Готові списки джерел за темами / Cities and towns

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Cities and towns"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021
Оновлено: 31 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Cities and towns"

1

Bhatta, Badri Nath. "Theorizing Small Towns in Anthropological Views in Nepal." Tribhuvan University Journal 32, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v32i1.24772.

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This paper has attempted to define the terms urban, urbanism, cities and towns which are confusing terms however interrelated. An interdisciplinary approach has been adopted to achieve this objective. The towns are small in size, population along with development basis than cities. Earlier stage of towns or small towns was village. As a foundation, village was the original form of all. In this sense, it is focused on the overall urban−rural structure where rural/village has crucial role to develop town to cities. Archeologically, the effort to subsist in primitive people was based on the process of agricultural farming. The first and early civilization in human behaviours was found in Near East (similar as Middle East in West Asia) as initial town at the bank of the river. Therefore, the origin of the towns indicates early people began to be civilized in their daily activities. Later, the towns were extended. In Nepal, there are generally urban areas, cities, towns and villages as local levels in the forms of Metropolitan Cities, Sub Metropolitan Cities, Municipality, and Rural Municipality at the one side, DUD BC at the other has classified into five classes− metro city, sub- metro city, city, sub-city or small town and urban centre based on urban faculties and population.
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Liu, Wei, Yao Tong, Jing Zhang, Zuopeng Ma, Guolei Zhou, and Yanjun Liu. "Hierarchical Correlates of the Shrinkage of Cities and Towns in Northeast China." Land 11, no. 12 (December 5, 2022): 2208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122208.

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The growth and shrinkage of cities and towns are normal phenomena in the evolution of regional town systems. The growth and shrinkage of different levels of cities and towns are mutually influential. This study uses ArcGIS and the Hierarchical Linear Model to analyze the hierarchical differences and correlations in the characteristics and mechanisms of shrinking cities and towns in Northeast China from 2000 to 2020. The results indicate that the shrinkage of cities and towns is characterized by hierarchical differences. High-level cities show widespread and slight shrinkage, while low-level towns show the most severe and continued shrinkage. The population shrinkage of cities and towns within the same municipality is not fully synchronized. In terms of spatial patterns, the multi-level relationship between cities and towns is divided into growth-driven, central siphon, peripheral growth, local growth, and global shrinkage. The shrinkage of high-level cities is mainly influenced by economic and industrial development and built-up environment. The shrinkage of low-level towns is constrained by population concentration, economic development, enterprise scale, local arable land resources, and environmental quality. Wages, jobs, and infrastructures in high-level cities have a strong siphoning effect on low-level towns, while technology and industrial development drive the population and economic development of low-level towns.
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3

Avery-Quinn, Samuel. "Cities of Zion." Journal of Planning History 17, no. 1 (June 14, 2017): 42–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1538513217710372.

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In the late nineteenth century, camp meeting towns were a common feature of the American landscape. The boards of Methodist ministers and laity overseeing these towns adopted management and planning strategies drawn from movements for romantic suburbs, sanitary reform, and urban parks. The strategies these Methodists adopted represent a practice of vernacular planning crafted decades before the professionalization of the discipline in the United States. Analysis of the planning history of two sites—Ocean Grove, NJ, and Round Lake, NY—reveals factors shaping this development of Methodistic town planning.
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Musiaka, Łukasz, Paweł Sudra, and Tomasz Spórna. "Spatial Chaos as a Result of War Damage and Post-War Transformations. Example of the Small Town of Węgorzewo." Land 10, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10050541.

