Готові списки джерел за темами / Cognition in animals

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Cognition in animals"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 3 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Cognition in animals":

Nicol, C. J. "Farm animal cognition." Animal Science 62, no. 3 (June 1996): 375–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800014934.

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AbstractAlthough there may be task-specific differences in performance between wild and domestic animals, there is no evidence for any generally reduced cognitive capacity in domestic animals. It is not possible to compare intelligence between species or breeds without recognizing the contribution of differences in attention and motivation, and domestic animals often perform better on learning tasks than wild animals because they are less fearful. Considerable flexibility and complexity in behaviour can arise from context-specific decisions that may not require learning. Examples include alarm calling and maternal behaviour in chickens. However, the majority of intelligent behaviour shown by farm animals is dominated by learned associations, sometimes in response to remarkably subtle cues. Seemingly straightforward learning abilities may result in surprising emergent properties. An understanding of these properties may enable us to investigate how farm animals interact socially, and whether they form concepts. Other abilities, such as imitation and the re-organization of spatial information, do not appear to depend on associative learning. The study offarm animal cognition tells us little about the issue of animal consciousness but, none the less, plays an important role in the animal welfare debate. The types of cognitive abilities animals have provide clues as to the types of situations in which (given the benefit of the doubt) they might suffer.

Pennisi, E. "ANIMAL COGNITION: Social Animals Prove Their Smarts." Science 312, no. 5781 (June 23, 2006): 1734–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.312.5781.1734.

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Croney, C. C., B. Gardner, and S. Baggot. "Beyond Animal Husbandry." Essays in Philosophy 5, no. 2 (2004): 391–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eip20045213.

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Concerns about the welfare of agricultural animals in corporate or “factory farming” systems are growing. Increasingly, it is suggested that modem farm animal production practices are morally objectionable, causing physical and mental suffering to animals. Such criticisms are premised on beliefs about the mental capacities of farm animals that are not wholly supported by scientific evidence, for little is known about farm animal cognition. Some animal scientists, realizing that concerns about the treatment of agricultural animals cannot be addressed in absence of knowledge about farm animal mentality, have begun cognitive studies of farm animals. Subsequently, several ethical problems have emerged. In this paper it is argued that while farm animal cognition studies are needed, scientists must consider the moral problems and implications of the research, and must devise empirically testable hypotheses about those aspects of cognitive behavior that are relevant to discussions about moral treatment of farm animals.

Boissy, A., C. Arnould, E. Chaillou, L. Désiré, C. Duvaux-Ponter, L. Greiveldinger, C. Leterrier, et al. "Emotions and cognition: a new approach to animal welfare." Animal Welfare 16, S1 (May 2007): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600031717.

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AbstractThe concept of quality of life in animals is closely associated with the concepts of animal sentience and animal welfare. It reflects a positive approach that inquires what animals like or prefer doing. The assessment of farm animal welfare requires a good understanding of the animals' affective experience, including their emotions. However, affective experience in animals is difficult to measure because of the absence of verbal communication. Recent studies in the field of cognitive psychology have shown that affective experience can be investigated without using verbal communication by examination of the interactions between emotions and cognition. On the one hand, appraisal theories provide a conceptual framework which suggests that emotions in humans are triggered by a cognitive process whereby the situation is evaluated on a limited number of elementary criteria such as familiarity and predictability. We have applied these appraisal theories to develop an experimental approach for studying the elementary criteria used by farm animals to evaluate their environment and the combinations of those criteria that trigger emotions. On the other hand, an increasing body of research, first in humans and then in other animals, suggests that emotions also influence cognitive processes by modifying attention, memory and judgement in a short- or long-term manner. Cognitive processes could therefore be manipulated and measured to provide new insights into how not only emotions but also more persistent affective states can be assessed in animals. Further work based on these cognitive approaches will offer new paradigms for improving our understanding of animal welfare, thus contributing to ‘a life of high quality’ in animals.

Raby, C. R., and N. S. Clayton. "Prospective cognition in animals." Behavioural Processes 80, no. 3 (March 2009): 314–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2008.12.005.

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Kirkwood, J. K., and R. Hubrecht. "Animal Consciousness, Cognition and Welfare." Animal Welfare 10, S1 (February 2001): S5—S17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600023472.

