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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Classics of world science"

Markova, Lyudmila A. "Max Weber on Science, in the Context of Our Days Thinking." Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences 63, no. 8 (December 1, 2020): 56–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2020-63-8-56-71.

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Max Weber analyzes the science of the Modern Period. The revolution in physics at the beginning of the 20th century, the creation of quantum mechanics bring to the fore another type of scientific thinking. It is important to note that past knowledge in this case is not refuted, not destroyed, it becomes marginal and enters into communication with its competitor. It is this type of communication with Weber’s philosophy of scientific thinking that helps us to understand its specificity. According to Weber, new knowledge is derived from the previous one, refuting its truth. On this basis, Weber writes that science is different from the art, where the created works retain their significance regardless of the time when they were created. For modern science the predecessor is necessary as another, without which not any communication is possible. Classical science, about which Weber writes, is necessary and continues to function. Satisfying the reemerging needs of society, it can detect previously hidden possibilities and, at the same time, encourage new scientific thinking to strengthen its position.The concept of revolution disappears gradually from the works on science. Instead, sociological concepts such as an innovation center or a technopark that combine simultaneously changes in the logic of knowledge and in the technical equipment of society are becoming popular. Logical and social characteristics of science are combined, the boundary between them becomes less noticeable. If in the era of classics the artificial world surrounding man was built on the basis of the laws of nature, now it is being created on the basis of the laws of thinking. For Weber, this world was silent and dead, this is what classical science testified to. Now the world around us is endowed with artificial intelligence, and we must be able to communicate with it. To understand Weber, it is necessary to establish contact with the world of classics, and not to try to destroy it and to declare it worthless.

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Лазарев, Валерий, and Valyeriy Lazaryev. "Interpretation of Law: Classics, Modern and Postmodern." Journal of Russian Law 4, no. 8 (August 8, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/20900.

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The article expresses the views on the controversial attitudes relating to the interpretation of law at different stages of development of science in general and legal science in particular. Tracing the respective changes, the author comes to the conclusion that classics was based on the rule of law; art Nouveau was aimed to destroy the rule of law; postmodern — on departure from reality. In the postmodern world-both legislator, and his will — are all the essence of fiction. Classical science was concerned to establish the objective truth; modernism believes all truth is relative; the postmodern — denies the establishment of the truth. The author suggests the answer to the question as to where the perspectives of the science lie should be sought in the realm of conjunction of natural and humanitarian sciences. And in the context of such cognitive-information theory the author draws the attention to importance of modern scientific trend-memetics and the use thereof in the field of jurisprudence. As a subtype of memetics the author suggests to introduce the notion of lawmemetics to be employed to study the two types of the mems: the entity of legal reality and the entity of psychological reality. The substantial aspect memetics is called to be the resumption and poliform-like repetition of what was originally coded as the mem information and was designed to secure its values as applied to the new circumstances of place and time.

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Greenwood, Emily. "Reception Studies: The Cultural Mobility of Classics." Daedalus 145, no. 2 (April 2016): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00374.

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In spite of connotations of classics and the classical as an established tradition based around a stable canon, Greek and Roman classical antiquity has never been a fixed object of study. It has changed as our knowledge of ancient Greece and Rome has grown and shifted, and as a function of history, intellectual movements, and taste. Classicists have turned to classical reception studies in an attempt to chart some of the different encounters that various historical audiences have had with Greek and Roman classics, and this wave of research poses interdisciplinary questions about the relation of Greek and Roman classics to world literatures and cultures. The emphasis on classical reception studies offers fresh ways of thinking about the cultural mobility of the classics without appealing to discredited, old-fashioned notions of “timeless importance” or “universal value.” This debate is explored here via a Malawian reception of Sophocles's Antigone.

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Joas, Hans, and Kenneth B. Woodgate. "The Classics of Sociology and the First World War." Thesis Eleven 27, no. 1 (August 1990): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/072551369002700108.

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Ooi, Kee Beng. "Revisiting Two Classics: Charting the Mental World of the Oppressed." Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia 24, no. 1 (January 31, 2007): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/sj24-1d.

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Koshovets, Olga B., and Igor E. Frolov. "Brave New World." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 57, no. 1 (2020): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps20205712.

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The article focuses on the crucial changes that science as an established social institution and an epistemological enterprise is undergoing, the key one is the loss of its monopoly on the production of socially useful knowledge and gradual transformation into something new, which, due to institutional and cultural reasons, we continue to call ‘science’. We suppose that the most appropriate conceptualization of the new phenomenon, which is replacing science as an institution, is “technoscience”, since the technical component in scientific practices has now taken a dominant position and technology production has become more important than fundamental knowledge. Technoscience has at least two sources: 1) capitalization of scientific activity that has led to classical science has been replaced with technoscience developing on first-priority funded applied research; 2) theorization and autonomy of the techno sphere, which have resulted in instrumentalization of all levels of knowledge production as well as in technological / symbolic construction of reality and tangled ontology of technoscientific objects. We discuss both of these sources, with particular attention being paid to such trends as epistemic strategies transformation, modified reality, social sciences and humanities conformation to technoscience norms, and knowledge bearers egalitarianization. A crucial transformation of both science itself and its position in society breaks inevitably a demarcation line that separates scientific knowledge from other types of knowledge while promotes the replacement of scientific theory with discourses. Apparently, in “technoscience” an ethos of its own is being formed, where interaction with the “external environment” (with other social spheres) is crucial. In this context, scientific activity is becoming more and more transepistemic, transinstitutional practice, and accordingly ceases to be guided by the classical scientific ethos determined by the goals and objectives of academic community itself.

