Готові списки джерел за темами / Cloud aerosol

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Cloud aerosol"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Cloud aerosol"

1

Wang, P., O. N. E. Tuinder, L. G. Tilstra, M. de Graaf, and P. Stammes. "Interpretation of FRESCO cloud retrievals in case of absorbing aerosol events." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 19 (October 4, 2012): 9057–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9057-2012.

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Анотація:
Abstract. Cloud and aerosol information is needed in trace gas retrievals from satellite measurements. The Fast REtrieval Scheme for Clouds from the Oxygen A band (FRESCO) cloud algorithm employs reflectance spectra of the O2 A band around 760 nm to derive cloud pressure and effective cloud fraction. In general, clouds contribute more to the O2 A band reflectance than aerosols. Therefore, the FRESCO algorithm does not correct for aerosol effects in the retrievals and attributes the retrieved cloud information entirely to the presence of clouds, and not to aerosols. For events with high aerosol loading, aerosols may have a dominant effect, especially for almost cloud free scenes. We have analysed FRESCO cloud data and Absorbing Aerosol Index (AAI) data from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME-2) instrument on the Metop-A satellite for events with typical absorbing aerosol types, such as volcanic ash, desert dust and smoke. We find that the FRESCO effective cloud fractions are correlated with the AAI data for these absorbing aerosol events and that the FRESCO cloud pressure contains information on aerosol layer pressure. For cloud free scenes, the derived FRESCO cloud pressure is close to the aerosol layer pressure, especially for optically thick aerosol layers. For cloudy scenes, if the strongly absorbing aerosols are located above the clouds, then the retrieved FRESCO cloud pressure may represent the height of the aerosol layer rather than the height of the clouds. Combining FRESCO and AAI data, an estimate for the aerosol layer pressure can be given.
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2

Wang, P., O. N. E. Tuinder, L. G. Tilstra, and P. Stammes. "Interpretation of FRESCO cloud retrievals in case of absorbing aerosol events." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 12 (December 12, 2011): 32685–721. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-32685-2011.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Abstract. Cloud and aerosol information is needed in trace gas retrievals from satellite measurements. The Fast REtrieval Scheme for Clouds from the Oxygen A band (FRESCO) cloud algorithm employs reflectance spectra of the O2 A band around 760 nm to derive cloud pressure and effective cloud fraction. In general, clouds contribute more to the O2 A band reflectance than aerosols. Therefore, the FRESCO algorithm does not correct for aerosol effects in the retrievals and attributes the retrieved cloud information entirely to the presence of clouds, and not to aerosols. For events with high aerosol loading, aerosols may have a dominant effect, especially for almost cloud-free scenes. We have analysed FRESCO cloud data and Absorbing Aerosol Index (AAI) data from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME-2) instrument on the Metop-A satellite for events with typical absorbing aerosol types, such as volcanic ash, desert dust and smoke. We find that the FRESCO effective cloud fractions are correlated with the AAI data for these absorbing aerosol events and that the FRESCO cloud pressures contain information on aerosol layer pressure. For cloud-free scenes, the derived FRESCO cloud pressures are close to those of the aerosol layer for optically thick aerosols. For cloudy scenes, if the strongly absorbing aerosols are located above the clouds, then the retrieved FRESCO cloud pressures may represent the height of the aerosol layer rather than the height of the clouds. Combining FRESCO cloud data and AAI, an estimate for the aerosol layer pressure can be given, which can be beneficial for aviation safety and operations in case of e.g. volcanic ash plumes.
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3

Luffarelli, Marta, Yves Govaerts, and Lucio Franceschini. "Aerosol Optical Thickness Retrieval in Presence of Cloud: Application to S3A/SLSTR Observations." Atmosphere 13, no. 5 (April 26, 2022): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050691.

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Анотація:
The Combined Inversion of Surface and AeRosols (CISAR) algorithm for the joint retrieval of surface and aerosol single scattering properties has been further developed in order to extend the retrieval to clouds and overcome the need for an external cloud mask. Pixels located in the transition zone between pure cloud and pure aerosol are often discarded by both aerosol and cloud algorithms, despite being essential for studying aerosol–cloud interactions, which still represent the largest source of uncertainty in climate predictions. The proposed approach aims at filling this gap and deepening the understanding of aerosol properties in cloudy environments. The new CISAR version is applied to Sentinel-3A/SLSTR observations and evaluated against different satellite products and ground measurements. The spatial coverage is greatly improved with respect to algorithms processing only pixels flagged as clear sky by the SLSTR cloud mask. The continuous retrieval of aerosol properties without any safety zone around clouds opens new possibilities for studying aerosol properties in cloudy environments.
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4

Luffarelli, Marta, Yves Govaerts, and Lucio Franceschini. "Aerosol Optical Thickness Retrieval in Presence of Cloud: Application to S3A/SLSTR Observations." Atmosphere 13, no. 5 (April 26, 2022): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050691.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
The Combined Inversion of Surface and AeRosols (CISAR) algorithm for the joint retrieval of surface and aerosol single scattering properties has been further developed in order to extend the retrieval to clouds and overcome the need for an external cloud mask. Pixels located in the transition zone between pure cloud and pure aerosol are often discarded by both aerosol and cloud algorithms, despite being essential for studying aerosol–cloud interactions, which still represent the largest source of uncertainty in climate predictions. The proposed approach aims at filling this gap and deepening the understanding of aerosol properties in cloudy environments. The new CISAR version is applied to Sentinel-3A/SLSTR observations and evaluated against different satellite products and ground measurements. The spatial coverage is greatly improved with respect to algorithms processing only pixels flagged as clear sky by the SLSTR cloud mask. The continuous retrieval of aerosol properties without any safety zone around clouds opens new possibilities for studying aerosol properties in cloudy environments.
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5