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AbstractThe level of priority and resource given to the care of organisms is influenced by beliefs and understanding about their capacities for conscious awareness. Variation in attitudes to animal welfare around the world today is partly a reflection of this. Improved understanding of the range of phenomena of which animals may be conscious is likely to lead to greater global consensus about the importance of high standards of animal welfare. This is a matter of current relevance. In the global free market there is a danger that efforts in one country to raise standards for farm or laboratory animals will be compromised by competition from others which employ cheaper, less welfare-friendly systems. Scientific developments which inform us about animals’ capacities for pleasant and unpleasant feelings will play an important role in the development of global agreement about animal welfare standards. Deciding which animals might have the capacity for consciousness, and thus for suffering, and of what they might be conscious, are fundamental issues which set boundaries to the ranges of species to be given basic or special forms of welfare protection. In practice, such lines have to be drawn and it is crucial that they are drawn in the right place. This is a difficult but essential task and society looks to scientists for guidance on the matter. There have been many developments in recent years in scientific approaches to the study of consciousness in animals which are pertinent to this debate.

Smith, J. David, and David A. Washburn. "Uncertainty Monitoring and Metacognition by Animals." Current Directions in Psychological Science 14, no. 1 (February 2005): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00327.x.

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Humans have the capacity to feel consciously uncertain and to know when they do not know. These feelings and responses ground the research literature on uncertainty monitoring and metacognition (i.e., cognition about cognition). It is a natural and important question whether nonhuman animals share this sophisticated cognitive capacity. We summarize current research that confirms animals' capacity for uncertainty monitoring. This research includes perception and memory paradigms and monkey, dolphin, and human participants. It contains some of the strongest existing performance similarities between humans and other animals. There is a strong isomorphism between the uncertainty-monitoring capacities of humans and animals. Indeed, the results show that animals have functional features of or parallels to human metacognition and human conscious cognition.

Wasserman, Edward A. "Comparative Cognition: Toward a General Understanding of Cognition in Behavior." Psychological Science 4, no. 3 (May 1993): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00480.x.

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Human and nonhuman animals alike must adjust to complex and ever-changing circumstances if they are to survive and reproduce. Advanced neural mechanisms enable animals to remember the past, to act in the present, and to plan for the future. Exploring the species generality of cognitive processes in behavior is central to the field of comparative cognition. A comparative perspective may not only broaden but also deepen our understanding of cognition—both in human and in nonhuman animals.

TANAKA, MASAYUKI. "Comparative cognition in zoo animals." Japanese Journal of Animal Psychology 66, no. 1 (2016): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2502/janip.66.1.8.

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Burmeister, Sabrina S., and Yuxiang Liu. "Integrative Comparative Cognition: Can Neurobiology and Neurogenomics Inform Comparative Analyses of Cognitive Phenotype?" Integrative and Comparative Biology 60, no. 4 (August 19, 2020): 925–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa113.

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Synopsis A long-standing question in animal behavior is what are the patterns and processes that shape the evolution of cognition? One effective way to address this question is to study cognitive abilities in a broad spectrum of animals. While comparative psychologists have traditionally focused on a narrow range of organisms, today they may work with any number of species, from frogs to birds or bees. This broader range of study species has greatly enriched our understanding of the diversity of cognitive processes among animals. Yet, this diversity has highlighted the fundamental challenge of comparing cognitive processes across animals. An analysis of the neural and molecular mechanisms of cognition may be necessary to solve this problem. The goal of our symposium was to bring together speakers studying a range of species to gain a broadly integrative perspective on cognition while at the same time considering the potentially important role of neurobiology and genomics in addressing the difficult problem of comparing cognition across species. For example, work by MaBouDi et al. indicates that neural constraints on computing power may impact the cognitive processes underlying numerical discrimination in bees. A presentation by Lara LaDage demonstrated how neurobiology can be used to better understand cognition and its evolution in reptiles while Edwards et al. identify the cerebellum as potentially important in the performance of the complex process of nest building. We see that molecular approaches highlight the contributions of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus to cognitive phenotype across vertebrates while, at the same time, identifying the genes and cellular processes that may contribute to evolution of cognition. The potentially important role of neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity emerge clearly from such studies. Still unanswered is the question of whether molecular tools will contribute to our ability to discriminate convergent/parallel evolution from homology in the evolution of cognitive phenotype.

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Дисертації з теми "Cognition in animals":

Keller, Matthew R. "Effects of time constraints on social spatial memory." Click here for download, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1707435841&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Shaw, Rachael Caroline. "The social cognition of Eurasian Jays : gaining insight into cognitive evolution in Corvids." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607951.

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Welsh, Matthew Brian. "Of mice and men : the structure and bases of murine cognitive abilities." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw463.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 263-278. This research investigated the existence of individual differences in cognitive abilities in mice. Arguments have been put forward regarding the likely bases of such differences.

Cartmill, Erica A. "Gestural communication in orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii) : a cognitive approach /." St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/634.