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World War II’s military activities and the post-war devastation period destroyed many European cities and towns. One of the areas that was struck the most was former East Prussia, currently located in Poland and the Kaliningrad Region (the Russian Federation). In addition to the destruction of cities, which are strategically and economically important, small towns have also suffered. An example of such a town is Węgorzewo, where the scale of destruction of the pre-war urban tissue exceeded 80%, and the old town’s built-up area practically ceased to exist. This town magnifies most of the processes and spatial problems characteristic of Central and Eastern Europe’s towns of the “metamorphic” type. Post-war zoning during the Polish People’s Republic period, in the spirit of constructing a socialist town and bypassing the original spatial arrangement, brought about irreversible changes in the urban tissue. This was reflected in the break with the town’s original layout and the creation of modernist buildings. The changes were solidified or even deepened during the economic and political transition of the 1990s in Poland. Today, decades after the end of World War II, despite taking corrective measures, the town is still facing the problem of spatial chaos. Its morphological and physiognomic manifestations in the lack of a central public space, the loss of its historic character, the disharmonization of the urban landscape, and the dispersed development are the main subjects of this article’s analysis. This study uses a diverse methodological apparatus consisting of an analysis of the town’s morphological transformations, an analysis of the physiognomy of the urban landscape and architecture, in situ studies, and an analysis of municipal documents and expert interviews. In the discussion, the study results are embedded in the context of the cases of other European cities and towns. The conclusions indicate the risks to the formation of spatial order in Węgorzewo and possible paths of action.
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Fraccastoro, Katherine A., and Komal Karani. "Marketing Small Towns: A Preliminary Investigation." Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 12, no. 3 (July 1, 2014): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v12i3.8736.

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This study is a preliminary investigation into the marketing processes used by small towns/cities to attract business revenue and tourism dollars. Because small town governments do not have the resources of large cities to spend on marketing, it is unclear if they utilize the marketing process in a manner similar to large cities or businesses. Personal interviews were used to determine the process by which small towns attract businesses to their area as well as develop tourism. Small towns must develop business opportunities to encourage economic development in their cities as well as create tourism opportunities to increase the economic impact in the area. The findings indicate that, while some similarities exist due to common goals, different processes are used by different size cities. While the process for economic development through the attraction of businesses is similar in most cities, the process to create tourism differs for small towns. The smaller towns do not utilize the full marketing process which could create a better brand identity that could make them more successful. Instead, they take a more entrepreneurial approach by sharing resources and developing partnerships with other small towns to utilize their resources more effectively.
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Fishback, Price V., and Dieter Lauszus. "The Quality of Services in Company Towns: Sanitation in Coal Towns During the 1920s." Journal of Economic History 49, no. 1 (March 1989): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700007361.

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Coal company towns were infamous, being described as exploitive, and charged with providing low-quality services, like sanitation. Yet, the quality of sanitation in coal towns in 1922 appears similar to that in cities of similar size, although lagging behind that in major cities. Within the coal region, company and independent towns provided similar levels of sanitation. The quality of sanitation in company towns varied in response to cost-related factors, including town age, population, and natural location. Meanwhile, workers were mobile and demanded compensating increases in wage rates in towns with lower-quality sanitation and higher rents.
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Shastri, Aparna. "Built Morphology and the Impact of Planning Policies: Case of Small Towns in Karnataka, India." International Journal of Environmental Science & Sustainable Development 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/essd.v6i1.787.

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The morphology of a city undergoes transformation over time due to a variety of factors. One such factor is the master plan. The master plan is a powerful legal tool, the implementation of which has a lasting impact on the morphology of a town both built and unbuilt. The template for the master plans in India is the same be it a metropolitan city or a class III town. The resultant triggers and impact of this master plan are questionable more so in the case of smaller cities and towns. This paper investigates one such small city in the hinterland of Karnataka through a descriptive analysis of the compact historic city and the new developments; the impact of the master plan and the resulting changes. Through the analysis and arguments presented in the study for the reading of small towns and non metropolitan cities we support alternative readings of these towns and cities. Additionally through the analysis of compact city planning methodologies both historical and current we understand how the two aspects; that is small town urbanization and compact planning methodologies can be enmeshed to create new templates for master planning for small towns and cities. Our study is limited to the master planning exercise in the context of Karnataka and Gadag-Betageri in particular and needs to be further explored with respect to other urban development policies in order to be applicable to small towns and cities in general in India.
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Redaktion, TATuP. "Sustainable Cities and Towns." TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis 5, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14512/tatup.5.2.91.