Myhre, Gunnar, Bjørn H. Samset, Christian W. Mohr, Kari Alterskjær, Yves Balkanski, Nicolas Bellouin, Mian Chin, et al. "Cloudy-sky contributions to the direct aerosol effect." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 14 (July 27, 2020): 8855–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8855-2020.

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Анотація:
Abstract. The radiative forcing of the aerosol–radiation interaction can be decomposed into clear-sky and cloudy-sky portions. Two sets of multi-model simulations within Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models (AeroCom), combined with observational methods, and the time evolution of aerosol emissions over the industrial era show that the contribution from cloudy-sky regions is likely weak. A mean of the simulations considered is 0.01±0.1 W m−2. Multivariate data analysis of results from AeroCom Phase II shows that many factors influence the strength of the cloudy-sky contribution to the forcing of the aerosol–radiation interaction. Overall, single-scattering albedo of anthropogenic aerosols and the interaction of aerosols with the short-wave cloud radiative effects are found to be important factors. A more dedicated focus on the contribution from the cloud-free and cloud-covered sky fraction, respectively, to the aerosol–radiation interaction will benefit the quantification of the radiative forcing and its uncertainty range.
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6

Torres, Omar, Hiren Jethva, and P. K. Bhartia. "Retrieval of Aerosol Optical Depth above Clouds from OMI Observations: Sensitivity Analysis and Case Studies." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, no. 3 (March 1, 2012): 1037–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-0130.1.

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Анотація:
Abstract A large fraction of the atmospheric aerosol load reaching the free troposphere is frequently located above low clouds. Most commonly observed aerosols above clouds are carbonaceous particles generally associated with biomass burning and boreal forest fires, and mineral aerosols originating in arid and semiarid regions and transported across large distances, often above clouds. Because these aerosols absorb solar radiation, their role in the radiative transfer balance of the earth–atmosphere system is especially important. The generally negative (cooling) top-of-the-atmosphere direct effect of absorbing aerosols may turn into warming when the light-absorbing particles are located above clouds. The actual effect depends on the aerosol load and the single scattering albedo, and on the geometric cloud fraction. In spite of its potential significance, the role of aerosols above clouds is not adequately accounted for in the assessment of aerosol radiative forcing effects due to the lack of measurements. This paper discusses the basis of a simple technique that uses near-UV observations to simultaneously derive the optical depth of both the aerosol layer and the underlying cloud for overcast conditions. The two-parameter retrieval method described here makes use of the UV aerosol index and reflectance measurements at 388 nm. A detailed sensitivity analysis indicates that the measured radiances depend mainly on the aerosol absorption exponent and aerosol–cloud separation. The technique was applied to above-cloud aerosol events over the southern Atlantic Ocean, yielding realistic results as indicated by indirect evaluation methods. An error analysis indicates that for typical overcast cloudy conditions and aerosol loads, the aerosol optical depth can be retrieved with an accuracy of approximately 54% whereas the cloud optical depth can be derived within 17% of the true value.
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7

Zamora, Lauren M., Ralph A. Kahn, Sabine Eckhardt, Allison McComiskey, Patricia Sawamura, Richard Moore, and Andreas Stohl. "Aerosol indirect effects on the nighttime Arctic Ocean surface from thin, predominantly liquid clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 12 (June 20, 2017): 7311–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7311-2017.

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Анотація:
Abstract. Aerosol indirect effects have potentially large impacts on the Arctic Ocean surface energy budget, but model estimates of regional-scale aerosol indirect effects are highly uncertain and poorly validated by observations. Here we demonstrate a new way to quantitatively estimate aerosol indirect effects on a regional scale from remote sensing observations. In this study, we focus on nighttime, optically thin, predominantly liquid clouds. The method is based on differences in cloud physical and microphysical characteristics in carefully selected clean, average, and aerosol-impacted conditions. The cloud subset of focus covers just ∼ 5 % of cloudy Arctic Ocean regions, warming the Arctic Ocean surface by ∼ 1–1.4 W m−2 regionally during polar night. However, within this cloud subset, aerosol and cloud conditions can be determined with high confidence using CALIPSO and CloudSat data and model output. This cloud subset is generally susceptible to aerosols, with a polar nighttime estimated maximum regionally integrated indirect cooling effect of ∼ −0.11 W m−2 at the Arctic sea ice surface (∼ 8 % of the clean background cloud effect), excluding cloud fraction changes. Aerosol presence is related to reduced precipitation, cloud thickness, and radar reflectivity, and in some cases, an increased likelihood of cloud presence in the liquid phase. These observations are inconsistent with a glaciation indirect effect and are consistent with either a deactivation effect or less-efficient secondary ice formation related to smaller liquid cloud droplets. However, this cloud subset shows large differences in surface and meteorological forcing in shallow and higher-altitude clouds and between sea ice and open-ocean regions. For example, optically thin, predominantly liquid clouds are much more likely to overlay another cloud over the open ocean, which may reduce aerosol indirect effects on the surface. Also, shallow clouds over open ocean do not appear to respond to aerosols as strongly as clouds over stratified sea ice environments, indicating a larger influence of meteorological forcing over aerosol microphysics in these types of clouds over the rapidly changing Arctic Ocean.
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8

Várnai, Tamás, and Alexander Marshak. "Analysis of Near-Cloud Changes in Atmospheric Aerosols Using Satellite Observations and Global Model Simulations." Remote Sensing 13, no. 6 (March 17, 2021): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13061151.

