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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Coal gasification Waste disposal"

1

Lee, Sang Yeop, Md Tanvir Alam, Gun Ho Han, Dong Hyuk Choi, and Se Won Park. "Gasification Applicability of Korean Municipal Waste Derived Solid Fuel: A Comparative Study." Processes 8, no. 11 (October 29, 2020): 1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8111375.

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Gaining energy independence by utilizing new and renewable energy resources has become imperative for Korea. Energy recovery from Korean municipal solid waste (MSW) could be a promising option to resolve the issue, as Korean MSW is highly recyclable due to its systematic separation, collection and volume-based waste disposal system. In this study, gasification experiments were conducted on Korean municipal waste-derived solid fuel (SRF) using a fixed bed reactor by varying the equivalence ratio (ER) to assess the viability of syngas production. Experiments were also conducted on coal and biomass under similar conditions to compare the experimental results, as the gasification applicability of coal and biomass are long-established. Experimental results showed that Korean SRF could be used to recover energy in form of syngas. In particular, 50.94% cold gas efficiency and 54.66% carbon conversion ratio with a lower heating value of 12.57 MJ/Nm3 can be achieved by gasifying the SRF at 0.4 ER and 900 °C. However, compared to coal and biomass, the syngas efficiency of Korean SRF was less, which can be resolved by operating the gasification processes at high temperatures. If proper research and development activities are conducted on Korean SRF, it could be a good substitute for fossil fuels in the future.
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2

Lartey-Young, George, and Limin Ma. "Remediation with Semicoke-Preparation, Characterization, and Adsorption Application." Materials 13, no. 19 (September 29, 2020): 4334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13194334.

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Development of low-cost contaminant sorbents from industrial waste is now an essential aspect of the circular economy since their disposal continues to threaten ecological integrity. Semicoke (SC), a by-product generated in large quantities and described as solid waste from gasification of low-rank coal (LRC), is gaining popularity in line with its reuse capacity in the energy industry but is less explored as a contaminant adsorbent despite its physical and elemental carbon properties. This paper summarizes recent information on SC, sources and production, adsorption mechanism of polluting contaminants, and summarizes regeneration methods capable of yielding sustainability for the material reuse.
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3

Zhang, Yixin, Wenke Jia, Rumeng Wang, Yang Guo, Fanhui Guo, Jianjun Wu, and Baiqian Dai. "Investigation of the Characteristics of Catalysis Synergy during Co-Combustion for Coal Gasification Fine Slag with Bituminous Coal and Bamboo Residue." Catalysts 11, no. 10 (September 25, 2021): 1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11101152.

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As a kind of solid waste from coal chemical production, the disposal of coal gasification fine slag poses a certain threat to the environment and the human body. It is essential for gasification slag (GS) to realize rational utilization. GS contains fewer combustible materials, and the high heating value is only 9.31 MJ/Kg, which is difficult to burn in combustion devices solely. The co-combustion behavior of the tri-fuel blends, including bituminous coal (BC), gasification slag (GS), and bamboo residue (BR), was observed by a thermogravimetric analyzer. The TGA results showed that the combustibility increased owing to the addition of BC and BR, and the ignition and burnout temperatures were lower than those of GS alone. The combustion characteristics of the blended samples became worse with the increase in the proportion of GS. The co-combustion process was divided into two main steps with obvious interactions (synergistic and antagonistic). The synergistic effect was mainly attributed to the catalysis of the ash-forming metals reserved with the three raw fuels and the diffusion of oxygen in the rich pore channels of GS. The combustion reaction of blending samples was dominated by O1 and D3 models. The activation energy of the blending combustion decreased compared to the individual combustion of GS. The analysis of the results in this paper can provide some theoretical guidance for the resource utilization of fine slag.
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4

Zhang, Yixin, Rumeng Wang, Guofeng Qiu, Wenke Jia, Yang Guo, Fanhui Guo, and Jianjun Wu. "Synthesis of Porous Material from Coal Gasification Fine Slag Residual Carbon and Its Application in Removal of Methylene Blue." Molecules 26, no. 20 (October 10, 2021): 6116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26206116.

