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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Coastral upwelling"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 9 липня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Coastral upwelling"

Kowalewska-Kalkowska, Halina, and Marek Kowalewski. "Combining Satellite Imagery and Numerical Modelling to Study the Occurrence of Warm Upwellings in the Southern Baltic Sea in Winter." Remote Sensing 11, no. 24 (December 12, 2019): 2982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11242982.

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Coastal upwelling involves an upward movement of deeper, usually colder, water to the surface. Satellite sea surface temperature (SST) observations and simulations with a hydrodynamic model show, however, that the coastal upwelling in the Baltic Sea in winter can bring warmer water to the surface. In this study, the satellite SST data collected by the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) and the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), as well as simulations with the Parallel Model 3D (PM3D) were used to identify upwelling events in the southern Baltic Sea during the 2010–2017 winter seasons. The PM3D is a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Baltic Sea developed at the Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Poland, in which parallel calculations enable high-resolution modelling. A validation of the model results with in situ observations and satellite-derived SST data showed the PM3D to adequately represent thermal conditions in upwelling areas in winter (91.5% agreement). Analysis of the frequency of warm upwellings in 12 areas of the southern Baltic Sea showed a high variability in January and February. In those months, the upwelling was most frequent, both in satellite imagery and in model results, off the Hel Peninsula (38% and 43% frequency, respectively). Upwelling was also frequent off the Vistula Spit, west of the Island of Rügen, and off the eastern coast of Skåne, where the upwelling frequency estimated from satellite images exceeded 26%. As determined by the PM3D, the upwelling frequency off VS and R was at least 25%, while off the eastern coast of Skåne, it reached 17%. The faithful simulation of SST variability in the winters of 2010–2017 by the high-resolution model used was shown to be a reliable tool with which to identify warm upwellings in the southern Baltic Sea.

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Yao, Zhongzhi, Wei Fan, Canbo Xiao, Tiancheng Lin, Yao Zhang, Yongyu Zhang, Jihua Liu, Zhujun Zhang, Yiwen Pan, and Ying Chen. "Numerical Studies on the Suitable Position of Artificial Upwelling in a Semi-Enclosed Bay." Water 12, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010177.

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Ecological engineering by artificial upwelling is considered a promising way to improve water quality. Artificial upwelling could lift nutrient-rich bottom water to the surface, enhance seaweed growth and consequently increase nutrient removal from seawater. However, one of the major obstacles of the engineering application is to determine the suitable position of ecological engineering, which is critical for artificial upwelling’s performance. In this paper, potential artificial upwelling positions in a semi-closed bay are simulated by using the unstructured-grid Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM). The results show that the upwelling position with relative small tidal current and close to corner will be helpful to increasing nutrient concentration of surface water, and be appropriate to build the ecological engineering. With proper design of the ecological engineering, it is possible to have a noticeable impact in semi-closed bay. Thus, artificial upwelling has the potential to succeed as a promising way to alleviate the eutrophication.

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González-Dávila, Melchor, J. Magdalena Santana Casiano, and Francisco Machín. "Changes in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the Mauritanian–Cap Vert upwelling region between 2005 and 2012." Biogeosciences 14, no. 17 (August 31, 2017): 3859–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3859-2017.

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Abstract. Coastal upwellings along the eastern margins of major ocean basins represent regions of large ecological and economic importance due to the high biological productivity. The role of these regions for the global carbon cycle makes them essential in addressing climate change. The physical forcing of upwelling processes that favor production in these areas are already being affected by global warming, which will modify the intensity of upwelling and, consequently, the carbon dioxide cycle. Here, we present monthly high-resolution surface experimental data for temperature and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in one of the four most important upwelling regions of the planet, the Mauritanian–Cap Vert upwelling region, from 2005 to 2012. This data set provides direct evidence of seasonal and interannual changes in the physical and biochemical processes. Specifically, we show an upwelling intensification and an increase of 0.6 Tg yr−1 in CO2 outgassing due to increased wind speed, despite increased primary productivity. This increase in CO2 outgassing together with the observed decrease in sea surface temperature at the location of the Mauritanian Cap Blanc, 21° N, produced a pH rate decrease of −0.003 ± 0.001 yr−1.

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Bakun, A. "Coastal Ocean Upwelling." Science 247, no. 4939 (January 12, 1990): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.247.4939.198.

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Hendry, Katharine, Oscar Romero, and Vanessa Pashley. "Nutrient utilization and diatom productivity changes in the low-latitude south-eastern Atlantic over the past 70 ka: response to Southern Ocean leakage." Climate of the Past 17, no. 2 (March 9, 2021): 603–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-603-2021.