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Анотація:
This paper examines cloud-related variations of atmospheric aerosols that occur in partly cloudy regions containing low-altitude clouds. The goal is to better understand aerosol behaviors and to help better represent the radiative effects of aerosols on climate. For this, the paper presents a statistical analysis of a multi-month global dataset that combines data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) satellite instruments with data from the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) global reanalysis. Among other findings, the results reveal that near-cloud enhancements in lidar backscatter (closely related to aerosol optical depth) are larger (1) over land than ocean by 35%, (2) near optically thicker clouds by substantial amounts, (3) for sea salt than for other aerosol types, with the difference from dust reaching 50%. Finally, the study found that mean lidar backscatter is higher near clouds not because of large-scale variations in meteorological conditions, but because of local processes associated with individual clouds. The results help improve our understanding of aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions and our ability to represent them in climate models and other atmospheric models.
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9

Xue, Huiwen, and Graham Feingold. "Large-Eddy Simulations of Trade Wind Cumuli: Investigation of Aerosol Indirect Effects." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 63, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 1605–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3706.1.

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Анотація:
Abstract The effects of aerosol on warm trade cumulus clouds are investigated using a large-eddy simulation with size-resolved cloud microphysics. It is shown that, as expected, increases in aerosols cause a reduction in precipitation and an increase in the cloud-averaged liquid water path (LWP). However, for the case under study, cloud fraction, cloud size, cloud-top height, and depth decrease in response to increasing aerosol concentration, contrary to accepted hypotheses associated with the second aerosol indirect effect. It is found that the complex responses of clouds to aerosols are determined by competing effects of precipitation and droplet evaporation associated with entrainment. As aerosol concentration increases, precipitation suppression tends to maintain the clouds and lead to higher cloud LWP, whereas cloud droplets become smaller and evaporate more readily, which tends to dissipate the clouds and leads to lower cloud fraction, cloud size, and depth. An additional set of experiments with higher surface latent heat flux, and hence higher LWP and drizzle rate, was also performed. Changes in cloud properties due to aerosols have the same trends as in the base runs, although the magnitudes of the changes are larger. Evidence for significant stabilization (or destabilization) of the subcloud layer due to drizzle is not found, mainly because drizzling clouds cover only a small fraction of the domain. It is suggested that cloud fraction may only increase with increasing aerosol loading for larger clouds that are less susceptible to entrainment and evaporation. Finally, it is noted that at any given aerosol concentration the dynamical variability in bulk cloud parameters such as LWP tends to be larger than the aerosol-induced changes in these parameters, indicating that the second aerosol indirect effect may be hard to measure in this cloud type. The variability in cloud optical depth is, however, dominated by changes in aerosol, rather than dynamics.
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10

Koren, I., L. Oreopoulos, G. Feingold, L. A. Remer, and O. Altaratz. "How small is a small cloud?" Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 2 (March 28, 2008): 6379–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-6379-2008.

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Анотація:
Abstract. The interplay between clouds and aerosols and their contribution to the radiation budget is one of the largest uncertainties of climate change. Most work to date has separated cloudy and cloud-free areas in order to evaluate the individual radiative forcing of aerosols, clouds, and aerosol effects on clouds. Here we examine the size distribution and the optical properties of small, sparse cumulus clouds and the associated optical properties of what is considered a cloud-free atmosphere within the cloud field. We show that any separation between clouds and cloud free atmosphere will incur errors in the calculated radiative forcing. The nature of small cumulus cloud size distributions suggests that at any resolution, a significant fraction of the clouds are missed, and their optical properties are relegated to the apparent cloud-free optical properties. At the same time, the cloudy portion incorporates significant contribution from non-cloudy pixels. We show that the largest contribution to the total cloud reflectance comes from the smallest clouds and that the spatial resolution changes the apparent energy flux of a broken cloudy scene. When changing the resolution from 30 m to 1 km (Landsat to MODIS) the average "cloud-free" reflectance at 1.65 μm increases more than 25%, the cloud reflectance decreases by half, and the cloud coverage doubles, resulting in an important impact on climate forcing estimations. The apparent aerosol forcing is on the order of 0.5 to 1 Wm−2 per cloud field.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Cloud aerosol"

1

Grandey, Benjamin Stephen. "Investigating aerosol-cloud interactions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8b48c02b-3d43-4b04-ae55-d9885960103d.