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A large amount of coal gasification slag is produced every year in China. However, most of the current disposal is into landfills, which causes serious harm to the environment. In this research, coal gasification fine slag residual carbon porous material (GFSA) was prepared using gasification fine slag foam flotation obtained carbon residue (GFSF) as raw material and an adsorbent to carry out an adsorption test on waste liquid containing methylene blue (MB). The effects of activation parameters (GFSF/KOH ratio mass ratio, activation temperature, and activation time) on the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of GFSA were investigated. The total specific surface area and pore volume of GSFA with the highest CEC were 574.02 m2/g and 0.467 cm3/g, respectively. The degree of pore formation had an important effect on CEC. The maximum adsorption capacity of GFSA on MB was 19.18 mg/g in the MB adsorption test. The effects of pH, adsorption time, amount of adsorbent, and initial MB concentration on adsorption efficiency were studied. Langmuir isotherm and quasi second-order kinetic model have a good fitting effect on the adsorption isotherm and kinetic model of MB.
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5

Federer, J. I., and R. J. Lauf. "Crystallization behavior of coal gasification ash." Nuclear and Chemical Waste Management 5, no. 3 (January 1985): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-815x(85)90081-6.

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6

Chen, Tianxiang, Ning Yuan, Shanhu Wang, Xinfei Hao, Xinling Zhang, Dongmin Wang, and Xuan Yang. "The Effect of Bottom Ash Ball-Milling Time on Properties of Controlled Low-Strength Material Using Multi-Component Coal-Based Solid Wastes." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 11, 2022): 9949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14169949.

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As the conventional disposal method for industrial by-products and wastes, landfills can cause environmental pollution and huge economic costs. However, some secondary materials can be effectively used to develop novel underground filling materials. Controlled low-strength material (CLSM) is a highly flowable, controllable, and low-strength filling material. The rational use of coal industry by-products to prepare CLSM is significant in reducing environmental pollution and value-added disposal of solid waste. In this work, five different by-products of the coal industry (bottom ash (BA), fly ash, desulfurized gypsum, gasification slag, and coal gangue) and cement were used as mixtures to prepare multi-component coal industry solid waste-based CLSM. The microstructure and phase composition of the obtained samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. In addition, the particle size/fineness of samples was also measured. The changes in fresh and hardened properties of CLSM were studied using BA after ball milling for 20 min (BAI group) and 45 min (BAII group) that replaced fly ash with four mass ratios (10 wt%, 30 wt%, 50 wt%, and 70 wt%). The results showed that the CLSM mixtures satisfied the limits and requirements of the American Concrete Institute Committee 229 for CLSM. Improving the mass ratio of BA to fly ash and the ball-milling time of the BA significantly reduced the flowability and the bleeding of the CLSM; the flowability was still in the high flowability category, the lowest bleeding BAI70 (i.e., the content of BA in the BAI group was 70 wt%) and BAII70 (i.e., the content of BA in the BAII group was 70 wt%) decreased by 48% and 64%, respectively. Furthermore, the 3 d compressive strengths of BAI70 and BAII70 were increased by 48% and 93%, respectively, compared with the group without BA, which was significantly favorable, whereas the 28 d compressive strength did not change significantly. Moreover, the removability modulus of CLSM was calculated, which was greater than 1, indicating that CLSM was suitable for structural backfilling that requires a certain strength. This study provides a basis for the large-scale utilization of coal industry solid waste in the construction industry and underground coal mine filling.
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7

Akash, Varshney, and Singh O. P. "Municipal Solid Waste as an Alternate Source of Energy: A Review." International Journal of Zoological Investigations 08, no. 02 (2022): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2022.v08i02.049.

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Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a big environmental challenge. However; it is a potential source of recycling materials, heat and energy. In developed countries this waste is used as resource to produce energy and compost; whereas in developing countries like India, collection, transportation and disposal of MSW are a big task. Wastes to energy technologies (WTE-T) play important role in sustainable management of MSW throughout the world. These technologies reduce the amount of waste as well as produce energy, which can be used to generate electricity. These include thermochemical treatment technologies, biochemical treatment technologies and utilization of landfill gas. Thermochemical techniques include Incineration, Gasification, Pyrolysis, Plasma arc gasification and Hydrothermal carbonization. Incineration is the most common technique used for treatment of MSW. It reduces 70% mass and 90% volume of MSW and sterile ash remains as byproduct. Gasification is advantageous over incineration, as gases are not released into atmosphere. Pyrolysis is the anaerobic thermal degradation of MSW, carried out in an oxygen free environment, producing gases (syngas), liquid and solid residuals. Syngas is composed of methane, hydrogen, carbon mono oxide and carbon dioxide. It can be used in engines, boilers, turbines, fuel cells and heat pumps. Plasma arc gasification also involves partial oxidation of MSW. Syngas and high quality producer gas is obtained that can be used as transport fuel, heat and to generate electricity. Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) is a complex process through which hydro-char is produced, which is similar to coal and can be used as a solid fuel for heat and power generation. Organic fraction of MSW is biodegradable and has high energy content. Biochemical treatment technologies are designed to utilize this fraction of MSW. Anaerobic digestion of organic waste is performed by microbes in absence of oxygen in a closed container (biogas digester), resulting in the reduction of waste and production of a combustible gas, biogas, a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide. Landfill gas is rich in methane and must be used to produce heat and energy. It usually consists of 50% methane and 50% CO2. Gas is collected by pipes and reaches the wells installed inside the landfills.
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Cascarosa, Esther, Lorena Gasco, Gorka García, Gloria Gea, and Jesús Arauzo. "Meat and bone meal and coal co-gasification: Environmental advantages." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 59 (February 2012): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.06.005.

