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Статті в журналах з теми "Civilian missions"
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Yanet, Aishatu Morido. "Civilian Dimensions of Peace Support Operations in Africa." Journal of International Peacekeeping 25, no. 3 (October 25, 2022): 261–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-25030001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Civilian dimensions complement the Military and Police components of Peace Support Operations (pso s) in contemporary peace missions. This article will focus on enhancing civilian capacities to enable them play their roles in mandate implementation. To properly interrogate this phenomenon, the concept of civilian dimensions in pso will be clearly defined in the light of rationale for participation. Furthermore, existing mechanisms in the UN, AU and ecowas will be utilised to underscore the significance of civilians owing to the changing dynamics of the conflict and security environment. The structures of two missions, African-led International Support to Mali (afisma) and African Mission in Somalia (amisom) will be used to highlight the achievements and existing gaps, in civilian dimensions in Africa. The final section addresses the challenges militating against the development of civilian dimensions and its future in Africa.
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Mukherjee, Anit. "“Every death matters?”: Combat casualties, role conception, and civilian control." European Journal of International Security 7, no. 1 (November 23, 2021): 124–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eis.2021.28.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractHow do combat missions, defined as an armed confrontation that causes casualties, shape civil-military relations and military’s role conception? This article argues that militaries that incur combat casualties gain a stronger hand in the civil-military equilibrium. This is because casualties affect domestic political opinion and give prominence to the views expressed by military officials. Civilians are then more deferential to professional military advice. In turn, the military obtains considerable operational freedom, and can pick and choose missions which they find desirable. Second, the military’s role conception – an important determinant of military missions, is shaped most prominently by its combat experience. Militaries sustaining casualties obtain leverage vis-à-vis civilians and based on their institutional preference, they either prioritise or avoid non-traditional missions. While making these arguments, this article examines combat casualties, role conception, and civilian control in India. These concepts as a whole and, the Indian case study especially are surprisingly understudied considering it is among the few non-Western democracies with firm civilian control, a record of overseas intervention operations and a military with varying roles and missions. Analysing India’s experience therefore adds to the literature and illuminates the mechanism through which casualties affect civil-military relations.
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Kirschner, Shanna, and Adam Miller. "Does Peacekeeping Really Bring Peace? Peacekeepers and Combatant-perpetrated Sexual Violence in Civil Wars." Journal of Conflict Resolution 63, no. 9 (February 18, 2019): 2043–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002719831069.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Peacekeeping mitigates killing, but nonlethal violence also influences both positive peace and stability. We evaluate peacekeepers’ effect on one such type of abuse, sexual violence. We posit that peacekeepers raise the cost of abuses and foster institutional and cultural changes that curb violence. We find that missions both reduce the chance of any violence and limit its prevalence; larger deployments and multidimensional missions are more effective. Governments curtail violence more quickly than rebels do in response to military contingents; rebels are especially responsive when missions include large civilian components. These findings contribute to our understanding of peacekeeping in three primary ways: we expand the evaluation of peacekeeping to consider nonlethal violence; we draw attention to mission size, capacity to use force, and civilian-led programming as determinants of effectiveness; and we demonstrate how addressing nonlethal violence requires similar tools as lethal violence but is further enhanced by specific civilian-led initiatives.
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Oxha, Shpendim, and Dashmir Nasufi. "THE EU ESDP MISSIONS IN THE WESTERN BALKANS." Knowledge International Journal 30, no. 6 (March 20, 2019): 1503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij30061503o.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
What today increasingly tends to be characterized as the growing unity and identity of the continent of Europe is a consequence of developments and events at the end of the twentieth century. Until then, for Europe (and for today’s EU member states) more distinctions, antagonisms and different interests were characteristic than the common objectives or the common spirit of a common security policy and co-operation. The ESDP is a unique EU project that belongs to the second pillar of the EU, and aims, based on military and civil capabilities, to manage the various crises in the region and beyond and to have a diplomatic role in managing the economic, political and military crises. In the Western Balkans, the ESDP was politically and militarily engaged. In this context, the ESDP mission would be seen as a positive mission. Until today, six missions of the European security and defense policy in Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo have been made, of which one military and two civilians. Operation Concordia in Macedonia was undoubtedly the first NATO military mission under the EU/ESDP leadership in the framework of the “Berlin Plus” Agreement. Mission “Proxima” as a continuation of the mission “Concordia” was a civilian mission within the Macedonian police to support this and focus on the fight against organized crime. Mission “Proxima” continued to focus on the gradual stabilization of the country. In Bosnia and Hercegovina, under the EU-ESDP umbrella were two missions, a military one under the name “EUDOR -Althea” and one police mission under the name EUPM. Both the police and military missions were succeeding NATO missions. This agreement and the story of ESDP were the results of the BERLIN plus agreement. Finally, the EU-ESDP is represented with a mission in Kosovo as an agreement between UNMIK-NATO-EU/ESDP. The EULEX mission (deployment) is a civilian mission whose main purpose is to assist and support Kosovo's authorities in rule of law, especially in the police, judiciary and customs field. This is a technical mission that will monitor, instruct and advise while retaining a limited number of executive powers. EULEX acts in a general framework of United Resolution 1244 and has a unified chain of command in Brussels.
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Pion-Berlin, David. "A Tale of Two Missions." Armed Forces & Society 43, no. 1 (July 27, 2016): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x16631084.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Latin American scholars often maintain that militaries should be kept out of internal security operations. Soldiers, they claim, are ill suited for these assignments, inevitably placing innocent civilians in harm’s way. This study instead argues that not all counternarcotic missions are the same. When a specific operation coincides with a military’s capabilities and proclivities, it can be conducted effectively and humanely. When there is a disconnect between the operation and the institution, there is a greater chance for mission failure and civilian casualties. Those differences are revealed in a comparative case study of the Mexican military’s crime patrols versus its targeted operations against cartel kingpins. It finds that while there are justifiable doubts about transforming soldiers into cops, it is also the case that soldiers can conduct themselves professionally and with restraint when they are tasked with assignments that conform more closely to their skills sets.
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Malešič, Marjan. "Civilian Crisis Management in the EU – Structural and Functional Aspects." Journal of International Peacekeeping 15, no. 1-2 (March 25, 2011): 152–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187541110x540526.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article offers a general overview of civilian crisis management in the EU, its mechanisms and instruments, the nature of civil-military cooperation (coordination), and an overview of civilian crisis management missions. Particular attention will be paid to the EULEX Mission in Kosovo as a case-study of how participating civilian experts judge both the mission itself and the mission preparations (i.e. selection and training of personnel, mission strategy, mission related activities, the problems identified etc.). The article will argue that seemingly trivial operational details, such as personnel selection, the quality of pre-deployment training and advance preparation are important factors which, if not properly coordinated, could jeopardise EU goals in the field of crisis management. The author also presumes that unregulated civil-military cooperation and coordination can lead to the failure of crisis management operations.