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Анотація:
Microphysical and dynamical interactions between aerosols and clouds are associated with some of the largest uncertainties in projections of future climate. Many possible aerosol effects on clouds have been suggested, but large uncertainties remain. In order to improve model projections of future climate, it is essential that we improve our quantitative understanding of anthropogenic aerosol effects. Several studies investigating interactions between satellite-observed aerosol and cloud properties have been published in recent years. However, the observed relationships are not necessarily due to aerosol effects on clouds. They may be due to cloud and precipitation effects on aerosol, meteorological covariation, observational data errors or methodological errors. An analysis of methodological errors arising through climatological spatial gradients is performed. For region sizes larger than 4°×4°, commonly used in the literature, spurious spatial variations in retrieved cloud and aerosol properties are found to introduce widespread significant errors to calculations of aerosol-cloud relationships. Small scale analysis prior to error-weighted aggregation to larger region sizes is recommended. Appropriate ways of quantifying relationships between aerosol optical depth (τ) and cloud properties are considered, and results are presented for three satellite datasets. There is much disagreement in observed relationships between τ and liquid cloud droplet number concentration and between τ and liquid cloud droplet effective radius, particularly over land. However, all three satellite datasets are in agreement about strong positive relationships between τ and cloud top height and between τ and cloud fraction (f_c). Using reanalysis τ data, which are less affected by retrieval artifacts, it is suggested that a large part of the observed f_c-τ signal may be due to cloud contamination of τ. General circulation model simulations further demonstrate that positive f_c-τ relationships may primarily arise due to covariation with relative humidity, and that negative f_c-τ relationships may arise due to scavenging of aerosol by precipitation. A new method of investigating the contribution of meteorological covariation to the observed relationships is introduced. Extratropical cyclone storm-centric composites of retrieved aerosol and cloud properties are investigated. A storm-centric description of the synoptics is found to be capable of explaining spurious f_c-τ relationships, although the spurious relationships explained are considerably smaller than observed relationships.
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2

Gryspeerdt, Edward. "Aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3d1210b0-2ada-403c-8fdf-2bef1724fcd8.

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Анотація:
Aerosols are thought to have a large effect on the climate, especially through their interactions with clouds. The magnitude and in some cases the sign of aerosol effects on cloud and precipitation are highly uncertain. Part of the uncertainty comes from the multiple competing effects that aerosols have been proposed to have on cloud properties. In addition, covariation of clouds and aerosol properties with changing meteorological conditions has the ability to generate spurious correlations between cloud and aerosol properties. This work presents a new way to investigate aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions while accounting for the influence of meteorology on cloud and aerosol. The clouds are separated into cloud regimes, which have similar retrieved cloud properties, to investigate the regime dependence of aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions. The strong aerosol optical depth (AOD)- cloud fraction (CF) correlation is shown to have the ability to generate spurious correlations. The AOD-CF correlation is accounted for by investigating the frequency of transitions between cloud regimes in different aerosol environments. This time-dependent analysis is also extended to investigate the development of precipitation from each of the regimes as a function of their aerosol environment. A modification of the regime transition frequencies consistent with an increase in stratocumulus persistence over ocean is found with increasing AI (aerosol index). Increases in transitions into the deep convective regime and in the precipitation rate consistent with an aerosol invigoration effect are also found over land. Comparisons to model output suggest that a large fraction of the observed effect on the stratocumulus persistence may be due to aerosol indirect effects. The model is not able to reproduce the observed effects on convective cloud, most likely due to the lack of parametrised effects of aerosol on convection. The magnitude of these effects is considerably smaller than correlations found by previous studies, emphasising the importance of meteorological covariation on observed aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions.
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3

Duong, Hanh To. "Studies of Organic Aerosol and Aerosol-Cloud Interactions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311585.

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Анотація:
Atmospheric aerosols can influence society and the environment in many ways including altering the planet's energy budget, the hydrologic cycle, and public health. However, the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change indicates that the anthropogenic radiative forcing associated with aerosol effects on clouds has the highest uncertainty in the future climate predictions. This thesis focuses on the nature of the organic fraction of ambient particles and how particles interact with clouds using a combination of tools including aircraft and ground measurements, models, and satellite data. Fine aerosol particles typically contain between 20 - 90% organic matter by mass and a major component of this fraction includes water soluble organic carbon (WSOC). Consequently, water-soluble organic species can strongly influence aerosol water-uptake and optical properties. However, the chemical composition of this fraction is not well-understood. PILS-TOC was used to characterize WSOC in ambient aerosol in Los Angeles, California. The spatial distribution of WSOC was found to be influenced by (i) a wide range of aerosol sources within this urban metropolitan area, (ii) transport of pollutants by the characteristic daytime sea breeze trajectory, (iii) topography, and (iv) secondary production during transport. Meteorology is linked with the strength of many of these various processes. Many methods and instruments have been used to study aerosol-cloud interactions. Each observational platform is characterized by different temporal/spatial resolutions and operational principles, and thus there are disagreements between different studies for the magnitude of mathematical constructs used to represent the strength of aerosol-cloud interactions. This work points to the sensitivity of the magnitude of aerosol-cloud interactions to cloud lifetime and spatial resolution of measurements and model simulations. Failure to account for above-cloud aerosol layers and wet scavenging are also shown to cause biases in the magnitude of aerosol-cloud interaction metrics. Air mass source origin and meteorology are also shown to be important factors that influence aerosol-cloud interactions. The results from this work contribute towards a better understanding of atmospheric aerosols and are meant to improve parameterizations that can be embedded in models that treat aerosol affects on clouds, precipitation, air quality, and public health.
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4

Hsieh, Wei-Chun. "Representing droplet size distribution and cloud processes in aerosol-cloud-climate interaction studies." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29619.