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Bridges, Emma, and Henry Stead. "Reception." Greece and Rome 66, no. 2 (September 19, 2019): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383519000147.

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As the editors ofOnce and Future Antiquitiespoint out in their preface, ‘science fiction, fantasy, and the classics have in common the effect of inviting us to reconsider (by speculating, by imagining, by contextualizing) our own world anew’ (xi). The fourteen wide-ranging chapters in this volume eloquently illustrate this point. Contributors explore the multiple ways in which the genres of science fiction and fantasy (SF&F) engage with, respond to, and cast new light on cultural artefacts, story patterns, and characters from the ancient Greek and Roman worlds, reflecting too on how these receptions respond to contemporary preoccupations. Appropriately for a volume on classical receptions, the contributions are all linked by the unifying theme of ‘displacements’ – a concept which refers here both to the movement of ideas, texts, and themes across time and space, and to the disruption of perceived genre boundaries or preconceived ideas about the relationship between receiving and source texts or cultures.

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Alekseeva, T. A., and A. P. Mineyev. "Naturalism and political science: adaptation to the non-classical world picture." Journal of Law and Administration 16, no. 1 (April 11, 2020): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2020-1-54-14-27.

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Introduction. One of the greatest achievements of the humanity is obviously the recognition of the systematic unity of the natural and social knowledge. However, this recognition was not constant. The emergence, development and history of political sciences reflected it rather evidently, tending to go from one extreme to another – from identifying its methods with those of positive science to pretending to be unique or even universal. All these questions acquired special importance in the new non-classical world, but the adaptation of political sciences to a new type of thinking meets considerable difficulties.Methods of study. The main method of the study is comparative analysis of the variations to connect philosophical and substantive (ontological and epistemological) tools with political and applied ones of researching political and international political processes and phenomena. Moreover, the authors also used the interpretation approach.Results. The analysis of the most significant approaches towards the political and international processes demonstrate that the acceptance of the new postulates of non-classical and post-nonclassical pictures of the world is quite complicated. Simultaneously with the preservation of the pure mechanistic, approach some of the elements of the new world pictures were taken from quantum physics, biology. The chance factor and the rejection of the casual relationships were also taken into consideration. Nevertheless, it is better to speak not about the transfer of the methods and approaches from natural to political sciences, but about the attempts to build “weak” theories or analogues of theories (for instance, quantum-like theories). Nevertheless, generally speaking, political as well as other social sciences tend to be developing capturing the zeitgeist.Discussion and Conclusions. The adaptation of political sciences to new scientific pictures of the world is inevitable, but limited by definition: for all unity of knowledge as such, their methods and tools are very different and even undergo such significant changes and simplifications in the process of adaptation that they often retain only the names and imitations of the methodologies of other sciences. And yet, at least we have to go in parallel. But some caution here would not hurt at all.

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Zhang, Yanqing, Jianying Lou, and Zhiqi Cheng. "A Study on the Translation of Cultural Classics Based on Deep Learning Methods." Scientific Programming 2022 (May 9, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1026926.

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China’s cultural classics have high artistic and ideological values in the world, which implies China’s historical heritage and the inheritance of the cultural situation of the Chinese nation for thousands of years. At present, with the rapid development of China’s economy, especially in the development environment of cultural globalization, China’s traditional cultural classics have attracted worldwide attention along with historical and cultural treasures. In fact, other countries need to translate cultural classics out of their love for China’s cultural classics or academic research. However, there are a large number of cultural classics in China. According to relevant data, there are approximately 35,000 kinds of cultural classics, out of which only 0.2% are translated into foreign languages. In order to make China’s excellent cultural classics known to the world and let more people in other countries understand Chinese culture, this paper studies the translation of cultural classics through in-depth learning. Firstly, this paper introduces the basic concept of deep learning and proposes an algorithm that deeply studies the convolution layer and pool layer. Secondly, the algorithm establishes a deep learning model that calculates and counts the text information of ancient books through explicit intertextuality. Thirdly, the model carries out automatic text translation and lists the analysis process of cultural classics translation based on intertextuality, so as to study cultural classics translation. The obtained results can promote the development of cultural classics translation in China. For the translation of complex cultural classics, the effects of the three models are tested experimentally, of which the sequence model (seq) is the best. This model is fast and simple to extract the text of literary classics.

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Qu, Jingdong. "Back to historical views, reconstructing the sociological imagination: The new tradition of classical and historical studies in the modern Chinese transformation." Chinese Journal of Sociology 3, no. 1 (January 2017): 135–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057150x16686260.