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Abstract. Eastern boundary upwellings (EBUs) are some of the key loci of biogenic silica (opal) burial in the modern ocean, representing important productive coastal systems that extraordinarily contribute to marine organic carbon fixation. The Benguela upwelling system (BUS), in the low-latitude south-eastern Atlantic, is one of the major EBUs and is under the direct influence of nutrient-rich Southern Ocean waters. Quantification of past changes in diatom productivity through time, in response to late Quaternary climatic change, feeds into our understanding of the sensitivity of EBUs to future climatic perturbations. Existing sediment archives of silica cycling include opal burial fluxes, diatom assemblages, and opaline silicon isotopic variations (denoted by δ30Si). Burial fluxes and siliceous assemblages are limited to recording the remains reaching the sediment (i.e. export), and δ30Si variations are complicated by species-specific influences and seasonality. Here, we present the first combined δ30Si record of two large centric diatoms from the BUS, encompassing full glacial conditions to the Holocene. In addition to export, our new data allow us to reconstruct the utilization of dissolved Si in surface waters in an area with strong input from Southern Ocean waters. Our new archives show that there was enhanced upwelling of Southern Ocean Si-rich water accompanied by strong silicic acid utilization by coastal dwelling diatoms during Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3; 60–40 ka). This pulse of strong silicic acid utilization was followed by a weakening of upwelling and coastal diatom Si utilization into MIS2, before an increase in pelagic diatom Si utilization across the deglaciation. We combine our findings with mass balance model experiments to show that changes in surface water silica cycling through time are a function of both upwelling intensity and utilization changes, illustrating the sensitivity of EBUs to climatic change on glacial–interglacial scales.

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Weldeab, S., J. B. W. Stuut, R. R. Schneider, and W. Siebel. "Holocene climate variability in the Winter Rainfall Zone of South Africa." Climate of the Past Discussions 9, no. 3 (May 7, 2013): 2309–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-2309-2013.

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Abstract. We established a multi-proxy time series comprising analyses of major elements in bulk sediments, Sr and Nd isotopes and grain size of terrigenous fraction, and δ18O and δ13C in tests of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral) from a marine sediment sequence recovered off the Orange River. The records reveal coherent patterns of variability that reflect changes in wind strength, precipitation over the river catchments, and upwelling of cold and nutrient-rich coastal waters off western South Africa. The wettest episode of the Holocene in the Winter Rainfall Zone (WRZ) of South Africa occurred during the "Little Ice Age" (700–100 yr BP). Wet phases were accompanied by strengthened coastal water upwellings, a decrease of Agulhas water leakage into the southern Atlantic, and a reduced dust incursion over Antarctica. A continuous aridification trend in the WRZ and a weakening of the southern Benguela Upwelling System (BUS) between 9000 and 5500 yr BP parallel with increase of dust deposition over Antarctica and an enhanced leakage of warm Agulhas water into the southeastern Atlantic. The temporal relationship between precipitation changes in the WRZ, the thermal state of the coastal surface water, and leakage of warm water in southern Atlantic, and variation of dust incursion over Antarctica suggests a causal link that most likely was related to latitudinal shifts of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies. Our results of the mid-Holocene time interval may serve as an analogue to a possible long-term consequence of the current and future southward shift of the westerlies that may result in a decline of rainfall over southwest Africa and a weakened upwelling with implication for phytoplankton productivity and fish stocks. Furthermore, warming of the coastal surface water as a result of warm Agulhas water incursion into the southern BUS may affect coastal fog formation that is critical as moisture source for the endemic flora of the Namaqualand.

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Shi, Weian, Zhi Huang, and Jianyu Hu. "Using TPI to Map Spatial and Temporal Variations of Significant Coastal Upwelling in the Northern South China Sea." Remote Sensing 13, no. 6 (March 11, 2021): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13061065.

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Based on Himawari-8 Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data and the semi-automatic Topographic Position Index (TPI)-based mapping method, this study maps the significant coastal upwelling in the northern South China Sea (NSCS). The results show that the Minnan coastal upwelling mainly occurs within 100 km off the south coast of Fujian; the Yuedong coastal upwelling appears to the east of Pearl River Estuary, limited to the area shallower than 40 m; and the Qiongdong coastal upwelling occurs most frequently in the area shallower than 75 m off the east coast of Hainan Island. Based on the results, this paper quantitatively describes the temporal and spatial variations of upwelling duration, influence area, upwelling SST anomaly, and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) increase. Different coastal upwelling regions in the NSCS are significantly different in characteristics. The Qiongdong coastal upwelling has the longest duration and occurs most frequently, the Yuedong coastal upwelling has the largest influence area and Chl-a increase, and the Minnan coastal upwelling is quite strong in the NSCS.