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Анотація:
Thesis (Ph.D)--Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Athanasios Nenes; Committee Member: Andrew G. Stack; Committee Member: Irina N. Sokolik; Committee Member: Judith A. Curry; Committee Member: Mike Bergin; Committee Member: Rodney J. Weber. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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5

Barahona, Donifan. "On the representation of aerosol-cloud interactions in atmospheric models." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41169.

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Анотація:
Anthropogenic atmospheric aerosols (suspended particulate matter) can modify the radiative balance (and climate) of the Earth by altering the properties and global distribution of clouds. Current climate models however cannot adequately account for many important aspects of these aerosol-cloud interactions, ultimately leading to a large uncertainty in the estimation of the magnitude of the effect of aerosols on climate. This thesis focuses on the development of physically-based descriptions of aerosol-cloud processes in climate models that help to address some of such predictive uncertainty. It includes the formulation of a new analytical parameterization for the formation of ice clouds, and the inclusion of the effects of mixing and kinetic limitations in existing liquid cloud parameterizations. The parameterizations are analytical solutions to the cloud ice and water particle nucleation problem, developed within a framework that considers the mass and energy balances associated with the freezing and droplet activation of aerosol particles. The new frameworks explicitly account for the impact of cloud formation dynamics, the aerosol size and composition, and the dominant freezing mechanism (homogeneous vs. heterogeneous) on the ice crystal and droplet concentration and size distribution. Application of the new parameterizations is demonstrated in the NASA Global Modeling Initiative atmospheric and chemical and transport model to study the effect of aerosol emissions on the global distribution of ice crystal concentration, and, the effect of entrainment during cloud droplet activation on the global cloud radiative properties. The ice cloud formation framework is also used within a parcel ensemble model to understand the microphysical structure of cirrus clouds at very low temperature. The frameworks developed in this work provide an efficient, yet rigorous, representation of cloud formation processes from precursor aerosol. They are suitable for the study of the effect of anthropogenic aerosol emissions on cloud formation, and can contribute to the improvement of the predictive ability of atmospheric models and to the understanding of the impact of human activities on climate.
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6

Rosenfeld, Daniel, Meinrat O. Andreae, Ari Asmi, Mian Chin, Leeuw Gerrit de, David P. Donovan, Ralph Kahn, et al. "Global observations of aerosol-cloud-precipitation-climate interactions: Global observations of aerosol-cloud-precipitation-climateinteractions." American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2014. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13459.

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Анотація:
Cloud drop condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN) particles determine to a large extent cloud microstructure and, consequently, cloud albedo and the dynamic response of clouds to aerosol-induced changes to precipitation. This can modify the reflected solar radiation and the thermal radiation emitted to space. Measurements of tropospheric CCN and IN over large areas have not been possible and can be only roughly approximated from satellite-sensor-based estimates of optical properties of aerosols. Our lack of ability to measure both CCN and cloud updrafts precludes disentangling the effects ofmeteorology fromthose of aerosols and represents the largest component in our uncertainty in anthropogenic climate forcing.Ways to improve the retrieval accuracy include multiangle and multipolarimetric passive measurements of the optical signal and multispectral lidar polarimetric measurements. Indirect methods include proxies of trace gases, as retrieved by hyperspectral sensors. Perhaps the most promising emerging direction is retrieving the CCN properties by simultaneously retrieving convective cloud drop number concentrations and updraft speeds, which amounts to using clouds as natural CCN chambers. These satellite observations have to be constrained by in situ observations of aerosol-cloud-precipitation-climate (ACPC) interactions, which in turn constrain a hierarchy of model simulations of ACPC. Since the essence of a general circulation model is an accurate quantification of the energy and mass fluxes in all forms between the surface, atmosphere and outer space, a route to progress is proposed here in the form of a series of box flux closure experiments in the various climate regimes. A roadmap is provided for quantifying the ACPC interactions and thereby reducing the uncertainty in anthropogenic climate forcing.
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7

Pringle, Kirsty Jane. "Aerosol - cloud interactions in a global model of aerosol microphysics." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431991.

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8

Partridge, Daniel. "Inverse Modeling of Cloud – Aerosol Interactions." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad miljövetenskap (ITM), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-60454.

