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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "CLAD SHEETS"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 16 січня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "CLAD SHEETS"

Zhang, Dehai, Yanqin Li, Guizhong Xie, Duanqin Zhang, Shen Wu, and Jianxiu Liu. "Digital image correlation method for measuring deformations of vinyl chloride-coated metal multilayer sheets." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 05 (February 20, 2019): 1950050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919500507.

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A three-dimensional (3D) digital image correlation (DIC) method is presented for measuring the deformations of vinyl chloride-coated metal (VCM) multilayer sheets and their composites. The calculations and the principle of strain and deformation measurements using the DIC method are described. A VCM multilayer sheet consists of a substrate [steel plate cold commercial (SPCC) and steel plate cold elongation (SPCE)] and a clad (a VCM film). The corresponding deformations of VCM deep-drawing multilayer sheets (SPCE as a substrate and a VCM film as a clad), VCM nondeep-drawing multilayer sheets (SPCC as a substrate and a VCM film as a clad), nondeep-drawing substrates (SPCC), deep-drawing substrates (SPCE) and clads (VCM films) were captured along the x- and y-directions in uniaxial tension experiments and using the DIC method. The maximal measured strains along the x-direction for the VCM deep-drawing multilayer sheets, VCM nondeep-drawing multilayer sheets, nondeep-drawing substrates, deep-drawing substrates and clads were, respectively, 637.835%, 132.210%, 31.688.632%, 107.102%, and 118.937%. The maximal measured strains along the [Formula: see text]-direction were 739.028%, −11.174%, −9.678%, −13.273% and 12.120%, respectively. These data show that the mechanical properties of VCM multilayer sheets are better than those of their substrates and clads. The effectiveness and accuracy of the presented DIC method for VCM multilayer sheet measurements were confirmed in a series of experiments.

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Rezaei Shahreza, Amir, Farshid Dehghani, and Mahmood Salimi. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Formability of Clad Sheets Copper/Stainless Steel 304L in Spinning Process." Key Engineering Materials 504-506 (February 2012): 943–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.504-506.943.

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In present study, spinning process of clad sheets composed of Copper and Stainless steel 304L is investigated experimentally. To achieve the Copper-Steel 304L clad sheet the explosive welding method is used. In order to smooth the surface of clad sheets, a cold roll forming process was carried out. The clad sheets were heat treated to improve the metallurgical bounding and formability. The mechanical properties of copper-steel clad sheet were obtained by experimental measurements. Spinning process was performed on Copper-steel 304L clad sheets with internal layer of copper and external layer of steel. Different experimental tests are carried out to investigate the effects of some influential parameters including the tool path and the tool materials on formability of the clad sheets. Moreover, corresponding numerical simulations were made to verify the experimental values. Finally comparison of thickness strain distribution of a perfect product sample shows a reasonable agreement between numerical and experimental data.

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Pang, Yu Hua, Jia Wei Yuan, Qi Sun, and Yang Lei Hu. "Processing 20 Ply Clad Plate by Accumulative Clad Rolling from Stainless Steel/Aluminum/Aluminum Alloy…/Stainless Steel Sheets." Materials Science Forum 610-613 (January 2009): 454–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.610-613.454.

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According to the principle of accumulative roll bonding(ARB),the 20 ply clad sheet from austenitic stainless steel (STS304)/pure aluminum(Al1060)/aluminum alloy(Al3003) …/ austenitic stainless steel (STS304)sheets with excellent heat, anti-corrosion and mechanical properties of stainless steel and the high thermal and electrical conductivities of aluminum was fabricated by accumulative clad rolling (ACR). Well-bonded clad plate was successfully obtained in the procedure: Al1060 sheets with a thickness of 0.5mm and Al3003 sheets 0.5mm thick and STS304 sheets 0.5mm thick were employed. Basic clad sheet from different ply Al1060/Al3003 sheets was obtained with an initial rolling reduction of 44% at 450°C followed by annealing at 300°C, then ACR was with reduction of 50% at 550°C from STS304 on each side. The stretch property, bonding property, microscopic structure and interface composition were measured and analyzed. It was indicated that the best clad sheet had bonding strength of 129MPa and stretch strength of 225MPa. was of 129Mpa bonding strength and 225Mpa stretch strength. At the end,STS304 sheet with thickness of 3mm which being used in superior quality kitchenware and finishing material and so on was taken the place of the clad sheet from STS304 sheets of 1mm and Al1060 of 1mm and Al3003 of 1mm. Therefore, it decreased by 44% in weight and economizes rare metal elements Cr and Ni of 66% in weight.

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Mori, T., and S. Kurimoto. "Deformation Characteristics of Aluminum-Clad Stainless Steel Sheet Under Uniaxial Tension." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 120, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2830098.

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Clad sheets are now widely used in a wide variety of industrial practices, however, determination of deformation characteristics are difficult. In this research, the unique deformation characteristics and properties of aluminum-clad stainless steel sheets produced by hot rolling process are discussed. The tensile test and characteristics of necking appearing on the clad sheet and the separate materials composing the clad sheet are examined. The results of the experiments for the stress-strain curves of the separate materials compared well with the estimated values. The stress-strain relationship of the separate materials can thus be determined from the tensile test of clad sheet.

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Harada, Yasunori, Hiroto Ono, and Yuki Nishikubo. "Deep Drawability of Ti/Steel/Ti Laminated Sheets." Materials Science Forum 920 (April 2018): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.920.64.

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Cladding is the bonding together of dissimilar metals. One of clad products is the titanium clad steel sheet. It is effective to cover with pure titanium sheet to improve the corrosion resistance of the steel sheet. Titanium clad steel sheets are often achieved by rolling sheets together under high pressure. In the current study, the blank comprising three laminar non-bonded sheets, such as the titanium/steel/titanium sheet, is arranged in the die. The formability of pure titanium clad sheet by multistage deep drawing was investigated to enhance corrosion resistance of steel cup. In the experiment, the blanks were pure titanium sheets JIS1-TP270, JIS2-TP340, ultralow-carbon steel SPCC, and stainless steel SUS316L. The initial thickness of the sheet was 0.2 to 0.5 mm in thickness. The blank diameter was 70 mm. The blanks are merely adjacent sheet; however, not joined with each other. In the deep drawing process, a hydraulic press was used in the experiment and the forming speed for the press was about 10 mm/min. The lubricant used was the solid powders of molybdenum disulfide. For the prevention, pure titanium blank was treated by oxide coating. The conditions of heat treatment were annealed at 973 K for 3.6 ks to 7.2 ks. By oxide coating, the titanium sheet has sufficient ability in preventing the seizure in multistage deep drawing. The drawn cups of the three-layer laminated sheet were formed. The seizure did not cause. The oxidatively-treated titanium sheets have sufficient ability in preventing the seizure. In addition, the clad cups until 6th stage were formed by multistage deep drawing. Long clad cups were successfully formed in multistage deep drawing process.