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Historical perspectives are a means of reconstructing the sociological imagination, as classical sociologists did. There are many historical dimensions in Karl Marx’s social studies: dialectical analysis of the present as history; reconstructed narratives of historical events; and finally, evolution of family, ownership, state, and social formations. Likewise, in order to understand the reality of Chinese society, we need to examine the transformation of modern Chinese social thought and its contexts. By reinterpreting the Theory of the Three Epochs from the classic Spring and Autumn Annals, Kang Youwei proposed that the establishment of the Idea of Cosmic Unity as the universal value for world history and the building of the Confucian religion for the cultivation of mores had resulted in the successful transformation of Chinese society from the Era of War to the Era of Peace. In contrast, Zhang Taiyan upheld the tradition of ‘Six Classics are all Histories’ and furthered the academic change of focus from classics to history, which Wang Guowei and Chen Yinque carried out. Through the method of synthetical deduction in the social sciences, Wang Guowei interpreted classics historically in Institutional Change in the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, confirming the original principle of the Zhou regime and etiquette on the basis of the patriarchal clan system and its emphasis on law, mores, and institutions. On the other hand, Chen Yinque thoroughly investigated the Middle Period of Chinese history from the perspectives of concourse and inter-attestation and outlined a historical landscape of interfusion between Hu and Han nationalities, the mixing of various religions, the migrations of diverse groups, and the integration of different cultures and mores. In short, there are two waves of intellectual change in the Chinese modern transformation, which together have established the new discipline of Classical and Historical Studies as well as the subsequent institutional and spiritual sources of social and political construction.

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Дисертації з теми "Classics of world science"

Price, L. "Serious leisure in the digital world : exploring the information behaviour of fan communities." Thesis, City, University of London, 2017. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/19090/.

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This research investigates the information behaviour of cult media fan communities on the internet, using three novel methods which have not previously been applied to this domain. Firstly, a review, analysis and synthesis of the literature related to fan information behaviour, both within the disciplines of LIS and fan studies, revealed unique aspects of fan information behaviour, particularly in regards to produsage, copyright, and creativity. The findings from this literature analysis were subsequently investigated further using the Delphi method and tag analysis. A new Delphi variant – the Serious Leisure Delphi – was developed through this research. The Delphi study found that participants expressed the greatest levels of consensus on statements on fan behaviour that were related to information behaviour and information-related issues. Tag analysis was used in a novel way, as a tool to examine information behaviour. This found that fans have developed a highly granular classification system for fanworks, and that on one particular repository a ‘curated folksonomy’ was being used with great success. Fans also use tags for a variety of reasons, including communicating with one another, and writing meta-commentary on their posts. The research found that fans have unique information behaviours related to classification, copyright, entrepreneurship, produsage, mentorship and publishing. In the words of Delphi participants – “being in fandom means being in a knowledge space,” and “fandom is a huge information hub just by existing”. From these findings a model of fan information behaviour has been developed, which could be further tested in future research.

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Ulas, Luke. "Realising cosmopolitanism : the role of a world state." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/809/.

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The central claim of this work is straightforward: if one endorses cosmopolitan principles of distributive justice, then one ought also to be a world statist. This is not the generally held view. Institutionally, cosmopolitans have tended to endorse – when they have endorsed any particular institutions at all – either modified and enhanced versions of today's domestic state system, or ‘intermediary’ institutional constructs that are conceptualised as sitting apart from both the domestic state system and a world state. I aim to demonstrate that, from a cosmopolitan perspective, these are inferior alternatives, and to make the case for a federal world state. The point of such a project is to confront cosmopolitan moral theory with its radical institutional implications, which its proponents have often ignored or resisted. In making this argument, after underlining conceptual and empirical difficulties for the idea of ‘cosmopolitan law’ without strong central government, I pay extended attention to what has been described as cosmopolitanism’s ‘solidarity problem’, which recognises that there is currently little appetite among the global population for distributing resources or otherwise changing behaviours and practices so as to realise cosmopolitan distributive principles. I consider three approaches to this problem: the possibility of the principled transformation of domestic states; the development of a sense of global community; and an emphasis upon the harnessing of self-interested motivations. In each case I demonstrate the importance of the transcendence of the domestic state system, and global political integration. Thereafter, I directly address various ‘intermediary’ institutional prescriptions, arguing that in many respects they are less clearly distinguishable from a world state than their authors believe, and that where they are distinguishable this represents a disadvantage with respect to the realisation of cosmopolitan ends when compared to a world state. Finally, I consider and reject a range of common critiques of the world state itself, while emphasising that many of these critiques in fact function as critiques of cosmopolitan distributive theory, rendering them unavailable to the cosmopolitan theorists who are my intended audience.

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Bittarello, Maria Beatrice. "The re-creation of ancient classical religions on the World Wide Web : Neopaganism as contemporary mythopoesis." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/226.

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The thesis argues that Neopaganism on the Web is an example of mythopoesis and aims at showing both the novelty and the limits of such mythopoesis. I use the term "mythopoesis" in its original Greek meaning, i.e. "the creation (the making/crafting) of a myth or myths", thus stressing the dynamic way in which the process of creation (of myths, rituals, divinities, identities—all implicitly or explicitly played out, connected, and organised as "stories", which can be told, written or performed, as well as represented as images) unfolds in Neopaganism. Neopagan mythopoesis on the Web is new, original, and structurally different from other previous and contemporary examples of mythopoesis, either religious or not, since it does not refuse, put aside, or implicitly contradict, the rational framework elaborated by Western culture. The research involves exploring the contemporary cultural and historical context that allows for mythopoesis to take place and the technology that allows for it to develop. It analyses the key features of Neopaganism on the Web as they emerge from the mythopoeic recreation of two ancient goddesses (Gaia, and Artemis/Diana) and an ancient ritual (the Eleusinian mysteries). In covering several different fields (from ancient religions, to the Internet, to myth and ritual theory), and in examining a range of heterogeneous materials (from ancient texts, Neopagan hymns and art, to hypertexts), the analysis adopts an interdisciplinary approach.