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Анотація:
The role of aerosols and clouds is one of the largest sources of uncertainty in understanding climate change. The primary scientific goal of this thesis is to improve the understanding of cloud-aerosol interactions by applying inverse modeling using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation. Through a set of synthetic tests using a pseudo-adiabatic cloud parcel model, it is shown that a self adaptive MCMC algorithm can efficiently find the correct optimal values of meteorological and aerosol physiochemical parameters for a specified droplet size distribution and determine the global sensitivity of these parameters. For an updraft velocity of 0.3 m s-1, a shift towards an increase in the relative importance of chemistry compared to the accumulation mode number concentration is shown to exist somewhere between marine (~75 cm-3) and rural continental (~450 cm-3) aerosol regimes. Examination of in-situ measurements from the Marine Stratus/Stratocumulus Experiment (MASE II) shows that for air masses with higher number concentrations of accumulation mode (Dp = 60-120 nm) particles (~450 cm-3), an accurate simulation of the measured droplet size distribution requires an accurate representation of the particle chemistry. The chemistry is relatively more important than the accumulation mode particle number concentration, and similar in importance to the particle mean radius. This result is somewhat at odds with current theory that suggests chemistry can be ignored in all except for the most polluted environments. Under anthropogenic influence, we must consider particle chemistry also in marine environments that may be deemed relatively clean. The MCMC algorithm can successfully reproduce the observed marine stratocumulus droplet size distributions. However, optimising towards the broadness of the measured droplet size distribution resulted in a discrepancy between the updraft velocity, and mean radius/geometric standard deviation of the accumulation mode. This suggests that we are missing a dynamical process in the pseudo-adiabatic cloud parcel model.
At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Submitted. Paper 4: Manuscript.
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9

Zhong, Weiguo. "Characteristics of the Pinatubo aerosol cloud." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290573.

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Optical depths at visible and infrared wavelengths obtained in Tucson, Arizona before and after the Pinatubo eruption in June 1991 have been used to investigate the characteristics of the stratospheric aerosols due to the Pinatubo eruption. The intrusion of the Pinatubo aerosols over Tucson first occurred on July 26, 1991 when the spectral optical depth values rose to two to four times their normal values. In general, there was a pattern of increase between June 1991 and April 1992, and a gradual decrease after April 1992. The stratospheric Pinatubo aerosol in April 1992 was characterized by a typical columnar total number density on the order of 8.78 x 106 in the size range of 0.2-0.7 μm. The total number density decreased to the order of 9.28 x 105 by April 1994. Simulations of the size distribution using a simple polydisperse coagulation and fallout model showed that both of the processes played a very important role in the evolution and transport of the particles in the interval from April 1992 to March 1993. A strong seasonal variation was observed in the aerosol optical depth data. The values are higher in the winter and spring and lower in the summer and fall. This variation is explained by more effective transport of particles from the tropics poleward in the winter and spring than in the summer and fall. We also observed that there was a reduction in stratospheric ozone associated with the Pinatubo aerosols, possibly because of the extra sites available for heterogeneous chemical reactions. The reduction was more noticeable in the spring and summer than in other seasons. The magnitude of the ozone reduction was in a good agreement with other studies.
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10

Deaconu, Lucia-Timea. "Study on multi-layer "aerosol" situations and of "aerosol-cloud" interactions." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10165.

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Анотація:
Le premier objectif de cette étude est d’analyser la cohérence entre les restitutions d’aérosols au-dessus des nuages (AAC) réalisées à partir de mesures spatiales passive et active. Nous avons considéré la méthode basée sur les mesures polarisées de POLDER, la méthode développée pour le lidar spatial CALIOP et la méthode basée sur le rapport de dépolarisation CALIOP (DRM), pour laquelle nous proposons une version calibrée. Nos analyses régionale et pluriannuelle globale mettent en évidence un bon accord statistique entre les restitutions DRM et POLDER AOT (R2=0,68 - échelle globale), qui donne confiance dans notre capacité à mesurer les propriétés de l'AAC. Des différences se produisent lors du contact entre les couches d'aérosols et de nuages. La méthode opérationnelle de CALIOP sous-estime l’AOT, comparé aux deux autres méthodes. Le second objectif est d'étudier l'impact des aérosols sur les propriétés des nuages et leur forçage radiatif, sur l'océan Atlantique Sud. Nous avons considéré une synergie entre les restitutions CALIOP et POLDER avec des paramètres météorologiques colocalisés. Nous réalisons des calculs de transfert radiatif dans les domaines visible et infrarouge, et analysons l'effet de la charge en aérosol sur les propriétés des nuages et la météorologie. Nous avons trouvé que les aérosols et le contenu en vapeur d’eau pourraient impacter la convection des nuages. Nos résultats montrent que sous de fortes charges de AAC, les nuages deviennent optiquement plus épais, avec une augmentation du contenu en eau liquide de 20 g.m-2 et des altitudes plus basses du sommet du nuage (~200 m); indiquant un potentiel effet semi-direct des aérosols au-dessus des nuages
One of the main objectives of this study is to analyze the consistency between the aerosol above clouds (AAC) retrievals from passive and active satellite measurements. We consider the method based on the passive polarization measurements provided by the POLDER instrument, the operational method developed for the space borne lidar CALIOP, and the CALIOP-based depolarization ratio method (DRM), for which we also propose a calibrated version. We perform a regional analysis and a global multi-annual analysis to provide robust statistics results. Our findings show good agreement between DRM and POLDER AOT retrievals (R2=0.68 at global scale). This result gives confidence in our ability to measure the properties of AAC. Differences occur when the aerosol and cloud layers are in contact. CALIOP operational method is largely underestimating the above cloud AOT, compared to the other two methods.The second objective is to study the impact of aerosols on the cloud properties and their radiative forcing, over the South Atlantic Ocean. We perform a synergy between CALIOP vertical profiles and POLDER retrievals, with collocated meteorological parameters. We performed radiative transfer calculations in the short- and longwave domains, and analyzed the effect of aerosol loading on the cloud properties and meteorology. We found that aerosols and water vapor effects could impact the cloud convection. Our results show that under large loads of AACs, clouds become optically thicker, with an increase in liquid water path of 20 g.m-2 and their cloud top altitudes are lower by 200 m, which may indicate a potential semi-direct effect of aerosols above clouds
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Книги з теми "Cloud aerosol"

1

1936-, Hobbs Peter Victor, ed. Aerosol--cloud--climate interactions. San Diego: Academic Press, 1993.