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Kim, Jong-Kook, Moo Young Huh, Kwang Koo Jee, and Olaf Engler. "Texture Evolution during Roll-Cladding of a Composite of Five Plies of Ferritic Stainless Steel and Aluminium Sheets." Materials Science Forum 495-497 (September 2005): 1681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.495-497.1681.

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A clad composite of five plies of STS/Al/Al/Al/STS was produced by roll-cladding at 350°C from ferritic stainless steel (STS) and aluminum (Al) sheets. In order to clarify the strain state during roll-cladding, the evolution of textures at different through-thickness layers in the roll-clad composite was investigated. Because the deformation mainly occurred in the Al sheets during roll-cladding, the present investigation was focused on the Al sheets. In the STS/Al/Al/Al/STS composite, the mid Al sheets between STS and center Al displayed pronounced texture gradients with shear textures and plane strain rolling textures, while the center Al sheet depicted a plane strain texture throughout the whole sheet thickness. Simulations with the finite element method (FEM) disclosed that a large variation of shear strain rate during roll-cladding led to the formation of these texture gradients.

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Kang, Minglong, Li Zhou, Yunlai Deng, Yajun Luo, Maoqing He, Na Zhang, Zhonghua Huang, and Lijun Dong. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 4343/3003/6111/3003 Four-Layer Al Clad Sheets Subjected to Different Conditions." Metals 12, no. 5 (April 30, 2022): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12050777.

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To meet the lightweight demands of automobiles, Al composite sheets require excellent mechanical properties under the condition of minimal thickness after high-temperature brazing processing. Generally, the standard used Al brazing sheets have a low strength before and after brazing. To overcome this issue, this work develops a novel 4343/3003/6111/3003 four-layer Al clad sheet, whose microstructure and mechanical properties are systematically investigated. The results show the observable fibrous microstructure with elongated grains parallel to the rolling direction in the developed four-layer Al clad sheet of the cold-rolled and annealed states. After brazing, this fibrous microstructure transforms into coarse equiaxed grains. In addition, the 4343 layer is the brazing layer. Si is mainly distributed in the 4343 layer of the cold-rolled Al clad sheets, whereas Si penetrates into the core layer along the grain boundaries after brazing. The cold-rolled samples present a certain brittleness from fracture morphology, whereas the final annealed ones show a typical ductile fracture. Meanwhile, the typical intergranular fracture is visible after brazing. The mechanical properties of the Al clad sheets are improved after brazing, with an increase of 76% in tensile strength and 62% in yield strength, compared with the final annealed ones. The elongation is increased by 29% compared with that of the cold-rolled ones. This study provides a theoretical basis for further improvement of the strength of aluminum honeycomb panels.

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Sakaki, T., K. Kakehi, and Y. Ohtakara. "Plastic anisotropy of clad sheets." International Journal of Plasticity 7, no. 6 (January 1991): 505–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0749-6419(91)90042-w.

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Zhao, Hui, Chaochao Zhao, Yang Yang, Yizhuo Wang, Liyuan Sheng, Yixu Li, Miao Huo, Keren Zhang, Liwei Xing, and Ge Zhang. "Study on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Ti/Mg Alloy Clad Plate Produced by Explosive Welding." Metals 12, no. 3 (February 25, 2022): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12030399.

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In this paper, the microstructure and properties of a Ti/Mg alloy clad plate manufactured by explosive welding were studied. The bonding interface was inspected by ultrasonic examination (US). The microstructure and the composition of the clad were characterized by OM and SEM. Properties were inspected by tensile test, shearing test, microhardness test and electrochemical corrosion. The results showed that the bonding interface of the clad plate was made up of straight areas and wavy areas. In straight areas, element diffusion occurred across the bonding interface. Additionally, in wavy areas, a melting zone occurred in the Mg alloy layer near to the bonding interface. Lots of light particles embedded on the melting zone. Tensile test results were comparable with the Ti sheet and the ultimate tensile strength of the clad plate demonstrated an 18% increase. The shearing strength of the clad plate was about 68–87 MPa. The microhardness of the clad plate was higher than that of the original sheets from the interface to 300 μm away. At over 300 μm, the microhardness of the clad plate decreased and approached the original sheets. Compared with the straight area, the hardness of the Mg alloy layer in the wavy area close to the interface increased by 12%. Corrosion results showed that the corrosion potential (Ecorr) absolute value of the clad plate increased by 24%, and the corrosion current density (icorr) value was 4 orders of magnitude lower, compared with the Mg alloy sheet. It was clear that the corrosion resistance of the clad plate was higher than that of the Mg alloy sheet. Cladding Mg alloy and Ti by explosive welding would improve the industrial applications of magnesium materials.

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Srinivasan, R., and G. Karthik Raja. "Experimental study on bending behaviour of aluminium-copper clad sheets in V-bending process." Mechanics & Industry 20, no. 6 (2019): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2019059.

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The bimetallic sheets are used in the industrial sheet metal products to meet the demands of multi-functionality. The bending behaviour of bimetallic sheet is contributed by individual layers of the sheet and it is entirely different from the monolithic material. In this study, V-bending experiments are carried out to understand the springback, bend force and thickness change of Al-Cu clad sheets. The effect of different parameters such as sheet thickness, sheet setting condition, die angle, die opening and punch radius have been investigated. The results indicated that springback is more for smaller die angle, wider die opening and larger punch radius. Increase in die angle, increase in die opening or decrease in punch radius decreases the bend force. The clad sheet thickens at Al/Cu setting condition whereas it thins at Cu/Al setting condition. This thinning or thickening of the sheet influences the springback and bend force.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "CLAD SHEETS"

Smith, Jansen A., Daniel A. Auerbach, Karl W. Flessa, Alexander S. Flecker, and Gregory P. Dietl. "Fossil clam shells reveal unintended carbon cycling consequences of Colorado River management." ROYAL SOC, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622496.