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Fleming, K. M. A. "Classics and the Second World War : appropriations of antiquity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599072.

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This thesis examines the immediate impact of the Second World War on classics and the classical tradition. I begin with a study of Jean Anouilh’s Antigone. Now understood almost by default (at least outside France) as the tragedy of a Résistante, in fact, Antigone was neither embraced by the Resistance as a sister-in-arms, nor was the play received by the German or collaborationist press as an attack on the Nazi occupiers or the Vichy government. It was, however, politically controversial, becoming the focus of intense debate. In this chapter I examine the significance of the critical response to the play. The importance of this Antigone generally reflects the long tradition of European criticism on the Antigone story, but the historical circumstances of the play’s production and its consequent reception reveal much about the dynamics of the appropriation of antiquity in the twentieth century. My second chapter focuses on Dialektik der Aufklärung: Philosophische Fragmente by Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno. To answer the question of how the Enlightenment project could have failed so miserably to present the kind of barbarity typified by fascism, Horkheimer and Adorno turn to the Odyssey. Here those patterns of dominating reason, which recurrently emerge in the European mind, are first to be found and exposed. No doubt the text uses the Odyssey to construct its theory but, beyond this, I argue that Dialektik also offers a radical and damning critique of (German) Philhellenism. Dialektik der Aufklärung is a text which performs its own complicated role in enlightened thinking. The authors’ reading of the Odyssey, in its elusiveness, reflects this tortured dialectic. My final chapter takes its initial focus from Martin Heidegger’s Brief über den Humanismus. The way in which the politics of the 1930s and 40s are refracted through the philosophy of Heidegger has long been a concern for those interested in the intellectual history of the twentieth century. To some extent Heidegger’s Brief constitutes a reflection on his own political engagement with Nazism, particularly in its confrontation of the accusation that his ontological philosophy was practised at the expense of ethics.

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Martinez, Morales Jennifer. "Women and war in Classical Greece." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2042479/.

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This thesis examines the lives of women in Classical Greece in the context of war. War is often regarded as the domain of men but actually it is a social phenomenon where everybody is involved. Scholarship has begun to be interested in issues of women and war in Classical Greece, while they are insightful and demonstrate portions of women’s experience, studies to date have not attempted to create a holistic view. In such studies, women are generally depicted as a single homogeneous group, their involvement in war is viewed as limited and exceptional, and they are only seen as the marginal victims of war. This thesis, by contrast, strongly argues for diversity in women’s experiences during war. It demonstrates the centrality of war to women’s lives in Classical Greece, as well as how women’s experience might vary according to (for example) their social and economic circumstances. By analysing both written sources and archaeological material across the Classical period, this thesis intends to produce a broader perspective. By providing the first full-length study on the subject, this thesis, thus, contributes to the disciplines of both gender studies and warfare studies. This thesis begins by investigating the way in which ancient sources outlined wartime boundaries for women. While there were no formal ‘rules of war’, ancient writers nonetheless suggest that there were certain social conventions particular to the treatment of women in Classical Greece at times of war. As chapter 1 shows, perhaps surprisingly, women were not always evacuated from their communities as is commonly thought, they were not supposed to be maltreated, nor killed in Classical Greek warfare. Chapter 2 then examines ancient authors’ positive and negative evaluations on the behaviour of women in war. By analysing the way in which different sources rationalized women’s wartime behaviour, this thesis shows that there existed boundaries for women in war. Having established women’s potential involvement in war, an exploration follows of their contributions to the war effort, both in the city and abroad. Two observations emerge from chapter 3. First, women were heavily involved in crucial wartime activities such as defending the city, distribution of food and missiles, giving military advice, among others. However, they also participated in negative and traitorous wartime behaviour such as facilitating enemy soldiers to escape a city under conflict. Second, their wartime contributions were not perceived to be ‘breaking social norms’ as is commonly maintained in much scholarly discussion. In chapter 4, the analyses of the different social and economic impacts of war on women reveals that war affected them directly through their experience of evacuations and their necessity to find employment due to wartime poverty, but war also affected women in more insidious ways, especially in their family life and relationships. Finally, chapter 5 then analyses the impact of war with special reference to women’s experiences in post-war contexts such as captivity, slavery, and rape and sexual violence. By showing the variety of experiences and how there existed selection processes with regards to women, this chapter demonstrates that not all women were going to experience the same fates after war. The result is the emergence of a rounded picture of the wartime lives of women in Classical Greece.

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Vassileva, Svetla. "The word and conjugacy problems in classes of solvable groups." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66827.

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This thesis is a survey of certain algorithmic problems in group theory and their computational complexities. In particular, it consists of a detailed review of the decidability and complexity of the word and conjugacy problems in several classes of solvable groups, followed by two original results. The first result states that the Conjugacy Problem in wreath products which satisfy certain elementary conditions is decidable in polynomial time. It is largely based on work by Jane Matthews, published in 1969. The second result, based on ideas of Remeslennikov and Sokolov (1970), and Myasnikov, Roman'kov, Ushakov and Vershik (2008) gives a uniform polynomial time algorithm to decide the Conjugacy Problem in free solvable groups.
Cette thèse est une synthèse de certains problèmes algorithmiques dans la thèoriedes groupes et leur complexité computationnelle. Plus particulièrement, elle présenteune revue détaillée de la décidabilité et de la complexité des problèmes du mot et dela conjugaison dans plusieurs classes de groupes solubles, suivie de deux nouveauxrésultats. Le premier résultat énonce que le problème de la conjugaison dans lesproduits couronne qui satisfont certaines conditions élémentaires est décidable entemps polynomial. Elle part d'une publication de Jane Matthews (1969). Le deuxièmerésultat, basé sur des idées de Remeslennikov et Sokolov (1970) et de Myasnikov, Roman'kov,Ushakov et Vershik (2008), présente un algorithme en temps polynomial uniformepour décider le problème de conjugaison dans les groupes solubles libres.