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Törö, Csaba. "Blueprints and Modalities of Status Arrangements for CSDP Operations and Missions." European Foreign Affairs Review 25, Issue 2 (August 1, 2020): 261–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2020022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Status agreements for EU crisis management operations and missions represent a necessary legal aspect of their consensual conduct and completion. The adopted Status of Forces (SOFA) and Status of Mission (SOMA) Model Agreements for military and civilian deployments respectively have been implemented regularly in Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) undertakings for the presence and transit of EU-led multinational contingents and assets on land or at sea. Variations and repetition in the application of the ready standard frameworks dominate the spectrum of evolved practice, but casual and adaptive solutions have also indicated the occasional need for specific modalities of status arrangements for CSDP operations and missions. These include the extension of existing SOFA arrangements of an EU member, a UN peacekeeping mission or North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to an EU-led successive, supplementary or reinforcing multinational engagement in the same theatre of operation. With respect to non-standard arrangements for certain civilian CSDP crisis management deployments, their status came to be defined as activities of diplomatic missions due to the particular nature and context of EU undertakings in Bosnia, in Congo or in Kosovo. The available blueprints and tested modalities of status arrangements offer a comprehensive set of examples for the choice of adequate solutions for any future CSDP operation or mission. CSDP, crisis management operation, crisis management mission, status of forces, status of mission, Model Agreement, EU forces, EULEX Kosovo
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Wojnicz, Luiza. "Indicators for measuring Europeanisation ad extra in the EU civilian mission in Bosnia and Hercegovina from 2003-2012." Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 19, no. 4 (December 2021): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.36874/riesw.2021.4.5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents a quantitative and qualitative measurement of the components of Europeanisation ad extra in the EU civilian mission in Bosnia and Hercegovina from 2003-2012. The study aims to show that Europeanisation ad extra affects third countries to a certain extent and it is thus a form of exporting the European organisational, normative, and axiological model. The exploration relates to a completed civil mission. For the needs of this study, the Author generated two basic indicators; one quantitative and one qualitative, and used them as tools for synthesising and categorising the studied area, based on the assumption that, in this way, it will be possible to measure the intensity of the Europeanisation process in the external trajectory (ad extra). The analysis of the quantitative and qualitative indices shows the number of activities in the area of security carried out in the framework of the civilian missions in question. As evidenced by these indicators, the export of European norms, values, solutions, and practices is more likely to succeed for the Balkans than for other continents where EU civilian missions are deployed. Measurement of the Europeanisation ad extra, taking the example of Bosnia and Hercegovina, proves that in its expeditionary policy, the European Union has a significant impact on third countries through transferring European standards in various areas of security such as social or axiological.
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Murdie, Amanda. "R2P, Human Rights, and the Perils of a Bad Human Rights Intervention." Global Responsibility to Protect 9, no. 3 (August 6, 2017): 267–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-00903004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article evaluates the effects certain interventions, namely various types of third party peacekeeping missions, have had on the future human rights practices of countries experiencing civil conflict. I argue that peacekeeping with (a) an un mandate or (b) a strong civilian or humanitarian focus are the only types of missions that should cause gains in human rights performance; these missions are aligned with R2P goals. Using a cross-national sample of countries experiencing civil conflict from 1960 to 2013, I find much evidence that R2P-aligned peacekeeping missions can be a positive force for future human rights performance within countries that have experienced civil conflict, even after we account for the factors that led to the mission in the first place. Advocacy efforts in support of R2P must be careful to call for only interventions with un support and/or clear humanitarian objectives.
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Krzysztof, Goniewicz, Goniewicz Mariusz, and Dorota Lasota. "Armed Forces Operation in the Scope of the Civilian Health Protection during Peacekeeping and Stabilization Missions: A Short Review." Safety & Defense 4 (October 5, 2018): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37105/sd.9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nowadays, the diversity of armed conflicts determines the participants of international relations to undertake various actions in the scope of civilian health protection. It should be noted that tasks resulting from civilian protection are fulfilled in numerous manners, depending on the situation of the armed conflict. The article presents actions undertaken by the armed forces in the scope of the civilian health protection during peacekeeping and stabilization missions. There are also presented engagement of Polish armed forces in Afghanistan and their actions to improve the civilian population.
Дисертації з теми "Civilian missions"
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FISOGNI, COSTANZO. "Il civilian crisis management nell'Unione Europea." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/120.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La gestione civile delle crisi (GCC) si inserisce nel contesto della Politica Europea di Sicurezza e Difesa (PESD) che, a sua volta, è uno degli elementi della più ampia PESC (Politica Estera e di Sicurezza Comune). GCC, PESD e PESC sono componenti delle relazioni esterne dell'Unione europea (UE). La gestione civile delle crisi è una policy dell'UE la cui analisi richiede di rispondere a diversi quesiti teorico pratici: 1) cosa è esattamente la gestione civile delle crisi e a cosa essa corrisponde in ambito UE (Capitolo I); 2) quali sono le caratteristiche generali delle iniziative civili per il mantenimento della pace e della sicurezza internazionali realizzate dalle Nazioni Unite (NU), dall'Organizzazione per la Sicurezza e la Cooperazione in Europa (OSCE), dall'Unione dell'Europa Occidentale e dalla NATO (Capitolo I), 3) come si è sviluppata la GCC dal trattato di Maastricht a oggi (Capitolo II e Capitolo III); 4) come si concepisce, pianifica e lancia una missione di GCC (Capitolo iv); quali sono le missioni di GCC realizzate dall'UE dal 1997 al 2006 (capitolo v); 5) quale è la relazione tra PESC, PESD E GCC e il valore aggiunto della GCC dell'ue rispetto ad altre organizzazioni internazionali (Conclusioni)Civilian Crisis Management (CCM) is part of the European security and defence policy (ESDP), which is, on its own, an element of the broader common foreign and security policy (CFSP). CCM, ESDP and CFSP are tools of the external relations of the European Union (EU) . Civilian crisis management is a policy of the EU whose analysis requires both a theoretical and practical approach. It is indispensable to understand what civilian crisis management is, in general, and specifically in the framework of the European Union (Chapter I). Afterwards, some attention has been devoted to the investigation of the civilian crisis management initiatives of the United Nations (UN), of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), of the Western European Union (WEU) and of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (Chapter I). A further step in the understanding of the CCM of the EU is the evaluation of its historical evolution from the Treaty of Maastricht up to 2006 (Chapter II and III). It is also paramount to consider how CCM missions are designed, planned and deployed (Chapter IV) and which missions have been carried trough until 2006 (Chapter V). Finally, it has been evaluated which is the current relations in-between CCM, ESDP and CFSP and which is the added value of EU's CCM compared to the initiatives of other international organizations (Conclusions).