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9

Li, Dedi, Jianzhong Liu, Jinqian Wang, Qingcheng Bai, Jun Cheng, and Kefa Cen. "Experimental studies on coal water slurries prepared from coal gasification wastewater." Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering 13, no. 1 (November 23, 2017): e2162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apj.2162.

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10

Chen, Denghong, Tianwei Cao, Ran Chen, and Chao Li. "Optimization Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash-Based Multicontent Gasification Slag Paste Filling Material." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (March 30, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5908317.

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In view of the difficult utilization of a large amount of coal-based solid waste produced by coal electrification in the Ningdong mining area, especially the large storage and low utilization rate of gasified slag, combined with the advantages of high paste filling concentration, fast efficiency, and low construction cost, it is of great significance to study the appropriate proportion of fly ash-based multicontent gasified slag paste filling material for green mining and large-amount utilization of gasified slag. Based on the microstructure, composition, and particle size distribution of gasification slag, fly ash, broken coal gangue, furnace bottom slag, and desulfurization gypsum tested by XRD, SEM, and particle size sorting screen, the mass fraction (X1), gasification slag content (X2), m (c): m (FA) (X3). 29 groups of schemes are designed by four factors : mass fraction X1 refers to the proportion of solid in the filling paste, the amount of gasification slag in the solid X2 refers to the proportion of gasification slag in the solid, and m (c): m (FA) X3 refers to the proportion of fly ash and cement in the solid excluding gasification slag, coal gangue, desulfurization gypsum, and furnace bottom slag. The amount of desulfurization gypsum in the solid X4 refers to the proportion of desulfurization gypsum in the solid. The flow and strength characteristics of each group are analyzed. It is found that before proportioning, coal gangue of 2.5∼5 mm accounts for 80.8%, furnace bottom slag of less than 2.5 mm accounts for 56.5%, fly ash of 20∼80% μm accounts for 80%, and fly ash of 10∼20% μm accounts for 90%. XRD patterns reveal that the main components of four solid wastes and cement are SiO2 and Ca3SiO5, and the chemical composition of desulfurization gypsum is Ca(SO4)(H2O)2. The regularity of size change tends to be consistent, and the uniaxial compressive strength of 3 days later in group thirteenth exceeds 0.991 MPa. Combined with the flow characteristics, it is determined that there are 6 optimization groups in the inclined ladder area with the expansion of 200∼250 mm and the uniaxial compressive strength of 0.6∼1.4 MPa. The compressive strength increases with the increase of the mass fraction of single-factor analysis. The response surface method of C shows that the significance of X1, X2, X3, and X4 decreases in turn. The central combination design is used to predict that the mix proportion of X1 is 84%, X2 is 15%, X3 is 1 : 5, and X4 is 7%, the content of coal gangue is 10%, and the content of furnace bottom slag is 5% which is the best. The supplementary experimental results show that σ3d is 1.35 MPa and the expansion is 200 mm. Combined with SEM, it is found that the microstructure before and after optimization is rich in hydration products and the internal structure is well cemented, which further explains σC. The above research provides important basic parameters for large-scale disposal and green filling mining which is difficult to deal with a large amount of stockpiled gasification slag.
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Дисертації з теми "Coal gasification Waste disposal"

1

Martin, R. Scott. "Chemchar gasification of radioactive, inorganic, and organic laden wastes /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9946277.

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Morlando, Rebecca A. "Chemchar gasification of metal-bearing wastes, chlorinated organics and doe surrogate wastes /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841325.

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Garrison, Kenneth E. "The evaluation of the Chemchar, Chemchar II, and Chemchar III gasification processes for the treatment of a variety of inorganic and organic laden wastes /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9988662.

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Rezaee, Mohammad. "SUSTAINABLE DISPOSAL OF COAL PROCESSING WASTE STREAMS." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/mng_etds/26.