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Marden, Mary. "Massachusetts' Cities and Towns." Journal of Education 52, no. 5 (July 1990): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002205749005200511.

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Lidin, Konstantin. "small and historic." проект байкал, no. 65 (January 5, 2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.51461/projectbaikal.65.1673.

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Анотація:
Small and historic towns reflect provinciality in every sense of the word. The collection of the materials presents today’s typical cases of small and provincial towns. In many towns, the search of local identity has just started, and its results are still rather questionable, because of the lack of an appropriate method. Should we search for a unique “face” of the town in its history and its sites with rich biography, like in blackearth Borisoglebsk? Or should we focus on the only unique object (Barabanovo on the Yenisei)? Or should we look back upon the town’s glorious past – its legendary fairs or unique production (Irbit in Ural)? These questions are also urgent for relatively big cities (but yet provincial).
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Дисертації з теми "Cities and towns"

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Shattuck, David Marks Corey. "Cities beyond." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3614.

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Glock, Birgit. "Stadtpolitik in schrumpfenden Städten : Duisburg und Leipzig im Vergleich /." Wiesbaden : VS, Verl. für Sozialwiss, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/513898409.pdf.

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Held, Jay Allen. "Foundations of a biblical theology of city." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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Shattuck, David. "Cities Beyond." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3614/.

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Chung, Kwok-wai Andrew. "Urban conservation vs. mega redevelopment : implications to Hong Kong urban designer /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25799538.

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Collins, Miriam A. "Pre-industrial towns--a spatial and functional analysis over time and space : a comparative study of nineteenth century South Australian and medieval Suffolk towns /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc7124.pdf.

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Phegley, Jeff S. "Terrestrial evolution." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1266141.

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Terrestrial Evolution focuses on the destruction of the natural environment by manmade obstructions such as housing developments, strip malls, roads, telephone lines, and utility poles. Each of the paintings address one or more of these aspects of development and communicates ideas of detachment from this seemingly endless process of building. Color, surface texture, composition, and visual imagery were all carefully thought out and planned parts of a complicated process for the communication of ideas on this particular subject matter.My hometown of Carmel, Indiana has been experiencing massive environmental change over the past ten years. Large housing editions and strip malls have been built to accommodate the influx of people moving to this northern suburb of Indianapolis. Land is being sold, bought, zoned, and covered with quickly built homes and strip malls. Once this suburban sprawl has begun, will it stop? How much of the environmental damage it has contributed is reversible?Terrestrial Evolution represents a very personal and visual response to the contemporary state of Carmel's woodlands, wetlands, and wildlife, which are being sacrificed for manmade development.
Department of Art
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Yip, Chiu-wah Regina. "The impact of new town development on urban trees in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21979170.

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Yuen, Wing-yee, and 袁詠儀. "The city in late imperial China and Tokugawa Japan." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B2989301X.

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Ge, Qin. "City branding a case study of Beijing /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41548450.

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Книги з теми "Cities and towns"

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Aldis, Rodney. Towns and cities. New York: Dillon Press, 1992.

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Warn, Sue. Towns and cities. Leeds: Arnold-Wheaton, 1986.

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Aldis, Rodney. Towns and cities. London: Cloverleaf, 1992.

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Spilsbury, Richard. Towns and cities. London: Raintree, 2012.

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Stefoff, Rebecca. Cities and towns. Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, 2008.

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6

Sammis, Fran. Cities and towns. New York: Benchmark Books, 1998.

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7

Edwards, Michael B. Painting towns & cities. NewtonAbbot: David & C., 1992.

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Spilsbury, Louise. Towns and cities. Oxford: Heinemann Library, 2005.

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Llewellyn, Claire. Towns and cities. Crystal Lake, IL: Rigby Interactive Library, 1997.