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Langlet, D., L. Y. Alleman, P. D. Plisnier, H. Hughes, and L. André. "Mn seasonal upwellings recorded in Lake Tanganyika mussels." Biogeosciences Discussions 3, no. 5 (September 22, 2006): 1453–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-3-1453-2006.

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Abstract. Biogenic productivity of Lake Tanganyika is highly dependent on seasonal upwellings of anoxic deep waters. We investigated the shell of freshwater bivalve Pleiodon spekii as a geochemical archive of these periodic hydrological changes tuned by the monsoon regime. The results of a 2-years-long geochemical survey of the coastal waters performed on the dissolved and particulate fractions were put in perspective against laser ablation ICP-MS profiles of Mn in five aragonitic shells from the same lake location. Skeletal Mn profiles in 3 shells are very similar and dominated by episodic peaks that matched the Mn increase recorded in surface waters during the 2002 upwelling, while a shell collected during 2003 dry season detect both 2002 and 2003 upwelling events. Larger shells showing an extremely reduced growth display more than 8Mn peaks suggesting at least an 8 years record of seasonal changes in water composition.

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Huang, Zhi, Jianyu Hu, and Weian Shi. "Mapping the Coastal Upwelling East of Taiwan Using Geostationary Satellite Data." Remote Sensing 13, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13020170.

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Coastal upwelling is important for coastal ecosystems and the blue economy because of its large productivity and large potential for catching fish. However, coastal upwelling along the Taiwan east coast has received little attention from the research community. This study used five-year daily Himawari-8 geostationary satellite sea surface temperature data to map the coastal upwelling east of Taiwan during the summer monsoon season. We applied a semi-automatic image process technique based on the topographic position index for the quantitative upwelling mapping. The results show clear evidence of seasonal coastal upwelling along the entire Taiwan east coast, mainly under the influence of upwelling-favorable southwesterly/southerly winds. There are three broad upwelling centers along the Taiwan east coast: north, central, and south. The upwelling around the northern center has the longest upwelling season, lasting from May to September. The upwelling extents are larger between June and August during the height of the summer monsoon.

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Weldeab, S., J. B. W. Stuut, R. R. Schneider, and W. Siebel. "Holocene climate variability in the winter rainfall zone of South Africa." Climate of the Past Discussions 8, no. 3 (June 18, 2012): 2281–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-8-2281-2012.

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Abstract. We established a multi-proxy time series comprising analyses of major elements in bulk sediments, Sr and Nd isotopes, grain size of terrigenous fraction, and δ18O and δ13C in tests of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral) from a marine sediment sequence recovered off the Orange River. The records reveal coherent patterns of variability that reflect changes in wind strength, precipitation over the river catchments, and upwelling of cold and nutrient-rich coastal waters off Western South Africa. The wettest episode of the Holocene in the Winter Rainfall Zone (WRZ) of South Africa occurred during the "Little Ice Age" (700–100 yr BP). Wet phases were accompanied by strengthened coastal water upwellings, a decrease of Agulhas water leakage into the Southern Atlantic, and a reduced dust incursion over Antarctica. A continuous aridification trend in the WRZ and a weakening of the Southern Benguela Upwelling System (BUS) between 9000 and 5500 yr BP parallel with evidence of a poleward shift of the austral mid-latitude westerlies and an enhanced leakage of warm Agulhas water into the Southeastern Atlantic. The temporal relationship between precipitation changes in the WRZ, the thermal state of the coastal surface water, and variation of dust incursion over Antarctica suggests a causal link that most likely was related to latitudinal shifts of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies and changes in the amount of Agulhas water leakage into the Southern BUS. Our results of the mid-Holocene time interval may serve as an analogue to a possible long-term consequence of the current and future southward shift of the westerlies that may result in a decline of rainfall over Southwest Africa and a weakened upwelling with implication for phytoplankton productivity and fish stocks. Furthermore, warming of the coastal surface water as a result of warm Agulhas water incursion into the Southern BUS may affect coastal fog formation that is critical as moisture source for the endemic flora of the Namaqualand.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Coastral upwelling"

Sylla, Adama. "Variabilité inter-annuelle à décennale et réponse aux forçages anthropiques de l’upwelling sénégalo-mauritanien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS675.