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Modern coal preparation facilities incorporate a wide array of solid-solid and solid-liquid separation processes for rejecting mineral matter to meet market specifications. The coarse mineral matter is typically placed into engineered refuse piles whereas the fine refuse is either stored in impoundments or co-disposed with the coarse refuse. The discharge water from the refuse material represents an environmental concern due to the potential release of trace elements, and the subsequent elevation of total dissolved solids and conductivity. The research findings reported in this dissertation addresses sustainable coal processing waste disposal through using strategies aimed at minimizing the environmental impacts. To provide an accurate and inexpensive method to assess the potential environmental effects of a given waste material, a conductivity screening-level test was modified to incorporate the impact of particle surface area. The test was used on various waste streams as well as the particle size and density fractions of each waste stream to identify environmentally sensitive components that can be separated from the bulk and isolated to prevent negative environmental impacts. The results were subsequently evaluated for long term mobility of trace elements under different disposal scenarios: (i) static leaching tests designed to simulate the quiescent conditions in a stable impoundment, and (ii) a dynamic test to simulate waste materials exposed to the atmosphere in variable wet/dry storage conditions. The results indicated that liberating, separating and isolating the highest density fractions (>2.68 SG) which represents less than 5% of the coal refuse materials results in significant abatement of total dissolved solids and conductivity. Required modifications of the coal processing plants were suggested to segregate and subsequently isolate the environmentally sensitive fractions from the remaining refuse material.
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5

Bushell, Andrew John. "Occurrence of trace elements in UK coals and their fate on gasification and disposal residues." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8518.

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6

Li, Jian 1957. "Pyrolysis and CO2 gasification of black liquor." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65338.

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Sricharoenchaikul, Viboon. "Fate of carbon-containing compounds from gasification of kraft black liquor with subsequent catalytic conditioning of condensable organics." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10145.

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Trouillet-Richaud, Raphaelle. "Toxic emissions from the gasification and combustion of coal and biomass waste." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313145.

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Serage, Noah Magonagone. "Plasma gasification for converting municipal solid waste to energy." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20266.

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In South Africa most of the municipal solid waste is currently removed and taken to land fill sites for engraving. A very small percentage of this is recycled due to lack of exploration of alternative means of further processing. In 2011 approximately 108 million tonnes of waste, mostly being general waste was generated in South Africa. Ninety eight (98) million tonnes of this waste was disposed of at landfill sites (The Department of Environmental Affairs [DEA], 2012). Environmental engineers are finding municipal solid waste management to be a challenge, similarly do the city planners and local administration. The main reason being the difficulty brought about by the complexity in composition of the waste material, no availability of waste minimization technologies and the scarcity of land for landfill sites and their environmental impact (Lal & Singh, 2012). Anyaegbunam (2013) recommend that there is a disposal technique that can convert most of the landfill waste at reduced amount of money to what is being paid on other disposal techniques nowadays, regardless of its form or composition and produce an excess of clean energy, and that technique is called Plasma Gasification which carries a high capability of being economically efficient. According to Young (2010), plasma arc Gasification is a high-temperature pyrolysis process whereby the organics of waste solids (carbon-based materials) are converted into syngas. The syngas can also be sent to gas turbines or reciprocating engines to produce electricity. Few of these plants exist in the world, however there is none in South Africa due to municipal budgetary constraints and lack of evidence for return on investment. Gasification can be described as a thermo-chemical process wherein carbonaceous or carbon-rich feed stocks, for instance tree trimmings or biomass, coal, and petro-coke are transformed into a complex gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide (and smaller quantities of carbon dioxide and other trace gases) under high pressure, oxygen exhausted, strong heat and/or steam environments (SRS Energy Solutions, 2016) The problem of electricity shortages continues to increase and communities are unable to cope with the continuous rising electricity bills. It is forecast that electricity demand will grow by approximately 85% and thereby reaching 31 700TWH (terawatt hours) in the year 2035. This growth rate is anticipated at an annual rate of 2.4% of which the economic and population growth will be the driving force, while on the other hand the daily increase of waste at landfill sites poses many problems with regards to the lifespan of the landfill in case green technological disposal processes are not introduced.
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Basu, Kohinoor. "Feasibility of an Integrated Thin Seam Coal Mining and Waste Disposal System." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9578.