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Honeycutt, Scott, Karin J. Keith, and Renee Rice Moran. "Connecting Disciplinary Content to Rediscover the Relevance in the Classics." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3608.

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This presentation describes English curriculum developed with biology and chemistry teachers that includes hand-on activities used when reading classics like The Great Gatsby, The Crucible, and others. to create metaphors, understand complex ideas, and make connections between disciplinary content. This content is then used to construct argumentative writing.

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Pinegar, Adriana. "Glimpses of World War II in Denmark: Memory and History in Frayn's Copenhagen and Sibbern's Resistance Scrapbook." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5564.

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The relationship between history and memory is long and complex. While some theorists argue that they are at odds with one another, this thesis explores the necessary relationship between the two. Using Michael Frayn's 1998 play, Copenhagen, and the scrapbook of a Danish police officer and resistance fighter during World War II, the author posits the central role of uncertainty in the negotiation of individual memory and history. The position of the observer or witness to history affects the way the past is remembered and recorded. Individual witnesses, even and perhaps especially where they stray from the accepted historical narrative, testify to something that would otherwise be lost: the nature of the event. The observer therefore plays an important role in interpreting the testimony according to its place in the flow of time.

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Langley, Paul. "World financial orders and world financial centres : an historical international political economy." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/698.

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Attempts to comprehend contemporary world finance are confronted by a dual problematic: inquiry encounters not only significant change that cannot easily be captured, but also the predominance of neo-classical economics as a mode of knowledge. By taking as its starting point existing research in the field of International Political Economy (IPE) and grounding inquiry in an 'Historical IPE' approach, 'World Financial Orders and World Financial Centres' offers an alternative mode of knowledge of contemporary world finance. An Historical IPE of world finance proceeds by focusing upon the changing organisation of world credit practices since the seventeenth century. World credit practices are organised in the context of the structures of power in successive social orders, that is, world financial orders. Relative stability in world financial orders is reproduced by structures of authority which articulate interdependent relationships between state, civil and market institutions in the organisation of world credit practices. World financial centres (WFCs) are identified as necessary to an understanding of world finance in two main senses. First, WFCs are the key social spaces for world finance, where world credit practices and the material, ideational and institutional forces that frame them become centralised. Second, WFCs are key spaces of authority in world finance, the social loci for the reproduction of world financial orders. It is shown that periods of relative stability in successive world financial orders tend to coincide with the dominance of a single WFC. With the present standing of New York, London and Tokyo as a 'triad' of WFCs, contemporary world finance is characterised by its 'unstable reproduction'.

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Ahmed, Ejaz. "Understanding objects in the visual world." Thesis, University of Maryland, College Park, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3712010.

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One way to understand the visual world is by reasoning about the objects present in it: their type, their location, their similarities, their layout etc. Despite several successes, detailed recognition remains a challenging tasks for current computer vision systems. This dissertation focuses on building systems that improve on the state-of-the-art on several fronts. On one hand, we propose better representations of visual categories that enable more accurate reasoning about their properties. To learn such representations, we employ machine learning methods that leverage the power of big-data. On the other hand, we present solutions to make current frameworks more efficient without losing on performance.

The first part of the dissertation focuses on improvements in efficiency. We first introduce a fast automated mechanism for selecting a diverse set of discriminative filters and show that one can efficiently learn a universal model of filter "goodness" based on properties of the filter itself. As an alternative to the expensive evaluation of filters, which is often the bottleneck in many techniques, our method has the potential of dramatically altering the trade-off between the accuracy of a filter based method and the cost of training. Second, we present a method for linear dimensionality reduction which we call composite discriminant factor analysis (CDF). CDF searches for a discriminative but compact feature subspace in which the classifiers can be trained, leading to an order of magnitude saving in detection time.

In the second part, we focus on the problem of person re-identification, an important component of surveillance systems. We present a deep learning architecture that simultaneously learns features and computes their corresponding similarity metric. Given a pair of images as input, our network outputs a similarity value indicating whether the two input images depict the same person. We propose new layers which capture local relationships among mid-level features, produce a high-level summary of these relationships and spatially integrate them to give a holistic representation.

In the final part, we present a semantic object selection framework that uses natural language input to perform image editing. In the general context of interactive object segmentation, many of the methods that utilize user input (such as mouse clicks and mouse strokes) often require significant user intervention. In this work, we present a system with a far simpler input method: the user only needs to give the name of the desired object. For this problem we present a solution which borrows ideas from image retrieval, segmentation propagation, object localization and convolution neural networks.

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Книги з теми "Classics of world science"

Wells, H. G. The war of the worlds and other science fiction classics. New York, NY: Fall River Press, 2012.

