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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "CO molecules"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "CO molecules"

1

Sun, Zhong-Fa, Marc C. van Hemert, Jérôme Loreau, Ad van der Avoird, Arthur G. Suits, and David H. Parker. "Molecular square dancing in CO-CO collisions." Science 369, no. 6501 (July 16, 2020): 307–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aan2729.

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Knowledge of rotational energy transfer (RET) involving carbon monoxide (CO) molecules is crucial for the interpretation of astrophysical data. As of now, our nearly perfect understanding of atom-molecule scattering shows that RET usually occurs by only a simple “bump” between partners. To advance molecular dynamics to the next step in complexity, we studied molecule-molecule scattering in great detail for collision between two CO molecules. Using advanced imaging methods and quasi-classical and fully quantum theory, we found that a synchronous movement can occur during CO-CO collisions, whereby a bump is followed by a move similar to a “do-si-do” in square dancing. This resulted in little angular deflection but high RET to both partners, a very unusual combination. The associated conditions suggest that this process can occur in other molecule-molecule systems.

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2

Magrashi, Maryam Ali, and Elham Shafik Aazam. "The co-crystal 4,6-diacetylresorcinol–1-aminopyrene (2/1)." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 78, no. 6 (May 31, 2022): 679–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989022005588.

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The structure of the title molecular complex, C16H11N·2C10H10O4, at 150 K has been determined. The molecules form stacks consisting of aggregates with disordered 1-aminopyrene molecule surrounded by two 4,6-diacetylresorcinol molecules. Neighbouring stacks are linked by hydrogen bonds between the amine H atoms of the 1-aminopyrene molecule with the adjacent carbonyl oxygen atom of the 4,6-diacetylresorcinol molecule.

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3

Birajdar, SS, JW Gaikwad, and DB Suryawanshi. "Microwave assisted co-operative dynamics and structural variations in chlorobenzene-acetonitrile solutions." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 57, no. 2 (June 26, 2022): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v57i2.60404.

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Molecular interactions between CBZ-ACN at 8.845 GHz of microwave frequency region confer structural behavior of molecules such that either monomers or multimers are present in the agreed binary mixtures. Effect of microwave frequency on molecular interactions and hydrogen bonding between C≡N (nitrile) molecule and Cl (chlorine) molecule of CBZ and ACN binary solutions has been studied using X-band microwave technique at 301ºK. Co-operative dynamics and hydrogen bonding between nitrile and chlorine group molecules has been thoroughly explicated thereby obtaining static dielectric constant, excess permittivity, Kirkwood correlation factor using Luzar model and Bruggeman factor. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 57(2), 85-90, 2022

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4

Lu, Xiaofeng, Jibin Sun, Shangxi Zhang, Longfei Ma, Lei Liu, Hui Qi, Yongliang Shao, and Xiangfeng Shao. "Donor–acceptor type co-crystals of arylthio-substituted tetrathiafulvalenes and fullerenes." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 11 (June 19, 2015): 1043–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.11.117.

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A series of donor–acceptor type co-crystals of fullerene (as the acceptor) and arylthio-substituted tetrathiafulvalene derivatives (Ar-S-TTF, as the donor) were prepared and their structural features were thoroughly investigated. The formation of co-crystals relies on the flexibility of Ar-S-TTF and the size matches between Ar-S-TTF and fullerene. Regarding their compositions, the studied co-crystals can be divided into two types, where types I and II have donor:acceptor ratios of 1:1 and 1:2, respectively. Multiple intermolecular interactions are observed between the donor and acceptor, which act to stabilize the structures of the resulting co-crystals. In the type I co-crystals, the fullerene molecule is surrounded by four Ar-S-TTF molecules, that is, two Ar-S-TTF molecules form a sandwich structure with one fullerene molecule and the other two Ar-S-TTF molecules interact with the fullerene molecule along their lateral axes. In the type II co-crystals, one fullerene molecule has the donor–acceptor mode similar to that in type I, whereas the other fullerene molecule is substantially surrounded by the aryl groups on Ar-S-TTF molecules and the solvent molecules.

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5

Rivera, Augusto, John Sadat-Bernal, Jaime Ríos-Motta, and Michael Bolte. "Co-Crystal with Unusual High Z′ and Z′′ Values Derived from Hexamethylenetetramine and 4-fluorophenol (1/1)." Crystals 9, no. 10 (October 10, 2019): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9100520.

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The title co-crystal, 1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane (HMTA, 1)–4-fluorophenol (4-FP) (1/1), C6H12N4·C6H5FO, shows an unusual asymmetric unit that comprises eight independent molecules (Z′′ = 8), four for each component, with four formula units per asymmetric unit (Z′ = 4). In the molecular packing, each HMTA molecule bridges one 4-FP molecule via an O−H···N hydrogen bond to form a two-molecule aggregate. Differences can be observed between the bond lengths and angles of the independent HMTA and 4-FP molecules and those of the molecules in the aggregate. The C−N bonds exhibit different bond lengths in the tetrahedral cage-like structure of the HMTA molecules, but the largest differences between the molecular aggregates are in the bond lengths in the 4-fluorophenol ring. In the crystal, the HMTA and 4-FP molecules form two hydrogen-bonded (O−H···N, C−H···F and C−H···O) dimers of HMTA and 4-FP molecules, A···D and B···C inversion dimers, which generate enlarged R88(34) ring motifs in both supramolecular structures. In both structures, the crystal packing also features additional C−H···F and C−H···O interactions. The A···D and B···C dimers are linked by additional C−H···F and C−H···O hydrogen bonds, forming columns along the a and b axes, respectively. The importance of the C−H···F interaction to the structure and crystal packing has been demonstrated.

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6

Davoodian, Negin, and Zahra Khoshbin. "Adsorption and diffusion of H2 and CO on UiO-66: A Monte Carlo simulation study." European Journal of Chemistry 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.11.3.217-222.2008.

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Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new class of nanoporous materials that have attracted much attention for the adsorption of small molecules, due to the large size of the cavities. In this study, we investigate the adsorption and diffusion of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) guest molecules to the UiO-66 framework, as one of the most widely used MOFs, by using Monte Carlo simulation method. The results prove that an increment in the temperature decreases the amount of the adsorbed H2 and CO on the UiO-66 framework. While an enhancement of the pressure increases the amount of the adsorbed H2 and CO on the UiO-66 framework. Besides, the adsorption of H2 and CO on UiO-66 is the type I isotherm. The calculated isosteric heat for CO/UiO-66 is slightly higher than that of H2/UiO-66. The means of square displacement (MSD) value is less for CO molecule; hence, the movement of the guest molecule within the host cavity slows down and the guest molecule travels a shorter distance over a period of time. The guest molecule with higher molecular mass possesses less mobility, and therefore, it will have less permeability.