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The depletion of more attractive thicker and easily accessible coal seams in the central Appalachia will direct attention towards the extraction of coal seams thinner than 28 in. This thesis investigates the feasibility of an integrated mining and backfilling system applicable to thin seams. Two conceptual mining systems, namely Auger mining and Self Advancing Miner, have been proposed for this purpose. Both these systems are designed to remotely mine coal from the seams. Several attempts were made in the past to mine coal in a similar fashion but were not very successful due to several problems inherent to thin seams. The lack of effective steering techniques, accurate coal/rock interface and pillar thickness detection techniques were the main shortcomings of the systems. These problems were addressed in the proposed conceptual mining systems. Several coal/rock interface and rib thickness detection techniques currently available in the market or in the prototype stage have been discussed. Recent developments in coal/rock interface detection and direction sensing techniques have good potential in alleviating the previously encountered problems. Sensitivity analyses have been performed to assess the of effect critical mining parameters on the production potential of these systems. The self advancing miner has been found to be more promising than auger mining. Conceptual panels and face layouts for both systems have been included. Two types of filling methods namely pneumatic and hydraulic are considered applicable under thin seam conditions. A backfilling technique using rubber hoses for fill placement can be applied with both methods. Sensitivity analysis have been performed to establish the relationship between face operation cost, filling cost per ton and development cost per foot. Resulting analyses indicate that panel cost per short ton of coal is more sensitive to filling cost than on development cost.
Master of Science
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Книги з теми "Coal gasification Waste disposal"

1

Skinner, F. Douglas. Steam stripping of fixed-bed gasification wastewaters. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Skinner, F. Douglas. Steam stripping of fixed-bed gasification wastewaters. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Skinner, F. Douglas. Steam stripping of fixed-bed gasification wastewaters. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Skinner, F. Douglas. Steam stripping of fixed-bed gasification wastewaters. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Skinner, F. Douglas. Steam stripping of fixed-bed gasification wastewaters. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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6

L, Aaranson Mel, American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Fuels Handling, Transportation, and Storage Technical Committee., and International Joint Power Generation Conference (1990 : Boston, Mass.), eds. Fuel strategies: Coal supply, dust control, and byproduct utilization : presented at the 1990 International Joint Power Generation Conference, Boston, Massachusetts, October 21-25, 1990. New York, N.Y: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990.

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7

Eklund, A. Gwen. Coal gasification environmental data summary: Solid wastes and by-product tars. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1986.

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Eklund, A. Gwen. Coal gasification environmental data summary: Solid wastes and by-product tars. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1986.

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9

Mills, Mary. The early East London gas industry and its waste products: How were they used? London: M. Wright, 1999.

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10

National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Coal Waste Impoundments. Coal waste impoundments: Risks, responses, and alternatives. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 2002.

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Частини книг з теми "Coal gasification Waste disposal"

1

Choudhry, Vas, and Steven R. Hadley. "Utilization of Coal Gasification Slag." In Clean Energy from Waste and Coal, 253–63. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0515.ch020.

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2

Indrawan, Natarianto, Ajay Kumar, and Sunil Kumar. "Recent Advances in Power Generation Through Biomass and Municipal Solid Waste Gasification." In Coal and Biomass Gasification, 369–401. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7335-9_15.

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Holley, Carl A. "Ash Utilization and Disposal." In Clean Energy from Waste and Coal, 242–52. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0515.ch019.

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4

Su, S., Y. G. Jin, X. X. Yu, and R. Worrall. "Preliminary Experimental Studies of Waste Coal Gasification." In Cleaner Combustion and Sustainable World, 719–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30445-3_99.

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5

Goyal, A., and A. Rehmat. "Fuel Evaluation for a Fluidized-Bed Gasification Process (U-GAS)." In Clean Energy from Waste and Coal, 58–71. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0515.ch005.

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Edye, L. A., G. N. Richards, and G. Zheng. "Transition Metals as Catalysts for Pyrolysis and Gasification of Biomass." In Clean Energy from Waste and Coal, 90–101. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0515.ch008.

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McMahon, Matthew A., and M. Rashid Khan. "Preparing Pumpable Mixtures of Sewage Sludge and Coal for Gasification." In Clean Energy from Waste and Coal, 157–71. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0515.ch013.

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8

Sharp, L. L., and R. O. Ness. "Gasification—Pyrolysis of Waste Plastics for the Production of Fuel-Grade Gas." In Clean Energy from Waste and Coal, 129–42. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0515.ch011.

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9

Das, Saikat, Abhijit Hazra, and Priyabrata Banerjee. "PCDD/PCDFs: A Burden from Hospital Waste Disposal Plant; Plasma Arc Gasification Is the Ultimate Solution for Its Mitigation." In Energy Recovery Processes from Wastes, 9–21. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9228-4_2.

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10

Adeyemi, Idowu A., and Isam Janajreh. "Detailed Kinetics-Based Entrained Flow Gasification Modeling of Utah Bituminous Coal and Waste Construction Wood Using Aspen Plus." In ICREGA’14 - Renewable Energy: Generation and Applications, 607–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05708-8_49.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Coal gasification Waste disposal"

1

Andre´, Rui Neto, Filomena Pinto, Carlos Franco, Celestino Tavares, Ma´rio Dias, I. Gulyurtlu, and I. Cabrita. "Co-Gasification Study and Optimisation of Coal, Biomass and Plastics Waste Mixtures." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30011.