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Mallavarapu, Suma. "Object permanence in orangutans, gorillas, and black-and-white ruffed lemurs." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29651.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Maple, Terry; Committee Member: Blanchard-Fields, Fredda; Committee Member: Hampton, Robert; Committee Member: Marr, Marcus; Committee Member: Stoinski, Tara. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

Pålsson, Erik. "Cognitive function studied in animal models of schizophrenia /." Göteborg : Dept. of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/775.

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Smith, Alicia Brooke. "Essences and Transformations in Objects, Animals, and Humans." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/213.

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Research as to how humans group natural kinds, such as animals, is essential to understanding categorization processes. However, it lacks conventional application and generalization to everyday life. Humans are social beings that encounter a wide array of individuals on a daily basis. In these situations, we are required to consider various properties that make up these people. As Keller (2005) suggests, the way we categorize is shaped by our theories about the world. Therefore, when we determine the rationale behind people’s social categorization processes, we are better able to understand people’s perceptions of their social environment. Moreover, when we conduct scientific research on how people categorize race, we gain substantial information about their perceptions and understanding of race. Thus, the goal of the present study was to determine how and to what extent people categorize race and if they use the principles of psychological essentialism to do so. In order to determine if people tend to essentialize race in a similar manner as other natural kinds, the third study of the Hampton, Estes, Simmons (2007) research was replicated. In Study 1 and Study 2, undergraduate participants were obtained from Western Kentucky University’s psychology study board. In Study 1, participants were presented with transformation stories in which an animal or person came to look and act like another animal or person as a result of either mutation or maturation. Approximately one-half of the participants received scenarios that included information about the exemplar’s offspring. Approximately one-half received scenarios that excluded this information. Additional transformation stories that described changes to artifacts and the body (i.e. weight and hair length) were added as filler items. Participants rated the artifact/animal/person’s typicality, category membership, and their level of confidence in their ratings. In addition, they provided justifications for their responses. In Study 2, transformations were described as being the result of unintended or intended changes. In Study 2, one-half of the scenarios included a statement that the animal or human’s offspring resembled the initial state, I. One-half of the scenarios included a statement that the animal or human’s offspring resembled the final state, F. Participants rated the artifact/animal/person’s typicality and category membership. They were also asked to provide justifications for their responses. This study provides further support for the belief of race as a natural kind given that subjects were more likely to essentialize race than animals. The study also suggests that people view race differently than other factors related to appearance (i.e. hair length and weight). In both studies, the majority of subjects were willing to state that a person changed if their hair or weight changed; however, they were unwilling to indicate a person could change their race. Furthermore, the justification data obtained in the study was one of the first studies to differentiate the reasoning used by those who did and did not essentialize animals and race.

Ruiz, April M. "Social information gathering in lemurs /." St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/908.

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Ruiz, April M. "Social information gathering in lemurs." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/908.

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By investigating the cognitive capacities of non-human primates, we can begin to understand the cognitive capacities of the evolutionary ancestors we share with these species. While there is a great deal of research exploring the socio-cognitive abilities of simian primates, prosimians have not been sufficiently studied. Without data from these species, our knowledge about the evolution of the primate mind is limited to the common ancestor shared between simian primates only, precluding understanding of the phylogenetic origins of certain phenomena. I explored the socio-cognitive capacities of lemurs, a type of prosimian primate. I studied several areas of social cognition related to social referencing, defined as the ability to use and seek out social information when appraising objects or events. As social referencing is a popular subject in both human developmental and non-human primate literature, I aimed to determine how prosimians’ capacities compare. My research was conducted with captive lemurs of three species: Eulemur fulvus fulvus, Eulemur macaco macaco, and Eulemur fulvus rufus. I found that lemurs use social cues regarding food palatability to modify their own feeding behaviour and that they visually attend to conspecifics differently when presented with novel, as compared to familiar, foods. Lemurs also visually referred to a human experimenter’s face when presented with an anomalous interaction and went on to engage in gaze alternation. Lemurs failed to use information about the experimenter’s attentional state, however, when modifying their use of a trained gesture. Finally, I found that lemurs are able to visually co-orient with conspecifics, correctly prioritising information from the head over that from the body, and that they go on to use conspecific gaze to locate hidden resources. These results show that lemurs are more cognitively advanced than previously thought and the origins of some social referencing skills may be phylogenetically older than previously hypothesised.

Krebber, André. "Raising the memory of nature : animals, nonidentity and enlightenment thought." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Humanities, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10590.