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7

Zobi, Fabio. "CO and CO-releasing molecules in medicinal chemistry." Future Medicinal Chemistry 5, no. 2 (February 2013): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/fmc.12.196.

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8

Weng, Ze F., W. D. Sam Motherwell, Frank H. Allen, and Jacqueline M. Cole. "Conformational variability of molecules in different crystal environments: a database study." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 64, no. 3 (May 15, 2008): 348–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768108005442.

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A methodology is described for analysing the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) in terms of molecular conformations. Molecular species that have more than a single occurrence across the complete CSD are identified, either as the sole crystal component or co-crystallized with other components. Cluster analysis, based on a root-mean-square fit of coordinates and chemical connectivity, is performed to identify conformational variance for each molecule. Results are analysed in terms of the number of discrete conformations observed versus the number of crystal environments and number of acyclic torsion angles in the molecule. Special subsets of environments are also analysed, namely polymorphs, co-crystals and solvates. In general, conformational diversity increases with an increasing number of different crystal environments and with an increasing number of flexible torsion angles. Overall, molecules with one or more acyclic flexible torsion angle are observed to exist in more than one conformation in ca 40% of cases. There is evidence that solvated molecules exhibit more conformational flexibility on average, compared with polymorphs and co-crystals.

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9

Fan, Yan, та Zhi-Rong Qu. "Crystal structure of bis[2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-bromophenolato-κ2N3,O]cobalt(II)". Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 70, № 11 (11 жовтня 2014): m363—m364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536814021813.

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The asymmetric unit of the title CoIIcomplex, [Co(C13H8BrN2O)2], contains two independent molecules (AandB). In both molecules, the CoIIcation isN,O-chelated by two 2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-bromophenolate anions in a distorted tetrahedral geometry. In moleculeA, both chelating rings display an envelope conformation, with the flap Co atom lying 0.614 (6) and 0.483 (6) Å from the mean planes of the remaining atoms. In moleculeB, both chelating rings are approximately planar, the maximum deviations being 0.039 (4) and 0.076 (3) Å. In the crystal, molecules are linked by classical N—H...O hydrogen bonds and weak C—H...O and C—H...Br hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional supramolecular network. Extensive π–π stacking is observed between nearly parallel aromatic rings of adjacent molecules with centroid–centroid distances in the range 3.407 (3)–3.850 (4) Å.

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10

Carballo, Rosa, Emilia García-Martínez, Gumersindo Pereiras-Gabián та Ezequiel M. Vázquez-López. "Note: Synthesis of the Dinuclear Halogeno-Bridged Complexes [Re2(μ-X)2(CO)6(CH3CN)2], (X = Cl, Br)". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 58, № 10 (1 жовтня 2003): 1021–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2003-1014.

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Complexes [Re2(μ-X)2(CO)6(NCCH3)2] (X = Cl, Br) have been easily prepared in high yield by refluxing of fac- [ReX(CO)3(NCCH3)2] in toluene. The crystal and molecular structure of the bromine derivative have been determined by X-ray analysis. The molecule consists of two fac-Re(CO)3 fragments bridged by two bromine atoms. The acetonitrile molecules reside above and below the Re2Br2 plane.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "CO molecules"

1

Kästle, Ralf. "CO-laser photoacoustic spectroscopy of fatty acid molecules /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1995. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=11154.

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2

Vogel, Jörn-Oliver. "Co-deposited films of rod-like conjugated molecules." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15978.

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In dieser Arbeit wird die Phasenseparation und Mischung zwischen konjugierten Stäb-chenmolekülen in dünnen Filmen untersucht. Hauptaugenmerk liegt darauf zu ergrün-den welche molekularen Eigenschaften zu Mischung und/ oder Phasenseparation füh-ren. Mit den 5 Molekülen Pentacen (PEN), Quaterthiophen (4T), Sexithiophen (6T), p-Sexiphenylen (6P), alpha,omega-Dihexylsexithiophen (DH6T) werden Materialpaare zusammen gestellt, die sich in den Parametern „optische und elektrische Eigenschaf-ten“, „Länge des konjugierten Kerns“ und Alkylkettensubstitution unterscheiden. Alle Schichten werden mittels organischer Molekularstrahlabscheidung auf die Substrate Siliziumoxid und Mylar, einer PET Folie, simultan von zwei Quellen aufgedampft. Das Mischungsverhältnis wird mittels der individuellen Aufdampfraten eingestellt und eine Gesamtrate von 0.5 nm/min eingehalten. Es wird Phasenseparation für Materialpaare mit ungleicher konjugierter Kernlänge, z.B. [4T/6T], beobachtet. Erstaunlicherweise führt die Co-Verdampfung von Molekülpaaren mit ähnlicher konjugierter Kernlänge [4T/PEN] und [6T/6P] zu wohlgeordneten Fil-men, in denen die Moleküle in gemischten Lagen parallel zur Substratoberfläche auf-wachsen und die Längsachse der Moleküle fast senkrecht zur Substratoberfläche orien-tiert ist. Molekülpaare mit ähnlicher konjugierter Kernlänge und Alkylsubstitution [6T/DH6T] und [6P/DH6T] zeigten ebenfalls geordneten Schichten, wobei als Besonderheit eine lineare Abhängigkeit des Lagenabstandes vom DH6T-Gehalt zu beobachten ist. Dies wird mit einer Phasenseparation in eine aromatische und eine alkyl Domäne erklärt. Mit abnehmendem DH6T-Gehalt im Film ist die Alkyldomäne weniger dicht gepackt, was auf Grund der Flexibilität der Alkylketten zu einer Abnahme des gesamten Lagenab-standes führt. Die besonders geringe Oberflächenrauhigkeit und die miteinander verbundenen Inseln der [DH6T/6T] Filme prädestinieren sie zur Verwendung in Feldeffekttransistoren. Es wird gezeigt, dass es möglich ist, die Ladungsträgerdichte im Kanal durch Änderung des Verhältnisses zwischen DH6T und 6T so zu verändern, dass der Transistor im Verar-mungs- oder Anreicherungsregime betrieben werden kann. Dabei bleibt die Ladungsträ-germobilität auf gleich bleibend hohem Niveau. Dies entspricht dem Dotieren eines anorganischen Halbleiters.
This thesis is centered on studies of phase separation and mixing in co-deposited thin films of rod-like conjugated molecules. The main focus is to determine which molecular properties lead to phase separation and/or mixing of two materials. To address this question I used five materials, of importance in the context of “organic electronics”: pentacene (PEN), quaterthiophene (4T), sexithiophene (6T), p-sexiphenylene (6P), alpha,omega-dihexylsexithiophene (DH6T). With these it was possible to form material pairs which differ in the parameters: energy levels, length of the conjugated core, and alkyl-end-chain-substitution. All films were deposited by organic molecular beam deposition onto the chemically inert substrates silicon oxide and Mylar, a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foil. The material pairs were deposited simultaneously from two thermal sublima-tion sources. The mixing ratio was controlled by the individual deposition rates, which were measured online by a microbalance. The total deposition rate was 0.5 nm/min, and the film thicknesses ranged from 4 nm to 40 nm. Phase separation is observed for material pairs with dissimilar conjugated core sizes, i.e. [4T/6T]. Noteworthy, the co-deposition of material pairs with similarly sized conju-gated cores [4T/PEN] and [6T/6P] lead to well ordered layered structures. The mole-cules show mixing within layers on a molecular scale and the long molecular axis is ori-ented almost perpendicular to the substrate surface. Material pairs with similarly sized conjugated core and alkyl-end-chain-substitution [6T/DH6T] and [6P/DH6T] show also growth in mixed layered structures. An especially appealing fact is that the interlayer distance increases proportional to the DH6T content in the film. This can be explained with a phase separation into an aromatic and an alkyl domain vertically to the substrate surface. A decrease of the DH6T content in the film leads to a less dense packing in the alkyl domain. This leads, due to the flexibility of the alkyl chains, to a decrease of the overall interlayer distance. The low surface corrugation and the interconnected islands render the material pair [6T/DH6T] well suitable for the use as active layer in organic field effect transistors. It is shown that it is possible to tune the charge carrier density in the channel by changing the ratio between 6T and DH6T. This effect enables switching the transistor from en-hancement to depletion mode, while maintaining a high charge carrier mobility. This is comparable to p-type doping of inorganic semiconductors.