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Spilsbury, Richard. Towns and cities. Chicago: Heinemann Library, 2012.

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Частини книг з теми "Cities and towns"

1

Newson, Linda. "Towns and Cities." In The Cost of Conquest: Indian Decline in Honduras Under Spanish Rule, 167–73. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429309816-14.

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Rădvan, Laurențiu. "Towns and cities." In The Routledge Handbook of East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1300, 245–64. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429276217-15.

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Davies, Wayne K. D. "Green Towns and Cities." In Theme Cities: Solutions for Urban Problems, 113–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9655-2_4.

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Wilcox, Alison. "Cities, towns and villages." In Descriptosaurus, 33–35. Third edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge, [2017]: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315107110-8.

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Nel, Etienne. "Shrinking Towns and Cities." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional Futures, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51812-7_162-1.

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Wassenhoven, Louis C. "Towns and Capital Cities." In The Ancestry of Regional Spatial Planning, 53–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96995-4_3.

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Wilcox, Alison. "Cities, towns and villages." In Descriptosaurus, 53–58. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032707709-12.

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Nel, Etienne. "Shrinking Towns and Cities." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional Futures, 1492–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87745-3_162.

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Gates, Charles, and Andrew Goldman. "Aegean Bronze Age towns and cities." In Ancient Cities, 129–50. 3rd ed. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429278815-9.

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Novkunskaya, Anastasia. "Giving birth in dying towns." In Postsocialist Shrinking Cities, 195–212. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367815011-16.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Cities and towns"

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Deltoro, Julia, Carmen Blasco Sánchez, and Francisco Martínez Pérez. "Evolution of the Urban Form in the British New Towns." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6484.

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Анотація:
Even if the urban experience of the British New Towns, created after the New Towns Act of 1945 as a solution to the problems derived from the superpopulation of great cities such as London, is already far in time it can still offer us some lessons. Lessons which could help us when intervening in current process of development and transformation of the urban form. This article analyses these experiences from its morphology, studying their formal characteristics and the organization of the several uses of the city, as well as the diachronic evolution of their criteria of spatial composition. The First New Towns mainly followed the characteristics stated in the Reith Report [HMSO, 1946 a] and the consequent New Towns Act [HMSO, 1946 b], which defined the scale of the new cities, their uses and zoning, location, areas, distances, social structure or landscape among other. Their urban forms evolved with time and were the result of many strategic and design decisions taken which determined and transformed their spatial and physical profiles. According to the Town and Country Planning Association [TCPA, 2014] New Towns can be classified in three Marks as for their chronology and the laws that helped to create them. But if we focus in their urban form, we can find another classification by Ali Madani-Pour, [1993] who divides them into four design phases, which give answer to different social needs and mobility. The analysis of the essential characteristics and strategies of each of the phases of the New Towns, applied to the configuration of the urban form of some of the New Towns, the ones which gather better the approach in each of the phases, will allow us to make a propositional diagnose of their different forms of development, the advances and setbacks; a comparative analysis of different aspects such as mobility and zoning, local and territorial relations, structure or composition. The conclusions of the article pretend to recognize the contributions, which come from their urban form and have them as a reference for new urban interventions in the current context, with new challenges to be faced from the integral definition of the city. References DCLG. (2006). Transferable Lessons from the New Towns. (http://www.futurecommunities.net/files/images/Transferable_lessons_from_new_towns_0.pdf.) Accessed: 14 january 2015. Gaborit, P. (2010). European New Towns: Image, Identities, Future Perspectives. (PIE-Peter Lang SA., Brussels) HMSO. Great Britain. New Towns Committee. (1946 a). Final Report of the New Towns Committee. London HMSO. Great Britain. New Towns Act. (1946 b). London Madani-Pour, Ali. (1993). `Urban Design in the British New Towns´. Open House International, vol. 18. TCPA. (2014). New Towns and Garden Cities – Lessons for Tomorrow. Stage 1: An Introduction to the UK’s New Towns and Garden Cities. (Town and Country Planning Association, London) Accessed: 15 december 2016. (https://www.tcpa.org.uk/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=1bcdbbe3-f4c9-49b4-892e-2d85b5be6b87). TCPA. (2015). New Towns and Garden Cities – Lessons for Tomorrow. Stage 2: Lessons for De­livering a New Generation of Garden Cities. (Town and Country Planning Association, London) Accessed: 15 december 2016. (https://www.tcpa.org.uk/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=62a09e12-6a24-4de3-973f-f4062e561e0a)
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E.V., Malaya, and Vavulin K.E. "PRINCIPLES OF FORMATION OF PUBLIC SPACES OF SMALL TOWNS." In OF THE ANNIVERSARY Х INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE «INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION» («ITSE 2022» CONFERENCE). DSTU-Print, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itse.2022.112-117.