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Анотація:
The continuous grow of world population has led to a substantial increase in energy demand. On the other hand, it has given rise to generating large amounts of wastes, which need to be disposed of without any damage to the environment. Such scenario has led to the idea of studying the application of gasification technology to mixtures of coal and wastes. The results obtained so far are encouraging, as they have shown that it is possible to co-gasify coal mixed with either pine or polyethylene wastes to values up to 40% (w/w) of wastes, being even possible to substitute one waste type by the other, whenever their availability are seasonal affected. However, the presence of PE wastes favoured the release of hydrocarbons, which may be reduced by either an increase in gasification temperature or in air flow.
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2

Reed, G. P., D. R. Dugwell, and R. Kandiyoti. "Modelling Trace Element Emissions in Co-Gasification of Sewage Sludge With Coal." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30672.

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Gasification has attracted considerable interest from water utilities as a sewage sludge disposal option, with the advantages of waste volume reduction, pathogen destruction and energy recovery. Co-gasification with coal in a larger plant (>10 MWt) employing a gas turbine for energy recovery may reduce the risk and cost of this option. However, controlling the release of trace elements such as Pb and Zn in the gas produced may be necessary to avoid corrosion, and to meet environmental requirements. A thermodynamic equilibrium model has been used to make predictions of the speciation of trace elements in the fuel gas from co-gasification of sewage sludge with coal. Experimental data from a pilot scale 2 MWt sewage sludge/coal co-gasification plant with a hot gas filter was used to test the validity of these predictions. No significant amount of Be, Co, Cu, V and Zn was predicted to be in the form of gaseous phase species, and this was confirmed by the experimental data. On the other hand, Hg and Se were predicted to be only present in gas phase species, and this was also confirmed experimentally. The elements As, B, Cd, Pb, Sb and Sn were all predicted to form a larger amount of gaseous species than was observed in the experimental measurements. Refinement of the predictions for As and B by inclusion of specific minor/trace element interactions with Ni and Ca respectively gave a better agreement with the experimental data. Whilst the experimentally-observed lowering of Pb emissions by reduction of the gas cleaning temperature from 580 °C to 450 °C was qualitatively predicted, the concentration of Pb in the fine dust removed by the hot gas filter indicates condensation at higher temperatures than predicted. The absence of thermodynamic data for the more complex minerals and adsorbed species that may be formed is thought to account for some of these differences.
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3

Wang, Hua, Fang He, Jianhang Hu, and Guirong Bao. "Experimental Research on Harmless Technology of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration With Direct Gasification and Ash Melting." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50337.

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A novel harmless MSW disposal, incineration technology with direct gasification and ash melting was developed, with experimental investigation. The technological process can be represented as: the pretreated MSW was put into an incinerator and incinerated in a molten bath under reduction atmosphere at a temperature range from 1300°C to 1500°C. In order to maintain the stability of the combustion process, it is needed to blast combustion-supporting coal powder from the bottom of the incinerator. Combustible gases were leaded and burned completely in a secondary swirled combustion chamber, and the heat was recycled and come into utilization. In some cases, molten slag and alloy were discharged from a same slag notch, and then they were quenched and separated each other. In other cases, melted slag and alloy were discharged from two different notches, and quenched in their own quenching pool. In both the former and the later case, the alloy was recycled and the melted slag can be used as construction materials in the same way. Experimental results form an industrial-scale pilot plant show that the investments of capital construction and running cost of this incineration system are only 65–85 percent of those of the similar types incinerator developed by western countries. It is necessary to point that 99.8 percent of dioxins involved in primary MSW were decomposed, and the dioxins content in exhausted gases and melted slag were lower than 0.01ng-TEQ/Nm3 and 0.0012ng-TEQ/g respectively.
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Green, Alex E. S., and Greg P. Schaefer. "What to Do With CO2." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0001.