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3

Giffard, Dylan. "Synthesis, radiolabelling and pharmacological evaluation of CO-releasing molecules." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29497.

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The combatting of drug-resistant cancerous cell lines and strains of P. falciparum remain major global health problems to date, with hundreds of thousands of related deaths per annum. Early identification of solid tumours and infections, as well as the discovery of drugs with new mechanisms of action, are paramount in the fight against drug resistance. This study investigates the synthesis, characterisation and biological evaluation of new Mn(I) and Re(I) tricarbonyl metallodendrimers, in addition to the formation of a new 99mTc complex for use in diagnostic imaging. Two series of mono- and multimeric picolylamine ligands based on polyamine scaffolds were prepared. One series of ligands was functionalised with Re(I)- and Mn(I)-tricarbonyl moieties following the [2 + 1] approach, to form a series of cationic complexes. In addition, a second series of neutral bidentate (N,N) Mn(I) complexes were prepared. The ligands and complexes were characterised using a range of spectroscopic and analytical techniques, including 1H, 13C{1H}, and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The stability and CO-release properties of the Mn(I) complexes were investigated using UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. A decrease in the MLCT absorption band suggests the release of CO. CO-release was confirmed using a monomeric Mn(I) complex as a model using the myoglobin assay. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of the Re(I) complexes was investigated against three cancerous cell lines (A431, DLD-1 and A2780) and one non-tumourigenic cell line (BJ). The complexes displayed moderate to good activity, with all IC50 values in the low micromolar range. The tetranuclear complex displayed the highest efficacy against the tested cell lines (IC50 = 6 – 14 µM). Selectivity towards the cancerous cell lines was observed for the tri- and tetranuclear complexes, with higher IC50 values against the BJ cell line. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of the Mn(I) complexes was evaluated against two cancerous cell lines (A431 and A375). The tetranuclear [2 + 1] Mn(I) complex displayed the best activity against both of the tested cell lines. The [2 + 1] complexes displayed higher in vitro activity than their bidentate counterparts. The complexes were evaluated as in vitro antiplasmodial agents against chloroquine-sensitive (NF54) and chloroquine-resistant (K1) strains of P. falciparum. The [2 + 1] Mn(I) complexes displayed enhanced activity over their Re(I) analogues and their bidentate counterparts. The tetranuclear [2 + 1] Mn(I) complex displayed the best activity against the K1 strain (IC50 = 0.99 µM) and the best resistance index (RI = 0.263) of all the tested complexes. Irradiation of selected Mn(I) complexes during incubation with the K1 strain resulted in an almost two-fold increase in activity of the [2 + 1] Mn(I) complexes, but a decrease in activity of the bidentate Mn(I) complexes. Formation of the monomeric radiolabelled product was achieved by reacting 99mTc(bpy)(CO)3 with a monomeric ligand. The product was isolated using preparative HPLC, but the retention time did not match that of the Re(I) analogue, likely due to the difference in counterion. Radiolabelling of the multimeric ligands was unsuccessful.

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4

Kamenetzky, J., N. Rangwala, J. Glenn, P. R. Maloney, and A. Conley. "L '(CO)/L-FIR RELATIONS WITH CO ROTATIONAL LADDERS OF GALAXIES ACROSS THE HERSCHEL SPIRE ARCHIVE." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621957.

