundamentals of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker and V. Punton. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1989.1.311.

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The fundamental physico-chemical aspects of retention chemistry are reviewed in the light of basic concepts in colloid chemistry. Special emphasis has been paid to the surface chemistry of cellulose and cellulosic materials, their origin of charge, dispersion force interactions as well as the implication of certain aspects of peculiar cellulosic surfaces, e.g. the influence of their porosity on polymer adsorption. Charge neutralization, patch flocculation, heterocoagulation, bridging and complex flocculation phenomena are discussed as well as polymer adsorption phenomena at the cellulose/water interface
2

Cumbo, M. J., D. Fairhurst, S. D. Jacobs, and B. E. Puchebner. "The Effect of Chemically Modulated Surface Charge in the Polishing of Optical Glass." In Optical Fabrication and Testing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oft.1994.otuc5.

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The role of surface charge effects is a subject of increasing interest in optical finishing [1 - 3]. This represents an intersection of the empirically driven world of the optician with the more fundamentally oriented field of colloid science. In this paper, we examine the effect of slurry fluid chemistry on the performance of a planar continuous glass polishing process using the electrokinetic methods of colloid science to characterize the properties of optical glass and polishing agents. The goal is to understand any consequences of the chemically modulated development of electric charge on the surfaces of metal-oxide polishing agents and glass surfaces during aqueous polishing. Our discussion here is confined to experimental work using nine combinations of commercially important silicate optical glass types (Schott BK7 borosilicate crown and SF6 dense flint and Corning 7940 fused silica) and metal-oxide polishing agents (CeO2 [4], monoclinic ZrO2 and nanocrystalline AI2O3 [5]). A more extensive study of the polishing process is the subject of the first author’s doctoral dissertation [6].
3

Infante, Ivan. "The Surface Chemistry of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals." In International Conference on Emerging Light Emitting Materials 2023. València: FUNDACIO DE LA COMUNITAT VALENCIANA SCITO, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.emlem.2023.017.

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4

Bodnarchuk, Maryna, Simon Boehme, Caterina Bernasconi, Maksym Kovalenko, and Ivan Infante. "Surface Chemistry of Colloidal Cesium Lead Halides Nanocrystals." In nanoGe Fall Meeting 2019. València: Fundació Scito, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.ngfm.2019.111.

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5

Bodnarchuk, Maryna, Simon Boehme, Caterina Bernasconi, Maksym Kovalenko, and Ivan Infante. "Surface Chemistry of Colloidal Cesium Lead Halides Nanocrystals." In nanoGe Fall Meeting 2019. València: Fundació Scito, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2019.111.

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6

Le Guevel, Xavier, Benjamin Musnier, Karl D. Wegner, Maxime Henry, Agnes Desroches-Castan, Ute Resch-Genger, Sabine Bailly, Yves Usson, Véronique Josserand, and Jean-Luc Coll. "Surface chemistry-mediated metal nanoclusters for in vivo shortwave infrared imaging." In Colloidal Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications XVI, edited by Marek Osiński and Antonios G. Kanaras. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2577451.

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7

De Roo, Jonathan. "The Surface Chemistry of Colloidal Nanocrystals; Insights from NMR." In Internet NanoGe Conference on Nanocrystals. València: Fundació Scito, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.incnc.2021.005.

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8

Manna, Liberato. "The Surface Chemistry of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskites Nanocrystals." In 1st Interfaces in Organic and Hybrid Thin-Film Optoelectronics. València: Fundació Scito, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.inform.2019.015.

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9

Singh, Shalini, Renu Tomar, Stephanie ten Brinck, Jonathan De Roo, Pieter Geiregat, José C. Martins, Ivan Infante, and Zeger Hens. "The Surface Chemistry of Colloidal II-VI Two-Dimensional Nanoplatelets." In nanoGe Fall Meeting 2018. València: Fundació Scito, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.fallmeeting.2018.070.