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Water management that alters riverine ecosystem processes has strongly influenced deltas and the people who depend on them, but a full accounting of the trade-offs is still emerging. Using palaeoecological data, we document a surprising biogeochemical consequence of water management in the Colorado River basin. Complete allocation and consumptive use of the river's flow has altered the downstream estuarine ecosystem, including the abundance and composition of the mollusc community, an important component in estuarine carbon cycling. In particular, population declines in the endemic Colorado delta clam, Mulinia coloradoensis, from 50-125 individuals m(-2) in the pre-dam era to three individualsm-2 today, have likely resulted in a reduction, on the order of 5900-15 000 tCyr(-1) (4.1-10.6 mol Cm-2 yr(-1)), in the net carbon emissions associated with molluscs. Although this reduction is large within the estuarine system, it is small in comparison with annual global carbon emissions. Nonetheless, this finding highlights the need for further research into the effects of dams, diversions and reservoirs on the biogeochemistry of deltas and estuaries worldwide, underscoring a present need for integrated water and carbon planning.

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Lawrence, Ursula. "The engineering geology of the clay-with-flints : (as shown on the British Geological Survey 1:50 000 New Series Geological sheets)." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420056.

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Kaparulina, E. (Ekaterina). "Eurasian Arctic ice sheets in transitions:consequences for climate, environment and ocean circulation." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526217765.

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Abstract In this Ph.D. thesis sediment cores from the central Arctic Ocean, southwestern Barents Sea and sediment exposures from the Kola Peninsula were investigated in order to reveal interactions between the late middle Pleistocene and late Pleistocene Arctic ice sheets, between Marine Isotope Stages 6 and 1 (MIS 6 and MIS 1). One of the main objectives of this work is to establish provenance areas for the sediments studied in the central Arctic, the southwestern (SW) Barents Sea and the Kola Peninsula, their transport mechanisms and through that their relationship to glaciations in the Arctic and to development in the Kola Peninsula during the late middle and late Pleistocene. Mineralogical and geochemical data from the core 96/12-1pc on the Lomonosov Ridge, central Arctic Ocean was studied to evaluate ice transport from circum-Arctic ice sheets and variability in sediment drainage systems associated with their decay. SW Barents Sea sediments contain important information on Late Glacial and Holocene sediment provenance characteristics in relation to ice flow patterns and ice rafting from different regional sectors. The studied SW Barents Sea sediment cores show that sediments were most likely derived from a combination of far-field Fennoscandian sources, local subcropping Mesozoic strata below the seafloor and sea ice transport. The investigation carried out on the Kola Peninsula indicates that the Eemian (MIS 5e) marine environment in the White Sea Basin and onshore coastal areas gradually changed into a glaciolacustrine environment during MIS 5d to MIS 5a. Subsequently, the Scandinavian Ice Sheet (SIS) covered the Kola Peninsula, most probably during MIS 4. The final deglaciation of the SIS on the Kola Peninsula took place, however, during the late Weichselian (MIS 2) between 16–12 ka
Tiivistelmä Tässä väitöstutkimuksessa tutkittiin sedimenttikairanäytteitä keskeiseltä Jäämereltä ja Lounais-Barentsinmereltä sekä tarkasteltiin sedimenttiseurantoja Kuolan niemimaalla tarkoituksena selvittää myöhäisen keskipleistoseeni- ja myöhäispleistoseeniajan Arktisten jääkenttien keskinäiset vuorovaikutukset erityisesti merellisten isotooppivaiheiden 6 ja 1 (MIS 6 ja MIS 1) välillä. Tämän työn yhtenä päätavoitteena on määritellä sedimenttien lähdealueet keskeisellä Arktiksella, lounaisella Barentsinmerellä ja Kuolan niemimaalla, sedimenttien kuljetusmekanismit ja näiden perusteella riippuvuudet Arktisiin jäätiköihin ja Kuolan niemimaalla tapahtuneeseen myöhäiskeski- ja myöhäispleistoseenin kehitykseen. Mineraloginen ja geokemiallinen tieto Lomonosovin harjanteen kairauksesta 96/12-1pc, keskeisellä Jäämerellä on perusta arvioitaessa jääkuljetusmekanismeja ympäröiviltä sirkum-Arktisilta jäätiköiltä ja arvioitaessa valuma-alueiden osuutta suhteessa näiden jäätiköiden häviämiseen. Lounaisen Barentsinmeren sedimentit sisältävät tärkeätä tietoja viimeisen jäätiköitymisen loppuvaiheen ja holoseeni-ajan sedimenttien lähdealueista ja suhteista jäävirtauksiin ja jääkuljetukseen eri aluesektoreilta. Tutkitut Lounais-Barentsinmeren sedimentit osoittavat, että sedimentit olivat todennäköisimmin peräisin suhteellisen kaukaisilta Fennoscandian lähdealueilta, paikallisista mesotsoosista merenpohjan kerrostumista ja merijään kuljettamasta materiaalista. Kuolan niemimaalla tehty tutkimus osoittaa, että Eem-kauden (MIS 5e) meriympäristö Vienanmeren altaassa ja rannikkoalueilla vähitellen muuttui glaciolakustriseksi ympäristöksi MIS 5d:n ja MIS 5a:n välisenä aikana. Sen jälkeen Skandinavian jääkenttä (SIS) peitti Kuolan niemimaan, todennäköisimmin koko MIS:n 4 ajanjakson. SIS:n lopullinen deglasiaatio alkoi Kuolan niemimaalla kuitenkin myöhäisen Veiksel-jääkauden (MIS 2) aikana noin 16–12 ka sitten

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Jara, Heiner Lopez, Brandon Bravo Barrionuevo, and Carlos Fernández Díaz. "Application of glass and fan shells to a clay soil to increase its mechanical properties." IOP Publishing Ltd, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655956.