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We present a catalog of all CO (J = 4-3 through J = 13-12), [ C I], and [ N II] lines available from extragalactic spectra from the Herschel SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) archive combined with observations of the low-J CO lines from the literature and from the Arizona Radio Observatory. This work examines the relationships between L-FIR, L'(CO), and L-CO/L-CO,L-1-0. We also present a new method for estimating probability distribution functions from marginal signal-to-noise ratio Herschel FTS spectra, which takes into account the instrumental "ringing" and the resulting highly correlated nature of the spectra. The slopes of log(L-FIR) versus log (L'(CO)) are linear for all mid- to high-J CO lines and slightly sublinear if restricted to (ultra) luminous infrared galaxies ((U) LIRGs). The mid-to high-J CO luminosity relative to CO J - 1-0 increases with increasing L-FIR, indicating higher excitement of the molecular gas, although these ratios do not exceed similar to 180. For a given bin in L-FIR, the luminosities relative to CO J = 1-0 remain relatively flat from J = 6-5 through J = 13-12, across three orders of magnitude of L-FIR. A single component theoretical photodissociation region (PDR) model cannot match these flat SLED shapes, although combinations of PDR models with mechanical heating added qualitatively match the shapes, indicating the need for further comprehensive modeling of the excitation processes of warm molecular gas in nearby galaxies.

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5

Thielmann, Axel. "Co-tunneling current and shot noise in molecules and quantum dots." Karlsruhe : FZKA, 2005. http://bibliothek.fzk.de/zb/berichte/FZKA7167.pdf.

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6

Sakthivel, Priya. "Co-stimulatory molecules : genes to protein in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-425-9/.

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7

Davidge, Kelly S. "Effects of Carbon Monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) on Escherichia coli." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515442.

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8

Atkin, Anthony John. "Therapeutic metal (0)-containing CO- releasing molecules : mechanistic insight and bioapplications." Thesis, University of York, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556199.

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Анотація:

The administration of carbon monoxide (CO) to living systems has been found to elicit beneficial therapeutic responses in many different applications. In order to deliver CO safely and controllably at concentrations able to provide these positive effects, the use of carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) has been developed. This thesis details the discovery of new classes of metal(O)-containing organometallic CO-RMs, their ability to release CO and their therapeutic action. Hexacarbonyl(~l2-alkyne)dicobalt(O) complexes were highlighted as potential CO- RMs. By varying the substituents on the alkyne ligand, a range of CO-release rates in aqueous media were obtained. The amount of CO released from these CO-RMs was quantified by use of a myoglobin biochemical assay. Study into the solution behaviour of these CO-RMs in DMSO/water mixtures revealed the importance of a cobalt-cobalt disproportionation reaction and also the reactivity of amino acid residues on the release rate. A selection of the hexacarbonyl(μ2-alkyne)dicobalt(O) were tested against biological systems in order to assess their therapeutic potential. Experiments with murine macrophages revealed the toxicity, the effect on the cell viability and the anti- inflammatory effect elicited by these CO-RMs. Further studies demonstrated the ability of members of this class of CO-RMs to inhibit the growth of the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Studies on tricarbonyl(ή4-diene)iron(0) structures provided further successful CO- RMs when the diene ligand used was norbomadiene. In addition to this, tetracarbonyl(ή4-norbomadiene)chromium(O) and molybdenum(O) complexes also released CO in the myoglobin assay. Through substituent variation on the organic ligand it was found that the strength of the iron-diene bonds in the tricarbonyl(ή4- diene)iron(O) complexes was a significant factor in controlling the rate of CO-release from this class of CO-RM; complexes with weaker metal-diene bonds were generally faster CO-releasers.

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9

Sawle, Philip John. "Biochemical properties and bioactivities of carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445046/.

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Анотація:

Carbon monoxide (CO), synonymous of the "silent killer", is rapidly emerging as an important and versatile mediator of physiological processes. The study of CO has been hampered by the lack of a means to simulate its release biologically. Current means to replicate the effects of CO include, most notably, the use of CO gas and upregulation of haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) to generate endogenous CO. Both are limited in their approach and offer only a partial solution. The recent discovery that certain transition metal carbonyls function as CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) in biological systems highlighted the potential of exploiting this and similar classes of compounds as a stratagem to deliver CO for research and therapeutic purposes. Initially a large portfolio of CO-RMs was investigated to determine their CO releasing capability. This thesis examines a number of aspects related to the characterisation of a core group of CO-RMs including: a) CORM-3, the prototypic water soluble transition metal carbonyl b) CORM-A1, a water soluble CO-RM without a metal centre c) CORM-319, an iron based water soluble CO-RM and d) CORM-311, an ethanol soluble iron centred CO-RM. Specifically, the study will examine CO-RMs for their ability to: i) release CO ii) suppress LPS-induced nitrite production iii) promote toxicity iv) induce haem oxygenase (HO) activity and HO-1 expression and v) modulate inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. These different aspects of CO-RM characterisation were addressed using biochemical, molecular biology and cell culture techniques. Further work was also carried out determining certain chemical aspects of each CO-RM including the decomposition rate and pH/temperature stability. The study into the CO release of the new CO-RMs emphasizes the versatile potential of the metal carbonyl complexes and related compounds. This research on CO-RMs will help lay the foundations for a novel therapeutic agent based on the delivery of safe and controlled quantities of CO.

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10

Liao, Kristine. "Calorimetry study of the adsorption of diatomic molecules on Co{110}." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610142.

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Книги з теми "CO molecules"

1

Azuma, Miyuki, and Hideo Yagita, eds. Co-signal Molecules in T Cell Activation. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9717-3.

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2

Sikanyika, Harrison. The synthesis and co-ordination chemistry of redox-active macrocyclic receptor molecules. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1989.

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3

Symposium, International Astronomical Union. CO, twenty-five years of millimeter-wave spectroscopy: Poster presentations, IAU Symposium 170, 29 May-2 June 1995, Tucson, Arizona. [Tucson, Ariz: National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 1997.

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4

Symposium, International Astronomical Union. CO: Twenty-five years of millimeter-wave spectroscopy : proceedings of the 170th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union, held in Tucson, Arizona, May 29-June 5, 1995. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997.

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5

Symposium, International Astronomical Union. CO, twenty-five years of millimeter-wave spectroscopy: Proceedings of the 170th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union, held in Tucson, Arizona, May 29-June 5, 1995. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.

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6

L, Blatch Gregory, ed. Networking of chaperones by co-chaperones. Austin, Tex: Landes Bioscience/Eurekah.com, 2007.

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7

Borysow, Aleksandra. Modeling of collision induced absorption spectra of CO₂-CO₂ pairs for planetary atmosphere of Venus. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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8

Borysow, Aleksandra. Modeling of collision induced absorption spectra of CO₂-CO₂ pairs for planetary atmosphere of Venus. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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9

Allen, MacKnight, Rose Susan, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Enhanced molecular sieve CO₂ removal evaluation: Final report ... contract NASW-5033. Torrance, [Calif.]: AlliedSignal Aerospace, Aerospace Equipment Systems, 1996.