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Society’s current experience of nature is ambiguous. Just as nature proves severely affected by human activities and vulnerable, it also appears threatening to us. Although the changes in nature have been perceived for long as an ecological crisis, this experience and the challenges it provides have remained persistently exigent over the last four decades. As a consequence, our epistemological understanding of nature and culture as separate entities has been inherently shaken. My study is located among ecocritical attempts to negotiate these experiences. Immanent critiques of E. O. Wilson’s and Bruno Latour’s epistemologies exemplify how we cannot escape the dualism in society’s relationship to nature by simply declaring nature’s and culture’s unity. Relying on the social philosophy of Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno, I instead consider the dualism as historically both true and false, and argue that instrumental reason provides a socio-psychological barrier to transcending the way Western society relates to nature. Central to the situation’s perpetuation is the confidence that the object of knowledge can be adequately and steadily identified in knowledge. Based on Adorno’s negative dialectics, I develop a model of cognition that works through the dualism within the knowing subject and in its relation to animals. This model is substantiated in the context of Enlightenment thought. A reconstruction of the development of René Descartes’ (1596–1650) epistemology in relation to his philosophy of nature and the place of animals within it shows the animal as particularly resistant to Descartes’ conceptual identification. In the writings on animal behaviour of Hermann Samuel Reimarus (1694–1768) this resistance further manifests as a self-mediation of animals, which denotes the limits to their conceptual assimilation. Maria Sibylla Merian’s (1647–1717) aesthetically mediated insect studies capture this tension between species commonalities and unique particularities, and represent the single specimens as nonidentical individuals. Through critical engagement with these works, my study develops a cognitive approach to nature that preserves its object as qualitatively mediated between universal and particular properties, and inherently nonidentical. Simultaneously, it recovers the animal as an object of knowledge particularly resistant to identificatory thought. Consolidating these two insights, aesthetic mediation of animals provides an experience that reveals to the subject its limited power over the objects and which is capable of raising the memory of nature within the subject.

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Книги з теми "Cognition in animals":

1941-, Gallistel C. R., ed. Animal cognition. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1992.

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Wynne, Clive D. L. Animal cognition: The mental lives of animals. Basingstoke, Hampshire, England: Palgrave, 2001.

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Jahnke, John C. Cognition. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1998.

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Marc, Bekoff, Allen Colin, and Burghardt Gordon M. 1941-, eds. The cognitive animal: Empirical and theoretical perspectives on animal cognition. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2002.

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Tomasello, Michael. Primate cognition. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

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Flaherty, Charles F. Animal learning and cognition. New York: Knopf, 1985.

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Flaherty, Charles F. Animal learning and cognition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1985.

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1935-, Mackintosh N. J., ed. Animal learning and cognition. San Diego: Academic Press, 1994.

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Marc, Bekoff, and Jamieson Dale, eds. Readings in animal cognition. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1996.

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A, Roberts William. Principles of animal cognition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998.

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Частини книг з теми "Cognition in animals":

Chijiiwa, Hitomi. "Social Evaluation in Non-human Animals." In Comparative Cognition, 221–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2028-7_13.

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Takimoto-Inose, Ayaka. "Evolutionary Perspective on Prosocial Behaviors in Nonhuman Animals." In Comparative Cognition, 197–220. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2028-7_12.

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Massen, Jorg J. M. "Friendships in Animals." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1899-1.

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de Vere, Amber J. "Personality in Animals." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_984-1.

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Massen, Jorg J. M. "Friendships in Animals." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 2818–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_1899.

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de Vere, Amber J. "Personality in Animals." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 5176–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_984.

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Roberts, William A. "Mechanisms of “Counting” in Animals." In Animal Cognition and Sequential Behavior, 153–74. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0821-2_7.

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Kaplan, Gisela. "Meaningful Communication in Primates, Birds, and Other Animals." In Comparative Vertebrate Cognition, 189–223. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8913-0_6.

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Miyata, Hiromitsu. "Planning Abilities in Nonhuman Animals: In Search of the Evolutionary Origins of “Thought”." In Comparative Cognition, 235–54. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2028-7_14.

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Boesch, Christophe. "The Human Challenge in Understanding Animal Cognition." In Neuroethics and Nonhuman Animals, 33–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31011-0_3.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Cognition in animals":

Tobaben, Eric J., Larry D. Martin, and Kenneth J. Fischer. "Determining the Natural Head Posture for Extant Animal Species Using Line-of-Sight From the Eyesocket and Optical Foramen." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80828.