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FISOGNI, COSTANZO. "Il civilian crisis management nell'Unione Europea." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/120.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La gestione civile delle crisi (GCC) si inserisce nel contesto della Politica Europea di Sicurezza e Difesa (PESD) che, a sua volta, è uno degli elementi della più ampia PESC (Politica Estera e di Sicurezza Comune). GCC, PESD e PESC sono componenti delle relazioni esterne dell'Unione europea (UE). La gestione civile delle crisi è una policy dell'UE la cui analisi richiede di rispondere a diversi quesiti teorico pratici: 1) cosa è esattamente la gestione civile delle crisi e a cosa essa corrisponde in ambito UE (Capitolo I); 2) quali sono le caratteristiche generali delle iniziative civili per il mantenimento della pace e della sicurezza internazionali realizzate dalle Nazioni Unite (NU), dall'Organizzazione per la Sicurezza e la Cooperazione in Europa (OSCE), dall'Unione dell'Europa Occidentale e dalla NATO (Capitolo I), 3) come si è sviluppata la GCC dal trattato di Maastricht a oggi (Capitolo II e Capitolo III); 4) come si concepisce, pianifica e lancia una missione di GCC (Capitolo iv); quali sono le missioni di GCC realizzate dall'UE dal 1997 al 2006 (capitolo v); 5) quale è la relazione tra PESC, PESD E GCC e il valore aggiunto della GCC dell'ue rispetto ad altre organizzazioni internazionali (Conclusioni)Civilian Crisis Management (CCM) is part of the European security and defence policy (ESDP), which is, on its own, an element of the broader common foreign and security policy (CFSP). CCM, ESDP and CFSP are tools of the external relations of the European Union (EU) . Civilian crisis management is a policy of the EU whose analysis requires both a theoretical and practical approach. It is indispensable to understand what civilian crisis management is, in general, and specifically in the framework of the European Union (Chapter I). Afterwards, some attention has been devoted to the investigation of the civilian crisis management initiatives of the United Nations (UN), of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), of the Western European Union (WEU) and of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (Chapter I). A further step in the understanding of the CCM of the EU is the evaluation of its historical evolution from the Treaty of Maastricht up to 2006 (Chapter II and III). It is also paramount to consider how CCM missions are designed, planned and deployed (Chapter IV) and which missions have been carried trough until 2006 (Chapter V). Finally, it has been evaluated which is the current relations in-between CCM, ESDP and CFSP and which is the added value of EU's CCM compared to the initiatives of other international organizations (Conclusions).
3
Lloyd, Gabriella Elizabeth. "Mandating (In)Security: How UN Missions Endanger the Civilians they Intend to Protect." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500256046171791.
Повний текст джерела
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Dobrescu, Mădălina. "The EU's potential for domestic change beyond its borders : examining effective cooperation between EU civilian missions and host countries in the Eastern Neighbourhood." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3393/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis explores the conditions under which incumbent regimes in the Eastern Neighbourhood cooperate effectively with CSDP missions by adhering to and adopting the objectives set out by their mandates. In establishing whether and under what circumstances CSDP missions successfully cooperate with third country governments by inducing the acceptance of and adherence to their mandates, this thesis reclaims a focus on the local dimension of EU partner countries in order to explore the extent to which domestic stakeholders display agency in their relations with the EU and are able to constrain and/or facilitate its foreign policy. It thus asks: under what conditions do incumbent regimes in host countries embrace EU-driven strategies and reforms? The thesis examines two CSDP functions – rule transfer and confidence-building – across three CSDP missions in the Eastern Neighbourhood: the EUJUST Themis rule of law mission to Georgia, the European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine (EUBAM) and the European Union Monitoring Mission (EUMM) to Georgia. Drawing on rational-choice assumptions and recent academic contributions to the Eastern Neighbourhood literature, this thesis starts from the premise that the sine qua non condition for effective cooperation between CSDP missions and incumbent regimes in the Eastern Neighbourhood is the compatibility between EU objectives and the incumbent regimes’ intrinsic preference for gaining and/or maintaining political power. Defined as preferential fit, the ‘match’ between the goals of EU missions – as highlighted by their mandates – and the political agendas of national governments in ENP countries emerges as the necessary condition that facilitates effective EU-ENP cooperation. In addition to confirming the centrality of the agency-oriented concept of ‘preferential fit’ for the development of effective cooperation between the EU and its Eastern neighbours, the findings outlined in the four empirical-analytical chapters also identify the conditions which shape the cost-benefit calculations of national governments: 1. The competing strategies of domestic veto players; 2. The potential for alternative coalitions (Russia, US other international organisations); 3. The cost-effectiveness of threats and side-payments (i.e. EU policy-specific conditionality; and EU capacity-building).
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Mounier, Gregory. "From post-conflict peacebuilding to the protection of the EU's internal security regime : the impact of the external dimension of JHA on ESDP civilian crisis management missions." Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.541987.
Повний текст джерела
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Orth, Simon. "European Union Security Governance : the external dimension of Justice and Home Affairs in the context of the civilian crisis management missions, Proxima (Macedonia), EUBAM (Moldova) and EULEX (Kosovo)." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/european-union-security-governance-the-external-dimension-of-justice-and-home-affairs-in-the-context-of-the-civilian-crisis-management-missions-proxima-macedonia-eubam-moldova-and-eulex-kosovo(2f63b26a-4993-4d4e-80be-7437f15d7bf6).html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis explores the Security Governance of the European Union (EU) by examining the relationship between the external dimension of Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) and civilian crisis management missions. More specifically it tests the capacity of EU level actors to project the external dimension of JHA's goals, in a coordinated and coherent fashion, into the Union's near abroad. The research 'puzzle' lies in the multi-dimensional character of the external dimension of JHA. The fact that the domains tools and competencies are spread within and across all three pillars of the EU make its coordination with civilian crisis management missions far from straight-forward. The ambition to link the two policy domains has been expressed repeatedly by the EU in high profile strategic documents, such as the European Security Strategy of 2003, and the 2005 'A Strategy for the External Dimension of JHA: Global Freedom, Security and Justice'. This thesis endeavours to test the EU's performance in governing the external dimension of JHA and the need to link its goals with those of civilian crisis management missions. It does this by taking three civilian crisis management missions recently projected into the EU's milieu, with mandates related to security sector reform and JHA. The missions selected for comparison are: Proxima launched in 2003 in Macedonia; EU Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine launched in 2005; and finally, EULEX Kosovo launched in 2008. These missions are selected to serve as prime test cases for the interface between JHA and civilian crisis management missions, covering a time period that will allow for an examination of continuity and change in foreign and security policy at the EU level.
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Foley, Conor G. "The protection of civilians by UN peacekeeping missions under international law." Thesis, University of Essex, 2016. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/18370/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis considers the nature and extent of the United Nations’ obligations to protect the lives and physical integrity of civilians. Over 100,000 UN peacekeeping personnel are currently deployed on missions with authority from the Security Council to protect civilians at risk . Chapter VII of the UN Charter provides a UN mission with the jus ad bellum authority to use force, but is silent on the rules that would govern the resulting actions, which must either be found in the jus in bello provisions of international humanitarian law (IHL) or the regulations on the use of force contained in international human rights law. Most existing UN guidance stresses the applicability of IHL . This thesis argues that the positive and negative obligations of international human rights law will usually be more appropriate. Chapter VII contains no references to international human rights law and nor was this initially considered a concern of the Security Council. This has changed considerably in recent decades. It is increasingly accepted that humanitarian crises can justify the Security Council’s use of its Chapter VII powers, although this has been accompanied by growing concern about the lack of accountability with which they are sometimes used. The UN Charter specifies that its provisions take precedence over all other international treaties. There is no mechanism to judicially review the Security Council’s actions and the legal immunities that cover UN missions, makes it difficult to scrutinise their records. UN missions mandated to protect civilians have repeatedly failed to do so. Yet there does not appear to be a single case where the UN has taken disciplinary action against senior staff for failing to protect civilians in line with a mission mandate. Mechanisms need to be created to improve the accountability of UN missions to those that they are responsible for protecting.