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10

G, Hardarson, Broughton William, FAO/IAEA Co-ordinated Research Programme, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture. Soil and Water Management & Crop Nutrition Section., and FAO/IAEA Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratory. Soil Science Unit., eds. Molecular microbial ecology of the soil: Results from an FAO/IAEA Co-ordinated Research Programme, 1992-1996. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.

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Частини книг з теми "CO molecules"

1

Hökfelt, Tomas. "Coexistence of Neuromessenger Molecules -- A Perspective." In Co-Existence and Co-Release of Classical Neurotransmitters, 1–13. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09622-3_1.

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2

Saito, Takashi. "Molecular Dynamics of Co-signal Molecules in T-Cell Activation." In Co-signal Molecules in T Cell Activation, 135–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9717-3_5.

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3

Ogawa, Shuhei, and Ryo Abe. "Signal Transduction Via Co-stimulatory and Co-inhibitory Receptors." In Co-signal Molecules in T Cell Activation, 85–133. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9717-3_4.

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4

Paolieri, Francesca, Giampaola Pesce, Claudia Salmaso, Paola Montagna, and Marcello Bagnasco. "Co-Stimulatory Molecules in Graves’ Disease." In Endocrine Updates, 95–105. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4407-4_7.

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5

Nakajima, Masao, and Koji Tamada. "Cancer Immunotherapy Targeting Co-signal Molecules." In Co-signal Molecules in T Cell Activation, 313–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9717-3_11.

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6

Kivisäkk, Pia, and Samia J. Khoury. "Co-signaling Molecules in Neurological Diseases." In Co-signal Molecules in T Cell Activation, 233–65. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9717-3_9.

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7

Azuma, Miyuki. "Co-signal Molecules in T-Cell Activation." In Co-signal Molecules in T Cell Activation, 3–23. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9717-3_1.

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8

Germain, Aurèle, Marta Corno, and Piero Ugliengo. "Computing Binding Energies of Interstellar Molecules by Semiempirical Quantum Methods: Comparison Between DFT and GFN2 on Crystalline Ice." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2021, 632–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86976-2_43.

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AbstractInterstellar Grains (IGs) spread in the Interstellar Medium (ISM) host a multitude of chemical reactions that could lead to the production of interstellar Complex Organic Molecules (iCOMs), relevant in the context of prebiotic chemistry. These IGs are composed of a silicate-based core covered by several layers of amorphous water ice, known as a grain mantle. Molecules from the ISM gas-phase can be adsorbed at the grain surfaces, diffuse and react to give iCOMs and ultimately desorbed back to the gas phase. Thus, the study of the Binding Energy (BE) of these molecules at the water ice grain surface is important to understand the molecular composition of the ISM and its evolution in time. In this paper, we propose to use a recently developed semiempirical quantum approach, named GFN-xTB, and more precisely the GFN2 method, to compute the BE of several molecular species at the crystalline water ice slab model. This method is very cheap in term of computing power and time and was already showed in a previous work to be very accurate with small water clusters. To support our proposition, we decided to use, as a benchmark, the recent work published by some of us in which a crystalline model of proton-ordered water ice (P-ice) was adopted to predict the BEs of 21 molecules relevant in the ISM. The relatively good results obtained confirm GFN2 as the method of choice to model adsorption processes occurring at the icy grains in the ISM. The only notable exception was for the CO molecule, in which both structure and BE are badly predicted by GFN2, a real pity due to the relevance of CO in astrochemistry.

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9

Nagai, Shigenori, and Miyuki Azuma. "The CD28–B7 Family of Co-signaling Molecules." In Co-signal Molecules in T Cell Activation, 25–51. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9717-3_2.

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10

So, Takanori, and Naoto Ishii. "The TNF–TNFR Family of Co-signal Molecules." In Co-signal Molecules in T Cell Activation, 53–84. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9717-3_3.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "CO molecules"

1

Kodama, Yutaka, and Heihachi Sato. "Effect of Molecular Sieve on Transient Output-Reduction and Laser Parameters in DC Discharged /Room Temperature Operated FAF CO Laser." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cthj5.

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The output power tends to transiently decrease with discharge time in a dc electrically pumped fast axial-flow (FAF) CO laser. This output reduction is mainly caused by both the temperature rise of gas mixture and deactivation of the excited CO molecule due to its dissociation into CO2 and O2 molecules.1 Especially, the latter seems to be predominant in the room temperature operated FAF CO laser system. The gas temperature rise due to the discharge can be compensated by fast gas-circulation through a heat exchanger along with either ethanol/dry ice coolants (or liquid nitrogen at subroom temperature operation) , whereas the CO2 molecules generated through the discharge process cannot be avoided at room temperature operation, though, it is well trapped with a cold trap of liquid nitrogen. Thus, we shall try to recover the output reduction transiently induced above by adsorbing the generated CO2 molecules by molecular sieve for the room temperature operation together with theoretical explanation. In addition, we shall also examine how the laser parameters such as the small-signal gain γ0.v saturation intensity Is and a measure of partial homogeneity m are influenced with insertion of molecular sieve.

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2

Schröder, H., B. Rager, and K. L. Kompa. "Surface Interaction of Electronically Excited Molecules." In Microphysics of Surfaces, Beams, and Adsorbates. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/msba.1987.mb5.

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We have experimentally studied the survival probability of electronically excited molecules in collisions with solid surfaces. The molecular beam was produced by a pulsed nozzle. A fast ion gauge, a QMS, a pyroelectric foil (bolometer) and special light collecting optics were utilized as diagnostic tools. The QMS and the light detector could be rotated around the scattering center, thus allowing for angularly resolved measurements. Scattering from the foil directly revealed the free energy change involved in the scattering process. The molecules tested were Ni(CO)4 and SO2. XeCl laser (308 nm) excitation of Ni(CO)4 yields the electronically excited fragment Ni ( CO ) 3 * with unit efficiency. The radiative lifetime of Ni ( CO ) 3 * is =17μs, that of SO2 is > 55 μs for XeCl laser excitation. A long lifetime is essential for the experimental purpose because the excited portion of the beam must be monitored over a sufficiently long distance in front of and behind the scattering centre.

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3

Harris, C. B., D. J. Russell, K. E. Schultz, and J. Z. Zhang. "Energy redistribution in molecules on the femtosecond timescale." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.fj1.