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Indirectly heated gas liquid and char converters (IHGLCCs) are employed to investigate several means of using or sequestering CO2. As a gasification agent CO2 is used with IHGLCCs to substantially increase gaseous energy output for a given carbonaceous feedstock. IHGLCCs are also used for mild oxidation of coal and for mild pyrolysis of biomass to produce humate type soil amendments. These soil amendments can indirectly sequester CO2 by enhanced plant growth and the atmospheric scrubbing action of plants (photosynthesis-respiration). Results of attempts to convert coal-biomass blends into an activated charcoal that can scrub CO2 and also become useful soil organic carbon are inconclusive as yet but appear promising. Countries that must import oil or have agriculturally depleted lands need “omnivorous” feedstock converters to upgrade available domestic feedstock into fuels, chemicals and chars that serve their energy, agricultural and other needs. The results of exploratory research directed at applying IHGLCC forms of omnivorous feedstock converters to using or sequestering CO2 are reported. IHGLCC technology should also be useful in mitigating potential global greenhouse problems and CO2 and waste disposal problems on space missions.
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Annamalai, K., N. T. Carlin, H. Oh, G. Gordillo Ariza, B. Lawrence, U. Arcot V., J. M. Sweeten, K. Heflin, and W. L. Harman. "Thermo-Chemical Energy Conversion Using Supplementary Animal Wastes With Coal." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43386.

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Researchers at Texas A&M University have studied properties of cattle biomass (CB or manure) fuels and their possible utility in combustion systems. Larger, more concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO) and farms make manure disposal more difficult. At the same time, due to the concentration of the manure, the CAFOs can be a source of a more feasible and reliable CB feedstock for fossil fuel supplementation and emissions reduction technologies. This paper reviews the history of work conducted on animal biomass fuels and current research and experiments undertaken by Texas A&M University (TAMU) System research personnel. Feedlot biomass (FB), dairy biomass (DB), and chicken litter biomass (LB) are considered here. When cofiring with coal under rich conditions, the CB has the potential to reduce NOx and Hg emissions. Reburning coal with CB can be just as effective as and possibly more economical than reburning with conventional fuels like natural gas. In addition to cofiring and reburning, another possible energy conversion method is gasification of cattle biomass with air and air-steam oxidizing agents that can produce synthetic gases which can then be used in a variety of different combustion systems. The economic feasibility of utilizing animal-based biomass on existing coal-fired power plants is greatly dependent on the relative cost of coal, the biomass transportation distance to the combustion facility, and numerous other factors. Even though most of the methodologies and procedures, in this paper, deal with CB, similar schemes can be undertaken for most other animal or solid wastes.
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Green, Alex E. S., M. S. Sankar, and P. Venkatachalam. "Feedstock Blending of Domestic Fuels in Gasifier/Liquifiers." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30009.

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In early studies addressing national energy/environmental (EE) problems we concluded that co-utilization of domestic fuels can significantly reduce national reliance on imported fuels, mitigate NOx, SOx, CO2 and other undesirable emissions and provide valuable waste disposal services. Co-firing of coal and biomass for steam turbine power generation is a near-term co-utilization approach that can make use of existing facilities with relatively minor modifications. However, co-gasification by providing fuel for more efficient combustion turbines and fuel cells and co-liquification to produce transportation fuels have greater long-term EE potential. The development of optimum thermo-chemical co-conversion systems can be fostered by developing a common systematics for the pyrolysis of biomass and coal. Towards this goal we have used the large data bases from ASTM standard ultimate and proximate analyses for all fuels along natures coalification path from biomass to peat, lignite, bituminous and anthracite coal. With this composite data we find systematics in the weight percentages of carbon, hydrogen, total volatiles, fixed carbon and feedstock HHVs vs the weight percentage of oxygen. To meet the need for knowledge of the volatile constituents we have used sparsely available slow pyrolysis data in the literature and our own data to further develop a plausible semi-empirical model (SEM) that relates feedstock and product compositions. We here extend these analytic correlations to lower temperatures with the help of CCTL measurements of yields from the pyrolysis of rice hulls. We have recently applied this SEM to exam the systematic yields of a short list (SL) of products (five gases and five liquids) vs [O], the weight percentage of oxygen in the feedstock. Here anchored to the rice hull data we use our analytical relationships to estimate the yields of a long list (LL) of products including many organic compounds that are known to be slow pyrolysis products of coals and biomass. These relations are put forth as a heuristic challenge to ourselves and to specialists in biomass and coal pyrolysis to obtain more and better data and to seek improved engineering formulas that are needed to advanced co-utilization technology. Then energy debtor nations could utilize all of their available domestic fuels, including opportunity fuels, to mitigate their national EE problems. These preliminary results point to a path towards the development of a co-utilization science and technology for optimizing feedstock blends in many co-firing, co-gasifying or co-liquifying applications.
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Haupt, Guenther, John S. Joyce, and Konrad Kuenstle. "Combined Cycles Permit the Most Environmentally Benign Conversion of Fossil Fuels to Electricity." In ASME 1990 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/90-gt-367.