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Improving the mechanical properties of a clayey soil is one of the best options to avoid future structural failures in buildings and is cheaper than replacing all the material. Therefore, this article proposes the use of recycled glass and fan shells as reinforcement materials. This article presents an experimental study to evaluate the mechanical properties of a pure and mixed soil. The clay soil was mixed with 7% of glass (PV) and with 3%, 6%, 10%, 12% and 15% of Fan Shells (PCA) duly crushed and passed through sieve #100. Tests of sieve granulometry, sedimentation granulometry, Atterberg limits, modified proctor and drained consolidated direct cut were performed. This allowed comparing all the data obtained and defining the optimal percentage of the mixture in which the clay improves its mechanical properties. According to the tests carried out, the proportion that has 7% glass and 6% Fan Shells has better results because there is an improvement in its dry density from 1,784 g / cm3 to 1,847 g / cm3, its moisture content increases from 9.4% to 12.1%. In addition, its friction angle improves from 28.9 °to 32 °and cohesion from 0.05 kg / cm2 to 0.1 kg / cm2. These results verify that the properties of the clay soil are improved.

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Patterson, Shelley M. "The effects of ballistic impact of littorinid shells on the erosion of a cohesive clay bed." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58430.pdf.

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Arias, Ruiz Camilo. "High resolution climate records from modern and last interglacial periods derived from giant clam shells (Tridacnidae) in Sulawesi, Indonesia." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4081/document.

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Des coquilles de bénitiers géants (Famille Tridacnidae) ont étés utilisées pour reconstruire des conditions climatiques au cours des dernières périodes interglaciaires dans l’ île de Sulawesi , en Indonésie. Des analyses géochimiques sur des coquilles modernes, ont montré que ces organismes enregistrent effectivement la variation de l ’environnement dans lequel ils habitent , en termes de : température, salinité, précipitations et apports en nutriments . Le s résultat s principaux ont été la reproductibilité du signal géochimique dans deux espèces différentes et l’enregistrement des anomalies climatiques liées au phénomène La Niña en 2010. La datation à travers l’Uranium - Thorium a mis en évidence des récifs formés lors du début de la dernière période interglaciaire (MIS - 5) et de l’avant dernière interglaciaire ou MIS - 7. La comparaison entre reconstructions modernes et fossiles a donné comme résultats : 1) des conditions de température en moyenne plus froides et avec une saisonnalité réduite pour ces deux périodes (début du MIS - 5 et MIS - 7), liée à des conditions plus sèches.2) Ces paramètres répondent systématiquement aux variations du niveau marin et témoignent la forte interaction entre la circulation atmosphérique et océanique dans la région .3) La variabilité interannuelle SST/SSS présente des oscillations dans la même amplitude qu’aujourd’hui pour la période du MIS - 5, cependant pour le MIS 7, ces oscillations sont réduites autour de 50 % par rapport à l’actuelle . 4) Le Mg/Ca présente une forte variation taxonomique, des études complémentaires sont nécessaires pour enlever le facteur biologique du signal géochimique. 5) Le Ba/Ca et le 13C sont potentiellement liées aux processus d’upwelling et/ou variations de salinité
Giant clam shells (Tridacnidae family) were used to reconstruct climatic conditions during the last interglacial periods in Indonesia's Sulawesi Island. Geochemical analyzes on modern shells have shown that these organisms actually record the variation of the environment in which they live, in terms of: temperature, salinity, precipitation and nutrient inputs. The main results were the reproducibility of the geochemical signal in two different species, as well as the recording of the climatic anomalies related to the La Niña phenomenon in 2010. Uranium-series dating revealed reefs formed at the beginning of the last interglacial period (MIS-5) and the penultimate interglacial or MIS-7. The comparison between modern and fossil reconstructions gave the following main results: 1) colder average temperature conditions with reduced seasonality for both periods (beginning of MIS-5 and MIS-7) due to drier conditions.2) These parameters respond systematically to a decrease / increase of the sea level and testify the strong interaction between the atmospheric and ocean circulation in the region3) The interannual variability of SST / SSS presents oscillations in the same amplitude as today for the MIS-5 period, however for MIS 7, these oscillations are reduced around 50% compared to the current interglacial4) The Mg/Ca ratio has a strong taxonomic variation, additional studies are needed to remove the biological factor related to geochemical signal. 5) Ba/Ca present a potential use as tracers of upwelling processes and/ or variations in salinity. Giant clam shells (Tridacnidae family) were used to reconstruct climatic conditions during the last interglacial periods in Indonesia's Sulawesi Island. Geochemical analyzes on modern shells have shown that these organisms actually record the variation of the environment in which they live, in terms of: temperature, salinity, precipitation and nutrient inputs. The main results were the reproducibility of the geochemical signal

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Acaba, Joseph Michael. "Primary Sediment Production from Granitic Rocks in Southeastern Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/231212.

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Isolated granitic rock bodies (granites, granodiorites, quartz monzonites) in the vicinity of Benson in southeastern Arizona were studied to trace the behavior of rock weathering. Thin sections of fresh granites were examined to characterize the original mineralogy which consisted mainly of quartz, feldspars, and micas. The weathering products show up on the granites as grus and soil profiles as well as down slope in the basin deposits. X -ray diffraction studies of the < 2 micrometers fraction of the weathering products proved illite, smectite, illite-smectite mixed layer, and kaolinite to be the dominant clays; quartz and feldspar also persisted into this size fraction. Silt sized material produced similar results. The quartz monzonite of Texas Canyon afforded a special study of the initial weathering stages of feldspars and micas. In the < 2 micrometers fraction obtained from granitic material placed in an ultra sonic bath, the feldspars weathered to a Na-montmorillinite while biotite weathered to vermiculite.

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Edkvist, Kristin, and Linnéa Powell. "Lerstensskiva med armering av fårull : Undersökning av böjhållfasthet, ånggenomsläpplighet, brandtålighet,värmekonduktivitet och praktisk användning." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-27393.

