Готові списки джерел за темами / Clean and unclean

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Clean and unclean"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 27 липня 2024

Оновлено: 29 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Clean and unclean"

Hunter, WhiteFeather. "Mooncalf: ‘Unclean meat’." Technoetic Arts 18, no. 2-3 (October 1, 2020): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/tear_00039_1.

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The calamitous warnings of climate science have been latched onto by a growing roster of biotech start-up companies who propose to invent lab-generated meat alternatives to the ecologically disastrous livestock industry. They use solutionist hype to promote ‘sustainable’, ‘eco-friendly’, ‘cruelty-free’, ‘clean meat’. This moralized marketing, however, masks a continued reliance on animal agriculture. The fact remains that mammalian cells and tissues are grown in vitro using foetal calf serum, a blood-derived nutrient. Is it really possible to grow meat without banking on the bodies of nonhuman others? Might there be more tasteful material? In Bioart Kitchen: Art, Feminism and Technoscience, Lindsay Kelley asks, ‘[h]‌ow do technologies taste?’ This article proposes one answer to her prompt, centred on a technofeminist contextualization of the research-creation project, Mooncalf (2019–present). Mooncalf is a series of wet lab experiments and artistic outputs that showcase the potential viability of human menstrual serum for culturing mammalian tissue. These experiments present a direct provocation that problematizes the cellular agriculture industry as it pertains to the production of ‘clean meat’ and instead works towards a proof-of-concept ‘unclean’ meat prototype. Mooncalf is a symbolic precursor or speculative promise meant to facilitate a ‘cultural taste’ for feminist biotechnologies.

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Harvey, Graham. "Purity and Monotheism: Clean and Unclean Animals in Biblical Law." Journal of Jewish Studies 45, no. 1 (April 1, 1994): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18647/1744/jjs-1994.

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Aycock, Alan, and Walter Houston. "Purity and Monotheism: Clean and Unclean Animals in Biblical Law." Man 29, no. 1 (March 1994): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2803539.

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Minniyakhmetova, Tatiana. "The concept of a clean and unclean body — an example of Udmurts." Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 61, no. 2 (December 2016): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/022.2016.61.2.5.

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Pardee, Dennis. "Purity and Monotheism: Clean and Unclean Animals in Biblical Law. Walter Houston." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 57, no. 1 (January 1998): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/468600.

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Milgrom, Jacob. "Book Review: Purity and Monotheism: Clean and Unclean Animals in Biblical Law." Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology 48, no. 4 (October 1994): 422–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002096439404800419.

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Amadu, Iddrisu, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Eric Duku, Joshua Okyere, John Elvis Hagan, Thomas Hormenu, and Bright Opoku Ahinkorah. "The Joint Effect of Maternal Marital Status and Type of Household Cooking Fuel on Child Nutritional Status in Sub-Saharan Africa: Analysis of Cross-Sectional Surveys on Children from 31 Countries." Nutrients 13, no. 5 (May 3, 2021): 1541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051541.

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The current study sought to investigate the joint effect of maternal marital status and type of household cooking fuel on child nutritional status in sub-Saharan Africa. Data in the children’s files of 31 sub-Saharan African countries were pooled from the Demographic and Health Surveys collected between 2010 and 2019. The outcome variables were three child anthropometrics: stunting (height-for-age z-scores); wasting (weight-for-height z-scores); and underweight (weight-for-age z-scores). The joint effect of maternal marital status and type of household cooking fuel on child nutritional status was examined using multilevel regression models. The results were presented as adjusted odds ratios (aORs) at p < 0.05. The percentages of children who were stunted, wasted and underweight in the 31 countries in sub-Saharan Africa were 31%, 8% and 17%, respectively. On the joint effect of maternal marital status and type of household cooking fuel on stunting, we found that compared to children born to married mothers who used clean household cooking fuel, children born to single mothers who use unclean household cooking fuel, children born to single women who use clean household cooking fuel, and children born to married women who used unclean household cooking were more likely to be stunted. With wasting, children born to single mothers who used unclean household cooking fuel and children born to married women who used unclean household cooking fuel were more likely to be wasted compared to children born to married mothers who used clean household cooking fuel. With underweight, we found that compared to children born to married mothers who used clean household cooking fuel, children born to single mothers who used unclean household cooking fuel, children born to single women who used clean household cooking fuel and children born to married women who used unclean household cooking were more likely to be underweight. It is imperative for the governments of the 31 sub-Saharan African countries to double their efforts to end the use of unclean household cooking fuel. This goal could be achieved by promoting clean household cooking fuel (e.g., electricity, gas, ethanol, solar, etc.) through effective health education, and promotion programmes. The attention of policymakers is drawn to the urgent need for children’s nutritional status policies and programmes (e.g., dietary supplementation, increasing dietary diversity, improving agriculture and food security) to be targeted towards at-risk sub-populations (i.e., single mothered households).

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DERRETT, J. DUNCAN M. "CLEAN AND UNCLEAN ANIMALS (ACTS 10:15, 11:9): PETER'S PRONOUNCING POWER OBSERVED." Heythrop Journal 29, no. 2 (April 1988): 205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2265.1988.tb00822.x.

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Regnier, Denis. "Clean people, unclean people: the essentialisation of ‘slaves’ among the southern Betsileo of Madagascar." Social Anthropology 23, no. 2 (May 2015): 152–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8676.12107.

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WHITEHEAD, JUDY. "Bodies Clean and Unclean: Prostitution, Sanitary Legislation, and Respectable Femininity in Colonial North India." Gender & History 7, no. 1 (April 1995): 41–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0424.1995.tb00013.x.