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2

Wang, Yuan. Aerosol-Cloud Interactions from Urban, Regional, to Global Scales. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47175-3.

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3

Workshop on Ion-Aerosol-Cloud Interactions (2001 Geneva, Switzerland). Workshop on Ion-Aerosol-Cloud Interactions: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 18-20 April 2001 : proceedings. Edited by Kirkby J and European Organization for Nuclear Research. Geneva, Switzerland: CERN, 2001.

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4

Vienna), International Conference on Atmospheric Aerosols and Nucleation (12th 1988 University of. Atmospheric aerosols and nucleation: Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Atmospheric Aerosols and Nucleation, held at the University of Vienna, Austria, August 22-27, 1988. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.

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5

Stancliffe, J. D. The effects of cloud processing on the atmospheric aerosol spectrum. Manchester: UMIST, 1993.

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6

Sinclair, Kenneth Allan. Polarimetric Retrievals of Cloud Droplet Number Concentration: Towards a Better Understanding of Aerosol-Cloud Interactions. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2019.

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7

Ruppe, Karen M. A maritime and continental aerosol-cloud interaction study from ASTEX '92. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1992.

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8

R, Snider J., Vali G, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Vertical profiles of cloud condensation nuclei, condensation nuclei, optical aerosol, aerosol optical properties, and aerosol volatility measured from balloons: Final report, period--12/31/94-01/31/98, grant number--NAGW-3749. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.

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9

R, Snider J., Vali G, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Vertical profiles of cloud condensation nuclei, condensation nuclei, optical aerosol, aerosol optical properties, and aerosol volatility measured from balloons: Final report, period--12/31/94-01/31/98, grant number--NAGW-3749. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.

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10

G, Gelman B., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Chemical analysis of aerosol in the venusian cloud layer by reaction gas chromatography on board the vega landers. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1986.

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Частини книг з теми "Cloud aerosol"

1

Boucher, Olivier. "Aerosol–Cloud Interactions." In Atmospheric Aerosols, 193–226. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9649-1_9.

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2

Ramachandran, S. "Aerosol-Cloud Interactions and Aerosol-Climate Coupling." In Atmospheric Aerosols, 191–208. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, [2018]: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315152400-5.

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3

Wilson, James C., and Haflidi Jonsson. "Measurement of Cloud and Aerosol Particles from Aircraft." In Aerosol Measurement, 655–65. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118001684.ch29.

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4

Krämer, Martina, Cynthia Twohy, Markus Hermann, Armin Afchine, Suresh Dhaniyala, and Alexei Korolev. "Aerosol and Cloud Particle Sampling." In Airborne Measurements for Environmental Research, 303–41. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527653218.ch6.

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5

Cotton, William R., and Sandra Yuter. "Principles of Cloud and Precipitation Formation." In Aerosol Pollution Impact on Precipitation, 13–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8690-8_2.

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6

Noone, K. J. "Heterogeneous Chemistry and Aerosol/Cloud Interactions." In Transport and Chemical Transformation in the Troposphere, 143–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56722-3_24.

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7

Stathopoulos, S., K. Kourtidis, and A. K. Georgoulias. "Aerosol–Cloud Relations for Cloud Systems of Different Heights." In Perspectives on Atmospheric Sciences, 769–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-35095-0_110.

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8

Thomas, Gareth E., Elisa Carboni, Andrew M. Sayer, Caroline A. Poulsen, Richard Siddans, and Roy G. Grainger. "Oxford-RAL Aerosol and Cloud (ORAC): aerosol retrievals from satellite radiometers." In Satellite Aerosol Remote Sensing over Land, 193–225. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69397-0_7.

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9

Michibata, Takuro. "Aerosol–Cloud Interactions in the Climate System." In Handbook of Air Quality and Climate Change, 1–42. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2527-8_35-2.

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10

Michibata, Takuro. "Aerosol–Cloud Interactions in the Climate System." In Handbook of Air Quality and Climate Change, 1–42. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2527-8_35-3.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Cloud aerosol"

1

Strawbridge, Kevin B. "Airborne Lidar Results During RACE." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1997.owc.2.

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Анотація:
There is an increasing effort towards understanding the role of anthropogenic aerosols regarding their radiative influence on global climate in terms of both the direct and indirect effect (Charlson et al. (1992), Penner et al. (1994). The Radiation, Aerosols and Cloud Experiment consisted of a four week intensive study based in Nova Scotia, Canada during August and September of 1995. The majority of flights took place over the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine. The four main objectives were 1/ to determine the effect of cloud microphysics on the albedo of low stratus cloud 2/ to determine the impact of aerosol particles on cloud microphysics 3/ to examine satellite retrieval methods for determining cloud properties, and 4/ to determine the interaction of chemical constituents with clouds.
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2

Zhang, Junqiang, Jianbing Shao, and Changxiang Yan. "Cloud and aerosol polarimetric imager." In Selected Proceedings of the Photoelectronic Technology Committee Conferences held July-December 2013, edited by Jorge Ojeda-Castaneda, Shensheng Han, Ping Jia, Jiancheng Fang, Dianyuan Fan, Liejia Qian, Yuqiu Gu, and Xueqing Yan. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2054572.