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Liquid phase energy transfer has been studied in a range of molecules of varying complexity, providing a unique opportunity to compare various systems in solution. These systems include the recombination and relaxation of molecular iodine, the effect of solvent on the vibrational cooling of azulene, and the partitioning of energy in metal carbonyl fragments upon photodissociation. The iodine and azulene work, although performed in identical conditions, displays startling differences. The vibrational relaxation of molecular iodine is strongly dependent on solvent density and temperature, as predicted by isolated binary collision theories.1 The azulene relaxation rate is not strongly solvent dependent, yet it vibrationally relaxes much faster than molecular iodine.2 The vibrational cooling of Mn2(CO)10 photofragments occurs along two different pathways.3 Mn2(CO)9 relaxes through the CO stretch as well as through low frequency vibrational modes, while Mn(CO)5 relaxes only through low frequency modes, on a time scale similar to that seen in azulene. Thus IVR does not rapidly redistribute the excess energy in Mn2(CO)9 as it does in Mn(CO)5 and azulene.

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4

Ionin, Andrei A., Yurii M. Klimachev, Yuri B. Konev, Andrei A. Kotkov, Alexander K. Kurnosov, Anatoly P. Napartovich, Leonid V. Seleznev, Dmitrii V. Sinitsyn, and Yu V. Terekhov. "Multiquantum vibrational exchange in vibration-excited CO molecules." In XIII International Symposium on Gas Flow and Chemical Lasers and High-Power Laser Conference. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.414057.

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5

Hellner, L., G. Dujardin, T. Hirayama, L. Philippe, M. J. Ramage, G. Comtet, and M. Rose. "Photodesorption from CO ices." In The 50th international meeting of physical chemistry: Molecules and grains in space. AIP, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.46634.

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6

Buldakov, Michail A., and Victor N. Cherepanov. "Dipole moment functions of the CO and NO molecules." In SPIE Proceedings, edited by Gennadii G. Matvienko and Georgii M. Krekov. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.548207.

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7

Daftarian, Pirouz M., Marybeth George, Eden Kleiman, Wushouer Ouerkaxi, Amy Yamamura, Zhongliang Li, Mingfa Zang, et al. "Abstract 4124: Expressions of co-inhibitory / co-stimulatory molecules may impact immune checkpoint therapies." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-4124.

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8

Daftarian, Pirouz M., Marybeth George, Eden Kleiman, Wushouer Ouerkaxi, Amy Yamamura, Zhongliang Li, Mingfa Zang, et al. "Abstract 4124: Expressions of co-inhibitory / co-stimulatory molecules may impact immune checkpoint therapies." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-4124.

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9

Tom, Harry W. K., Judith A. Prybyla, and Gary D. Aumiller. "Observation of the Laser-Induced Desorption of CO from Cu(111) with 100 Femtosecond Time-Resolution." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1992.fd5.

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The most promising aspects of ultrafast investigations of chemical systems are the possibility of resolving reactions on the time-scale of bond-formation and bond-breaking and of understanding the microscopic dynamical processes that drive reactions. For molecules adsorbed on solid surfaces, the relevant time-scale is 100 fsec: this time is short enough to resolve molecular bond changes as well as the transfer of energy between the electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom in the substrate and substrate-adsorbate complex. We have used 100 fsec time-resolved second-harmonic generation to probe the departure of adsorbed CO molecules from a Cu(111) surface after the surface is irradiated with a 100 fsec, 2 eV laser pump pulse. The desorption event is >90% completed within the first 325 fsec after the pump pulse. In contrast to techniques that measure the properties of desorbed molecules,[1] SHG allows us to probe the adsorbed molecules and in principle to directly measure the reaction time. Here, the reaction time is so short that we can identify the dynamical processes that drive this reaction. All conventional mechanisms (thermal and direct photochemical) are ruled out and a novel mechanism is proposed. We believe hot electrons, produced by 100 fsec excitation of the substrate, excite the adsorbate electronic state several times during the CO-metal stretch period and cooperatively pump the CO-metal stretch into high enough states to desorb the CO.

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10

Tarhini, Ahmad, Dale Hedges, Aik Choon Tan, Paulo Rodriguez, Vineeth Sukrithan, Aakrosh Ratan, Martin McCarter, et al. "1147 Differences in co-expression of T cell co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory molecules with PD1 across different human cancers." In SITC 37th Annual Meeting (SITC 2022) Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2022-sitc2022.1147.

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Звіти організацій з теми "CO molecules"

1

Ford, Peter C. Studies Relevent to Catalytic Activation Co & other small Molecules. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/839381.

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2

Davidson, Irit, Hsing-Jien Kung, and Richard L. Witter. Molecular Interactions between Herpes and Retroviruses in Dually Infected Chickens and Turkeys. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7575275.bard.