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The environmental impact of unfired combined-cycle blocks of the GUD® type is compared with that of equivalent reheat steam boiler/turbine units. The outstandingly high efficiency of GUD blocks not only conserves primary-energy resources, but also commensurately reduces undesirable emissions and unavoidable heat rejection to the surroundings. In addition to conventional gas or oil-fired GUD blocks, integrated coal-gasification combined-cycle (ICG-GUD) blocks are investigated from an ecological point of view so as to cover the whole range of available fossil fuels. For each fuel and corresponding type of GUD power plant the most appropriate conventional steam-generating unit of most modern design is selected for comparison purposes. In each case the relative environmental impact is stated in the form of quantified emissions, effluents and waste heat, as well as of useful byproducts and disposable solid wastes. GUD blocks possess the advantage that they allow primary measures to be taken to minimize the production of NOx and SOx, whereas both have to be removed from the flue gases of conventional steam stations by less effective and desirable, albeit more expensive secondary techniques, e.g. flue-gas desulfurization and DENOX systems. In particular, the comparison of CO2 release reveals a significantly lower contribution by GUD blocks to the greenhouse effect than by other fossil-fired power plants.
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Makled, A. H., and E. J. Grotke. "Plasma Arc Gasification for Solid Waste Disposal: Update on St. Lucie County, Florida Project." In 16th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec16-1901.

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Plasma arc gasification is an emerging technology for generation of renewable energy and other by-products from a variety of waste. This bold technology is under development in a number of locations around the world, although it is too early to fully know if the technology is technically feasible and economically viable on a truly heterogeneous municipal waste stream like that found in the U.S. Plasma arc technology in the United States in other applications dates back approximately 40 years when it was utilized by NASA to test heat shield materials for spacecraft. In 1989, plasma arc technology was used in an iron melting furnace in Defiance, Ohio (USA). Plasma arc gasification has been used in municipal solid waste destruction since 1999 in Japan for destruction of solid waste and automobile shredder residue. Plasma arc gasification heats waste materials to temperatures in excess of 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) to break the molecular bonds and gasify the materials. This liberates the energy potential of the waste materials and melts the residue to an inert, glass-like slag, which may be used as an aggregate in construction and manufacturing operations. If this market can be developed, it will significantly reduce the need for landfill disposal in the future. St. Lucie County, Florida (USA), is in the process of negotiating with a developer for the construction of a plasma arc gasification facility that will process 1,000 tons per day of municipal solid waste. The facility may be the first large scale solid waste plasma arc processing facility in the United States. Camp Dresser & McKee is assisting St. Lucie County to negotiate the agreements for this project. The project is expected to be privately financed, so the County will not be putting any money at risk. In this paper, we will describe the plasma arc technology, present its historical applications, and discuss the St. Lucie project from initial conception to its current status.
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Yanli, Huang, Zhang Jixiong, Liu Zhan, and Zhang Qiang. "Underground Backfilling Technology for Waste Dump Disposal in Coal Mining District." In 2010 International Conference on Digital Manufacturing and Automation (ICDMA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdma.2010.450.

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Chen lie, Cao Kang, Zhao Xueyi, Wang Xing, Pan Yue, and Wu Miao. "Integrated pipeline transport and disposal system for solid waste coal sludge." In International Technology and Innovation Conference 2006 (ITIC 2006). IEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20061161.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Coal gasification Waste disposal"

1

Blasing, T. J., R. L. Miller, and L. N. McCold. Potential effects of clean coal technologies on acid precipitation, greenhouse gases, and solid waste disposal. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10128275.

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2

Henghu Sun and Yuan Yao. Research and Development of a New Silica-Alumina Based Cementitious Material Largely Using Coal Refuse for Mine Backfill, Mine Sealing and Waste Disposal Stabilization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1048945.

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Salvaging Wood from Fallen Trees after Hurricanes Irma and Maria. USDA Caribbean Climate Hub, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6943414.ch.

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The USDA Caribbean Climate Hub and the State and Private Forestry Program of the International Institute of Tropical Forestry of the US Forest Service, held a workshop on November 21, 2017 where more than 80 people gathered to identify the opportunities and resources necessary to take advantage of the wood from fallen trees in Puerto Rico after hurricanes Irma and Maria. Due to the economic and cultural value of tropical timber species, economic activities can be created from the available posthurricane plant waste. Millions of fallen trees and branches can be processed to produce compost, mulch, coal and biofuels, or raw material for artisans and construction. There is also economic value in the handling of wood materials, the sale of tools and equipment for transporting and processing, and the sale of valuable wood products. In addition, many wood products store carbon indefinitely, mitigating the increase of CO² in the atmosphere. The main need identified during the discussion was the need to act quickly to avoid the burning and disposal of wood materials in landfills across the country.
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