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10

Singh, Shalini, Renu Tomar, Stephanie ten Brinck, Jonathan De Roo, Pieter Geiregat, José C. Martins, Ivan Infante, and Zeger Hens. "The Surface Chemistry of Colloidal II-VI Two-Dimensional Nanoplatelets." In nanoGe Fall Meeting 2018. València: Fundació Scito, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2018.070.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Colloid and Surface Chemistry":

1

Powers, Susan E. Characterization of Changes in Colloid and DNAPL Affecting Surface Chemistry and Remediation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/839338.

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2

Powers, Susan E., Stefan J. Grimberg, and Miles Denham. DOE-EMSP Final Report: Characterization of Changes in Colloid and DNAPL Affecting Surface Chemistry and Remediation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/899135.

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3

Olson, T. M. Surface chemistry investigation of colloid transport in packed beds. Final report, August 1, 1989--July 31, 1996. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/656472.

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4

Fedin, Igor. Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Surface Chemistry, Photonics, and Electronics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1599021.

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5

Fedin, Igor. Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Surface Chemistry, Photonics, and Electronics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1601369.

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6

Chefetz, Benny, Baoshan Xing, and Yona Chen. Interactions of engineered nanoparticles with dissolved organic matter (DOM) and organic contaminants in water. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699863.bard.

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Background: Engineered carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are expected to be increasingly released into the environment with the rapid increase in their production and use. The discharged CNTs may interact with coexisting contaminants and subsequently change environmental behaviors and ecological effects of both the CNTs themselves and the contaminants. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a critical role in the transport of CNTs in the aquatic environment, affecting both CNT's surface properties through adsorption, and its colloidal stability in solution. Therefore, CNT-bound DOM complexes may interact with coexisting contaminants, thus affecting their environmental fate. With increasing production and use of CNTs, there is an increasing risk that humans could be exposed to CNTs mainly through ingestion and inhalation. Since CNTs can be carriers of contaminants due to their high adsorption affinity and capacity, the distribution of these nanoparticles in the environment holds a potential environmental and health risk. Project objectives: The overall goal of this project was to gain a better understanding of the environmental behavior of engineered nanoparticles with DOM and organic pollutant in aqueous systems. The scope of this study includes: characterizing various types of engineered nanoparticles and their interaction with DOM; binding studies of organic contaminants by nanoparticles and DOM-nanoparticle complexes; and examining interactions in DOM-nanoparticles-contaminant systems. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: DOM has a pronounced effect on colloidal stability of CNTs in solution and on their surface chemistry and reactivity toward associated contaminants. The structure and chemical makeup of both CNTs and DOM determine their interactions and nature of formed complexes. CNTs, contaminants and DOM can co-occur in the aquatic environment. The occurrence of co-contaminants, as well as of co-introduction of DOM, was found to suppress the adsorption of organic contaminants to CNTs through both competition over adsorption sites and direct interactions in solution. Furthermore, the release of residual contaminants from CNTs could be enhanced by biomolecules found in the digestive as well as the respiratory tracts, thus increasing the bioaccessibility of adsorbed contaminants and possibly the overall toxicity of contaminant-associated CNTs. Contaminant desorption could be promoted by both solubilization and sorptive competition by biological surfactants. Scientific and agricultural implications: The information gained in the current project may assist in predicting the transport and fate of both CNTs and associated contaminants in the natural environment. Furthermore, the results imply a serious health risk from contaminant-associated CNTs.
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Waltenburg, Hanne N., John T. Yates, and Jr. Surface Chemistry of Silicon. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada288893.

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Wei, Jian, V. S. Smentkowski, Jr Yates, and J. T. Selected Bibliography II-Diamond Surface Chemistry. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada273518.

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Duncan, Michael A. Architecture and Surface Chemistry of Compound Nanoclusters. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada567134.

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Carroll, S. A., W. L. Bourcier, and B. L. Phillips. Surface chemistry and durability of borosilicate glass. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10124135.

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