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Tumors in commercial poultry are caused mainly by infection with avian herpes and retroviruses, the herpesvirus Marek's disease virus (MDV) and the retroviruses, reticuloendotheliosis (REV), lymphoid leukosis, subgroups A-I and J (ALV and ALV-J) in chickens, or Iymphoprolipherative disease (LPDV) in turkeys. Infection with one virus aggravates the clinical outcome of birds that are already infected by another oncogenic virus. As these viruses do not interfere for infection, MDV and one or more retroviruses can infect the same flock, the same bird and the same cell. While infecting the same cell, herpes and retroviruses might interact in at least three ways: a) Integration of retrovirus genomes, or genomic fragments (mainly the LTR) into MDV;b) alteration of LTR-driven expression of retroviral genes by MDV immediate- early genes, and c) by herpesvirus induced cellular transcriptional factors. The first type of molecular interaction have been demonstrated to happen efficiently in vitro by Dr. Kung, in cases multiple infection of cell cultures with MDV and REV or MDV and ALV. Moreover, Dr. Witter showed that an in vitro-created recombinant, RM1, had altered in vitro replication and in vivo biological properties. A more comprehensive characterization of RM1 was carried out in the present project. We sought to highlight whether events of such integrations occur also in the bird, in vivo. For that, we had first to determine the prevalence of dually-infected individual birds in commercial flocks, as no systematic survey has been yet reported. Surprisingly, about 25% of the commercial flocks infected with avian oncogenic viruses had a multiple virus infection and 5% of the total samples ana lysed had multiple virus sequences. Then, we aimed to evaluate and characterize biologically and molecularly the resulting recombinants, if formed, and to analyse the factors that affect these events (virus strains, type and age of birds and time interval between the infection with both viruses). The perception of retrovirus insertions into herpesviruses in vivo is not banal, as the in vivo and in vitro systems differ in the viral-target cells, lymphocytes or fibroblasts, in the MDV-replicative type, transforming or productive, and the immune system presence. We realized that previous methods employed to study in vitro created recombinant viruses were not adequate for the study of samples taken directly from the bird. Therefore, the Hot Spot-combined PCR was developed based on the molecularly known RM1 virus. Also, the PFGE that was used for tissue cultured-MDV separation was inefficient for separating MDV from organs, but useful with feather tips as a source of bird original MDV. Much attention was dedicated now to feathers, because if a recombinant virus would be formed in vivo, its biological significance would be evident by horizontal dissemination through the feathers. Major findings were: a) not only in vitro, but also in vivo MDV and retrovirus co-infections lead to LTR integrations into MDV. That was shown by the detection of chimeric molecules. These appeared in low quantities and as quasispecies, thus interfering with sequence analysis of cloned gel-purified chimeric molecules. Mainly inserts were located in the repeat long MDV fragments. In field birds chimeric molecules were detected at a lower frequency (2.5%) than in experimentally infected birds (30-50%). These could be transmitted experimentally to another birds by inoculation with chimeric molecules containing blood. Several types of chimeric molecules were formed, and same types were detected in birds infected by a second round. To reproduce viral integrations, in vivo infection trials were done with field inoculate that contained both viruses, but the chimeric molecule yield was undetectable.

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3

Ogletree, D. F. Extending the range of low energy electron diffraction (LEED) surface structure determination: Co-adsorbed molecules, incommensurate overlayers and alloy surface order studied by new video and electron counting LEED techniques. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6062638.

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4

Tam, Simon, and Mario Fajardo. CO/pH2: A Molecular Thermometer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada408709.

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5

Sessa, Guido, and Gregory Martin. role of FLS3 and BSK830 in pattern-triggered immunity in tomato. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604270.bard.

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Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) located on the plant cell surface initiate immune responses by perceiving conserved pathogen molecules known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). PRRs typically function in multiprotein complexes that include transmembrane and cytoplasmickinases and contribute to the initiation and signaling of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). An important challenge is to identify molecular components of PRR complexes and downstream signaling pathways, and to understand the molecular mechanisms that mediate their function. In research activities supported by BARD-4931, we studied the role of the FLAGELLIN SENSING 3 (FLS3) PRR in the response of tomato leaves to flagellin-derivedPAMPs and PTI. In addition, we investigated molecular properties of the tomato brassinosteroid signaling kinase 830 (BSK830) that physically interacts with FLS3 and is a candidate for acting in the FLS3 signaling pathway. Our investigation refers to the proposal original objectives that were to: 1) Investigate the role of FLS3 and its interacting proteins in PTI; 2) Investigate the role of BSK830 in PTI; 3) Examine molecular and phosphorylation dynamics of the FLS3-BSK830 interaction; 4) Examine the possible interaction of FLS3 and BSK830 with Pstand Xcveffectors. We used CRISPR/Cas9 techniques to develop plants carrying single or combined mutations in the FLS3 gene and in the paralogsFLS2.1 and FLS2.2 genes, which encode the receptor FLAGELLIN SENSING2 (FLS2), and analyzed their function in PTI. Domain swapping analysis of the FLS2 and FLS3 receptors revealed domains of the proteins responsible for PAMP detection and for the different ROS response initiated by flgII-28/FLS3 as compared to flg22/FLS2. In addition, in vitro kinase assays and point mutations analysis identified FLS2 and FLS3 domains required for kinase activity and ATP binding. In research activities on tomato BSK830, we found that it interacts with PRRs and with the co-receptor SERK3A and PAMP treatment affects part of these interactions. CRISPR/Cas9 bsk830 mutant plants displayed enhanced pathogen susceptibility and reduced ROS production upon PAMP treatment. In addition, BSK830 interacted with 8 Xanthomonastype III secreted effectors. Follow up analysis revealed that among these effectors XopAE is part of an operon, is translocated into plant cells, and displays E3 ubiquitinligase activity. Our investigation was also extended to other Arabidopsis and tomato BSK family members. Arabidopsis BSK5 localized to the plant cell periphery, interacted with receptor-like kinases, and it was phosphorylatedin vitro by the PEPR1 and EFRPRRs. bsk5 mutant plants displayed enhanced susceptibility to pathogens and were impaired in several, but not all, PAMP-induced responses. Conversely, BSK5 overexpression conferred enhanced disease resistance and caused stronger PTI responses. Genetic complementation suggested that proper localization, kinase activity, and phosphorylation by PRRs are critical for BSK5 function. BSK7 and BSK8 specifically interacted with the FLS2 PRR, their respective mutant plants were more susceptible to B. cinereaand displayed reduced flg22-induced responses. The tomato BSK Mai1 was found to interact with the M3KMAPKKK, which is involved in activation of cell death associated with effector-triggered immunity. Silencing of Mai1 in N. benthamianaplants compromised cell death induced by a specific class of immune receptors. In addition, co-expression of Mai1 and M3Kin leaves enhanced MAPKphosphorylation and cell death, suggesting that Mai1 acts as a molecular link between pathogen recognition and MAPK signaling. Finally, We identified the PP2C phosphatase Pic1 that acts as a negative regulator of PTI by interacting with and dephosphorylating the receptor-like cytoplasmickinase Pti1, which is a positive regulator of plant immunity. The results of this investigation shed new light on the molecular characteristics and interactions of components of the immune system of crop plants providing new knowledge and tools for development of novel strategies for disease control.

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Fillerup, Eric, Zhonghua Zhang, Emanuela Peduzzi, Dongxiang Wang, Jiahua Guo, Xiaoliang Ma, Xiaoxing Wang, and Chunshan Song. CO{sub 2} Capture from Flue Gas Using Solid Molecular Basket Sorbents. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1084482.

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7

Sadka, Avi, Mikeal L. Roose, and Yair Erner. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Citric Acid Accumulation in Citrus Fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7573071.bard.