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Camacho, Carlos Eduardo Paladines. "Civil military operations in Ecuador." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Mar%5FCamacho.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil-Military Relations)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2003.Thesis advisor(s): Harold Trinkunas, Jeanne Giraldo. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
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Paone, Martina. "From Civilising Mission to Civilian Power: Rethinking EU Peacebuilding from a Postcolonial Perspective." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/278921/4/phd.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research intends to explore the reverberations of the colonial experience in the European Union (EU) peacebuilding policy-making towards the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). In particular, it aims at reconstructing the link between the European colonial past and the EU, in order to address to what extent such historical heritage is manifested in the discursive practices of EU peacebuilding policy-making towards the Democratic Republic of Congo.Thus, the thesis seeks to answer to the following research question: “How does the EU address the European colonial legacy in peacebuilding policy-making towards the Democratic Republic of Congo?” To do so, the research position itself in a critical conversation with EU Studies and Postcolonial Studies, and mobilises Discourse-Historical Approach influenced by Colonial Discourse Theory as a methodological tool. After having gathered interviews with EU Officials working on peacebuilding policies, having conducted archival research in the Historical Archives of the European Union and having undertaken participant observation at the European External Action Service, the results of this research are mainly twofold. Firstly, this study shows that within EU peacebuilding policy-makers the colonial legacy is hardly addressed. Yet, the EU relies on a dehistoricised regime where selective historical events are mobilised to the objective of legitimising EU peacebuilding actions. Secondly, the research identifies discursive strategies that reproduce colonial discourses in EU peacebuilding policy-making. These strategies, mainly based on racial stereotypes, connote an unchanging order based on a fixed donor/recipient binary. Such pervasive discourses tend to perpetuate dependency, instead of reaffirming an independent peace process that is supposed to be the final goal of EU peacebuilding policies.Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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McManus, Iain Andrew. "A Multidisciplinary Approach to Highly Autonomous UAV Mission Planning and Piloting for Civilian Airspace." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16130/1/Iain_McManus_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the last decade, the development and deployment of Uninhabited Airborne Vehicles (UAVs) has increased dramatically. This has in turn increased the desire to operate UAVs in civilian-airspace. Current UAV platforms can be integrated into civilian-airspace, with other air traffic, however they place a high burden on their human operators in order to do so. In order to meet the competing objectives of improved integration and low operator workload it will be necessary to increase the intelligence on-board the UAV.
This thesis presents the results of the research which has been conducted into increasing the on-board intelligence of the UAV. The intent in increasing the on-board intelligence is to improve the ability of a UAV to integrate into civilian-airspace whilst also reducing the workload placed upon the UAV's operator. The research has focused upon increasing the intelligence in two key areas: mission planning; and mission piloting.
Mission planning is the process of determining how to fly from one location to another, whilst avoiding entities (eg. airspace boundaries and terrain) on the way. Currently this task is typically performed by a trained human operator. This thesis presents a novel multidisciplinary approach for enabling a UAV to perform, on-board, its own mission planning. The novel approach draws upon techniques from the 3D graphics and robotics fields in order to enable the UAV to perform its own mission planning. This enables the UAV's operator to provide the UAV with the locations (waypoints) to fly to. The UAV will then determine for itself how to reach the locations safely. This relieves the UAV's operator of the burden of performing the mission planning for the UAV.
As part of this novel approach to on-board mission planning, the UAV constructs and maintains an on-board situational awareness of the airspace environment. Through techniques drawn from the 3D graphics field the UAV becomes capable of constructing and interacting with a 3D digital representation of the civilian-airspace environment. This situational awareness is a fundamental component of enabling the UAV to perform its own mission planning and piloting.
The mission piloting research has focused upon the areas of collision avoidance and communications. These are tasks which are often handled by a human operator. The research identified how these processes can be performed on-board the UAV through increasing the on-board intelligence. A unique approach to collision avoidance was developed, which was inspired by robotics techniques. This unique approach enables the UAV to avoid collisions in a manner which adheres to the applicable Civil Aviation Regulations, as defined by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) of Australia. Furthermore, the collision avoidance algorithms prioritise avoiding collisions which would result in a loss of life or injury.
Finally, the communications research developed a natural language-based interface to the UAV. Through this interface, the UAV can be issued commands and can also be provided with updated situational awareness information. The research focused upon addressing issues related to using natural language for a civilian-airspace-integrated UAV. This area has not previously been addressed. The research led to the definition of a vocabulary targeted towards a civilian-airspace-integrated UAV. This vocabulary caters for the needs of both Air Traffic Controllers and general UAV operators. This requires that the vocabulary cater for a diverse range of skill levels. The research established that a natural language-based communications system could be applied to a civilian-airspace-integrated UAV for both command and information updates.
The end result of this research has been the development of the Intelligent Mission Planner and Pilot (IMPP). The IMPP represents the practical embodiment of the novel algorithms developed throughout the research. The IMPP was used to evaluate the performance of the algorithms which were developed. This testing process involved the execution of over 3000 hours of simulated flights. The testing demonstrated the high performance of the algorithms developed in this research.
The research has led to the successful development of novel on-board situational awareness, mission planning, collision avoidance and communications capabilities. This thesis presents the development, implementation and testing of these capabilities. The algorithms which provide these capabilities go beyond the existing body of knowledge and provide a novel contribution to the established research. These capabilities enable the UAV to perform its own mission planning, avoid collisions and receive natural language-based communications. This provides the UAV with a direct increase in the intelligence on-board the UAV, which is the core objective of this research. This increased on-board intelligence improves the integration of the UAV into civilian-airspace whilst also reducing the operator's workload.
Книги з теми "Civilian missions"
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EU civilian crisis management: The record so far. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2010.
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Canada. Royal Canadian Mounted Police Training Directorate. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police as civilian police officers in UNited Nations peace missions: Assessment and perspectives : final report. Ottawa: Royal Canadian Mounted Police Training Directorate, 1994.
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LeBeuf, Marcel-Eugène. Participation of members of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police as civilian police monitors in United Nations peace-keeping missions: Assessment and perspectives, final report. [Ottawa: Royal Canadian Mounted Police], 1994.
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Mission inachevée. Genève: éditions du Tricorne, 2005.
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United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Arms Control and Nonproliferation., ed. Nuclear infrastructure nonproliferation impact assessment for accomplishing expanded civilian nuclear energy research and development and isotope production missions in the United States, including the role of the Fast Flux Text Facility. [Washington, DC]: U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Arms Control and Nonproliferation, 2000.
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United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management., ed. Mission plan for the Civilian Radioactive Waste Management Program. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management, 1985.
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Mission to civilize: The French way. New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1988.
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Mission to civilize: The French way. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1986.
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Civic, Melanne A., and Jon Gundersen. Unity of mission: Civilian-military teams in war and peace. Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Air University Press, Air Force Research Institute, 2015.
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United States. Operations Mission to Vietnam. U.S. civilian advisory effort in Vietnam: U.S. Operations Mission, 1950-1954. [Farmington Hills, Mich.]: Gale, a part of Cengage Learning, 2011.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Civilian missions"
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Carlton, Darrel K. "Humanitarian Missions." In Ophthalmology in Military and Civilian Casualty Care, 241–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14437-1_17.
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Doyle, Kieran. "Context for Common Security and Defence Civilian Missions." In EU Peacebuilding Missions, 1–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18769-8_1.
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Doyle, Kieran. "Civilian CSDP and Fitting in on the Ground Through an Integrated Approach." In EU Peacebuilding Missions, 33–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18769-8_2.