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Public spaces of cities have been carrying the city code, its artistic image, and behavioral principles for thousands of years. But the last decades of dramatic changes in large cities have demonstrated the urgent need to restructure attitudes towards those public spaces that have existed for hundreds of years. More and more often there are proposals for the return of nature to megacities. For the deforestation of forests and parks, the construction of multi-storey new residential areas and the creation of a comfortable life for citizens, they lost the person for whom the city was built. At the same time, in many countries of the world for a long time, the understanding of a comfortable life is determined by the presence of green areas, sports grounds, the presence of a lake and a forest
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Neis, Hajo, Briana Meier, and Tomo Furukawazono. "Arrival Cities: Refugees in Three German Cities." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6318.

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Since 2015, the authors have studied the refugee crisis in Europe and the Middle East. The intent of theproject is to not only study the refugee crisis in various spatial and architectural settings and aspectsbut also actively try to help refugees with their problems that they experience in the events fromstarting an escape and to settling in a given host country, city town or neighborhood.In this paper, the authors present three case studies in three different cities in Germany. Refugees areeverywhere in Germany, even in smaller towns and villages. The case study cities are at differentscales with Borken (15,000 people), Kassel, a mid-size city (200,000), and Essen a larger city(600,000) as part of the still larger Ruhr Area Megacity. In these cities we try to understand the life ofrefugees from their original escape country/city to their arrival in their new cities and new countries.Our work focuses on the social-spatial aspects of refugee experiences, and their impact on urbanmorphology and building typology.We also try to understand how refugees manage their new life in partial safety of place, shelter foodand financial support but also in uncertainty and insecurity until officially accepted as refugees.Beyond crisis we are looking at how refugees can and want to integrate into their host countries, citiesand neighborhoods and start a new life. Social activities and physical projects including urbanarchitecture projects for housing and work, that help the process of integration, are part of thispresentation.
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Bubyr, Natalia. "INTERNET RESOURCES OF UKRAINIAN CITIES AND TOWNS� GREEN SPACES." In 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/2.2/s11.109.

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5

Sungur, Zerrin. "Women Entrepreneurship in Slow Cities of Turkey from a Sociological Perspective." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00786.

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Cittàslow movement was established in Italy in 1999. The Slow City movement incorporates a philosophy and a commitment to maintain the cultural heritage and quality of life of their membership towns. A slow city aims to improve the quality of life of its citizens and its visitors. Member towns are obliged to pursue local projects protecting local cultures, contributing to a relaxed pace of life, creating conviviality and hospitality and promoting a unique sense of place and local distinctiveness. There are nine slow cities in Turkey in 2013. This study examines the women entrepreneurship in slow cities of Turkey from a sociological perspective. Slow cities offer many opportunities in the meaning of local development especially for women in Turkey. They can engage with small business, hand-crafts, and organic farming in slow cities. But training of women, certification of the quality of artisan products and awareness of the citizens of slow cities are the critical issues in the sustainable local development process. Therefore, it is possible to increase income level of women living in slow cities in Turkey and also to preserve local tastes.
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Hadjimichael, George. "The colorful fields could vitalize our towns: from two-fields model to fourteen-fields model." In Virtual cities and territories. Coimbra: Department of Civil Engineering of the University of Coimbra and e-GEO, Research Center in Geography and Regional Planning of the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Nova University of Lisbon, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7787.