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3

Schroeder, Steven, Bernhard Stiehl, Juanpablo Delgado, Rajendra Shrestha, Michael Kinzel, and Kareem Ahmed. "Interactions of Aerosol Droplets With Ventilated Airflows in the Context of Airborne Pathogen Transmission." In ASME 2022 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2022-87739.

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Abstract This multidisciplinary study provides a comprehensive visualization of airborne aerosols and droplets coming into contact with crossflows of moving air utilizing both experimental particle measuring methods and multiphase computational fluids dynamics (CFD). The aim of this research is to provide a Eulerian visualization of how these crossflows alter the position and density of an aerosol cloud, with the goal of applying this information to our understanding of social distancing ranges within outdoor settings and ventilated rooms. The results indicate that even minor perpendicular crossflows across the trajectory of an aerosol cloud can greatly reduce both the linear displacement and density of the cloud, with negligible increases in density along the flow path.
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4

Ferrare, R. A., S. H. Melfi, D. N. Whiteman, and K. D. Evans. "Coincident Measurements of Atmospheric Aerosol Properties and Water Vapor by a Scanning Raman Lidar." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1993.mb.2.

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Knowledge of the physical and optical properties of atmospheric aerosols is required to determine the impact aerosols will have on radiative transfer, heterogeneous chemistry, and cloud dynamics. Since the composition and size of atmospheric aerosols are functions of the atmospheric water vapor, aerosols must be studied in their natural state in order to fully understand how they are affected by various meteorological conditions and how they in turn will affect the processes listed above. By measuring high resolution profiles of aerosol extinction and backscattering as well as simultaneous profiles of atmospheric water vapor, Raman lidar can provide information regarding aerosol microphysical characteristics [Ansmann, et al., 1992; Ferrare et al.,1992]. In addition, the aerosol extinction/backscatter ratio measured directly by Raman lidar can be used in the estimation of aerosol extinction and optical thickness in the inversion procedures used by simpler backscatter lidars. In this presentation, we discuss measurements of aerosol extinction, backscattering, extinction/backscatter ratio, water vapor mixing ratio, and relative humidity made by a scanning Raman lidar over Wallops Island, Virginia (37.95 N, 75.47 W) during August, 1992.
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5

Takle, Jasmine, and R. Maheskumar. "Aerosol-cloud interactions: effect on precipitation." In SPIE Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing, edited by Tiruvalam N. Krishnamurti and Madhavan N. Rajeevan. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2222753.

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6

Starr, David. "NASA’s Aerosol-Cloud-Ecosystems (ACE) Mission." In Hyperspectral Imaging and Sounding of the Environment. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hise.2011.hma4.

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7

Patel, Lekha. "Cloud-aerosol track modeling and analysis." In Proposed for presentation at the 14th Annual Postdoctoral Technical Showcase. US DOE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1834678.

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8

Nenes, Athanasios. "Aerosol-cloud interactions in global models of indirect aerosol radiative forcing." In The 15th international conference on nucleation and atmospheric aerosols. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361930.

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9

Zhang, Wenzhong, Tao Luo, Shengcheng Cui, Xuebin Li, Yinbo Huang, and Wenyue Zhu. "Impact of above-cloud aerosol on low cloud optical properties." In Sixth Symposium on Novel Photoelectronic Detection Technology and Application, edited by Huilin Jiang and Junhao Chu. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2557494.

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10

Alias, A. N., M. Z. MatJafri, H. S. Lim, and N. M. Saleh. "Modeling of aerosol and cloud optical depth." In 2011 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chuser.2011.6163786.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Cloud aerosol"

1

Seinfeld, John H. Marine Aerosols: Hygroscopocity and Aerosol-Cloud Relationships. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada574144.

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2

Seinfield, John H. Marine Aerosols: Hygroscopocity and Aerosol-Cloud Relationships. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada557147.

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3

Albrecht, Bruce. Aerosol-Cloud-Drizzle-Turbulence Interactions in Boundary Layer Clouds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada531259.

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4

Albrecht, Bruce. Aerosol-Cloud-Drizzle-Turbulence Interactions In Boundary Layer Clouds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada532783.

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5

Albrecht, Bruce. Aerosol-Cloud-Drizzle-Turbulence Interactions in Boundary Layer Clouds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada541857.

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6

Albrecht, Bruce. Aerosol-Cloud-Drizzle-Turbulence Interactions in Boundary Layer Clouds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada574045.

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7

Albrecht, Bruce. Aerosol-Cloud-Drizzle-Turbulence Interactions in Boundary Layer Clouds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada575522.

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8

Albrecht, Bruce. Aerosol-Cloud-Drizzle-Turbulence Interactions in Boundary Layer Clouds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada598037.

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9

Albrecht, Bruce. Aerosol-Cloud-Drizzle-Turbulence Interactions in Boundary Layer Clouds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada557114.

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10

Khelif, Djamal, and Carl Friehe. Air-Sea-Aerosol-Cloud Interactions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada532025.

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