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Дисертації з теми "Clean and unclean"

Franz, Kenneth Robert. "Clean and unclean in the Priestly stratum of the Tetrateuch : a symbolic attempt to recreate divine order." 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/15379.

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Книги з теми "Clean and unclean"

Houston, Walter. Purity and monotheism: Clean and unclean animals in biblical law. Sheffield: JSOT Pr., 1993.

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Jacobi, Lauren, and Daniel Zolli, eds. Contamination and Purity in Early Modern Art and Architecture. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462988699.

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The concepts of purity and contamination preoccupied early modern Europeans fundamentally, structuring virtually every aspect of their lives, not least how they created and experienced works of art and the built environment. In an era that saw a great number of objects and people in motion, the meteoric rise of new artistic and building technologies, and religious upheaval exert new pressures on art and its institutions, anxieties about the pure and the contaminated – distinctions between the clean and unclean, sameness and difference, self and other, organization and its absence – took on heightened importance. In this series of geographically and methodologically wide-ranging essays, thirteen leading historians of art and architecture grapple with the complex ways that early modern actors negotiated these concerns, covering topics as diverse as Michelangelo’s unfinished sculptures, Venetian plague hospitals, Spanish-Muslim tapestries, and emergency currency. The resulting volume offers surprising new insights into the period and into the modern disciplinary routines of art and architectural history.

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Martin, J. P. Uncle cleans up. New York: New York Review Books, 2008.

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Martin, J. P. Uncle cleans up. New York: New York Review Books, 2008.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Clean Air and Nuclear Regulation. Whistleblower issues in the unclear industry: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Clean Air and Nuclear Regulation of the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, first session, July 15, 1993. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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Schreier, Rose A. We clear the way: A tribute to my uncle, staff sergeant John L. Schreier and the 319th Engineer Combat Battalion, 94th Infantry Division, United States Army. Juneau, Alaska: R.S. Welton, 2001.

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Clean & Unclean Foods:. Dr. Gordon Tessler, 1991.

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Yisrael, Naomi. Leviticus Chapter 11: Clean and Unclean Food Products. Independently Published, 2021.

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Purity and Monotheism: Clean and Unclean Animals in Biblical Law. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 1993.

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Purity and Monotheism: Clean and Unclean Animals in Biblical Law. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2010.

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Частини книг з теми "Clean and unclean"

Menachery, George. "Aspects Of The Idea Of «Clean And Unclean» Among The Brahmins, The Jews, And The St. Thomas Christians Of Kerala." In The Harp (Volume 22), edited by Geevarghese Panicker, Rev Jacob Thekeparampil, and Abraham Kalakudi, 311–30. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463233112-025.

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Johnson, Cayetana H. "Chapter 22. La ordalía en el judaísmo y Derecho rabínico." In The Reality of Women in the Universe of the Ancient Novel, 359–73. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ivitra.40.22joh.

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The power or right to decide the Law in Israel was in the hands of the priests and rabbis, who had the ability, even in doubtful cases, to interpret, modify or expand it, and occasionally, to repeal it. In Biblical times, the Law was primarily in charge of Priests and Levites and they were the serving judges of the High Court in Jerusalem, the highest institution to decide serious and difficult cases. In the last two pre-Christian centuries and throughout the times of the Talmud, the scribes (“Soferim”), also called “The Wise Men” (“Hachamim”), were the qualified and authorized persons for having received the true interpretation of the Law. according to the tradition of the Elders or the Fathers coming from Moses, the Prophets and the men of the Great Synagogue. In the first century, there is a great evolution in the legal interpretation of the Law and a greater demand is sought in the rigor and judicial expertise. Rabbi Johanan Ben Zakai is one of the great representatives of this trend, especially around the application of the ordeal of Numbers 5, from Mosaic times, on adultery. The practical abolition of this penalty is a great advance in the search for justice and, at the same time, an advance in the solution of family conflicts, which, in the words of Zakai “does not come to declare clean or unclean and to separate or bring closer together”, at a time when Levitical laws of purity and family matters ruled all Jewish life.

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Templeton, Lieselotte K. "My Uncle Otto Stern." In Molecular Beams in Physics and Chemistry, 27–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63963-1_3.

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AbstractIt was only since 1946 [1945] when my uncle moved to Berkeley that I got to know him well. Before this time we had never lived in the same town, and I had only seen him rarely. Otto Stern moved into a house he had bought several years earlier in the Berkeley hills not far from my parents’ house. Because he was a bachelor, he hired a housekeeper who came in six days a week for a few hours to cook and keep house. He loved good food and good wine. The housekeeper for the last years did not keep the house as clean as he would have liked, but her cooking met with his approval, so she stayed for many years. On Sundays, he would have dinner with his sister, Berta (my mother) and family, or he would go into town for dinner in a restaurant and then to a movie. He loved movies, and Shirley MacLaine was one of his favorite actresses.

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Pascale Guidotti Magnani, Daniele. "Leonardo a Faenza? Precisazioni e ipotesi a margine della spedizione borgiana in Romagna." In Lo sguardo territorialista di Leonardo, 253–60. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-514-1.28.

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During Cesare Borgia’s expedition in Romagna, Leonardo da Vinci designed many public works for Cesena but it is still unclear if he worked in other cities of the region. In particular, a possible passage through Faenza should be investigated. Some scholars think that a drawing of Leonardo’s notebook L (Paris, Institut de France) could be a representation of Faenza cathedral, but this attribution is disputed. Moreover, in Faenza’s countryside there are some original castles with hexagonal, rhomboid or ogival plan. It is not clear if Leonardo knew these buildings, perhaps even before the Borgian military campaign.