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Badalič, Vasja. "Death Comes at Night: Civilian Victims in U.S. Kill-or-Capture Missions in Afghanistan." In The War Against Civilians, 47–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12406-9_3.
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Fujishige, Hiromi Nagata, Yuji Uesugi, and Tomoaki Honda. "East Timor: Adapting to “Integration” and Responding to “Robustness”." In Japan’s Peacekeeping at a Crossroads, 103–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88509-0_6.
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AbstractIn this chapter, we will examine the Self-Defense Forces’ (SDF’s) participation in the UN missions in East Timor, or Timor-Leste in Portuguese. Here we pay special heed to the Japanese peacekeepers’ activities in the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor and the United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor from the early to mid-2000s. These United Nations Peacekeeping Operations (UNPKOs) aimed to support independence and statebuilding in East Timor by combining peacekeeping and peacebuilding. Similar to the case of Cambodia, the Japanese delegation put the greatest emphasis on engineering, which was a good fit with the goals of these UNPKOs. In East Timor, the Japan Engineering Groups engaged in civil engineering works, not only to support the UN missions but also as direct bilateral assistance to local residents in close collaboration with Japan’s ODA (the “All Japan” approach). Meanwhile, the strict constraints in the Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) Act were highlighted again, especially in terms of the protection of Japanese nationals, when the SDF rescued Japanese citizens during a 2002 riot. In addition to military deployment, civilian police personnel also contributed to the United Nations Mission in East Timor in preparation for the referendum on independence in 1999. Similar contributions were made to resume statebuilding assistance to the United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste after the recurrence of violence in 2006.
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Juvan, Jelena, and Janja Vuga. "Civilian Entities in EU Missions: A Comparison of the Slovenian, Italian, Belgian and Danish Approaches." In Managing Crises, Making Peace, 196–215. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137442253_10.
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Roennfeldt, Carsten F. "International Relations and Military Sciences." In Handbook of Military Sciences, 1–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02866-4_39-1.
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AbstractFor all who consider war a political instrument it should be clear that the role and missions of armed forces can only be properly understood in the context of international relations whereby military professionals must have a solid understanding of this subject. This chapter reaches out to students at military and civilian educational institutions and offers a big-picture introduction to the academic field of International Relations (IR) with emphasis on military matters. It does so by presenting four major debates that highlight key questions and divergent theories and approaches that have shaped this field. The second part of the chapter relates these debates to IR’s scientific foundation in a way that can inspire current academic endeavors to develop the military sciences.
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Fakiolas, Efstathios T., and Nikolaos Tzifakis. "Chapter 7: Establishing the Rule of Law in Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Contribution of the EU Civilian Missions." In A Quarter Century of Post-Communism Assessed, 187–216. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43437-7_8.
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Fujishige, Hiromi Nagata, Yuji Uesugi, and Tomoaki Honda. "South Sudan: The SDF and “Protection of Civilians”." In Japan’s Peacekeeping at a Crossroads, 141–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88509-0_8.
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AbstractThe Japan Engineering Groups (JEG) deployment to the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) from 2012 to 2017 exhibited consecutive aspects of “integration” and “robustness.” During the first two years, Japan’s method of “integration,” or the “All Japan” approach, fit well with UNMISS’s focus on statebuilding. It yielded various outcomes, not only in the restoration of facilities and infrastructure (e.g., road construction) but also in the nonengineering support provided to the locals (e.g., job training). With the outbreak of de facto civil war in December 2013, however, UNMISS’s top priority moved from statebuilding to Protection of Civilians (PoC), thereby intensifying inclinations toward “robustness.” Afterward, the JEG mostly focused on the construction of a PoC site, that is, a shelter for evacuated locals and internally displaced people. While security in South Sudan continued to deteriorate, the amendment to the Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) Act as part of the 2015 Peace and Security Legislation enabled the Government of Japan (GoJ) to assign the JEG to partial security missions, such as the “coming-to-aid” duty. In the end, however, the GoJ abruptly withdrew the JEG in May 2017, thereby discontinuing the series of SDF deployments to United Nations Peacekeeping Operations since 1992.
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Anheier, Helmut K. "Civility and Global Civil Society: The Missing Link." In Bottom-Up Politics, 50–60. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230357075_4.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Civilian missions"
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Constantinescu, Maria. "MODELLING THE PROCESS OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING FOR MILITARY AND CIVILIAN PERSONNEL WITHIN THE CSDP." In eLSE 2017. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-17-002.
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In the context of the dramatic changes in the European security and defence environment, the European Union needs to increase its resolve and determination in ensuring its own security and defence, both in cooperation with NATO but also on its own. The complex framework of the European security and defence, rather generic and flawed by many shortfalls, should be refined and optimized in many areas. A functioning European defence framework, regardless of its final format, can only be build on the foundations of EU institutions manned by military and civilian personnel that use the same doctrines, concepts, definitions, sets and values and mind-sets, related to the common European goals, as an addition to their national cultural values and backgrounds. This requires a decisive reform in the education and training of the personnel working in the various bodies and agencies related to the Common European Security and Defence. In this context, the use of the existent E-Education and e-Training concepts bears a significant importance in increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of this process. At the same time, a major challenge would be the necessity to integrate and correlate the educational objectives, the curricula and the newest IT@C technologies to facilitate the attainment of the desired educational outcomes. This paper aims to propose a model of analysis and implementation of a process geared towards an integrated and coordinated education and training for the military and civilian personnel involved in the CSDP framework, in order to allow the optimization of the fulfilment of the European defence and security missions and objectives.
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Williams, Christopher B., Logan Sturm, and Alfred E. Wicks. "Advancing Student Learning of Design for Additive Manufacturing Principles Through an Extracurricular Vehicle Design Competition." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47622.
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A lack of knowledge of how to design products specifically for Additive Manufacturing (AM, also referred to as “3D Printing”) is often viewed as a barrier to industrial adoption of the technology. To advance the AM workforce, the author hosted a 10-week university-wide extracurricular competition that challenged students to design, build, and operate remotely piloted ground and air vehicles made entirely via AM and a standardized electronics kit. The context of the competition was guided by the Department of Defense’s shared vision for forward deployment of AM systems to provide agile on-site part production and reduction of supply chain complexity. The competition vehicles were designed to allow future deployed military or civilian engineers to fabricate remotely-piloted vehicles while in battlefield or austere environmental conditions, such as the site of a natural disaster to search for survivors or to carry out reconnaissance missions. The competition served as unique informal learning environment that engaged over 200 students in the emerging principles of “design for Additive Manufacturing” (DfAM). In this paper, the author presents an overview of the competition structure, and the results of preliminary assessment of the students’ gains in design learning.
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Ghoshal, Anindya, Michael J. Walock, Muthuvel Murugan, Clara Mock, Luis Bravo, Marc Pepi, Andy Nieto, et al. "Governing Parameters Influencing CMAS Adhesion and Infiltration Into Environmental/Thermal Barrier Coatings in Gas Turbine Engines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-92000.