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The focus of this study is aimed at the traditional building material; clay, together withsheep’s wool to act as reinforcement. The combination of the two materials created thebasis for an alternative board material. Soil-based building materials were used to alarge extent in the past. The oldest clay houses found were built as early as 8000 yearsBC. During the Middle Ages in Central Europe, soil and clay were used as fillers in timberframe structures. As new building materials evolved, clay based building methodshave suffered a more secluded position in the western world. New building materialshave caused the characteristics of traditional building materials to be forgotten. Sheep’swool, unlike clay, has previously not been classified as a building material, but ismostly used for textiles. Sheep are bred generally for two purposes; meat productionand wool production. The wool that comes from sheep that are in the meat productionbecomes a by-product that is usually reckoned as waste.The study presented below involves a product development of a board material containingclay and sheep’s wool. Nine different compositions were made in different series.Focus on the three different series was places on variety of sheep’s wool, amountof sheep’s wool and the viscosity of the clay. The manufacturing of the product wasmade by hand with own thought out and manufactured aids.The lack of aggregated material properties complicates the use of clay and sheep’swool. A performance based declaration and the CE marking of a product are requiredfor a building material to become an accepted product in the construction market.Building engineering research was carried out in the laboratory environment, and basedon standardized methods calculations were made on the Clay-wool board such as flexuralstrength, vapour permeability, thermal conductivity, fire resistance and practicaluse.The result shows that the Clay-wool board is comparable to other board materials. Thetechnical characteristics of the Clay-wool board regarding flexural strength reportedvalues between 118 N and 550 N, depending on the composition of clay and wool. Allthe boards showed that the point of breaking was viscous, since the wool held the clayslabs together. When calculation vapour permeability, the result showed values between2,289 x 106 m2/s and 3,571 x 106 m2/s.The thermal conductivity was measured on one single board, the one containing thelargest amount of wool, where the value was established to 0,218 W/m*K. It was noticedthat the thermal conductivity increased when wool was clay–dipped.
Denna studie fokuserar på det traditionella byggmaterialet lera tillsammans medfårull som ska agera som armering. Kombinationen av de två materialen skapadegrunden för ett alternativt skivmaterial. Jordbaserade byggmaterial användes förri tiden i stor utsträckning. De äldsta lerhusen som hittats är byggda så tidigt sompå 8000 – talet f.Kr. I medeltidens Centraleuropa användes jord och lera till utfackningari ramverkskonstruktioner av trä. I takt med att nya byggmaterial utvecklatsfick lerbaserade byggmetoder en undanskymd ställning i västvärlden.Nya byggmaterial har gjort att det traditionella byggmaterialets egenskaper generellthar glömts bort. Fårull har tidigare inte klassats som ett byggmaterial, liktlera, utan används till största del till textilier. Får avlas generellt för två syften;köttproduktion och ull produktion. Ullen som kommer från får i köttproduktionenblir en biprodukt som vanligen räknas som avfall.Studien som presenteras omfattar en produktutveckling av ett skivmaterial innehållandelera och fårull. Nio olika kompositioner gjordes i tre olika serier. Fokuspå de tre olika serier lades på fårullssort, ullmängd och lerviskositet. Tillverkningav lerullsskivorna gjordes för hand med egna uttänkta och tillverkade hjälpmedel.Bristen på sammanställda materialegenskaper komplicerar användningen av leraoch fårull. Det krävs en prestandadeklaration och CE-märkning av en vara för attett byggmaterial ska bli en accepterad produkt på byggmarknaden. Byggnadstekniskforskning gjordes i laboratorisk miljö och utifrån standardiserade metoderhar beräkningar gjorts på lerullskivorna gällande, böjhållfasthet, ånggenomsläpplighet,värmekonduktivitet, brandtålighet samt praktisk användning.Resultatet visar på att lerullsskivan är jämförbar med andra skivmaterial. Lerullsskivornastekniska egenskaper gällande böjhållfasthet redovisade värden mellan118 N och 550 N, beroende på komposition av lerullsskiva. Alla skivor visade påsega brott, eftersom ullen höll ihop lerullsskivorna. Vid beräkning av ångpermeabilitetvisade resultaten på värden mellan 2,289 x 106 m2/s och 3,571 x 106m2/s. Värmeledningsförmågan beräknades endast på lerullsskivan med störstmängd ull, där värdet blev 0,218 W/m*K. Det uppdagades att värmeledningsförmåganökade när ullen dränktes i lervälling.

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Souto, Esperanza. "Effet des échanges ioniques sur la stabilité des milieux poreux argileux." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1994_SOUTO_E.pdf.

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Cette étude est consacrée à l'effet des échanges cationiques sur la stabilité des milieux poreux argileux. Elle allie résultats expérimentaux et modélisation. Le milieu poreux étudié est un grès argileux naturel riche en illite, originaire des Vosges. Les expériences, menées en réacteur fermé et en écoulement sur des carottes de grès naturellement consolidées, ont permis de relier les réductions de perméabilité du milieu poreux aux compositions transitoires, engendrées par échange cationique, lors du remplacement de la solution en place par une solution de salinité plus faible. Pour des solutions aqueuses de chlorure de cation alcalin, à pH neutre ou basique, la diminution de la salinité injectée provoque un échange cationique entre les cations alcalins et les protons de l'eau. Il en résulte une composition transitoire déstabilisante, caractérisée par une salinité faible et un pH élevé. Les variations transitoires de pH sont modélisées en tenant compte d'une capacité d'échange cationique variable avec le pH et de l'échange cationique avec les protons. Pour les mélanges de chlorure de cation alcalin et de chlorure de calcium, à pH neutre, la stabilité du milieu poreux dépend du niveau global de la salinité et de la fraction ionique de cations divalents calcium en solution. En écoulement, l'échange cationique entre les cations monovalents alcalins et les cations divalents calcium peut conduire à une diminution transitoire de la concentration de calcium en solution, et donc à un endommagement du milieu

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Дегерменджі, Анастасія Всеволодівна. "Ливарний комплекс АТ ”Полтавський турбомеханічний завод” з розробкою технології лиття". Master's thesis, Київ, 2018. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/26676.