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Huxley, Aldous. Brave new world: And, Brave new world revisited. New York: HarperCollins, 2004.

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Huxley, Aldous. Brave new world: And, Brave new world revisited. New York: HarperCollins, 2004.

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Huxley, Aldous. Brave new world. New Brunswick, N.J: Transaction, 1999.

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Plato. Republic. Wordsworth Classics of World Literature, 1997.

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Gustave, Flaubert. Salammbo (World Classics. Distribooks, 1999.

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K, Dick Philip. Counter-Clock World (Voyager Classics). Voyager, 2003.

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Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. The Social Contract: Or Principles of Political Right (Classics of World Literature) (Classics of World Literature). NTC/Contemporary Publishing Company, 1998.

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Conan, Doyle Arthur. The Lost World (Puffin Classics). Penguin Children's Audiobooks, 1998.

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Conan, Doyle Arthur. The Lost World (Tor Classics). Tor Classics, 1997.

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Частини книг з теми "Classics of world science"

Webb, Stephen. "The Sub-Microscopic World." In New Light Through Old Windows: Exploring Contemporary Science Through 12 Classic Science Fiction Tales, 261–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03195-4_11.

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Gabbert, Paula, and Kevin Treu. "Simulation of Real-world Development Processes in Computer Science Classes." In Networking the Learner, 495–503. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35596-2_49.

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Morozov, Mikhail, Alexey Gerasimov, Mikhail Fominykh, and Andrey Smorkalov. "Asynchronous Immersive Classes in a 3D Virtual World: Extended Description of vAcademia." In Transactions on Computational Science XVIII, 81–100. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38803-3_5.

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Kirchoff, Bruce. "First principles: explaining science through stories." In Presenting science concisely, 1–7. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789246995.0001.

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Abstract This chapter discusses how to explain science through stories, and how the scientific process is the story in itself. The scientific process has the same structure as a story. The process begins when a scientist finds a problem with existing knowledge. She forms a new hypothesis, generates data, and finally interprets the data and draws conclusions. This process matches the way stories have been told since time immemorial. A character is introduced in the context of the world as it exists (the current state of knowledge). Something happens (conflicting data) that causes them to question that world and changes their goals (the new hypothesis). They set out on an adventure (data collection, testing the hypothesis) with occasional setbacks (problems, unexpected results). Eventually they reach their goal (results) with new knowledge for the world (conclusions and significance). A new synthesis is reached. Existing knowledge is changed. The process begins again. It is a classic story played out in experiments and published in scientific journals.

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Zhai, Yujia, Alec McGail, and Ying Ding. "Elapsed Collective Memory: Looking for the Forgotten Classic Works in Library and Information Science." In Information for a Better World: Shaping the Global Future, 61–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96957-8_7.

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Rihll, T. E. "The Oxford Handbook of Engineering and Technology in the Classical World edited by J.P. Oleson." In Aestimatio: Critical Reviews in the History of Science (Volume 5), edited by Alan C. Bowen and Tracey E. Rihll, 93–132. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463232412-014.

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Seligman, Erik. "Science and Skepticism." In Math Mutation Classics, 85–99. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-1892-1_7.

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Nokeri, Tshepo Chris. "Back to the Classics." In Data Science Revealed, 153–61. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6870-4_9.

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Miedema, Frank. "Science in Transition How Science Goes Wrong and What to Do About It." In Open Science: the Very Idea, 67–108. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2115-6_3.

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AbstractScience in Transition, which started in 2013, is a small-scale Dutch initiative that presented a systems approach, comprised of analyses and suggested actions, based on experience in academia. It was built on writings by early science watchers and most recent theoretical developments in philosophy, history and sociology of science and STS on the practice and politics of science. This chapter will include my personal experiences as one of the four Dutch founders of Science in Transition. I will discuss the message and the various forms of reception over the past 6 years by the different actors in the field, including administrators in university, academic societies and Ministries of Higher Education, Economic Affairs and Public Health but also from leadership in the private sector. I will report on my personal experience of how these myths and ideologies play out in the daily practice of 40 years of biomedical research in policy and decision making in lab meetings, at departments, at grant review committees of funders and in the Board rooms and the rooms of Deans, Vice Chancellors and Rectors.It has in the previous chapters become clear that the ideology and ideals that we are brought up with are not valid, are not practiced despite that even in 2020 they are still somehow ‘believed’ by most scientists and even by many science watchers, journalists and used in political correct rhetoric and policy making by science’s leadership. In that way these ideologies and beliefs mostly implicitly but sometimes even explicitly determine debates regarding the internal policy of science and science policy in the public arena. These include all time classic themes like the uniqueness of science compared to any other societal activity; ethical superiority of science and scientists based on Mertonian norms; the vocational disinterested search for truth, autonomy; values and moral (political) neutrality, dominance of internal epistemic values and unpredictability regards impact. These ideas have influenced debates about the ideal and hegemony of natural science, the hierarchy of basic over applied science; theoretical over technological research and at a higher level in academic institutions and at the funders the widely held supremacy of STEM over SSH. This has directly determined the attitudes of scientists in the interaction with peers within the field, but also shaped the politics of science within science but also with policy makers and stakeholders from the public and private sector and with interactions with popular media.Science it was concluded was suboptimal because of growing problems with the quality and reproducibility of its published products due to failing quality control at several levels. Because of too little interactions with society during the phases of agenda setting and the actual process of knowledge production, its societal impact was limited which also relates to the lack of inclusiveness, multidisciplinarity and diversity in academia. Production of robust and significant results aiming at real world problems are mainly secondary to academic output relevant for an internally driven incentive and reward system steering for academic career advancement at the individual level. Similarly, at the higher organizational and national level this reward system is skewed to types of output and impact focused on positions on international ranking lists. This incentive and reward system, with flawed use of metrics, drives a hyper-competitive social system in academia which results in a widely felt lack of alignment and little shared value in the academic community. Empirical data, most of it from within science and academia, showing these problems in different academic disciplines, countries and continents are published on virtually a weekly basis since 2014. These critiques focus on the practices of scholarly publishing including Open Access and open data, the adverse effects of the incentive and reward system, in particular its flawed use of metrics. Images, ideologies and politics of science were exposed that insulate academia and science from society and its stakeholders, which distort the research agenda and subsequentially its societal and economic impact.