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Garidis, Konstantin, Alexander Rossmann, and Alan Murray. "Corporate Startups: A Systematic Literature Review on Governance and Autonomy." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 283–98. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53227-6_20.

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AbstractMany incumbents observe the startup world in jealousy of their agility and innovational performance. An increasing number of initiatives aim to mimic startup-like procedures in order to increase the incumbents’ innovational output. Structural models like accelerators, spinoffs, incubators, or corporate venture capitals aim to achieve that goal by implementing different governance setups. However, the success of such initiatives often remains unclear. While there is broad research on such topics, a clear empirical view on governance mechanisms for entrepreneurial structures in incumbents is missing. This paper outlines how to build a governance model based on empirically validated mechanisms and their relationship to corporate startup autonomy. This is achieved by following the systematic literature review approach by Webster and Watson combined with qualitative data analysis techniques. The results describe relevant gaps in current research and identify promising pathways for future research.

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Migone, Andrea, Alexander Howlett, and Michael Howlett. "Failure Where Alignment is Lacking: Type 26 Frigate Procurement Processes in Australia Versus Canada, 1990–2022." In Procurement and Politics, 25–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25689-9_3.

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AbstractIn this chapter we take a broader look at large-scale naval procurement than is usually done by defence or policy analysis in isolation, focussing on the planned purchases of the British BAE Systems’ Type 26 frigate by both Canada and Australia. We argue that successful procurement/implementation in naval procurement in general requires the existence of (1) a clear naval doctrine that supports a rational for the procurement of a particular weapon system and (2) the acceptance on the part of the government of that doctrine along with a commitment to ensuring strategic alignment with it. If these two areas are aligned, as they were in Australia, procurement should proceed relatively smoothly, but issues can emerge if the doctrine is missing or unclear and/or if the government disagrees with the doctrine put forward by the military, and prioritizes purchases in other areas or services, as occurred in Canada.

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Köyhäjoki, Anna, Hilkka Korpi, Riku Yli-Ikkelä, Harto Hakonen, Mirjami Kantola, Aki Rintala, Sari Honkanen, et al. "The Effects of Robotic Training on Walking and Functional Independence of People with Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis and Meta-regression." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 349–65. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59091-7_23.

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AbstractEvidence on the effects of robotic technology is required to develop rehabilitation services. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of robot-assisted walking training on walking and functional independence in everyday life in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) and explore the covariates associated with these effects.We searched the MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL, PsycINFO, and ERIC databases until March 25, 2022. Two reviewers independently assessed the studies for inclusion. We included RCTs on people with SCI receiving robotic training. The Cochrane RoB2, meta-analysis, meta-regression, and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation were performed.We included 23 RCTs focusing on SCI with outcomes of walking or functional independence, of which 14 were included in the meta-analysis and meta-regression analyses. Small improvements were observed in functional independence in favor of robot-assisted walking training compared to other physical exercises (Hedges’ g 0.31, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.59; I2 = 19.7%, 9 studies, 419 participants, low certainty evidence). There were no significant differences in walking ability, speed, endurance, or independence between the groups.Robot-assisted walking training may slightly improve functional independence, but its effects on walking ability in SCI patients is uncertain compared to other exercise. Evidence suggests little to no difference in walking independence, and the effects on walking speed and endurance are unclear. No clear evidence exists whether positive effects are linked to personal, clinical, or intervention characteristics. Robot-assisted gait training may be a viable option for improving functional independence in individuals with SCI.

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Tigard, Daniel W. "Big Data and the Threat to Moral Responsibility in Healthcare." In Datenreiche Medizin und das Problem der Einwilligung, 11–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62987-1_2.

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AbstractTechnological innovations in healthcare, perhaps now more than ever, are posing decisive opportunities for improvements in diagnostics, treatment, and overall quality of life. The use of artificial intelligence and big data processing, in particular, stands to revolutionize healthcare systems as we once knew them. But what effect do these technologies have on human agency and moral responsibility in healthcare? How can patients, practitioners, and the general public best respond to potential obscurities in responsibility? In this paper, I investigate the social and ethical challenges arising with newfound medical technologies, specifically the ways in which artificially intelligent systems may be threatening moral responsibility in the delivery of healthcare. I argue that if our ability to locate responsibility becomes threatened, we are left with a difficult choice of trade-offs. In short, it might seem that we should exercise extreme caution or even restraint in our use of state-of-the-art systems, but thereby lose out on such benefits as improved quality of care. Alternatively, we could embrace novel healthcare technologies but in doing so we might need to loosen our commitment to locating moral responsibility when patients come to harm; for even if harms are fewer – say, as a result of data-driven diagnostics – it may be unclear who or what is responsible when things go wrong. What is clear, at least, is that the shift toward artificial intelligence and big data calls for significant revisions in expectations on how, if at all, we might locate notions of responsibility in emerging models of healthcare.

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Uesaka, Yuri, Tsubasa Kurosawa, Kazumasa Furuya, Shigeru Yanagimoto, Mengshi Liu, Satomi Shiba, and Nao Uchida. "Explaining with Diagrams for Promoting Deeper Learning: School Practice to Integrate Knowledge Across Subjects." In Diagrammatic Representation and Inference, 368–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15146-0_33.