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La région océanique située au large des côte sénégalaises et mauritaniennes est l’une des zones le plus productives dans le monde en raison du système d’upwelling qui a lieu en hiver. Cette saisonnalité est très spécifique à cette région. Ce système d’upwelling se distingue donc des autres upwellings classiquement appelés upwelling de bord est (EBUSs: Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems) tels que le système des Canaries, de la Californie, du Pérou-Chili et du Benguela et qui sont maximum en été. Le devenir de ces upwellings sous l’effet du changement climatique a récemment reçu beaucoup d’attention. Les premières études ont suggéré que leur intensité pourrait augmenter à l’avenir, mais les observations récentes ne permettent pas de dégager des preuves solides. Le système d’upwelling sénégalo-mauritanien est en grande partie exclu de ces études, malgré son rôle crucial pour le développement socio-économique des populations riveraines, dont la nourriture et le revenu dépendent fortement des ressources halieutiques. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse propose une caractérisation de la représentation de ce système dans les modèles de climat de la basse CMIP5 et de sa réponse sous l’effet de l’augmentation des gaz à effet de serre. Notre analyse est basée sur les caractéristiques de l’upwelling en termes de forçage du vent et de signature de la température de surface de la mer. Malgré une certaine diversité dans la capacité des modèles à représenter ce système d’upwelling, les résultats suggèrent que son intensité pourrait au contraire diminuer à l’avenir, principalement en raison de la réduction de la force du vent. D’autre part, cette thèse propose une première analyse de la variabilité inter-annuelle à décennale de l’intensité de ce système à partir de réanalyses. Les indices de caractérisation de l’intensité de l’upwelling ne sont pas toujours cohérents entre eux sur la période historique mais ils suggèrent une variabilité à l’échelle de temps décennale marquée. Le lien avec l’AMV n’est pas robuste, à la différence du lien avec l’intensité de la mousson au cours de la saison opposée. Le mécanisme liant ces deux systèmes est en partie expliqué par les modulations saisonnières de la position hivernale de la zone de convergence intertropicale
The oceanic region located off the Senegalese and Mauritanian coasts is one of the most productive one in the world ocean. This is due to the upwelling system, which occurs during the winter season in this region. This seasonality is very specific. In particular, it differs from the well-known upwelling systems located along the eastern coast of the tropical oceans but further poleward such as along Morocco and the Iberian peninsula, the Californian coast, the Peru-Chili and the Benguela. These upwelling systems are maximum in summer. Several studies have investigated their sensitivity to global warming. Early studies have suggested that their intensity may increase in the future, but recent observations do not clear give robust evidence of this behavior. The winter senegalo-mauritanian upwelling system has been largely excluded from these studies, in spite of its crucial role for the socio-economical development of the populations of the surrounding region, whose food and income strongly depend on the halieutic resources. In this context, this study proposes an evaluation of the representation of this system in the CMIP5 climate models, and its response to climate change. Our analysis is based on characteristics of the upwelling in terms of wind forcing and sea surface temperature signature. In spite of some diversity in the model’s ability to represent the senegalo-mauritanian upwelling system, the results suggest that its intensity may rather decrease in the future, primarily because of a reduction of the wind forcing. In a second hand we propose an analysis of the inter-annual to decadal variability of the intensity of the upwelling based on recent reanalyses. This study focuses on the link with the monsoon and with large scale climate modes such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Atlantic Multi- decadal Oscillation (AMO). The link with the decadal variations of the West African Monsoon (WAM) during the opposite season is relatively clear. It is associated with anomalous trajectories of the ITCZ. The indices characterizing the upwelling are not always correlated with each other, showing that they are not yet very robust. They nevertheless indicate a marked variability at the decadal timescale partly associated with the AMO

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Ramanantsoa, Heriniaina Juliano Dani. "Variability of coastal upwelling south of Madagascar." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29859.