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"Classical and Contemporary Science." In Weaving the World, 37–66. University of Notre Dame Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv19m64qx.7.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Classics of world science"

Nash, Susan. "Mobile Learning Cognitive Architecture and the Study of Literature." In InSITE 2007: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3179.

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The growing popularity of mobile devices, coupled with the ever-increasing number of high-quality e-books available for free download is causing a re-examination of core curriculum and instructional philosophies. Perhaps the most - making “great books” programs available and accessible - newly interesting, despite misgivings and political correctness of the last few decades. Distance learning via mobile devices, which incorporate some of the techniques of television and film, has made the classics of literature available and allowed people to have access to classics at a very low cost. At the same time, it has re-animated debates about the nature of study of comparative literature in a globalized world.

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Cordero, Alberto. "Classical Properties in a Quantum-Mechanical World." In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the International Academy of the Philosophy of Science. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812776617_0008.

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Abbasov, P. I., S. A. Shadrina, A. D. Belogolova, M. S. Shelygin, E. M. Bogdanova, and G. V. Dolgov. "Outstanding French obstetrician, professor Adolphe Pinard." In General question of world science. НИЦ "LJournal", 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gqws-01-2022-02.

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This article presents biographical information about Adolphe Pinard - a French obstetrician, professor, author of an extensive monograph "Traite du palper abdominal", which still remains a classic work on obstetric research, is presented.

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Pinar-Pérez, Jesús María, María Fernandez-Moya, Pedro Cuadros-Solas, Carlos Salvador, and Roberto Morales-Arsenal. "A New Methodology to Construct a Database of World University Exams." In INNODOCT 2020. Valencia: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inn2020.2020.11822.

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Since the final decades of the 20th century, university education has witnessed rapid growth. However, the quality of the education has varied a lot within the different programs around the world. How can we measure quality in university education? A number of institutions release annual global rankings of universities according to academic fields. One of the most respected lists, the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities, uses a complex methodology to rank world universities, including six objective indicators, i.e. the number of alumni and staff winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals, the number of articles published in prestigious journals, the number of Highly Cited Researchers and the number of articles indexed in Science Citation Index - Expanded and Social Sciences Citation Index produced by Web of Science Group, and per capita performance. An overview of the annual list reveals the distance between universities, and offers a picture of global university education as a highly atomized system. How can we improve the homogenization of university education around the world? This is the central question of our research. In order to answer it, we focus on the classic tool used to evaluate students: exams. The aim of our paper is to establish a methodology with which to construct a database of world university exams by academic field. The database would be available to professors and students worldwide, and both categories could use it to contrast their level in a certain subject. In this sense, our proposal aims to achieve two objectives: 1) to maximize the effectiveness of exams as a measurement of students´ knowledge; 2) to use exams as a tool to homogenize education within universities in a certain academic field.

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Perumean, Don. "The Instantaneous Friction Force Between Two Sliding Bodies When Observed From a Third Moving Body." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63092.

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Tahiri, Valbona, Astrit Denaj, Jorgo Mandili, and Fatjon Musli. "Quantum Manner of Description In The Micro world." In 2nd International Conference on Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. Acavent, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.icrset.2019.11.788.

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In the classical manner of description, implicitly is accepted the independence of physical processes by the method of observation and the possibility of accurately and completely description of each process. In quantum mechanics such abstractions, are unacceptable. It affirms that the properties of micro-objects are appeared during their interactions with the measurements apparatus, whereas the theoretical predictions are formulated as the expected results of interaction with a certain probability. The set of such interactions leads to the statistical distribution of these probabilities. In the microworld can’t be done without intermediaries. As necessity intermediaries are the measurements apparatus. In this article we will present the principal idea, that the adequate manner of description is determined by chosen method of observation. So, instead of the known concept of relativity to the calculation system (the classical manner of description), is introduced the concept of relativity at the observation tools (quantum manner of description), a more general concept than the first.

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Ilyina, Irina, Victoria Lapochkina, Elena Plekhanova, Karina Bezrodnova, and Konstantin Dikusar. "Scientific capacity of Russian universities: Problems and prospects." In Sixth World Professional Forum "The Book. Culture. Education. Innovations". Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/978-5-85638-236-4-2021-115-120.