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Understanding natural head posture in animals is improtant in interpreting their biomechanics and behavior. For extinct animals, natural posture cannot be directly determined from the fossil record. There have been few prior studies of animal line of sight and head posture. Most line of sight studies have focused on the breadth of binocular vision versus panoramic vision in relation to behavior (predator type or grazer, for instance) or the animals typical environment (open or cluttered) [1]. For head posture some have studied changes in cognition or the environment or related aspects like the eyeball orientation as head posture changes [2]. Still others have focused on the areas of the brain that control 3D head position [3]. However, none of these studies address a method to determine the natural head posture or angle. While there currently is no definitive way to determine natural head angle in extinct animals, it seems reasonable to assume that the natural head posture would place the line of sight in the horizontal plane for most species. Therefore, we hypothesized that the opening for the optical (the optical foremen) and the eye socket structure itself can be used to accurately determine the natural head posture for a large portion of extant and extinct animal species. Specifically, if the skull is oriented such that the plane of sight (the plane common to both lines of sight) is horizontal, then the skull will be in the natural posture. If this hypothesis is shown to be valid, it will provide naturalists a reliable tool to determine the natural head posture (head angle) of extinct animals. The objective of this study was to test the above hypothesis on animals in the Felidae (cats).

Nakanishi, Deborah Ayumi Alves, Diego Armando Barbosa Aragão, and Claudio Eduardo Corrêa Teixeira. "Systematic review with meta-analysis on the use of antihyperglycemic agents as a preventive factor for cognitive losses in diabetic patients." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.711.

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Background: Blood glucose variations are generally associated with predisposition to the development of dementia in diabetes patients. And there is a controversy in the literature about whether the use of antihyperglycemic agents can(not) promote protective effects on cognition. Design and setting: we used a systematic review with meta-analysis to evaluate whether the evidence in the literature points to a protective or harmful effect of antihyperglycemic agents on cognition. Methods: PubMed, Science Direct and Scielo databases were used to collect articles in English, published between 2005 and 2020. Articles of reflection/opinion, monographs/theses/dissertations, and animal research were excluded. The blinding of authors during the searches contributed to search independence. Of 1,329 articles selected, 30 were adequate, but only 3 of these provided quantitative data from 53 cognitive tests, which were used for meta-analysis (random effect model), performed using R. Results: Funnel plot shows no publication bias. Forest plot, on the other hand, shows that literature points to the use of antihyperglycemic agents by patients as preventive of cognitive losses (standard mean difference equal to -0.18 [95% confidence interval between -0.29 and -0.06]). Conclusion: Evidence of the preventive effect of cognitive losses through the use of antihyperglycemic agents such as metformin should be further investigated, in order to better clarify this therapeutic potential.

Guimarães, Melissa. "DIFERENCIAÇÃO ENTRE ENVELHECIMENTO COGNITIVO CANINO FISIOLÓGICO E SÍNDROME DA DISFUNÇÃO COGNITIVA CANINA - REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA." In II Congresso On-line Nacional de Clínica Veterinária de Pequenos Animais. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/ii-clinvet/9049.

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Sagastuy-Brena, Javier, Imran Thobani, Aran Nayebi, Rosa Cao, and Dan Yamins. "Modelling inter-animal variability." In 2022 Conference on Cognitive Computational Neuroscience. San Francisco, California, USA: Cognitive Computational Neuroscience, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32470/ccn.2022.1289-0.

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Sajja, Sujith V., Matthew P. Galloway, Farhad Ghoddoussi, T. Dhananjeyan, Andrea Kespel, and Pamela VandeVord. "Possible Mechanism of Blast-Induced Neuronal Damage in Hippocampus May Explain Cognitive Deficits." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19545.

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Traumatic brain injury due to blast exposure is quickly becoming the most frequently seen injury in today’s battlefields. Alterations in cognitive function, such as attention, memory, language and problem solving skills appear to occur as a result of blast-induced TBI. Furthermore, behavioral symptoms such as mood changes, depression, anxiety, impulsiveness and emotional outbursts are associated with blast-induced TBI (Okie et al, 2005). Observed overlaps between symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and TBI confound the differential diagnosis. Thus, soldiers with blast-induced TBI may be substantially under-diagnosed after exposure to blast waves. Animal models of blast-induced TBI are underdeveloped and there is a vital need for blast exposure biomarkers to help effectively diagnosis blast-induced TBI. In this study, we have investigated the mechanisms that underlie cognitive impairment of blast-induced neurotrauma. We have studied the cascade of neurochemical changes within the hippocampus of blast-exposed animals using 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1HMRS). Furthermore, we examined changes in TBI protein markers using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results suggest that exposure to blast waves has a significant effect on the hippocampus.

Monteiro, João Vitor da Costa, Ana Silvia Sardinha Ribeiro, Joely Cavalcante dos Santos Magno, Karoline Petrini Pinheiro da Cruz, and Tauãn dos Santos de Matos. "ENRIQUECIMENTO AMBIENTAL COMO FORMA DE BEM-ESTAR PARA CERDOCYON THOUS EM REABILITAÇÃO." In I Congresso Brasileiro On-line de Ensino em Zoologia. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/3257.