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7

Rokita-Poskart, Diana. "What universities towns and cities gain from students’ retention? Evidence from Opole." In XXIV. mezinárodního kolokvia o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-3.

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The purpose of the study is to investigate the long run consequences of graduate’s retention by university towns and cities. It investigates hypothesis that the inflow of students to the university towns and cities among who dominate women, and their prosper to remain after graduation, cause surpluses of young women. The analysis presented in the article was conducted for Opole which is one of university towns in Opolskie Voivideship (region) in Poland. In the article, there were combined data applied – the results of the research was conducted in Opole among students and a range on statistic database from Opolskie Voivideship. The research has been conducted in 2016/2017 among more than 700 students of last academic years from all universities located in Opole. The data origins from Poland Statistics aggregated to the poviats of Opolskie region which are equivalent LAU-1. The most important findings proved that inflow of students to the towns and cities may create a huge demographic impact on the urban areas as some graduates remain in the university towns and cities after graduation. The most important is the fact that there are mostly younger women in working age population which affects the demographic potential of the urban area.
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Siyi, Wang. "Interpretaion of the latest development pattern of transformation from "town" into "small city" in China: a case study based on 27 pilot towns in Zhejiang Province." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Maestría en Planeación Urbana y Regional. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5989.

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In the process of urbanization in China, the biggest challenge is how to transform the ‘town’ into the ‘city’. It is also a vital link in urbanization. The Chinese government put forward the strategy which aims on speeding up the urbanization development in November 2013. Meanwhile, China has selected some pilot towns, which are intended to become cities in the end, for tentative transformation. Zhejiang Province, which ranks top among the country in economic strength, amount of village and development level and quantity, has become an important national pilot carrier. So far there are 27 pilot towns. By analyzing the development situation of 27 pilot towns, this paper analyzes this particular phenomenon of urbanization and summarize its characteristics.
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Beltrán Carlos, Lidia, and Josep Roca Cladera. "“New Towns” para las vacaciones: repercusiones sociales de las nuevas estrategias de cambio en los destinos turísticos." In Virtual cities and territories. Coimbra: Department of Civil Engineering of the University of Coimbra and e-GEO, Research Center in Geography and Regional Planning of the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Nova University of Lisbon, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7710.

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El estudio proviene de una tesis de Máster del programa de Gestión y Valoración Urbana y Arquitectónica, de la Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña. Comienza haciendo un recorrido histórico por diversas “New towns” para las vacaciones, analizando sus raíces, evolución y situación actual. A continuación, profundiza en las repercusiones sociales de este tipo de destinos turísticos que están emergiendo a escala internacional, escogiendo para ello un caso de estudio concreto: Marina d’Or, en Oropesa del Mar, Castellón.
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Kramarova, Zuzana. "SURVEY OF DISPERSION AREAS IN SMALL TOWNS." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/6.1/s27.51.

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Dispersion areas are one of the essential elements determining the convenient coming and departure of buildings with a large number of users. However, in the legislation and normative base of the Czech Republic, they are a neglected element without clearly defined parameters. Although the legislation defines the term "dispersion area", it does not further specify it. Here again, the different environment of large and small cities in the Czech Republic is reflected. Individual large towns or cities, for example, Prague, Brno, Pilsen, and others, have developed methodologies for designing public spaces for their administrative territories. Dispersion areas can be included in these methodologies. Small towns do not have such regulations and are therefore dependent only on valid legislation, which is insufficient in this area. The university research project 02SVV22 entitled "Categorization and dimensional requirements of dispersion areas in the context of the type of buildings" was concerned with ascertaining the state of dispersion areas in front of selected types of buildings in nine small towns in the Czech Republic. The contribution reports on the course of local surveys and their results.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Cities and towns"

1

Brown, C., E. Jackson, D. Harford, D. Bristow, D. Sandink, H. Dorries, M. Groulx, Z. Moghul, S. Guilbault, and A. Bell. Cities and towns. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328392.