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Abstract Sand particulate ingestion into modern gas turbine engines for fixed wing and vertical lift aircraft is a significant challenge for both military and civilian missions. ARL as part of a DoD funded Laboratory University Collaborative Initiative (LUCI) and Vannevar Bush Fellowship at UCSD are investigating the governing parameters that primarily influences the CMAS adhesion kinetics and infiltration on the standard Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) as part of metallic single crystal Nickel superalloys TBC and SiC/SiC CMC T/EBCs. Current research shows various parameters including CMAS viscosity, porosity, adhesion strength, contact angle (wettability factor), geological factors affecting sand formation, coating and structural substrate roughness and surface temperature, internal flow Reynolds number, temperature, pressure, Mach number, boundary layer and bleed air, coating process (columnar vs splat morphology), tortuosity factor et al affects the CMAS adhesion and infiltration. This paper is a summary of our current research to identify and study the governing parameters that affects the CMAS formation, adhesion and infiltration and the underlying interfaces between CMAS and T/EBC, bond coat and the structural substrate. This work is aligned with Army Modernization Priority Future Vertical Lift and PEO Aviation Advanced Turbine Engine (ATE) Program.
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Peng, Chengyang, A. M. Masum Bulbul Chowdhury, Jinsai Cheng, Richard L. George, and Tao Shen. "Development of a Robotic Landing System for UAVs Applied in Various Terrains." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22606.
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Abstract Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), often referred as drones, have been widely implemented for civilian, commercial, search and rescue, and military operations with the advantages of easy deployment, low cost, automation, as well as, most importantly, allowing the execution of dangerous or difficult tasks remotely and safely. However, current UAVs are equipped with a skid or wheel landing gear that limits the application of UAVs to an even and flat ground for safe landing and taking off; this constraint impedes the development of UAVs for application in extreme environments, such as war fields and remote wilderness where proximate level ground is inaccessible. The ability of UAVs to land on un-level ground would help broaden the application of UAVs; in particular, the ability to go beyond thermal imaging to locate a lost hiker with the ability to land and deliver life-sustaining resources in a more timely manner offers a benefit to human rescue missions. This paper presents an innovative robotic landing system consisting of three slanted legs, each individually controlled by a motor. The footpad of each leg has an integrated force sensor for detecting ground touch. An inclinometer is installed on the platform of the landing system to sense the UAVs orientation during landing. Thus, the landing system can keep the platform horizontal when it lands on the ground by extending or retracting the legs. The feasibility and effectiveness of the robotic method have been demonstrated by several indoor and outdoor experiments.
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Prapamonthon, Prasert, Bo Yin, and Guowei Yang. "Extra-Low Reynolds Number Vane Separation Using Immersed Boundary Method." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-5077.
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Abstract Nowadays, mini unmanned aerial vehicles (MUAVs) and micro air vehicles (MAVs) are not only beneficially used as aviation models but also as modern drones for military missions and other civilian applications. Hence, research and development of propulsion sources for MUAVs and MAVs dynamically increase with a future trend of high performance, but low energy consumption. Certainly, using micro and ultra-small-size gas turbine is a good option for the propulsion source. To achieve ideal flight of MUAVs and MAVs powered by micro and ultra-small-size gas turbines under this trend, understanding of flow phenomena at wide ranges of Reynolds number is essential. This research presents a 2D numerical study of characteristics of laminar flow separation and the trailing-edge vortex on a turbine vane at extra-low Reynolds numbers (Res) i.e. Re = 1800 and 3600, and three rotational angles (α) i.e. α = 0°, 15° and 30° using immersed boundary method (IBM). With this method, the problem of incompressible flow is addressed by a sharp interface IBM. Numerical results indicate that IBM can characterize phenomena of laminar separation flow, which usually happens on the turbine airfoil when laminar boundary layer cannot overcome adverse pressure gradients and viscous effects. To our current knowledge, this may be the first research to study flow behavior at such low Res for gas turbine vanes using IBM. Even though it is now not common to operate micro and ultra-small-size gas turbines under these conditions, it is important to know how aerodynamic performance may be if micro and ultra-small-size gas turbines need to run under such conditions in the near future.
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D'Huys, Elke, Petra Vanlommel, Jan Janssens, and Ronald Van der Linden. "Come fly with us: services provided by the Space Weather Education Centre." In Symposium on Space Educational Activities (SSAE). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.004.
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The Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence brings together and supports sun-space-earth research and services present at the federal level in Belgium. In 2019, the STCE was a founding member of a European network, PECASUS, that provides space weather services for civil aviation. Our expertise in solar observations and research combined with the experience of our Global Navigation Satellite System and solar particle radiation group proved to be crucial. The STCE also strongly invests in education and training as these are a backbone of quality research and services, and therefore created the Space Weather Education Centre. This centre offers the Space Weather Introductory Course covering the Sun, solar storms, heliosphere, ionosphere, magnetosphere, instruments and methods to observe solar and space weather activity, as well as reading and interpreting our space weather bulletins. This course is taught to future space weather advisory staff, both military and civilian. It is based upon the STCE’s expertise gained through scientific research, involvement in space missions and space weather monitoring, and on its forecasting capabilities. The course is given by qualified staff. In addition to the Space Weather Introductory Course, the STCE has been and remains involved in a wide range of outreach activities, from public lectures, over dedicated classes and workshops at schools, organization of public events like open doors, publications in popular journals and on online media, scientific newsletters and press releases, to the participation in science festivals and the organization of events for the scientific community. In this paper, we present more details of our educational programme, reflect on the methodologies used, and provide an overview of the obtained results
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Schmitz, Hans-Christian, Reinout Pienemann, and Matthias Deneckere. "Information management in a civilian mission EUCAP Somalia case study." In 2017 International Conference on Military Communications and Information Systems (ICMCIS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmcis.2017.7956488.
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Fardink, Paul. "God's Machine: The Miracle at Gander." In Vertical Flight Society 78th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0078-2022-17562.
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After crossing the North Atlantic Ocean in the early morning hours of September 18, 1946, a Sabena Airlines DC-4 OO-CBG, carrying 37 passengers and seven crew members, crashed in dense fog and drizzle 22 miles short of the Gander, Newfoundland Airport. Considered by many to be the first major civilian airliner crash, it was also the first major U.S. Coast Guard rescue mission with helicopters. Working together, the Coast Guard, the U.S. Army, and Canadian personnel used Sikorsky helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft to successfully complete this heroic rescue of 18 survivors in what the media considered “the Miracle at Gander.” This inter-service and civilian team exhibited unrivaled courage, innovation, and compassion, resulting in a nearly flawless operation. What happened at Gander would also serve as the turning point for future Coast Guard rescue mission use of the helicopter, which many, then and since, have considered to be “God’s machine.”
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Regan, Christopher, Jason Price, and Joshua Albers. "Advancing Space Mission Operations Best Practices between the Military and Civilian Communities." In AIAA SPACE 2012 Conference & Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-5258.
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Baumanis, Atis, and Māris Kaļinka. "FROM TOPOGRAPHY TO VIRTUAL REALITY." In 23rd Conference for Junior Researchers „Civilinė inžinerija ir geodezija“. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/geo.2020.008.
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The supply of surveying tools and software has grown rapidly in recent decades, as has the quality demands of surveying products from designers, customers and supervisors. This article examines innovative surveying methods and compares the methods in terms of accuracy, availability, and cost. The author, drawing on the views of industry leaders, has outlined future surveyor missions, tasks and opportunities to influence and improve the design process. The article explores the latest spatial data acquisition techniques like laser scanning, digital photogrammetry, LIDAR, Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), appliances and perspectives of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) as parts of Extended Reality (XR) in design and visualization.