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Introdução: Enriquecimento Ambiental pode ser definido como uma série de atividades fornecidas ao animal, com o objetivo de preservar seu bem-estar e estimular os comportamentos naturais de cada espécie, podendo também diminuir o estresse desses animais em cativeiro. São descritos cinco tipos de enriquecimentos ambientais, o físico, alimentar, cognitivo, social e sensorial. Objetivos: Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar o enriquecimento ambiental no recinto de manutenção de um cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous), que permaneceu por cinco meses cativo em processo de recuperação e reabilitação no Centro de Triagem e Reabilitação de Animais Silvestres (CETRAS), que fica localizado na Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia – UFRA, em Belém do Pará. Materiais e métodos: No período de quatro meses foram introduzidos os enriquecimentos físicos e alimentares, oferecidos em dias aleatórios, duas vezes na semana. Como enriquecimento físico, foi feita uma ambientação no recinto, adicionando troncos de árvores, para serem utilizados para escalar, cheirar e arranhar. Também foi adicionada uma bacia com água e uma caixa grande de madeira, colocada fora do cambiamento, para servir de abrigo. Como enriquecimento alimentar, a comida foi espalhada e escondida por todo recinto, em cima dos troncos de árvores, como uma forma de estimular a movimentação e exploração do recinto. Resultados: No período de pré- enriquecimento foi observado que o espécime permanecia por muito tempo sentado ou se escondendo dentro da área de cambiamento, sem explorar seu recinto. Após a implementação dos dois tipos de enriquecimentos ambientais, foi observado de maneira rápida e satisfatória a mudança de comportamento do animal, que ficou mais ativo e curioso, e passou a explorar o ambiente, subindo nos troncos de árvores e buscando ativamente os alimentos. Dentre as mudanças no comportamento, observamos a substituição da área de cambiamento como forma de abrigo pela caixa de madeira e foi notado algumas vezes o animal se refrescando na bacia com água. Conclusão: Conclui-se que os enriquecimentos tiveram um efeito positivo, promovendo como foi previsto, um maior bem-estar ao animal, diminuindo o estresse que o cativeiro provoca, estimulando-o a hábitos normais em vida livre, o tornando apto a voltar para a natureza.

Zapara, Tatyana, Alexander Romashchenko, Anna Proskura, Alexander Ratushnyak, and Svetlana Vechkapova. "Mechanisms and functions of neurogenesis in the limbic system of adult animals." In 2020 Cognitive Sciences, Genomics and Bioinformatics (CSGB). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csgb51356.2020.9214729.

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Abaid, Nicole, and Maurizio Porfiri. "Topological Analysis of Numerosity-Constrained Social Networks." In ASME 2010 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2010-4099.

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In this study, we present a class of directed graphs with bounded degree sequences, which embodies the physical phenomenon of numerosity found in the collective behavior of large animal groups. Behavioral experiments show that an animal’s perception of number is capped by a critical limit, above which an individual perceives a nonspecific “many”. This species-dependent limit plays a pivotal role in the decision making process of large groups, such as fish schools and bird flocks. Here, we consider directed graphs whose edges model information-sharing between individual vertices. We incorporate the numerosity phenomenon as a critical limit on the intake of information by bounding the degree sequence and include the variability of cognitive processes by using a random variable in the network construction. We analytically compute measures of the expected structure of this class of graphs based on cycles, clustering, and sorting among vertices. Theoretical results are verified with numerical simulation.

Braun, Jerome J., Marianne A. DeAngelus, Kate D. Fischl, Austin R. Hess, and Danelle C. Shah. "Building animats: neurobiomimetic approach for cognitive systems." In SPIE Sensing Technology + Applications, edited by Jerome J. Braun. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2054606.

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Siebra, Carolina Costa, and Maria Júlia De Sousa Silva. "SÍNDROME DA DISFUNÇÃO COGNITIVA CANINA: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA." In I Congresso On-line Nacional de Clínica Veterinária de Pequenos Animais. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1836.