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Madagascar’s southern coastal marine zone is a region of high biological productivity which supports a wide range of marine ecosystems, including fisheries. This high biological productivity is attributed to coastal upwelling. The thesis seeks to characterise the variability of the coastal upwelling south of Madagascar. The first part of the thesis provides new insights on the structure, variability and drivers of the coastal upwelling south of Madagascar. Satellite remote sensing is used to characterize the spatial extent and strength of the coastal upwelling. A front detection algorithm is applied to thirteen years of Multi-scale Ultra-high Resolution (MUR) Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) and an upwelling index is calculated. The influence of winds and ocean currents as drivers of the upwelling are investigated using satellite, in-situ observations, and a numerical model. Results reveal the presence of two well-defined upwelling cells. The first cell (Core 1) is located in the southeastern corner of Madagascar, and the second cell (Core 2) is west of the southern tip of Madagascar. These two cores are characterized by different seasonal variability, different intensities, different upwelled water mass origins, and distinct forcing mechanisms. Core 1 is associated with a dynamical upwelling forced by the detachment of the East Madagascar Current (EMC), which is reinforced by upwelling favourable winds. Core 2 which appears to be primarily forced by upwelling favourable winds, is also influenced by a poleward eastern boundary flow coming from the Mozambique Channel. This intrusion of Mozambique Channel warm waters could result in an asynchronicity in seasonality between upwelling surface signature and upwelling favourables winds. The second part of the thesis focuses on the interaction between the intrusion of warm water from Mozambique channel and the upwelling cell in Core 2. Cruise datasets, satellite remote sensing observations and model data analyses are combined to highlight the existence of a coastal surface poleward flow in the south-west of Madagascar: the South-west MAdagascar iv Coastal Current (SMACC). The SMACC is a relatively shallow (Coastal Current (SMACC). The SMACC is a relatively shallow (<300 m) and narrow (<100km wide) warm and salty coastal surface current, which flows along the south western coast of Madagascar toward the south, opposite to the dominant winds. The warm water surface signature of the SMACC extends from 22◦S (upstream) to 26.4◦S (downstream). The SMACC exhibits a seasonal variability: more intense in summer and reduced in winter. The average volume transport of its core is about 1.3 Sv with a mean summer maximum of 2.1 Sv. It is forced by a strong cyclonic wind stress curl associated with the bending of the trade winds along the southern tip of Madagascar. The SMACC directly influences the coastal upwelling regions south of Madagascar. Its existence is likely to influence local fisheries and larval transportpatterns, as well as the connectivity with the Agulhas Current, affecting the returning branch of the global overturning circulation. The last part of the thesis provides a holistic understanding of the inter-annual variability of the upwelling cells associated with the multiple forcing mechanisms defined in the first two parts of this work. Results reveal that the upwelling cells, Core 1 and Core 2, have different inter-annual variabilities. Inter-annual variability of Core 1 is associated with the East Madagascar Current (EMC) while Core 2 is linked with the South-west MAdagascar Coastal Current (SMACC). Inter-annual changes in the EMC occur as a result of oscillations in the South Equatorial Current (SEC) bifurcation off Madagascar, while the inter-annual variability in the SMACC is influenced by the cyclonic wind stress curl inter-annual variability. The upwelling is also linked with global/regional climate modes. Both Cores are highly correlated with the Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole (SIOD). Core 2 is also correlated to the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Both cores are significantly correlated with the El Ni˜no-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) after 12 months lag.

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Li, Z. "A numerical study of basic coastal upwelling processes." Thesis, University of Reading, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234709.

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Barth, John A. "Stability of a coastal upwelling front over topography." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/51462.

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Amieroh, Abrahams. "Detecting patterns of upwelling variability in Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems with special emphasis on the Benguela region." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7827.

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Magister Scientiae (Biodiversity and Conservation Biology)
Coastal upwelling is one of the most important oceanographic processes relating to ecosystem function at local and global spatial scales. To better understand how changes in upwelling trends may occur in the face of ongoing anthropogenically induced climate change it is important to quantify historical trends in climatic factors responsible for enabling coastal upwelling. However, a paucity of conclusive knowledge relating to patterns concerning changes in upwelling across the world’s oceans over time makes such analyses difficult. In this study I aimed to quantify these patterns by first identifying when upwelling events occur using a novel method for predicting the behaviours of coastal upwelling systems over time. By using remotely sensed SST data of differing resolutions as well as several wind variables I was able to identify and quantify upwelling signals at several distances away from the coastline of various upwelling systems. Using this novel method of determining upwelling, I then compared upwelling patterns within all Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS) over a period of 37 years, with the assumption that climate change was likely to have driven variable wind patterns leading to a more intense upwelling over time. Overall, upwelling patterns and wind variables did not intensify overtime. This method of identifying upwelling may allow for the development of predictive capabilities to investigate upwelling trends in the future.

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Fasciano, William Culp. "Meandering of the coastal upwelling jet near Cape Mendocino." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27126.

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El, Aouni Anass. "Lagrangian coherent structures and physical processes of coastal upwelling." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0146.

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L’étude des processus physiques d’un système d’upwelling est essentielle pour comprendre sa variabilité actuelle et ses changements passés et futurs. Cette thèse présente une étude interdisciplinaire du système d’upwelling côtier à partir de différentes données acquises par satellite, l’accent étant mis principalement sur le système d’upwelling d’Afrique du Nord-Ouest (NWA). Cette étude interdisciplinaire aborde (1) le problème de l’identification et de l’extraction automatiques du phénomène d’upwelling à partir d’observations satellitaires biologiques et physiques. (2) Une étude statistique de la variation spatio-temporelle de l’upwelling de la NWA tout au long de son extension et de ses différents indices d’upwelling. (3) Une étude des relations non linéaires entre le mélange de surface et l’activité biologique dans les régions d’upwelling. (4) études lagrangiennes de tourbillons cohérents; leurs propriétés physiques et identification automatique. (5) L’étude des transports effectués par les tourbillons lagrangiens de la NWA Upwelling et leur impact sur l’océan
Studying physical processes of an upwelling system is essential to understand its present variability and its past and future changes. This thesis presents an interdisciplinary study of the coastal upwelling system from different satellite acquired data, with the main focus placed on the North West African (NWA) upwelling system. This interdisciplinary study covers (1) the problem of the automatic identification and extraction of the upwelling phenomenon from biological and physical satellite observations. (2) A statistical study of the spatio-temporal variation of the NWA upwelling throughout its extension and different upwelling indices. (3) A Study of the nonlinear relationships between the surface mixing and biological activity in the upwelling regions. (4) Lagrangian studies of coherent eddies; their physical properties and automatic identification. (5) The study of transport made by Lagrangian eddies off the NWA Upwelling and their impact on the open ocean. [...]