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AbstractDiagrams are considered a powerful strategy for understanding and problem-solving. Self-explanation is believed to be behind the effectiveness of diagrams. However, it is not clear to what extent students engage in self-explanation. The possibility that students do not always engage in self-explanation is suggested by empirical studies showing that diagrams do not always produce efficacious outcomes. Ichikawa [1] also argued that it is unclear how students interpret diagrams and discussed the need to have students explain themselves using diagrams. In science learning, diagrams effectively help students learn the principles behind phenomena. Having students use diagrams to explain phenomena may help them understand the principles of the phenomena correctly and integrate their knowledge effectively across subject areas. Therefore, in this study, we developed lesson instructions in which students were required to explain the phenomenon using diagrams after the teacher had explained it. Students were also given the opportunity to solve the problem collaboratively after the explanation had been provided. The study involved 71 8th-grade students in one school. Fifty-eight same grade students from a traditional public school also participated in the study and served as the control group. A “basic knowledge test”, which tested students’ knowledge in a fill-in-the-blank format, and a “principle understanding test” and “transfer test,” which tested students’ knowledge in an explanation format, were administered. The results demonstrated no significant difference in the basic knowledge test, but the score in the principle understanding test and the transfer knowledge test was higher for the students who received the experimental instruction. This study indicates that deeper understanding is facilitated by combining the experience of using diagrams with peer explanation.

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Mizuno, Kosuke, Kazuya Masuda, and Almasdi Syahza. "Peatland Degradation, Timber Plantations, and Land Titles in Sumatra." In Global Environmental Studies, 17–49. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0906-3_2.

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AbstractPeatlands in Riau, Sumatra were relatively untouched by development or deforestation until at least the beginning of the 1970s. But today these landscapes are seriously degraded, with fires breaking out almost every year. Why and how has it come to this? This study attempts to make clear the relationships between the establishment of timber plantation, construction of large-scale drainage infrastructure, peatland degradation, in-migration, increasing fire events, and abandonment of peatland. This study highlights land rights as a factor that may either promote peatland degradation or motivate local people to manage degraded peatlands to better ends. It shows how large-scale drainage introduced by timber plantations since 1990s led to peatland desiccation in Riau, leading to fire events outside the plantation concession areas. Local people reacted to fire by logging and distributing parcels of peatland swamp forest outside the concession to secure land rights and to stop further concession giving to companies by the government. These activities in turn promoted peatland degradation, increasing the incidence of fire and abandonment of peatland. Local people’s scramble to secure land rights promoted peatland degradation, but as soon as they obtained land titles they managed the burned lands well. On the other hand, land distributed land without title tended to be abandoned after fires. The intrusion of timber plantations and land distribution also promoted in-migration, which contributed to peatland degradation. One of the reasons why people could distribute these peat swamp forests among themselves was poor governmental management of state forest lands, as the boundaries between the state and nonstate forests remained unclear, especially for the local people.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Clean and unclean"

Adesina, Dapo Oluwaseun. "Clean Mobility Systems, the way to Go." In Africa International Conference on Clean Energy and Energy Storage. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-mpdc8q.

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This paper aims discuss the concept of clean mobility, the energy requirements of clean mobility, challenges caused by unclean mobility as well as looking forward to the attainment of clean mobility system. The urban transport situation is as precarious as in the rural transport. Due to population growth and urban sprawl, there is rural-urban drift which has brough about an increase in the number of urban centres across the globe and coupled with the high dependence on fossil fuel, this has led to the continuous growth of air pollution and Green House Gas (GHG) emission level. Such pollution level has serious health effects and sometimes led to several death and contributes to climate change. Vehicular emissions are one of the major pollutant’s sources today with road transport as the key source of the PM2.5 pollution in large cities across the globe. This is due to several reasons including high vehicle density, old emission control technologies, fuels’ high Sulphur content, and limited public transportation options.Clean mobility will help to cut down on health cost and premature death due to air pollution, mitigate climate change actions and economic impacts of mobility. This paper will discuss issues such as stakeholder analysis on existing mobility systems and how to make it clean, policy framework and guidelines and public private partnership in the mobility sector. Therefore, the government in partnership with the private sector and multilateral agencies would have to invest in sustainable modern electric trains, Electric Mobility systems, build ports near deep rivers and create more local and international airports, and ensure people can afford to use them as well as explore the use of alternative fuel with less pollutants and reduced impact on the climate such as natural gas and hydrogen (green, blue, grey) as the case may be.

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Moradiya, Krunal, and Ishani Dalal. "SPECT of bone lesions: making the unclear more clear." In Radiopaedia 2023. Radiopaedia.org, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53347/rposter-1710.

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Eisen, Barbara, Hans-Günther Tillmann, and Christoph Draxler. "Consistency of judgements in manual labelling of phonetic segments: the distinction between clear and unclear cases." In 2nd International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1992). ISCA: ISCA, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1992-261.

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Agbakwuru, Jasper A., Ove T. Gudmestad, John G. Groenli, and Helge Skjaveland. "Development of Method/Apparatus for Close-Visual Inspection of Underwater Structures (Especially Pipelines) in Muddy and Unclear Water Condition." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49248.

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Ordinarily, the Remotely Operated Vehicles and underwater divers, even with modern illuminating lamps, would be unable to observe objects clearly in muddy or unclear underwater condition. Efforts have therefore been made to demonstrate that in such underwater condition, it is possible to perform visual inspections and observations adequately and reliably for underwater leaking structures using novel equipment. The novel equipment works by simply supplying a clear laminar flow of water which flows over the surface of the structure to be observed. A camera eye is then placed to observe through the steady flowing clear water. Different configurations of the equipment were checked and it was found that the equipment with fitted valves installed in the flooding box in-line with flowing clear water produced the best result. The volume of water required for the observations appears constant and independent of the depth of water except during the first initial stage of flooding. On the other hand, the period of time required for clear observations increases with increase in water depth. The performance of the equipment was found independent of the nature of underwater visibility. The benefits of this work ranges from leaking structures’ close-visual inspection including leaking pipelines, to subsea pipeline field joint wrap damage inspection for beach pulls in cofferdams. This technique is considered cheap, robust and flexible.