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Об’єкт проектування – чавуноливарний цех з розробленням технологічних процесів виготовлення виливків різної маси литтям у разові піщано-глинясті форми. Метою проекту є визначення технологічних параметрів та складання опису виробництва виливка; розроблення і обґрунтування етапів приготування рідкого сплаву; технологічне планування і проектування ливарного цеху. Розроблений технологічний процес виготовлення виливка може бути рекомендований як типовий при виробництві чавуних виливків середньої складності в умовах дрібносерійного і великосерійного виробництва. Попередніми розрахунками економічних показників прийнятих проектних рішень установлено економічну доцільність використання запропонованих процесів. Розроблено організаційну схему роботи ливарного цеху та заходи, спрямовані на усунення небезпечних та шкідливих чинників.
The design object is an iron foundry with the development of technological processes for the production of castings of various masses by casting into one-off sand-clay forms. The aim of the project is to determine the technological parameters and compile a description of the production of the casting; development and justification of the stage of preparation of the liquid alloy; technological planning and design of a foundry. The technological process of casting manufacturing has been developed can be recommended as typical for the production of iron castings of medium complexity in small-scale and large-scale production. Preliminary calculations of the economic indicators of the adopted design decisions established the economic feasibility of using the proposed processes. An organizational chart of the foundry’s work and measures aimed at eliminating dangerous and harmful factors have been developed.
Объект проектирования - чугунолитейный цех с разработкой технологических процессов изготовления отливок различной массы литьем в разовые песчано-глинистые формы. Целью проекта является определение технологических параметров и составления описания производства отливки; разработка и обоснование этапе приготовлении жидкого сплава; технологическое планирование и проектирование литейного цеха. Разработан технологический процесс изготовления отливки может быть рекомендован как типичный при производстве чугунных отливок средней сложности в условиях мелкосерийного и крупносерийного производства. Предварительным расчетам экономических показателей принятых проектных решений установлено экономическую целесообразность использования предложенных процессов. Разработана организационная схема работы литейного цеха и меры, направленные на устранение опасных и вредных факторов.

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Книги з теми "CLAD SHEETS"

Hettmansperger, Mary. Mixed metal jewelry workshop: Combining sheet, clay, mesh, wire & more. New York: Lark Books, 2010.

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Hettmansperger, Mary. Mixed metal jewelry workshop: Combining sheet, clay, mesh, wire & more. New York: Lark Books, 2010.

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Sheen, Fulton J. Treasure in clay: The autobiography of Fulton J. Sheen. New York: Image Books/Doubleday, 2008.

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O' Clap Your Hands (Sheet Music). Life Way, 1993.

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Clan Macbleat. GW Publishing, 2011.

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Trap Shooting Score Sheets: Clay Shooting Game Score Record Log Book Perfect for Scorekeeping 130 Score Sheets. Independently Published, 2021.

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Notebook, chappellpamela. Notebook: Be a Tiger Claw - 50 Sheets, 100 Pages - 6 X 9 Inches. Independently Published, 2020.

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Notebook, chappellpamela. Notebook: Be a Tiger Claw - 50 Sheets, 100 Pages - 8 X 10 Inches. Independently Published, 2020.

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Mackenzie, James D. Genealogical Tables of the Clan Mackenzie: Introduction and Notes to Accompany the Sheets. Franklin Classics, 2018.

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Fine Silver Made Fun: An Introduction to Metal Clay Sheet and Syringe. Tonnbo Design, 2005.

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Inoue, Hirofumi. "Mechanical Properties and Formability of Titanium-Clad Magnesium Alloy Sheets." In PRICM, 1109–14. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118792148.ch135.

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Inoue, Hirofumi. "Mechanical Properties and Formability of Titanium-Clad Magnesium Alloy Sheets." In Proceedings of the 8th Pacific Rim International Congress on Advanced Materials and Processing, 1109–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48764-9_135.

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Li, Xiaobing, Guoyin Zu, and Qiang Deng. "An Investigation of Deformation Behavior of Bimetal Clad Sheets by Asymmetrical Rolling at Room Temperature." In Light Metals 2011, 615–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48160-9_108.

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Li, Xiaobing, Guoyin Zu, and Qiang Deng. "An Investigation of Deformation Behavior of Bimetal Clad Sheets by Asymmetrical Rolling at Room Temperature." In Light Metals 2011, 611–19. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118061992.ch108.

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Inoue, Hirofumi, Masaaki Ishio, and Takayuki Takasugi. "Texture, Tensile Properties and Press Formability of Mg-3Al-1Zn/Ti Clad Sheets Produced by Roll-Bonding." In Materials Science Forum, 645–50. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-975-x.645.

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Li, Xiaobing, Guoyin Zu, and Qiang Deng. "Effects of Annealing on the Growth Behavior of Intermetallic Compounds on the Interface of Copper/Aluminum Clad Metal Sheets." In Supplemental Proceedings, 895–901. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118062142.ch108.

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Costa, A. Santos, T. Imae, K. Takagi, and K. Kikuta. "Intercalation of dendrimers in the interlayer of hydrotalcite clay sheets." In Surface and Colloid Science, 113–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b97103.

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Lee, Jae Seol, Hyeon Taek Son, Ki Yong Lee, Soon Sub Park, Dae Guen Kim, and Jung Chan Bae. "Characterization of Mg-Al Sheet Clad Materials Fabricated by Hot Rolling." In Advanced Materials Research, 409–12. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-463-4.409.

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Matos, P., P. M. G. P. Moreira, J. C. P. Pina, A. Morão Dias, and P. M. S. T. de Castro. "Residual Stresses around an Expanded Hole in an Aluminum Clad Sheet." In Materials Science Forum, 41–46. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-969-5.41.

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Huang, Ming Nan, Gow Yi Tzou, and Rong Fong Fung. "Upper Bound Solution to Compression Forming of Three-Layer Bounded Clad Sheet." In Engineering Plasticity and Its Applications, 731–36. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-433-2.731.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "CLAD SHEETS"

Woo, Kangha, Taejoon Park, Daeyong Kim, Chulhwan Lee, Ji Hoon Kim, Young Seon Lee, and Kwansoo Chung. "Analytical Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Bimetallic Clad Sheets." In THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL ESAFORM CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL FORMING: ESAFORM 2011. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3589728.

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Schmidt, Hans Christian, Olexandr Grydin, Mykhailo Stolbchenko, Werner Homberg, and Mirko Schaper. "Manufacture of thin-walled clad tubes by pressure welding of roll bonded sheets." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF GLOBAL NETWORK FOR INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND AWAM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (IGNITE-AICCE’17): Sustainable Technology And Practice For Infrastructure and Community Resilience. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5008130.

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Mohammed, Sohail M. A. K., S. S. Dash, Abdulmohsen Albedah, X. Q. Jiang, D. Y. Li, and Daolun Chen. "Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Ultrasonic Spot Welded Aluminum Sheets With And Without Clad Layer." In Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering International Congress (2021 : Charlottetown, PE). Charlottetown, P.E.I.: University of Prince Edward Island. Robertson Library, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32393/csme.2021.84.