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2

Tarko, Andrew P., Thomas Hall, Cristhian Lizarazo, and Fernando España-Monedero. Speed Management in Small Cities and Towns—Guidelines for Indiana. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317122.

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Many small cities and towns in rural states such as Indiana are crossed by arterial highways. The local traffic on these roads, particularly vulnerable road users, face the excessive risk of injury and death. This danger is amplified with local land development, driveways, and on-street parking in town centers. This report presents an Indiana study of the speeding problem on arterial roads passing through small communities. Past research on various countermeasures suitable for the studied conditions were identified and the connection between speed reduction and safety improvements was investigated in a sample of Indiana small towns. Promising speed-reduction measures include speed feedback signs and converging chevrons with speed limit legends marked on the pavement. Point-to-point enforcement is a modern and highly effective alternative that may be applicable on highways passing small towns if the through traffic prevails with limited interruptions. This report provides a method of evaluating the benefits of speed reduction in the studied conditions where the risk of severe injury and fatality is excessive to road users while the frequency of crashes is low. The method includes the proactive estimation of the economic benefit. The results indicate that both the local and through traffic on highways passing a small town benefit considerably from speed reduction even after accounting for the loss of time. An Excel spreadsheet developed in the study facilitates the calculations.
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3

Paredes, Juan Roberto, María Clara Ramos, Marina Robles, and Emma Näslund-Hadley. School Green Areas. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006244.

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The World Health Organization says that all cities and towns should have a minimum of 9 square meters (m2) of green space per person. In Latin America there are 3.5 m2 per capita. What is it like in your town?
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4

Wauchope, Barbara, and Sally Ward. Mapping food insecurity and food sources in New Hampshire cities and towns. University of New Hampshire Libraries, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.34051/p/2020.163.

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5

Bai, Jie, Stéphane Milhaud, and Lou D’Angelo. Human Settlements in Mongolia: Strengthening Strategic Cities and Towns for Sustainable Territorial Development. Asian Development Bank, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps230588-2.

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This paper proposes an urban framework for Mongolia to promote balanced and sustainable territorial development. The framework addresses the dysfunctions in the urban hierarchy and settlement system of aimag and soum centers that emerged during the transition period following the collapse of the Soviet Union, and identifies what types of investment should be favored in these areas.
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6

Donati, Kelly, and Nick Rose. Growing Edible Cities and Towns: A Survey of the Victorian Urban Agriculture Sector. Sustain: The Australian Food Network, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57128/miud6079.

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This report presents findings from a survey of urban agriculture practitioners in greater Melbourne (including green wedge areas), Bendigo, Ballarat and Geelong. The findings provide baseline data regarding the composition, activities, market channels, challenges, needs and aspirations of the urban agriculture sector, as well as opportunities for its support and growth. The report also proposes a roadmap for addressing critical challenges that face the sector and for building on the strength of its social and environmental commitments, informed by the survey findings and relevant academic literature on urban agriculture. This report’s findings and recommendations are of relevance to policymakers at all levels of government, especially as food security, climate change, human and ecological health and urban sustainability emerge as key interconnected priorities in this challenging decade.
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Kwon, Heeseo Rain, Heeyoun You, and Sang Keon Lee. Korea's Pursuit for Sustainable Cities through New Town Development: Implications for LAC: Knowledge Sharing Forum on Development Experiences: Comparative Experiences of Korea and Latin America and th. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006999.