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Vijiapurapu, Sowjanya, Jie Cui, and Sastry Munukutla. "CFD Applications for Coal/Air Balancing in Power Plants." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-55098.

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A new method for balancing coal / air flow to individual burners connected to a mill in a pulverized coal fired unit was proposed. A generalized calculation procedure based on this method was developed for sizing the orifices needed for balancing the coal / air flow. Efficient use of commercially available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software was suggested for the calculation of the pressure drop in pipes with unclear specifications of geometries. The current industry practice is to balance the clean air flow and accept the resulting imbalance in the coal / air flow. By this new method the clean-air flow would be unbalanced in a tailored manner so that balanced coal / air flow would result. In order to implement this new method the power plants would still have to conduct clean air tests only.

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An, Jie, Zhengyuan Yang, Jianfeng Wang, Linjie Li, Zicheng Liu, Lijuan Wang, and Jiebo Luo. "Bring Metric Functions into Diffusion Models." In Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-24}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/64.

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We introduce a Cascaded Diffusion Model (Cas-DM) that improves a Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DDPM) by effectively incorporating additional metric functions in training. Metric functions such as the LPIPS loss have been proven highly effective in consistency models derived from the score matching. However, for the diffusion counterparts, the methodology and efficacy of adding extra metric functions remain unclear. One major challenge is the mismatch between the noise predicted by a DDPM at each step and the desired clean image that the metric function works well on. To address this problem, we propose Cas-DM, a network architecture that cascades two network modules to effectively apply metric functions to the diffusion model training. The first module, similar to a standard DDPM, learns to predict the added noise and is unaffected by the metric function. The second cascaded module learns to predict the clean image, thereby facilitating the metric function computation. Experiment results show that the proposed diffusion model backbone enables the effective use of the LPIPS loss, improving the image quality (FID, sFID) of diffusion models on various established benchmarks.

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Sluder, Mary. "Session 2.2 Water Under Climate Change: From Sustainable Management to Resilient Stewardship." In The 4th Global Virtual Conference of the Youth Environmental Alliance in Higher Education. Michigan Technological University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.yeah-conference/dec2021/all-events/11.

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Sustainable water management under climate change is ill-recognized given its importance, and it is unclear which policy instrument is optimal in promoting it. COP26 hosted the first Water Pavilion, and among presenters and attendees of Pavilion events, I interviewed a sample with water policy and management expertise. I collected data on the effectiveness and applicability of using bottom-up economic policies for sustainable water management. It seems this approach may be beneficial in certain contexts, but participants and event hosts emphasized that resilience in water is also key. Perhaps it’s time we move beyond sustainability and management towards resilience and stewardship. SDG Theme: SDG 6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Type: Short talk (e.g. PowerPoint, Google Slides)

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Agbakwuru, Jasper A., Ove T. Gudmestad, John Groenli, and Helge Skjæveland. "Tracking of Buoyancy Flux of Underwater Plumes for Identification, Close Visual Inspection and Repair of Leaking Underwater Pipelines in Muddy Waters." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10028.

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The importance of close visual inspection of leaking sections of pipelines prior to repair activities cannot be over-emphasized. Underwater optical cameras are important gadgets for most underwater inspection vehicles and submarines. However, the optical camera ordinarily immersed in a gaseous or liquid plume in muddy water condition will see no reliable trace but nearly blank or the scatter of diffused light of illuminating lamps. The implication is that underwater water tools that could be used in clear water to inspect and identify point of leaks on pressure containment structures would not be useful when such structure is installed in muddy or poor underwater visibility conditions. Recent developments have demonstrated a diver assisted technique of close visual inspection of leaking containments structures installed in muddy water using clean water injection. This present paper demonstrates a technique of tracking and identifying leaking points on pipelines installed in unclear/muddy water conditions using optical cameras installed in a novel manner. The method leads a remotely operated or hyperbaric system to the point of leak in muddy water conditions for close visual inspection and subsequent repair. The tool performance is validated in a muddy water of Secchi measure of less than 1 cm and in a number of trials, the tool is found sitting at the leak point. Secchi measure is the visual depth into the water column. Forces that could be found in the plume and the consequences of buoyancy loss to floating or submarine equipment are also examined. Some techniques using remotely operated vehicles and manned hyperbaric bells for leak identification, close visual inspection and repair of pipelines installed in muddy water using the benefit of this presented methodology are proposed and discussed.

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Jin, Y., and A. V. Kuznetsov. "Using Direct Numerical Simulations for Investigating Physics of Turbulence in Porous Media." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69041.

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One of the most controversial topics in the field of convection in porous media is the issue of macroscopic turbulence. It remains unclear whether it can occur in porous media. It is difficult to carry out velocity measurements within porous media, as they are typically optically opaque. At the same time, it is now possible to conduct a definitive direct numerical simulation (DNS) study of this phenomenon. We examine the processes that take place in porous media at large Reynolds numbers, attempting to accurately describe them and analyze whether they can be labeled as true turbulence. In contrast to existing work on turbulence in porous media, which relies on certain turbulence models, DNS allows one to understand the phenomenon in all its complexity by directly resolving all the scales of motion. Our results suggest that the size of the pores determines the maximum size of the turbulent eddies. If the size of turbulent eddies cannot exceed the size of the pores, then turbulent phenomena in porous media differ from turbulence in clear fluids. Indeed, this size limitation must have an impact on the energy cascade, for in clear fluids the turbulent kinetic energy is predominantly contained within large eddies.