Звіти організацій з теми "Civilian missions"
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Smit, Timo. Delivering the Compact: Towards a More Capable and Gender-balanced EU Civilian CSDP. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/jipm5735.
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European Union (EU) member states established a political compact in 2018 to strengthen the civilian dimension of the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). Among other things, they committed to raise the number and share of seconded personnel in civilian CSDP missions to at least 70 per cent and to promote a better representation of women at all levels. The compact has been regarded positively despite mixed results. Personnel secondments have not substantially increased and there remains significant variation in burden sharing between EU member states. The share of seconded personnel actually decreased overall—from 66 per cent in 2018 to 60 per cent in 2022—and in almost every mission. Women’s representation has increased modestly in recent years and reached 24 per cent in 2022. Civilian CSDP is at a critical juncture. EU member states will adopt a new Civilian CSDP Compact by mid 2023. Several trends that were not conducive to raising the share of seconded personnel continued during the implementation of the current compact, but some of these may be reversing. This paper makes recommendations on how EU member states can renew and complement their commitments on increasing secondments and women’s representation, based on the ongoing need to strengthen civilian CSDP missions and on lessons learned from the current compact.
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Johnston, Stanley W., and Jr. Domestic Support Operations: Military Roles, Missions, and Interface with Civilian Agencies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada326931.
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N. Draft Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for Accomplishing Expanded Civilian Nuclear Energy Research and Development and Isotope Production Missions in the United States, Including the Role of the Fast Flux Test Facility. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/768667.
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Rentz, Sr, and Larry B. How the United States Army Reserve Can Effectively Support the Defense Support of Civilian Authorities Mission. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada618890.
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Author, Not Given. Comments on US Department of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Mangement ``Draft 1988 Mission Plan Amendment`` (DOE/RW-0187, June 1988). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/137622.
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Kerber, Steve, and Robin Zevotek. Fire Service Summary Report: Study of Residential Attic Fire Mitigation Tactics and Exterior Fire Spread Hazards on Firefighter Safety. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/pxtq2256.
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Attic fires pose many hazards for the fire service. When a fire occurs in an attic, it is common it goes unnoticed/reported until smoke or flames are visible from the outside of the structure. Because they take longer to detect, attic fires are more dangerous for firefighters and residents. In a fire situation, the attic ventilation system, which is designed to reduce moisture accumulation by drawing fresh air low from the eaves and exhausting moisture laden warm air near the peak, create an optimal fire growth and spread situation by supplying oxygen to the fire and exhausting hot gases. An estimated 10,000 residential attic fires are reported to U.S. fire departments each year and cause an estimated 30 civilian deaths, 125 civilian injuries and $477 million in property loss. The location of the attic creates several difficulties for the fire service. Firefighters must decide whether to fight the fire from inside the structure, from the outside or a combination of the two. This the decision is complicated by the constant hazard of ceiling collapse, which has the potential to rapidly deteriorate conditions in the living spaces. A piece of gypsum board may fall or be pulled from the ceiling making the relatively clear and cool conditions in the living space change very quickly endangering firefighters executing a search and rescue operation as part of their life safety mission. Further complicating the decision are the hazards associated with roof structure collapse, creating deadly conditions for firefighters operating on and under the roof. Structural collapse accounted for 180 firefighter deaths between 1979 and 2002 of which one-third occurred in residential structures . Many of these incidents involved a roof falling on firefighters or firefighters falling through the roof during firefighting operations on attic fires. The purpose of this study is to increase firefighter safety by providing the fire service with scientific knowledge on the dynamics of attic and exterior fires and the influence of coordinated fire mitigation tactics from full-scale fire testing in realistic residential structures.
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Kerber, Steve, and Robin Zevotek. Study of Residential Attic Fire Mitigation Tactics and Exterior Fire Spread Hazards on Firefighter Safety Released. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/lihb1439.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Attic fires pose many hazards for the fire service. When a fire occurs in an attic, it is common it goes unnoticed/reported until smoke or flames are visible from the outside of the structure. Because they take longer to detect, attic fires are more dangerous for firefighters and residents. In a fire situation, the attic ventilation system, which is designed to reduce moisture accumulation by drawing fresh air low from the eaves and exhausting moisture laden warm air near the peak, create an optimal fire growth and spread situation by supplying oxygen to the fire and exhausting hot gases. An estimated 10,000 residential attic fires are reported to U.S. fire departments each year and cause an estimated 30 civilian deaths, 125 civilian injuries and $477 million in property loss. The location of the attic creates several difficulties for the fire service. Firefighters must decide whether to fight the fire from inside the structure, from the outside or a combination of the two. This the decision is complicated by the constant hazard of ceiling collapse, which has the potential to rapidly deteriorate conditions in the living spaces. A piece of gypsum board may fall or be pulled from the ceiling making the relatively clear and cool conditions in the living space change very quickly endangering firefighters executing a search and rescue operation as part of their life safety mission. Further complicating the decision are the hazards associated with roof structure collapse, creating deadly conditions for firefighters operating on and under the roof. Structural collapse accounted for 180 firefighter deaths between 1979 and 2002 of which one-third occurred in residential structures . Many of these incidents involved a roof falling on firefighters or firefighters falling through the roof during firefighting operations on attic fires. The purpose of this study is to increase firefighter safety by providing the fire service with scientific knowledge on the dynamics of attic and exterior fires and the influence of coordinated fire mitigation tactics from full-scale fire testing in realistic residential structures.
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Taylor, Karen, Emily Moynihan, and Information Technology Laboratory (U S. ). Information Science and Knowledge Management Branch. The Forefront : A Review of ERDC Publications, Spring 2021. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40902.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) is the premier civil works engineering and environmental sciences research and development arm of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). As such, it partners with the Army, Department of Defense (DoD), federal agencies, and civilian organizations to help solve our Nation’s most challenging problems in civil and military engineering, geospatial sciences, water resources, and environmental sciences. A special government knowledge center, ERDC Information Technology Laboratory’s Information Science and Knowledge Management (ISKM) Branch is critical to ERDC’s mission, fulfilling research requirements by offering a variety of editing and library services to advance the creation, dissemination, and curation of ERDC and USACE research knowledge. Serving as the publishing authority for the ERDC, ISKM publishes all ERDC technical publications to the Digital Repository Knowledge Core, sends a copy to the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) and creates a press release about each publication on the ERDC website. The Forefront seeks to provide an additional mechanism for highlighting some of our technical publications to the ERDC, USACE, Army, and DoD communities. This publication also encourages those outside ERDC to contact us about using ERDC editing services. For more information regarding the reports highlighted in this publications or others that ERDC researchers’ have created, please contact the ISKM virtual reference desk at erdclibrary@ask-a-librarian.info or visit the ISKM’s online repository, Knowledge Core, at https://erdc-library.erdc.dren.mil/ .