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In the recent years, the contribution of Russian universities into science and technology has increased. The RF Government has been intensively developing and implementing instruments to support fundamental and applied sciences and to ensure implementation of their achievements into real economy and social sphere. Several Russian universities accomplish world-class studies and research, in particular, classic universities like Moscow State University, St. Petersburg State University, Ural Federal University, Tomsk State University, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI), St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. Academic science has much to offer the real sector as the universities are much closer to and has got the tighter relations with the entrepreneurial sector than the state-financed (80-90% funding) research institutes. However, average universities fall short compared to those mentioned above, partially due to the lack of extrabudgetary financing by business organizations which makes a little bit over 30%, while in the developed countries this figure sometimes exceeds 70%.

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Voronin, N. I., S. I. Kuznetsov, D. S. Kuznetsov, and P. A. Popov. "The new therapeutic complex for the treatment of unstable stenocardia at the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hyperventilation syndrome: elaboration and analysis of efficiency based on the assessment of outcomes." In General question of world science. НИЦ "LJournal", 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gqws-01-2022-09.

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The article presents data from an original study on the implementation and empirical verification of the effectiveness of the developed therapeutic complex aimed at improving the intensive treatment of the nosological association «unstable angina pectoris (as the underlying disease) + type 2 diabetes mellitus (as a background pathology) + hyperventilation syndrome (as a concomitant state)». The author's therapeutic complex is based on a controlled change in auxiliary respiratory oxygenation «downward», provided that basic pharmacotherapy must be supplemented with a balanced combination of antihypoxic drugs and antiaggregant of new generation . A comparative study of two groups of thematic patients was carried out - using the developed complex and using the «traditional approach». The complex key parameters of the outcomes of the underlying disease in patients were studied using clinical assessment of functional classes of angina pectoris and veloergometric assessment of exercise tolerance. When using the developed therapeutic complex in comparison with the «traditional approach», a fundamental improvement in the outcomes of angina pectoris was established, which was confirmed by both the ratio of functional classes and the results of bicycle ergometry. The obtained data of intergroup differences have a high level of statistical significance. This proved the significant actual effectiveness of the developed therapeutic complex. The data presented in the article are distinguished by novelty and practical applicability, which makes it possible to recommend them for further implementation in the practice of the clinic of internal diseases.

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Muriithi, Evanson M., Paul Amolo Odundo, and Ruth Kahiga Mugo. "Session 5: Inclusive Education | Expectations of Physically Disabled Students (PDS) in Science Classes in Kenya: Addressing Constraints, Prospects and Policy." In World Congress on Special Needs Education. Infonomics Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.20533/wcsne.2015.0026.

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Fadaie, Gholamreza. "The Influence of Classification on World View and Epistemology." In InSITE 2008: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3279.

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Worldview as a kind of man's look towards the world of reality has a severe influence on his classification of knowledge. In other words one may see in classification of knowledge the unity as well as plurality. This article deals with the fact that how classification takes place in man's epistemological process. Perception and epistemology are mentioned as the key points here. Philosophers are usually classifiers and their point of views forms the way they classify things and concepts. Relationship and how one looks at it in shaping the classification scheme is critical. The classifications which have been introduced up to now have had several models. They represent the kind of looking at, or point of view of their founders to the world. Aristotle, as a philosopher as well as an encyclopedist, is one of the great founders of knowledge classification. Afterwards the Islamic scholars followed him while some few rejected his model and made some new ones. If we divide all classifications according to their roots we may define them as human based classification, theology based classification, knowledge based classification, materialistic based classification such as Britannica's classification, and fact based classification. Tow broad approaches have been defined in this article: static and dynamic. The static approach refers to the traditional approaches and the dynamic one refers to the eight way of looking toward objects in order to realize them. The structure of classification has had its influence on epistemology, too. If the first cut on knowledge tree is fully defined, the branches would usually be consistent with it.

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Cary, Dakota. China’s CyberAI Talent Pipeline. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/2020ca017.

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To what extent does China’s cultivation of talent in cybersecurity and AI matter in terms of competitiveness with other countries? Right now, it seems to have an edge: China’s 11 World-Class Cybersecurity Schools offer more classes on artificial intelligence and machine learning than do the 20 U.S. universities certified as Centers of Academic Excellence in Cyber Operations. This policy brief recommends tracking 13 research grants from the National Science Foundation that attempt to integrate AI into cybersecurity curricula.

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Deborah R. Hutchinson. USGS science for a changing world. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/887320.

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Gosling, F. G. The Manhattan Project: Science in the Second World War. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5663506.

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Honchar, Amy. World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Open Science Conference Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1054289.

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Galkina, I. A., and I. A. Grishan. Navigator in the World of Science and Education, №1(50), 2021. Ailamazyan Program Systems Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/navigator.2021.1.50.

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Galkina, I. A., and I. A. Grishan. Navigator in the world of science and education N02(51), 2021. Ailamazyan Program Systems Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/ofernio.navigator.2021.2.

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Galkina, I. A., and I. A. Grishan. Navigator in the world of science and education № 03(52)'2021. Ailamazyan Program Systems Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/ofernio.navigator.2021.3.

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Galkina, I. A., and I. A. Grishan. Navigator in the World of Science and Education № 4(53)'2022. OFERNIO, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/ofernio.navigator.2021.4.

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Biringer, K. L. Siachen Science Center: A concept for cooperation at the top of the world. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/589204.

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Galkina, I. A., and I. A. Grishaev. Chronicles of the United Fund of electronic resources in the world of science and education. OFERNIO, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/ofernio.2020.1.

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