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Tamas, Borbala, Liviu A. Fodor, Bernadette Galfi, Andrea Barta, and Istvan Szamoskozi. "VISUAL ART, AS DOMAIN SPECIFIC KNOWLEDGE IN VISUAL STIMULI COMPREHENSION: A META-ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF ART AND NON-ART EXPERTS' EYE FIXATION DURATION." In 9th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2022. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2022/s06.064.

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Previously published studies show a clear difference between the eye movement patterns of artists and non-artists. However, the findings of some studies show that the duration of eye fixation increases as a result of artistic expertise, while other studies show the opposite. In this meta-analysis, we included the findings from 14 studies in which the effect of artistic expertise on the duration of eye fixation was examined. We also examined the potential moderating effect of task type, level of expertise, the type of stimulus presentation, the task time limit, the sampling rate and gender influence on the effect size. Results from 14 studies were pooled, resulting in a medium effect size (ES) of g = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.24 to 1.03, meaning that eye fixation duration was longer for artists than nonartists. We identified substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 75%, 95% CI: 59 to 85) among studies, but very little evidence for publication bias. None of the investigated study variables were significant moderators of the effect size. These findings suggest that artistic expertise has a significant effect on eye fixation duration. Although the differences are clear between artists and non-artists, other factors that may have influence on the duration of eye fixation remain unclear.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Clean and unclean"

Jameel, Yusuf, Paul West, and Daniel Jasper. Reducing Black Carbon: A Triple Win for Climate, Health, and Well-Being. Project Drawdown, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55789/y2c0k2p3.

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Black carbon – also referred to as soot – is a particulate matter that results from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass. As a major air and climate pollutant, black carbon (BC) emissions have widespread adverse effects on human health and climate change. Globally, exposure to unhealthy levels of particulate matter, including BC, is estimated to cause between three and six million excess deaths every year. These health impacts – and the related economic losses – are felt disproportionately by those living in low- and middle-income countries. Furthermore, BC is a potent greenhouse gas with a short-term global warming potential well beyond carbon dioxide and methane. Worse still, it is often deposited on sea ice and glaciers, reducing reflectivity and accelerating melting, particularly in the Arctic and Himalayas. Therefore, reducing BC emissions results in a triple win, mitigating climate change, improving the lives of more than two billion people currently exposed to unclean air, and saving trillions of dollars in economic losses. Today, the majority of BC emissions stem from just a handful of sectors and countries. Over 70% of BC comes from the residential and transportation sectors, with the latter being the dominant source in high-income countries and the former driving emissions in low- and middle-income nations. On a country-level, China and India are the biggest emitters accounting for one-third of global BC emissions. When combined with Brazil, Indonesia, and Nigeria, these five countries alone emit 50% of all BC. While BC emissions trends over the past 20 years have been inconsistent globally, there has been a notable decline in Europe, North America, and China. Conversely, emissions have been rising in regions like Africa, South Asia, and Central Asia. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recommends deep reductions in BC emissions by 2030 to achieve the Paris Climate Agreement goal of limiting warming to below 1.5°C, yet very few countries have addressed BC in their climate plans. Fortunately, solutions that can rapidly reduce BC emissions by the end of this decade are readily available. By implementing the right policies, deploying targeted interventions in hotspots, and redirecting climate finance, policymakers and funders can mitigate the climate effects of BC while saving millions of lives and trillions of dollars. Below are key recommendations to achieve these aims based on the findings of this report: Urgently implement clean cooking solutions Providing clean cooking fuels and technologies in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, especially in the hotspots of the Indo-Gangetic Plains, Nigeria, and Uganda, can significantly reduce BC emissions. Countries with low penetration of clean cooking fuel must urgently develop policies that make clean cooking a priority for health and climate. Target transportation to reduce current – and prevent future – emissions Retrofitting older diesel engines with diesel particulate filters can remove up to 95% of BC. Countries around the world must implement policies to phase out polluting vehicles, set emission standards, and accelerate the uptake of EVs and hybrids, especially in urban regions where transportation demand is growing rapidly. A successful shift to EVs demands national investments complemented with international financing and private capital. Multilateral development banks need to play a pivotal role in this transition, with strategies like concessional finance to fast-track key projects and stimulate private sector investment. Reduce BC from the shipping industry BC emissions from the shipping industry must be urgently reduced to protect the Arctic ecosystem. Shifting shipping away from heavy fuel oil and equipping ships with diesel particulate filters is a cost-effective approach that would quickly and significantly reduce emissions. Regulate air quality Stringent emissions standards, clean air laws, baselines, and mandatory monitoring programs can effectively reduce BC emissions. Such policies have already resulted in large reductions in Europe, North America, and, more recently, China. However, several low- and middle-income countries have no legal protection for ambient air quality and lack legislatively-mandated standards. Implementing strong and legally binding policies can result in a large decrease in BC emissions, particularly across the transportation and industry sectors. Include BC in nationally determined contributions and the UNFCCC Only 12 countries have explicitly addressed BC in their nationally determined contributions (NDCs). This limited focus on BC is partly due to its omission from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change’s (UNFCCC) list of climate pollutants, an oversight that should be reconsidered given that reducing BC would save countless lives and slow global warming. As nations review their NDCs by 2025, they must incorporate BC reduction efforts to meet climate and well-being targets. Improve BC measurements and estimates BC estimates are plagued by uncertainties. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more accurate inventories in order to develop better emission reduction plans. Stakeholders must collaborate to develop a consistent BC measurement protocol, prioritize the collection of high-quality data, and use state of the art models to enhance estimates and reduce uncertainties.