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Hollis, K., C. Liu, R. Leckie, and M. Lovato. "Interface Fracture Characterization of Plasma Sprayed and HIP Bonded Zr Coatings on U-Mo Sheet using Bulge Testing." In ITSC 2014, edited by R. S. Lima, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, G. Mauer, A. McDonald, and F. L. Toma. DVS Media GmbH, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2014p0031.

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Abstract This study demonstrates the use of bulge testing to evaluate fuel plates for high-performance nuclear reactors. Uranium-molybdenum alloy substrates were plasma sprayed with zirconium and clad between aluminum sheets by hot isostatic pressing. The coated-and-clad samples were cut into disks, the top cladding was thinned, and a small hole was milled through the bottom cladding. The samples were then placed in a pressure cell and a syringe pump was used to inject distilled water through the hole in the bottom Al sheet. Two cameras measured bulge height while fluid pressure was simultaneously recorded. Test results show that all failures occurred at the plasma-sprayed Zr/U-Mo interface rather than the HIP-bonded Zr/Al interface. It is also shown that the use of transferred arc (TA) cleaning prior to spraying improves both failure pressure and initiation fracture toughness, especially under high ac current. TA cleaning facilitates the formation of strong diffusion bonds by removing oxide from the substrate and increasing interface temperature.

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Wang, Ke, Weifeng Xu, Zunchao Liu, and Minshan Liu. "Stress Analysis and Optimization Research for Ti Clad Steel Tube Sheet." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45829.

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The models of Ti clad steel tube sheet and carbon steel tube sheet are established in this paper. By the finite element analysis software ANSYS Workbench, the disciplinarian of stress distribution is investigated under thermal and mechanical loadings of tube sheet. Through the optimization, the effects of base layer, clad layer thickness and tube wall thickness on clad steel tube sheet are obtained. Results show: the overall stress distribution of clad steel tube sheet is more complex than that of carbon steel tube sheet, and the connection surface of base and clad layer presents the phenomenon of stress concentration for clad steel tube sheet. The increase of clad layer or tube wall thickness has an unfavorable effect on the quality of clad steel tube sheet. Through reasonably decreasing thickness of clad layer or tube wall, stress concentration can be improved and performance of clad steel tube sheet can be enhanced. The results provide some reference for the design of clad steel tube sheet.

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Xing, David, and Zhong You. "Origami Claw Tessellation and Its Stacked Structure." In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-88680.

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Abstract While many classical origami tessellations possess important kinematic properties, including flat-foldability and rigid-foldability, these patterns only possess one DOF. Stacking sheets of these origami tessellations is a fabrication technique to construct foldable meta-materials. In this paper, we present a novel origami pattern called the origami claw tessellation (OCT). This pattern not only preserves the kinematic properties found in classical origami tessellations but also possesses multiple DOFs. We show the OCT is flat-foldable and rigidly foldable through kinematic analysis. Every OCT described in this paper is an M × N grid of claw units, each of which has three DOFs. The exact number of DOFs a given M × N OCT possesses is computed using a numerical approach. When both M and N are at least two, the OCT possesses five DOFs. Each individual DOF is named and analyzed. Furthermore, copies of single-sheet OCTs can stack to form a cellular meta-material. In the simplest case, stacking a claw unit with a copy reduces the number of DOFs from three to one. Additionally, for any positive even L, the L-layer stacked M × N OCT has one DOF, showing that multiple sheets of OCTs, each with multiple DOFs, can stack to form a one DOF structure.

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Kim, Daeyong, Bum Kyu Hwang, Young Seon Lee, Ji Hoon Kim, Min-Joong Kim, F. Barlat, Y. H. Moon, and M. G. Lee. "Anisotropic Properties of Stainless Steel—Clad Aluminum Sheet." In NUMIFORM 2010: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes Dedicated to Professor O. C. Zienkiewicz (1921–2009). AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3457574.

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Tseng, Huang-Chi, Zong-Chun Wu, Chinghua Hung, and Ming-Hu Lee. "Investigation on Sheet Hydroforming Process of Titanium/Aluminum Clad Metal Housing." In ASME 2010 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2010-34047.

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In this research, the sheet hydroforming process (SHF) was adopted to form a Ti/Al clad metal housing with complex shape. Nowadays, SHF has been widely accepted for the production of components characterized by high surface quality, precise dimensional accuracy together with high drawing ratio. For investigating the formability of the Ti/Al clad metal housing through SHF, the concept of virtual film were developed with explicit finite element method. First, the simulation model was verified by comparing the deformation of the blank obtained from experiments. Through finite element simulations, several significant process parameters such as holding force, tooling geometry, blank dimensions, single-stage (with pre-bulging effect) and multi-stages SHF were analyzed for improving formability of the Ti / Al clad metal housing during SHF.

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Tapphorn, R., H. Gabel, K. Hashimoto, and T. Crowe. "Kinetic Metallization Repair of Alclad." In ITSC 2012, edited by R. S. Lima, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, A. McDonald, and F. L. Toma. ASM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2012p0305.

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Abstract Cladding is a common method of providing corrosion protection of aluminum alloys, which forms an anodic layer in direct and intimate contact with the alloy sheet during cold roll processing. A structural aluminum alloy is clad in a thin layer of a higher purity alloy that is more galvanically reactive. Common examples include 1230 clad on 2024, and 7072 clad on 6061 and 7075. If this clad layer is damaged or removed the underlying structural alloy is exposed and susceptible to corrosion and/or stress corrosion cracking. Kinetic Metallization is a low temperature deposition technique compliant with MIL-STD-3021 that enables repair or replacement of worn or damaged clad layers. Aluminum or Al-Trans coatings are deposited as a new clad coating, and can be subsequently polished to the same mirror finish as the original clad surfaces. This paper presents the techniques developed for repairing worn or damaged Al clad surfaces using the economical Kinetic Metallization process and the qualification tests performed to date for various feedstock powder formulations (Ref 1).

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Jian-liang, Hu, Yi You-ping, and Xie Man-tang. "A Novel Method of Modeling the Deformation Resistance for Clad Sheet." In THE 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF 3D SHEET METAL FORMING PROCESSES (NUMISHEET 2011). AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3623654.