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Gebe, Zimkhita. "The ecology of picophytoplankton in a coastal upwelling ecosystem." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Science, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33737.

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The dynamic Benguela Upwelling System is one of four major upwelling regions in the world and is subdivided into two sub-systems, the northern and southern Benguela. This current study was conducted within the southern Benguela, which lies between 27°S and 35°S (Orange River Mouth to East London) and is characterized on the west coast by seasonal, wind-driven, coastal upwelling. The study targeted three picophytoplankton groups, Synechococcus, Prochlorococcus and picoeukaryotes, which are the three most abundant < 2 µm size class phytoplankton. Flow cytometry was employed to enumerate picophytoplankton abundances, using their pigments and cell sizes to identify the different groups. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of picophytoplankton in the southern Benguela coastal upwelling ecosystem. These aims were met by: i) determining the spatiotemporal variability of each of the three picophytoplankton groups over a period of 8 sampling cruises at 44 stations across four latitudinal lines in the study region, ii) determining short-term changes in carbon and nitrogen biomass of picophytoplankton and their growth rates over a 10-day period, using abundance estimates from a station off St. Helena Bay, and iii) estimating mortality of microbial communities in a laboratory study using samples collected from a coastal upwelling environment. Results showed no strong seasonality in picophytoplankton abundances but evidence of latitudinal and zonal effects. Investigations over the short term showed that populations of picophytoplankton in the southern Benguela change on the same timescale of ~3 days as the larger phytoplankton during an upwelling event. Determining mortality rates using a dilution experiment presented some challenges. Instead of increased growth rates, the study showed decreased growth rates as predator numbers decreased. These shortcomings were investigated in a second experiment, which both excluded large predators (<200µm) and also ran a parallel experiment excluding smaller predators (10-200 µm). The last of these experiments resulted in increased growth rates as predator numbers decreased. The complexity of the southern Benguela system, with its pulsed, high productivity and large concentrations of nutrients, traditionally is known to show variability through effects on the biology of large phytoplankton. However, picophytoplankton also were variable in the study area, resulting from bottom up effects of the environment, confounded by biotic factors such as predation, parasitism and competition

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Bain, Cairns Alexander Robertson. "Empirical dynamics of a small scale coastal upwelling region." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21855.

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The study investigates the dynamics of a small space scale (less than 10 km) coastal upwelling region at the temporal scales spanning hours to years. Three to four year time series data sets of, sea temperatures at different depths (2m, 5 m and 8,5 m) one kilometer offshore, of wind and of waves, obtained from Eskom for the Koeberg nuclear power station site study near Melkbosstrand (33° 41'S, 18° 26'E) were digitized on an hourly basis. An emphasis is placed on the study of the wind and sea temperature data, the latter being an unique data set in the South African context. The data were filtered into different frequency bands (<12,0 <0,5 <0,025 cpd). Simple statistics, linear correlation and spectral analysis were used to characterize these bands. Dominant temporal scales were identified as the seasonal, event (synoptic) and diurnal time scales. The characterization of the latter two time scales were supplemented with field work which inter alia measured: sea temperature profiles and transects; sea surface temperature distribution with the airborne radiation thermometry technique and Lagrangian currents.

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Jardine, Ian David. "Coastal upwelling along the west coast of Vancouver Island." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28946.

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Wind-driven up welling events near Brooks Peninsula off the west coast of Vancouver Island have been identified during the summers of 1988 and 1989 from sea surface NOAA AVHRR thermal imagery obtained at the UBC Satellite Oceanography and Meteorology Laboratory. Software has been developed to characterize the strength and extent of the surface cooling associated with the upwelling. A two-dimensional, 2-layer finite difference model with 1 km resolution has been formulated to examine the small-scale dynamics of the upwelling events. The model uses local wind and includes realistic coastline and bathymetry. The wind-stress and coastline configuration appear to be the main factors contributing to favourable upwelling regions. The results of the model compare favourably to the observed starting location of the upwelling.
Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate

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Книги з теми "Coastral upwelling"

Barth, John A. Stability of a coastal upwelling front over topography. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1987.