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Ngugi, Stanley, and Mareike Schomerus. Comparing oranges and oranges: working towards diverse, equitable and inclusive knowledge creation in an international Global South organization. Busara, July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62372/klje3595.

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This Groundwork seeks to offer reflections to help each person working for Busara understand how the organization thinks about DEI in theory and practice; it also offers insights on how each of us can work towards a more diverse, more equitable, and more inclusive organization. This process requires applying to ourselves the honesty that we champion, but often also struggle to maintain when we look at ourselves. It means to admit challenges freely, address them without judgement, check whether our beliefs are unclear, acknowledge emotions—and then start again. DEI is circular, non-ending work without clear key performance indicators, but with an emphasis on a process that can expand our beliefs and practice while cushioning or maturing our emotions.

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Yang, Hui, Xi-Xi Wan, Hui Ma, Zhen LI, Li Weng, Ying Xia, and Xiao-Ming Zhang. Prevalence and mortality risk of low skeletal muscle mass in critically ill patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0132.

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Review question / Objective: The PICOS principle was adopted when we confirmed the study eligibility. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) patients were critically ill, which was defined as adult patients who were from the ICU department; (2) exposure: patients had a clear definition of LSMM based on CT scans, anthropometric methods and ultrasound; (3) presented the prevalence of LSMM or could be calculated by the available data from the article; and (4) study design: observational study (cohort study or cross-sectional study). Articles that were reviews, case reports, comments, correspondences, letters or only abstracts were excluded. Condition being studied: Critical illness often results in low skeletal muscle mass for multiple reasons. Multiple studies have explored the association between low skeletal muscle mass and mortality. The prevalence of low skeletal muscle mass and its association with mortality are unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to identify the prevalence and mortality risk of low skeletal muscle mass among critically ill patients.

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Haddow, Amanda, Daniel Edwards, and L. Hazelman. Sustainable Development Goal 4.b in the Pacific – A pilot study for monitoring tertiary education scholarships for development. Australian Council for Educational Research, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-739-7.

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United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 aims to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. SDG 4 includes 10 targets, of which Target 4.b aims to expand higher education scholarships for developing countries. Target 4.b leverages the benefits of international education to support countries in achieving SDG 4. For host and sending countries, the exchange of students across borders shares the societal benefits produced by tertiary education (knowledge, information, innovation) (Perna et al., 2014). The modality of scholarships broadens access to high-quality tertiary education in areas necessary for locally-led development and provides opportunities for partnership and collaboration to achieve the SDGs. Although SDG 4.b makes clear the objective is to contribute to building human capital and knowledge in low- and middle-income countries, it is not explicit as to which scholarships should be included in measuring the achievement of the target (Balfour, 2016; IIE2016; Antoninis, 2018). In particular, the inclusion or exclusion of providers outside of traditional donors, such as developing countries and non-state actors like corporations and universities, is not explicit in Target 4.b (Balfour, 2016; Antoninis, 2018). The reality is that various stakeholders are implementing international scholarships for developing countries, and the breadth of this contribution to human capital development is unclear. Therefore, the approach to monitoring SDG 4.b in this pilot study aims to include a broad range of stakeholders involved in funding international scholarships. Unlike other monitoring attempts, this study not only focuses on official development assistance (ODA) from developed countries but also specifically includes contributions from developing countries and non-state actors.

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Tadmor, Yaakov, Zachary Lippman, David Jackson, and Dani Zamir. three crops test for the ODO breeding method. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594397.bard.

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Hybrid vigor is the leading concept that rules crops breeding for almost a century. Yet, the exact mechanism that underlies heterosis is not clear. Over dominance interaction between alleles is one of the possible explanations. Our preliminary results indicated that severe developmental mutations at the heterozygous state have significant potential to improve plant performance. This led us to propose the ‘ODO breeding method’ that is based replacing a parental line of a successful hybrid with its mutated from to improve hybrid performance. Our BARD research challenged this method in three crop systems: maize, tomato and melon. In maize we could not detect any effect of mutant heterozigosity on yield or yield components when hybrids were tested however when we analyzed the effect of heterozigosity in mutant genes at B73 genetic background we could detect ODO in yield components using certain mutants. Our results indicate that the potential of utilizing the ODO Breeding Method for maize remains unclear. In tomato we overcame technical problems we faced in creating an EMS mutation library in indeterminate glasshouse tomatoes and now we have in our hands advanced material to study the putative ODO hybrids. We transferred some of the promising ODO mutations from M82 to indeterminate glasshouse tomatoes and putative ODO hybrids are ready to be evaluated this winter. In addition, we tested the effect of In melon we compared putative ‘ODO hybrids’ with their isogenic hybrids lacking the mutant allele and our results indicated a potential for the ODO breeding method to improve yield, fruit number per plant, and carotenoids content. Additional experiments are required to estimate better the expected success percentage of the ODO breeding method in melon so that it will become a recommended practice for improving hybrid performance. Based on our results we can't yet recommend the 'ODO breeding method' as a general tool to improve hybrid performance and more efforts are necessary to evaluate the percent of success of this method. The increased carotenoid content we found in association with CRTISO heterozygosity is promising and additional experiments are currently being performed to characterize this finding.

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Hutchinson, Jade, Julian Droogan, Lise Waldek, and Brian Ballsun-Stanton. Violent Extremist & REMVE Online Ecosystems: Ecological Characteristics for Future Research & Conceptualization. RESOLVE Network, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/remve2022.5.