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Introdução: Hoje os cães são vistos não só como animais de companhia, mas como membros da família, o que proporciona mais acesso a cuidados médicos e consequentemente uma vida prolongada. Com uma maior população de cães idosos, a decorrência da Síndrome da Disfunção Cognitiva (SDC) tem se tornado frequente. A SDC é uma doença neurodegenerativa que acomete cães senis, onde lesões cerebrais são manifestadas. Objetivos: Diante do crescente número de pacientes geriátricos na clínica veterinária, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura visando facilitar a compreensão da Síndrome da Disfunção Cognitiva, analisando sua patogenia, diagnóstico e tratamento. Material e métodos: Para isso, foi realizada busca de artigos acadêmicos recentes, utilizando as palavras-chave “disfunção”, “cognitiva”, “canina”, “alterações”, “comportamentais”, “cães”, “age-related”, “brain” e “canine” nas plataformas – SciELO e PubMED. Resultados: A SDC é comparada ao Alzheimer em humanos já que seus fatores patogênicos são semelhantes, os quais se referem a deposições de proteína β amilóide agrupadas em placas senis, e angiopatia amiloide cerebral. Os principais sinais nos cães são demência, desorientação e alterações comportamentais, como a mudança na interação social. Apesar do diagnóstico definitivo em cães ser obtido apenas no post-mortem, o diagnóstico presuntivo feito com testes neuropsicológicos deve ser realizado precocemente para que se possa impedir a evolução da doença. No tratamento pode ser feita a utilização da selegilina, neuromodulador inibidor seletivo da enzima monoamina oxidase, possuindo efeito antioxidante, diminuindo a morte celular. Ainda, é usada a adenosilmetionina, droga que se mostra eficaz na melhora da função cognitiva em animais senis e a propentofilina, vasodilatador que melhora a irrigação cerebral. Conclusão: Compreender a SDC é fundamental para um diagnóstico precoce nos pacientes, realizando o quanto antes os tratamentos paliativos indicados, para a garantia de uma melhor qualidade de vida dos animais afetados, fazendo o uso de fármacos, dietas ricas em antioxidantes e enriquecimento ambiental.

Звіти організацій з теми "Cognition in animals":

Hu, XinYi, JingXuan Hao, and HangYue Wang. Improvement of Environmental enrichment on Cognitive Functions in Patients and animals : A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0014.

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Review question / Objective: To study the relationship between environmental enrichment and cognitive function through a meta-analysis of the literature, analyze its effects on the improvement of cognitive function in patients and animals, and evaluate the effects of different environmental enrichment measures on cognitive function improvement. Condition being studied: Cognitive decline refers to an individual's memory, language, reasoning and other aspects of cognitive function showing obvious, measurable decline or abnormal. The causes of cognitive decline are various, including neurodegeneration, cerebrovascular disease, infection, trauma, and depression. Alzheimer's disease and stroke are the most common.

Luan, Sisi, Wenke Cheng, Chenglong Wang, Hongjian Gong, and Jianbo Zhou. Impact of glucagon-like peptide 1 analogs on cognitive function among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0015.

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Review question / Objective: Diabetes is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment. Little is known regarding the neuroprotective effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogs on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Here, the study aim to assess the impact of GLP-1 on general cognition function among patients with T2DM. Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) an original article was recently published in English, (2) the population included subjects diagnosed with diabetes at baseline, (3) GLP-1 analogs is a single formulation rather than a fixed dose combination, (4) GLP-1 analogs were compared with no GLP-1 use or placebo or self-control before treatment, (5) the duration of antidiabetic agent use was 12 weeks or more, and (6) it provided quantitative measures of general cognitive function assessed by MMSE or MoCA. Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) the publication was a review, case report, animal study, or letter to the editor, (2) the study did not clearly define clinical outcomes, (3) the authors could not provide valid data after being contacted, (4) duplicated data.

Cen, huijie, yue Huang, ziying Su, mengfei Wang, chenxi Ma, and jianping Zhang. Improvement of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Cognitive Functions in Patients and animals : A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0005.

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Kamaruzzaman, Mohd Amir, Muhammad Hibatullah Romli, Razif Abas, Sharmili Vidyadaran, Mohamad Taufik Hidayat Baharuldin, Muhammad Luqman Nasaruddin, Vishnnumukkala Thirupathirao, et al. Impact of Endocannabinoid Mediated Glial Cells on Cognitive Function in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0094.

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Review question / Objective: This review aims to review systematically, and meta-analyse published pre-clinical research about the mechanism of endocannabinoid system modulation on glial cells and their effects on cognitive function in designated Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) in the animal model. Condition being studied: Its been acknowledged that the cure of Alzheimer's disease is still vague. Current medicine is working on symptoms only but never stop the disease progression due to neuronal loss. In recent years, researches have found that cannabinoid which is derived from cannabis sativa plant and its compounds exert neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo. In fact, cognitive improvement has been shown in some clinical studies. Therefore, the knowledge of cannabinoids and its interaction with living physiological environment like glial cells is crucial as immunomodulation to strategize the potential target of this substance. The original articles from related study relating endocannabinoid mediated glial cell were extracted to summarize and meta-analyze its impact and possible mechanism against cognitive decline in AD.

Rolling, Virginia, Christin Seifert, Veena Chattaraman, and Amrut Sadachar. Real Fur or Fake Fur? Animal Fur-Free Luxury Brands, Cognitive Dissonance, and Environmentally-Conscious Millennial Consumer Response. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University. Library, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa.8814.