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Park, M. M. Coastal transition zone pilot - 1987: Rapid sampling vertical profiler observations. Corvallis, Or: College of Oceanography, Oregon State University, 1987.

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Fasciano, William Culp. Meandering of the coastal upwelling jet near Cape Mendocino, California: A comparison between laboratory simulations and oceanic observations. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1989.

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Howe, John T. Biogeochemical cycling in the ocean. Moffett Field, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1986.

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Collard, Sneed B. Coastal upwelling and mass mortalities of fishes and invertebrates in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico during spring and summer 1998: Final report. New Orleans, La: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, 1999.

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Suess, Erwin, and Jörn Thiede. Coastal Upwelling Its Sediment Record : Part A: Responses of the Sedimentary Regime to Present Coastal Upwelling. Springer, 2012.

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Suess, Erwin, and Jörn Thiede. Coastal Upwelling Its Sediment Record : Part A: Responses of the Sedimentary Regime to Present Coastal Upwelling. Springer, 2013.

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Dickson, Mary-Lynn. Nitrogen dynamics in a coastal upwelling regime. 1994.

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McCaffrey, Mark A. Sedimentary lipids as indicators of depositional conditions in the coastal Peruvian upwelling regime. 1990.

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Coastal upwelling indices, west coast of North America, 1946-1995. [La Jolla, Calif.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 1996.

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Частини книг з теми "Coastral upwelling"

Mohan, Ram K., Andrew D. Short, Gillian Cambers, M. MacLeod, J. A. G. Cooper, David Hopley, Vincent May, et al. "Coastal Upwelling and Downwelling." In Encyclopedia of Coastal Science, 306–8. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3880-1_88.

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Barua, Dilip K. "Coastal Upwelling and Downwelling." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48657-4_88-2.

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Barua, Dilip K. "Coastal Upwelling and Downwelling." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 600–604. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93806-6_88.

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Rohli, Robert V., and Chunyan Li. "Coastal Upwelling and Weather." In Meteorology for Coastal Scientists, 443–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73093-2_45.

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Tarazona, J., and W. Arntz. "The Peruvian Coastal Upwelling System." In Ecological Studies, 229–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04482-7_17.

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Kämpf, Jochen, and Piers Chapman. "The Functioning of Coastal Upwelling Systems." In Upwelling Systems of the World, 31–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42524-5_2.

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Kämpf, Jochen, and Piers Chapman. "The Peruvian-Chilean Coastal Upwelling System." In Upwelling Systems of the World, 161–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42524-5_5.

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Kämpf, Jochen, and Piers Chapman. "Seasonal Wind-Driven Coastal Upwelling Systems." In Upwelling Systems of the World, 315–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42524-5_8.

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Mann, K. H., and J. R. N. Lazier. "Vertical Structure in Coastal Waters: Coastal Upwelling Regions." In Dynamics of Marine Ecosystems, 163–215. Malden, MA USA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118687901.ch5.

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Pires, Rita F. T., and Antonina Dos Santos. "Metazooplankton Dynamics in Coastal Upwelling Systems." In Zooplankton Ecology, 142–61. First. | Boca Raton: CRC Press, [2021]: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351021821-9.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Coastral upwelling"

Maffey, Silvia. "COASTAL UPWELLINGS, AN INTEGRATING DIDACTIC RESOURCE." In 10th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2017.1628.

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Ganguly, D., and M. Raman. "Coastal Upwelling During Normal and EL Nino Years: Case Study of Peru and Oman Upwelling." In 2021 IEEE International India Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (InGARSS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ingarss51564.2021.9792080.

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Yoon, Jong Seong, Keiji Nakatsuji, and Kouji Muraoka. "Study of Upwelling Phenomena of Anoxic Water 'A-oshio'." In 24th International Conference on Coastal Engineering. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784400890.250.

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Sholva, Yus, Benhard Sitohang, and Ketut Wikantika. "Modeling of coastal upwelling using spatiogram and structuring elements." In 2014 International Conference on Data and Software Engineering (ICODSE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icodse.2014.7062661.

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Krishna, K. Muni. "Coastal Upwelling Activity along the southwest coast of India." In CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008): Proceedings of the International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS). American Institute of Physics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3116967.

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Tabeta, Shigeru, Tsuguki Kinoshita, and Yuta Shimizu. "Numerical Simulation of Tidal Current in the Coastal Region With an Artificial Seabed Mound for Upwelling." In ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2005-67368.