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Despite this increasing focus on violent extremist ecosystems in the online sphere, it is unclear the extent to which ecological terms in literature on extremism—and particularly literature focused on the online space—are empirically validated or even consistently used. Indeed, there remain fundamental gaps in understanding and defining what we mean when we discuss the ecology of violent extremism and online violent extremist ecosystems. These gaps have notable implications for defining what an online ecosystem actually is—including its characteristics, impact, scope, and reach—and identifying appropriate policy responses to address them. This is of particular importance in the context of the growing volume of studies looking at racially and ethnically motivated (REMVE) communities online and across multiple platforms. Based on findings from a structured literature review examining the use of terms “ecosystem” and “ecology” in terrorism and violent extremism studies and related disciplines, this research brief presents a list of ten ecological characteristics for further consideration by those working in research, policy, and practice focused on online violent extremist ecosystems. Brief examples are provided of how these characteristics might be conceptualized in research into REMVE online ecosystems, given the increased attention REMVE online ecosystems have garnered in recent years. This review of the literature indicates that the concepts and terms “ecosystem” and “ecology” have potential, if limited, analytical utility for policymakers and academics, beyond their descriptive and currently largely metaphorical use in the literature. Despite the clear limitations which accompany the translation of natural science terminology into terrorism and violent extremism studies, certain characteristics of ecosystems may present specific analytical perspectives useful to those seeking to address or study terrorism and violent extremism online. For instance, although digital environments are not true ecological systems in the biological sense, delineating and defining conceptual components of an ecosystem may provide a shared conception when used to describe how extremist violence emerges from online environments, or when used to interpret these descriptions in a policy and practice setting. Descriptive definitions and the proposed advantages and limitations of using characteristics related to ecosystems are addressed in the following sections.

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Gonzalez Diez, Verónica M., John Redwood, and Lourdes Alvarez Prado. IDB-9: IDB Integrated Strategy for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation, and Sustainable and Renewable Energy. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010531.

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This paper reviews the Inter-American Development Bank¿s Integrated Strategy for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation, and Sustainable and Renewable Energy (CCS). The Strategy was produced as a requirement of the IDB-9 Agreement and approved by Board of Executive Directors in March 2011. Management produced an Action Plan for the CCS in February 2012. Although the IDB-9 also mentions "food security" as a sector priority, the CCS does not include this topic, nor does it discuss "protection of the environment" more generally. In reviewing this and other sector strategies mandated in IDB-9, the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) asks two questions: Does it make sense? and Does it make a difference? The CCS is based on strong analytical work, though it does not prioritize among different agendas/instruments or highlight a key comparative advantage of the Bank: the IDB¿s ability to use technical cooperation grants to help its client countries prepare new investment operations and build needed institutional capacity. The CCS does not identify risks or provide indicators and a monitoring and evaluation framework for implementing the Strategy. IDB-9 provides a lending target of 25% by 2015 for operations for climate change, renewable energy, and sustainable environment. The number of operations has indeed increased over time. In January 2012, the Office of Strategic Planning and Development Effectiveness approved guidelines for classifying lending program priorities (GN-2650) to help ensure consistent classification and compliance with IDB-9 lending targets. These guidelines are very broad and have led to classifying about one-third of the IDB portfolio under these objectives in 2011 and 2012. It is unclear whether these numbers accurately reflect the actual size of the climate change portfolio. The Bank¿s internal staff capacity in the area of climate change has grown. The formal establishment of a Climate Change and Sustainability Division not only signals a more permanent Bank institutional commitment in and to this area, but also reportedly gives the unit greater autonomy and flexibility in terms of the operations it leads or co-leads with other divisions, including the division responsible for private sector operations. However, it is not clear if creating a new parallel sector division is the most appropriate and effective way of mainstreaming climate change considerations in the operations of other sectors. In sum, although the IDB has taken positive steps to increase its focus on climate change and environmental sustainability, the CSS is more of a conceptual document and an institutional confirmation of an evolving new area of engagement than a strategy to prioritize and guide this work.

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Teacher Training through Open, Distance and Technology-Enabled Learning in Rwanda. Commonwealth of Learning (COL), November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/11599/5506.

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This baseline study focuses on analyzing policies and practices related to open and distance learning (ODL) and technology-enabled learning (TEL) in teacher education in Rwanda. The research, adopting a descriptive survey design, examines the status of ODL and TEL for teacher training, identifies challenges in policy practices, and proposes mitigating strategies. The findings underscore the Rwandan government's commitment to enhancing the teaching profession, with a significant increase in teaching staff across all educational levels. However, despite improvements, pupil-to-teacher ratios remain higher than Sub-Saharan Africa averages, signaling the need for increased efforts to train more teachers. The study highlights the historical emphasis on leveraging ODL and TEL in education, particularly after the 1994 genocide. Various ICT-related policies advocate for integrating technology into teacher training, but several key policies and strategies remain in draft form, indicating a gap in formal approval. Regarding ICT penetration in schools, the government has adopted smart classrooms and increased connectivity, yet challenges like maintenance and server capacity affect learning platforms' reliability. The University of Rwanda's College of Education offers blended learning, but the roadmap for ODL is unclear. The study recommends leveraging ODL/TEL as a cost-effective pathway to address the shortage of qualified teachers. It emphasises the importance of clear strategies, guidelines, and the use of MOOCs and OER for flexible continuing professional development and academic teacher education programmes. The Ministry of Education is encouraged to establish an open access repository for OER and formulate a comprehensive strategy for harnessing ODL/TEL for teacher education and professional development.

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