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Li, Guangyao, Xueqin Hong, Qin Wen, Min Li, Jinghu Li, and Qi Wang. Acupuncture improves cognitive function in animals with vascular dementia by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0022.

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Macintyre, Alison, and Clare Strachan. Sanitation, Hygiene and Environmental Cleanliness for Child Development. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.022.

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This Frontiers of Sanitation draws on the Transformative WASH concept to explore and outline what may be required of WASH implementation stakeholders in efforts to support child development outcomes. The Frontiers explores the multiple ways in which inadequate sanitation, hygiene, and environmental cleanliness can affect physical and cognitive development in children. It explores areas beyond hand hygiene to consider food hygiene and broader environmental cleanliness, and beyond human faeces to consider animal faeces. What this means for practice is then discussed to outline how the WASH sector can improve current practice to best support improvements to child development outcomes and in particular opportunities for children to both survive and thrive.

Macintyre, Alison, and Clare Strachan. Saneamento, Higiene e Limpeza Ambiental para o Desenvolvimento Infantil. The Sanitation Learning Hub, Institute of Development Studies, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2022.009.

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Este Fronteiras ... baseia-se no conceito de WASH Transformativo ao explorar e delinear o que pode ser exigido aos intervenientes na implementação de WASH nos esforços para apoiar os resultados do desenvolvimento infantil. Este número de Fronteiras... explora as múltiplas formas como o saneamento inadequado, a higiene e a limpeza ambiental podem afectar o desenvolvimento físico e cognitivo das crianças. Explora áreas para além da higiene das mãos, ao considerar a higiene alimentar e a limpeza ambiental mais alargada e vai além das fezes humanas, ao ter em conta as fezes animais. É então discutido o que isto implica na prática, por forma a delinear o aperfeiçoamento das práticas actuais do sector de WASH, visando a obtenção de melhores resultados no desenvolvimento infantil e, em particular, de melhores oportunidades de as crianças sobreviverem e se desenvolverem.

Macintyre, Alison, and Clare Strachan. Assainissement, hygiène et propreté de l’environnement pour le développement de l’enfant. The Sanitation Learning Hub, Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2022.015.

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Ce numéro d’Aux Frontières de l’assainissement s’appuie sur le concept de WASH transformationnel pour explorer et décrire brièvement ce que l’on peut attendre des parties prenantes à la mise en oeuvre des services d’EAH pour soutenir le développement infantile. Frontières explore les multiples façons qui font qu’une hygiène et un assainissement insuffisants ainsi qu’un manque de propreté de l’environnement peuvent affecter le développement physique et cognitif des enfants. Il va plus loin que l’hygiène des mains pour considérer l’hygiène alimentaire et la propreté de l’environnement en général et il va au-delà des excreta humains pour considérer les déjections animales. Concrètement, ce que cela veut dire est alors discuté pour décrire comment le secteur de l’EAH peut améliorer les pratiques pour mieux soutenir les améliorations apportées au développement infantile et, en particulier, les opportunités qui s’offrent aux enfants pour survivre et s’épanouir.

Stepanyuk, Alla V., Liudmyla P. Mironets, Tetiana M. Olendr, Ivan M. Tsidylo, and Oksana B. Stoliar. Methodology of using mobile Internet devices in the process of biology school course studying. [б. в.], July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3887.

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This paper considers the problem of using mobile Internet devices in the process of biology studying in secondary schools. It has been examined how well the scientific problem is developed in pedagogical theory and educational practice. The methodology of using mobile Internet devices in the process of biology studying in a basic school, which involves the use of the Play Market server applications, Smart technologies and a website, has been created. After the analyses of the Play Market server content, there have been found several free of charge applications, which can be used while studying biology in a basic school. Among them are the following: Anatomy 4D, Animal 4D+, Augmented Reality Dinosaurs – my ARgalaxy, BioInc – Biomedical Plague, Plan+Net. Their choice is caused by the specifics of the object of biological cognition (life in all its manifestations) and the concept of bio(eco)centrism, which recognizes the life of any living system as the highest value. The paper suggests the original approach for homework checking, which involves besides computer control of students’ learning outcomes, the use of Miracast wireless technology. This demands the owning of a smartphone, a multimedia projector, and a Google Chromecast type adapter. The methodology of conducting a mobile front-line survey at the lesson on the learned or current material in biology in the test form, with the help of the free Plickers application, has been presented. The expediency of using the website builder Ucoz.ua for creation of a training website in biology has been substantiated. The methodology of organizing the educational process in biology in a basic school using the training website has been developed. Recommendations for using a biology training website have been summarized. According to the results of the forming experiment, the effectiveness of the proposed methodology of using mobile Internet devices in the process of biology studying in a basic school has been substantiated.