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The technology of generating an artificial upwelling by constructing a seabed mound to increase the primary production is being examined off Ikitsuki Island, Nagasaki, Japan. A numerical simulation model is being developed in order to evaluate the effects and environmental influence of the artificial seabed mound. At the first stage of the modeling, tidal current is calculated for the coastal region including the artificial upwelling area. Since most of the boundaries of the computational domain are open to the ocean, it is necessary to give incoming tidal wave all over them, which is not easy because of complicate topography. A newly developed inverse method using the observation data at tidal stations along the coastline was applied to determine the boundary conditions of tide. The calculated tide by the method agreed fairly well with the observation data. Currents near the seabed mound was also investigated, whose result is indicated that internal wave induced by the mound makes the mixing larger.

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El Aouni, Anass, Khalid Minaoui, Ayoub Tamim, Khalid Daoudi, Hussein Yahia, Abderrahman Atillah, and Driss Aboutajdine. "Detection of Moroccan coastal upwelling using sea surface chlorophyll concentration." In 2015 IEEE/ACS 12th International Conference of Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aiccsa.2015.7507165.

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Krishna, K. M. "Coastal upwelling activity along the central east coast of India." In Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing, edited by Robert J. Frouin, Serge Andrefouet, Hiroshi Kawamura, Mervyn J. Lynch, Delu Pan, and Trevor Platt. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.804919.

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Kozlov, Igor, Toma Mingelaite, and Inga Dailidiene. "Space-derived parameters of coastal upwelling in the SE Baltic Sea." In 2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/baltic.2014.6887850.

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Mingelaite, Toma, Inga Dailidiene, and Igor Kozlov. "Space-derived parameters of coastal upwelling in the SE Baltic Sea." In 2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/baltic.2014.6887883.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Coastral upwelling"

Smith, Robert L. Equatorward Jets, Poleward Undercurrents and Coastal Upwelling. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada300328.

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Van Geen, Alexander, and John Marra. Can Macro- and Micro-Nutrient Inputs be Decoupled During Coastal Upwelling? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada609902.

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Van Geen, Alexander, and John Marra. Can Macro- and Micro-Nutrient Inputs Be Decoupled During Coastal Upwelling? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada630279.

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Shulman, Igor. Real-time Observations of a Coastal Upwelling Event Using Innovative Technologies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada620412.

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Paduan, Jeffrey D., Steven R. Ramp, and Leslie K. Rosenfeld. Real-Time Observations of a Coastal Upwelling Event Using Innovative Technologies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada626586.

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Shulman, Igor. Real-time Observations of a Coastal Upwelling Event Using Innovative Technologies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada626605.

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Raduan, Jeffrey D., Steven R. Ramp, and Leslie K. Rosenfeld. Real-Time Observations of a Coastal Upwelling Event Using Innovative Technologies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada625312.

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Shulman, Igor. Real-Time Observations of a Coastal Upwelling Event Using Innovative Technologies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada625357.

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Chavez, Francisco P., Richard T. Barber, Fei Chai, Yi Chao, Andrew P. De Vogelaere, John C. Kindle, Robert A. Maffione, Baldo Marinovic, James C. McWilliams, and Jeffery D. Paduan. Modeling the Central California Coastal Upwelling System: Physics, Ecosystems and Resource Management. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada496406.

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Veland, Siri, and Christine Merk. Lay person perceptions of marine carbon dioxide removal (CDR) – Working paper. OceanNETs, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d3.3.

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This working paper presents first insights on lay public perceptions of marine carbon dioxide removal (CDR) approaches. In seven focus groups, three in Germany and four in Norway (including one pilot) the researchers asked members of the lay public to share their views of the ocean and the effects of climate change, four CDR approaches, as well as their reflections on responsible research and innovation (RRI) of marine CDR. The four CDR methods were ocean iron fertilization, ocean alkalinity enhancement, artificial upwelling, and blue carbon management through restoration of coastal and marine ecosystems. In addition, respondents were asked to compare the four approaches. Our findings indicate that the public will be very supportive of blue carbon management irrespective of its actual carbon sequestration potential, due in part to the perceived bad state of marine ecosystems worldwide. Participants were skeptical whether any of the CDR approaches could have relevant effect on carbon sequestration and long-term storage; they reasoned about issues such as the ability to scale up treatments in time and space, unforeseen or unforeseeable effects on ecosystems in time and space, and the role of industry in the implementation process. They argued that despite the potential availability of marine CDR, industry and the general public should stop polluting behaviors and practices. Nevertheless, the participants universally agreed that further research on all four CDR methods should be pursued to better understand effects on climate, ecosystems, local communities, and the economy.

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