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Ossoff, Will, Naz Modirzadeh, and Dustin Lewis. Preparing for a Twenty-Four-Month Sprint: A Primer for Prospective and New Elected Members of the United Nations Security Council. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/tzle1195.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Under the United Nations Charter, the U.N. Security Council has several important functions and powers, not least with regard to taking binding actions to maintain international peace and security. The ten elected members have the opportunity to influence this area and others during their two-year terms on the Council. In this paper, we aim to illustrate some of these opportunities, identify potential guidance from prior elected members’ experiences, and outline the key procedures that incoming elected members should be aware of as they prepare to join the Council. In doing so, we seek in part to summarize the current state of scholarship and policy analysis in an effort to make this material more accessible to States and, particularly, to States’ legal advisers. We drafted this paper with a view towards States that have been elected and are preparing to join the Council, as well as for those States that are considering bidding for a seat on the Council. As a starting point, it may be warranted to dedicate resources for personnel at home in the capital and at the Mission in New York to become deeply familiar with the language, structure, and content of the relevant provisions of the U.N. Charter. That is because it is through those provisions that Council members engage in the diverse forms of political contestation and cooperation at the center of the Council’s work. In both the Charter itself and the Council’s practices and procedures, there are structural impediments that may hinder the influence of elected members on the Security Council. These include the permanent members’ veto power over decisions on matters not characterized as procedural and the short preparation time for newly elected members. Nevertheless, elected members have found creative ways to have an impact. Many of the Council’s “procedures” — such as the “penholder” system for drafting resolutions — are informal practices that can be navigated by resourceful and well-prepared elected members. Mechanisms through which elected members can exert influence include the following: Drafting resolutions; Drafting Presidential Statements, which might serve as a prelude to future resolutions; Drafting Notes by the President, which can be used, among other things, to change Council working methods; Chairing subsidiary bodies, such as sanctions committees; Chairing the Presidency; Introducing new substantive topics onto the Council’s agenda; and Undertaking “Arria-formula” meetings, which allow for broader participation from outside the Council. Case studies help illustrate the types and degrees of impact that elected members can have through their own initiative. Examples include the following undertakings: Canada’s emphasis in 1999–2000 on civilian protection, which led to numerous resolutions and the establishment of civilian protection as a topic on which the Council remains “seized” and continues to have regular debates; Belgium’s effort in 2007 to clarify the Council’s strategy around addressing natural resources and armed conflict, which resulted in a Presidential Statement; Australia’s efforts in 2014 resulting in the placing of the North Korean human rights situation on the Council’s agenda for the first time; and Brazil’s “Responsibility while Protecting” 2011 concept note, which helped shape debate around the Responsibility to Protect concept. Elected members have also influenced Council processes by working together in diverse coalitions. Examples include the following instances: Egypt, Japan, New Zealand, Spain, and Uruguay drafted a resolution that was adopted in 2016 on the protection of health-care workers in armed conflict; Cote d’Ivoire, Kuwait, the Netherlands, and Sweden drafted a resolution that was adopted in 2018 condemning the use of famine as an instrument of warfare; Malaysia, New Zealand, Senegal, and Venezuela tabled a 2016 resolution, which was ultimately adopted, condemning Israeli settlements in Palestinian territory; and A group of successive elected members helped reform the process around the imposition of sanctions against al-Qaeda and associated entities (later including the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant), including by establishing an Ombudsperson. Past elected members’ experiences may offer some specific pieces of guidance for new members preparing to take their seats on the Council. For example, prospective, new, and current members might seek to take the following measures: Increase the size of and support for the staff of the Mission to the U.N., both in New York and in home capitals; Deploy high-level officials to help gain support for initiatives; Partner with members of the P5 who are the informal “penholder” on certain topics, as this may offer more opportunities to draft resolutions; Build support for initiatives from U.N. Member States that do not currently sit on the Council; and Leave enough time to see initiatives through to completion and continue to follow up after leaving the Council.
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Lewis, Dustin. Three Pathways to Secure Greater Respect for International Law concerning War Algorithms. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/wwxn5790.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Existing and emerging applications of artificial intelligence in armed conflicts and other systems reliant upon war algorithms and data span diverse areas. Natural persons may increasingly depend upon these technologies in decisions and activities related to killing combatants, destroying enemy installations, detaining adversaries, protecting civilians, undertaking missions at sea, conferring legal advice, and configuring logistics. In intergovernmental debates on autonomous weapons, a normative impasse appears to have emerged. Some countries assert that existing law suffices, while several others call for new rules. Meanwhile, the vast majority of efforts by States to address relevant systems focus by and large on weapons, means, and methods of warfare. Partly as a result, the broad spectrum of other far-reaching applications is rarely brought into view. One normatively grounded way to help identify and address relevant issues is to elaborate pathways that States, international organizations, non-state parties to armed conflict, and others may pursue to help secure greater respect for international law. In this commentary, I elaborate on three such pathways: forming and publicly expressing positions on key legal issues, taking measures relative to their own conduct, and taking steps relative to the behavior of others. None of these pathways is sufficient in itself, and there are no doubt many others that ought to be pursued. But each of the identified tracks is arguably necessary to ensure that international law is — or becomes — fit for purpose. By forming and publicly expressing positions on relevant legal issues, international actors may help clarify existing legal parameters, pinpoint salient enduring and emerging issues, and detect areas of convergence and divergence. Elaborating legal views may also help foster greater trust among current and potential adversaries. To be sure, in recent years, States have already fashioned hundreds of statements on autonomous weapons. Yet positions on other application areas are much more difficult to find. Further, forming and publicly expressing views on legal issues that span thematic and functional areas arguably may help States and others overcome the current normative stalemate on autonomous weapons. Doing so may also help identify — and allocate due attention and resources to — additional salient thematic and functional areas. Therefore, I raise a handful of cross-domain issues for consideration. These issues touch on things like exercising human agency, reposing legally mandated evaluative decisions in natural persons, and committing to engage only in scrutable conduct. International actors may also take measures relative to their own conduct. To help illustrate this pathway, I outline several such existing measures. In doing so, I invite readers to inventory and peruse these types of steps in order to assess whether the nature or character of increasingly complex socio-technical systems reliant upon war algorithms and data may warrant revitalized commitments or adjustments to existing measures — or, perhaps, development of new ones. I outline things like enacting legislation necessary to prosecute alleged perpetrators of grave breaches, making legal advisers available to the armed forces, and taking steps to prevent abuses of the emblem. Finally, international actors may take measures relative to the conduct of others. To help illustrate this pathway, I outline some of the existing steps that other States, international organizations, and non-state parties may take to help secure respect for the law by those undertaking the conduct. These measures may include things like addressing matters of legal compliance by exerting diplomatic pressure, resorting to penal sanctions to repress violations, conditioning or refusing arms transfers, and monitoring the fate of transferred detainees. Concerning military partnerships in particular, I highlight steps such as conditioning joint operations on a partner’s compliance with the law, planning operations jointly in order to prevent violations, and opting out of specific operations if there is an expectation that the operations would violate applicable law. Some themes and commitments cut across these three pathways. Arguably, respect for the law turns in no small part on whether natural persons can and will foresee, understand, administer, and trace the components, behaviors, and effects of relevant systems. It may be advisable, moreover, to institute ongoing cross-disciplinary education and training as well as the provision of sufficient technical facilities for all relevant actors, from commanders to legal advisers to prosecutors to judges. Further, it may be prudent to establish ongoing monitoring of others’ technical capabilities. Finally, it may be warranted for relevant international actors to pledge to engage, and to call upon others to engage, only in armed-conflict-related conduct that is sufficiently attributable, discernable, and scrutable.