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Звіти організацій з теми "CLAD SHEETS"

Grobner, P. J. Determination of physical and mechanical properties of copper-clad molybdenum sheet. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10161192.

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Brushett, D. M., C. E. Beckett-Brown, M. B. McClenaghan, R. C. Paulen, J. M. Rice, A. Haji Egeh, and P. Pelchat. Till geochemical data for the Brazil Lake pegmatite area, southwest Nova Scotia, Canada (NTS 21-A/04, 20-O/16 and 20-P/13): samples collected in 2020, 2021, and 2022. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332384.

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This open file reports geochemical data for till samples collected as a part of a till geochemical and surficial mapping project around the Brazil Lake lithium-cesium-tantalum (LCT-type) pegmatite in southwestern Nova Scotia (NTS map sheets 21A/04, 20O/16 and 20P/13). The global rise in lithium demand has motivated the Geological Survey of Canada's (GSC) recent investigations of the Brazil Lake pegmatites to study surficial geochemistry methods that can be used to explore for lithium and associated critical minerals (i.e., Cs, Ta, Be, In, Sn, W). These types of deposits are important sources of lithium, tin, and rubidium and the primary source of tantalum. This research at Brazil Lake is being undertaken as part of the GSC's Targeted Geoscience Initiative Program and has been carried out in partnership with the Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources and Renewables (NSDNRR). The goals of the research are to increase exploration success in regions covered by glacial sediments by documenting how critical minerals and associated elements are glacially dispersed in till from pegmatites at the Brazil Lake property. Newly available LiDAR data assisted in deciphering ice flow trajectories, which in turn, allowed for targeted till sampling. A total of 184 till samples were collected for till geochemistry in 2020, 2021 and 2022 and the data reported here include widely spaced regional samples collected across southwest Nova Scotia, proximal samples collected up-ice, overlying, and down-ice of the Brazil Lake pegmatites. The widely spaced till samples provide the regional context for the interpretation of the case study samples and assess the potential for additional pegmatites buried by extensive till cover. Data reported in this Open File include sample descriptions, location, site photos, and geochemical analyses of the coarse sand (1.0 - 2.0 mm) and silt + clay (&lt;0.063 mm) fractions. For the 2020 samples only, the &lt;0.002 mm (clay) fraction was also analyzed. Analyses over the 3 years (2020-2021-2022) include various combinations of different digestions or fusions to test and compare their efficacy for the various pathfinder elements for LCT pegmatites: aqua regia (partial) digestion, 2) Na peroxide fusion (total), 3) 4-acid (near total) digestion, 4) Li-meta/tetraborate fusion, 5) loss on ignition, and 6) portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF).

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Bhattarai, Rabin, Yufan Zhang, and Jacob Wood. Evaluation of Various Perimeter Barrier Products. Illinois Center for Transportation, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-009.

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Construction activities entail substantial disturbance of topsoil and vegetative cover. As a result, stormwater runoff and erosion rates are increased significantly. If the soil erosion and subsequently generated sediment are not contained within the site, they would have a negative off-site impact as well as a detrimental influence on the receiving water body. In this study, replicable large-scale tests were used to analyze the ability of products to prevent sediment from exiting the perimeter of a site via sheet flow. The goal of these tests was to compare products to examine how well they retain sediment and how much ponding occurs upstream, as well as other criteria of interest to the Illinois Department of Transportation. The products analyzed were silt fence, woven monofilament geotextile, Filtrexx Siltsoxx, ERTEC ProWattle, triangular silt dike, sediment log, coconut coir log, Siltworm, GeoRidge, straw wattles, and Terra-Tube. Joint tests and vegetated buffer strip tests were also conducted. The duration of each test was 30 minutes, and 116 pounds of clay-loam soil were mixed with water in a 300 gallon tank. The solution was continuously mixed throughout the test. The sediment-water slurry was uniformly discharged over an 8 ft by 20 ft impervious 3:1 slope. The bottom of the slope had a permeable zone (8 ft by 8 ft) constructed from the same soil used in the mixing. The product was installed near the center of this zone. Water samples were collected at 5 minute intervals upstream and downstream of the product. These samples were analyzed for total sediment concentration to determine the effectiveness of each product. The performance of each product was evaluated in terms of sediment removal, ponding, ease of installation, and sustainability.

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Knight, R. D., and H. A. J. Russell. Quantifying the invisible: pXRF analyses of three boreholes, British Columbia and Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331176.

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Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) technology collects geochemical data at a fraction of the cost of traditional laboratory methods. Although the pXRF spectrometer provides concentrations for 41 elements, only a subset of these elements meet the criteria for definitive, quantitative, and qualitative data. However, high-quality pXRF data obtained by correct application of analytical protocols, can provide robust insight to stratigraphy and sediment characteristics that are often not observed by, for example, visual core logging, grain size analysis, and geophysical logging. We present examples of geochemical results obtained from pXRF analysis of drill core samples from three boreholes located in Canada, that demonstrate: 1) Definitive stratigraphic boundaries observed in geochemical changes obtained from 380 analyses collected over 150 m of core, which intersects three Ordovician sedimentary formations and Precambrian granite. These boundaries could not be reconciled by traditional visual core logging methods. 2) Significant elemental concentration changes observed in 120 samples collected in each of two ~120 m deep boreholes located in a confined paleo-glacial foreland basin. The collected geochemical data provide insight to sediment provenance and stratigraphic relationships that were previously unknown. 3) Abrupt changes in the geochemical signature in a subset of 135 samples collected from a 151 m deep borehole intersecting Quaternary glacial derived till, sands, and ahomogeneous silt and clay succession. These data provide a platform for discussion on ice sheet dynamics, changes in depositional setting, and changes in provenance. Results from each of these studies highlights previously unknown (invisible) geological information revealed through geochemical analyses. A significant benefit of using pXRF technology is refining sampling strategies in near real time and the ability to increase sample density at geochemical boundaries with little increase in analysis time or budget. The data also provide an opportunity to establish a chemostratigraphic framework that complements other stratigraphic correlation techniques, including geophysical methods. Overall, data collected with pXRF technology provide new insights into topics such as spatial correlations, facies changes, provenance changes, and depositional environment changes.

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