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Under rapid urbanization that took place from around 1960 to 1990, the Republic of Korea has been facing various urban problems such as the expansion of urban slum, traffic congestion and environmental pollution. Among the various responses to these challenges, New Town development can be regarded as one of the most successful and effective strategies, which hasover 50 years of development history in five phases. Korea's New Towns were developed with three main purposes according to the periodic needs: industry support, housing supply, and nationwide balanced development. Phase I New Towns (1962-81) responded to the country's need for industry promotion. Phase II (1967-86), Phase III (1989-95) and Phase IV (2001-present) New Towns were built in response to the severe lack of housing emerged due to over-concentration in the capital and later its metropolitan area, by providing large-scale housing inside Seoul, in the outer ring of Seoul, and in the Capital Area respectively over time. Finally, the most recent Phase V New Towns (2005-present) provided response to the issue of equitable and balanced development across the country. These development yielded outcomes such as housing market stabilization, improvement of housing condition, securement of public and green spaces, economic effect on related industries, and expansion of urban infrastructure. The paper suggests three success factors of Korea's New Town development. First is feasible planning and concrete implementation strategies that enabled the implementing organizations to overcome conflicts and carry on with the project until completion. The second factor is institutional driving force and legal support which involved establishing a dedicated bureau, defining clear organizational structure and stakeholder roles, and providing timely Acts to support the land acquisition and construction. The third success factor is reasonable land acquisition methodologies which evolved over time from Land Readjustment to Publically Management Development. This paper also presents Sustainable New own Design Criteria as an important implication for the LAC to consider, which includes social, economic and environmental sustainability that pursue outcomes such as social inclusion, self-sufficiency, connectivity, green space and smart resource management. Exchanging these experience of Korea and promoting mutual cooperation would be highly valuable for the cities in LAC to minimize the trial and error and maximize the success factors experienced by Korea as an attempt to relieve the challenges of rapid urbanization they are faced with at present. In this regard, it is anticipated that Korea can actively share its accumulated New Town experience and knowledge and act as one of the promising development partners of the countries in LAC.
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Crucini, Mario, and Gregor Smith. Geographic Barriers to Commodity Price Integration: Evidence from US Cities and Swedish Towns, 1732-1860. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20247.

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9

Vuithier, Alix. Strengthening Cross-Border Cooperation in the Nordic Region: Analysis of Three Case Studies on the Swedish Border. Nordregio, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2024:15.1403-2503.

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Cross-border municipalities in Sweden and its Nordic neighbours are already well integrated. They have strong links and cooperate closely, in particular through cross-border committees involving local and regional authorities or through direct cooperation at the municipal level. However, issues hindering greater integration of cross-border municipalities and regions remain. This study focuses on three cases in the Swedish-Finnish, Swedish-Norwegian and Swedish-Danish border regions that face different topographical challenges. Through interviews with local and regional stakeholders, the main challenges with regard to furthering cross-border integration were identified. In this report, our research focuses on the following key questions: -What national support for urban-urban development across borders is needed by border towns and cities? -What coordination efforts (horizontal and vertical) are needed to achieve sustainable and green urban development in Nordic cross-border towns and cities? -What policy recommendations can be made based on the existing needs in border municipalities?
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Eckert, Elizabeth, Eleanor Turner, and Jo Anne Yeager Sallah. Youth Rural-Urban Migration in Bungoma, Kenya: Implications for the Agricultural Workforce. RTI Press, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2019.op.0062.1908.

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This study provides insights into a specific, hard-to-reach youth subpopulation—those born in agricultural areas in Western Kenya who migrate to large towns and cities—that is often missed by research and development activities. Using a mixed-methods approach, we find high variability in movement of youth between rural villages, towns, and large urban areas. Top reasons for youth migration align with existing literature, including pursuit of job opportunities and education. For youth from villages where crop farming is the primary economic activity for young adults, 77 percent responded that they are very interested in that work, in contrast to the common notion that youth are disinterested in agriculture. We also find many youth interested in settling permanently in their villages in the future. This research confirms that youth migration is dynamic, requiring that policymakers and development practitioners employ methods of engaging youth that recognize the diversity of profiles and mobility of this set of individuals.
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