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The acid content of the juice sac cells is a major determinant of maturity and fruit quality in citrus. Many citrus varieties accumulate acid in concentrations that exceed market desires, reducing grower income and consumer satisfaction. Pulp acidity is thought to be dependent on two mechanisms: the accumulation of citric acid in the vacuoles of the juice sac cells, and acidification of the vacuole. The major aim of the project was to direct effort toward understanding the mechanism of citric acid accumulation in the fruit. The following objectives were suggested: Measure the activity of enzymes likely to be involved in acid accumulation and follow their pattern of expression in developing fruit (Sadka, Erner). Identify and clone genes which are associated with high and low acid phenotypes and with elevated acid level (Roose, Sadka, Erner). Convert RAPD markers that map near a gene that causes low acid phenotype to specific co dominant markers (Roose). Use genetic co segregation to test whether specific gene products are responsible for low acid phenotype (Roose and Sadka). Objective 1 was fully achieved. Most of the enzymes of organic acid metabolism were cloned from lemon pulp. Their expression was studied during fruit development in low and high acid varieties. The activity and expression of citrate synthase, aconitase and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) were studied in detail. The role that each enzyme plays in acid accumulation and decline was evaluated. As a result, a better understanding of the metabolic changes that contribute to acid accumulation was achieved. It was found that the activity of the mitochondrial aconitase is greatly reduced early in high-acid fruits, but not in acidless ones, suggesting that this enzyme plays an important role in acid accumulation. In addition, it was demonstrated that increases in the cytosolic forms of aconitase and NADP-IDH towards fruit maturation play probably a major role in acid decline. Our studies also demonstrated that the two mechanisms that contribute to fruit acidity, vacuolar acidification and citric acid accumulation, are independent, although they are tightly co-regulated. Additional, we demonstrated that sodium arsenite, which reduce fruit acidity, causes a transient inhibition in the activity of citrate synthase, but an induction in the gene expression. This part of the work has resulted in 4 papers. Objective 3 was also fully achieved. Using bulked segregant analysis, three random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were identified as linked to acitric, a gene controlling the acidless phenotype of pummelo 2240. One of them, which mapped 1.2 cM from acitric was converted into sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR marker, and into co dominant restriction length polymorphism (RFLP) marker. These markers were highly polymorphic among 59 citrus accessions, and therefore, they should be useful for selecting seedling progeny heterozygous for acitric in nearly all crosses between pummelo 2240 and other citrus genotypes. This part of the project resulted in one paper. Objective 4 was also fully achieved. Clones isolated by the Israeli group were sent to the American laboratory for co segregation analysis. However, none of them seemed to co segregate with the low acid phenotype. Both laboratories invested much effort in achieving the goals of Objective 2, namely the isolation of genes that are elevated in expression in low and high acid phenotypes, and in tissue cultures treated with arsenite (a treatment which reduces fruit acidity). However, conventional differential display and restriction fragment differential display analyses could not identify any differentially expressed genes. The isolation of such genes was the major aim of a continuation project, which was recently submitted.

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Feau, Clementine. Novel Small Molecule Antagonists of the Interaction of the Androgen Receptor and Transcriptional Co-regulators. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada481241.

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9

Avni, Adi, and Gitta L. Coaker. Proteomic investigation of a tomato receptor like protein recognizing fungal pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600030.bard.

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Maximizing food production with minimal negative effects on the environment remains a long-term challenge for sustainable food production. Microbial pathogens cause devastating diseases, minimizing crop losses by controlling plant diseases can contribute significantly to this goal. All plants possess an innate immune system that is activated after recognition of microbial-derived molecules. The fungal protein Eix induces defense responses in tomato and tobacco. Plants recognize Eix through a leucine-rich-repeat receptor- like-protein (LRR-RLP) termed LeEix. Despite the knowledge obtained from studies on tomato, relatively little is known about signaling initiated by RLP-type immune receptors. The focus of this grant proposal is to generate a foundational understanding of how the tomato xylanase receptor LeEix2 signals to confer defense responses. LeEix2 recognition results in pattern triggered immunity (PTI). The grant has two main aims: (1) Isolate the LeEix2 protein complex in an active and resting state; (2) Examine the biological function of the identified proteins in relation to LeEix2 signaling upon perception of the xylanase elicitor Eix. We used two separate approaches to isolate receptor interacting proteins. Transgenic tomato plants expressing LeEix2 fused to the GFP tag were used to identify complex components at a resting and activated state. LeEix2 complexes were purified by mass spectrometry and associated proteins identified by mass spectrometry. We identified novel proteins that interact with LeEix receptor by proteomics analysis. We identified two dynamin related proteins (DRPs), a coiled coil – nucleotide binding site leucine rich repeat (SlNRC4a) protein. In the second approach we used the split ubiquitin yeast two hybrid (Y2H) screen system to identified receptor-like protein kinase At5g24010-like (SlRLK-like) (Solyc01g094920.2.1) as an interactor of LeEIX2. We examined the role of SlNRC4a in plant immunity. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrates that SlNRC4a is able to associate with different PRRs. Physiological assays with specific elicitors revealed that SlNRC4a generally alters PRR-mediated responses. SlNRC4a overexpression enhances defense responses while silencing SlNRC4 reduces plant immunity. We propose that SlNRC4a acts as a non-canonical positive regulator of immunity mediated by diverse PRRs. Thus, SlNRC4a could link both intracellular and extracellular immune perception. SlDRP2A localizes at the plasma membrane. Overexpression of SlDRP2A increases the sub-population of LeEIX2 inVHAa1 endosomes, and enhances LeEIX2- and FLS2-mediated defense. The effect of SlDRP2A on induction of plant immunity highlights the importance of endomembrane components and endocytosis in signal propagation during plant immune . The interaction of LeEIX2 with SlRLK-like was verified using co- immunoprecipitation and a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay. The defence responses induced by EIX were markedly reduced when SlRLK-like was over-expressed, and mutation of slrlk-likeusing CRISPR/Cas9 increased EIX- induced ethylene production and SlACSgene expression in tomato. Co-expression of SlRLK-like with different RLPs and RLKs led to their degradation, apparently through an endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation process. We provided new knowledge and expertise relevant to expression of specific be exploited to enhance immunity in crops enabling the development of novel environmentally friendly disease control strategies.

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Fajardo, Mario E., and Simom Tam. High Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy in Doped Parahydrogen (pH2) Solids: CO/pH2 -- a Molecular Thermometer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada381421.

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