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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Circulating water temperature"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Circulating water temperature"

Song, Xun Cheng, Xiao Long Xu, Sha Sha Hu, and Zhi Chuan Guan. "Full Transient Features of Heat Transfer and Sensitivities on Deep Water Wells." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 1423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.1423.

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Wellbore temperature is significant to well program and safety drilling for deep water drilling operations. On the basis of transient heat transfer mechanisms involved in deep water drilling among wellbore and formation and sea water, wellbore temperature profile, especially near sea bed and sensitivities to drilling fluid circulating duration, inlet temperature, water depth, water temperature, riser insulation and drilling fluid specific heat capacity have been analyzed via this model. Analysis show that deep-water wellbore temperature is much lower than a land well, the temperatures above sea bed normally ranges 10-30°C, and decreases with increased circulating duration; temperature at both outlet and bottom hole decreases drastically with increased water depth, and heat generation must be considered into estimating wellbore temperature profile especially one at bottom hole.

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Jeong, Yong-Dae, and Yujin Nam. "Performance test of PVT-water system considering ambient air and circulating water temperature." KIEAE Journal 15, no. 5 (October 31, 2015): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12813/kieae.2015.15.5.083.

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Lv, Ziqiang, Jiuju Cai, Wenqiang Sun, and Lianyong Wang. "Analysis and Optimization of Open Circulating Cooling Water System." Water 10, no. 11 (November 7, 2018): 1592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111592.

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Open circulating cooling water system is widely used in process industry. For a system with a fixed structure, the water consumption and blowdown usually change with the varying parameters such as quality and temperature. With the purpose of water saving, it is very important to optimize the operation strategy of water systems. Considering the factors including evaporation, leakage, blowdown and heat transfer, the mass and energy conservation equations of water system are established. On this basis, the quality and temperature models of makeup and blowdown water are, respectively, developed. The water consumption and discharge profiles and the optimal operating strategy of the open recirculating cooling water system under different conditions are obtained. The concept of cycles of temperature is proposed to evaluate the temperature relationship of various parts of the open circulating cooling water system. A mathematical relationship is established to analyze the influence of the water temperature on the makeup water rate of the system under the condition of insufficient cooling capacity of the cooling tower. In addition, the co-influences of quality and temperature parameters on the system are analyzed.

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Taguchi, Akiko, Jebadurai Ratnaraj, Barbara Kabon, Neeru Sharma, Rainer Lenhardt, Daniel I. Sessler, and Andrea Kurz. "Effects of a Circulating-water Garment and Forced-air Warming on Body Heat Content and Core Temperature." Anesthesiology 100, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 1058–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200405000-00005.

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Background Forced-air warming is sometimes unable to maintain perioperative normothermia. Therefore, the authors compared heat transfer, regional heat distribution, and core rewarming of forced-air warming with a novel circulating-water garment. Methods Nine volunteers were each evaluated on two randomly ordered study days. They were anesthetized and cooled to a core temperature near 34 degrees C. The volunteers were subsequently warmed for 2.5 h with either a circulating-water garment or a forced-air cover. Overall, heat balance was determined from the difference between cutaneous heat loss (thermal flux transducers) and metabolic heat production (oxygen consumption). Average arm and leg (peripheral) tissue temperatures were determined from 18 intramuscular needle thermocouples, 15 skin thermal flux transducers, and "deep" hand and foot thermometers. Results Heat production (approximately 60 kcal/h) and loss (approximately 45 kcal/h) were similar with each treatment before warming. The increases in heat transfer across anterior portions of the skin surface were similar with each warming system (approximately 65 kcal/h). Forced-air warming had no effect on posterior heat transfer, whereas circulating-water transferred 21+/-9 kcal/h through the posterior skin surface after a half hour of warming. Over 2.5 h, circulating water thus increased body heat content 56% more than forced air. Core temperatures thus increased faster than with circulating water than forced air, especially during the first hour, with the result that core temperature was 1.1 degrees +/- 0.7 degrees C greater after 2.5 h (P < 0.001). Peripheral tissue heat content increased twice as much as core heat content with each device, but the core-to-peripheral tissue temperature gradient remained positive throughout the study. Conclusions The circulating-water system transferred more heat than forced air, with the difference resulting largely from posterior heating. Circulating water rewarmed patients 0.4 degrees C/h faster than forced air. A substantial peripheral-to-core tissue temperature gradient with each device indicated that peripheral tissues insulated the core, thus slowing heat transfer.

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Nicolis, Imani N., Corinna N. Beale, Willie A. Bidot, Michael Esmail, and Scott E. Perkins. "Performance and Consistency of Circulating Warm Water Blankets for Rodents." Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.30802/aalas-jaalas-21-000073.

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General anesthesia as used for rodent research can have adverse effects on physiologic mechanisms. Thermoregulation is often greatly inhibited, with resultant deleterious effects on cardiac and respiratory function. These potential effects can be mitigated by providing external heat support. The circulating warm water blanket and associated heat pump are often used in rodent procedures. The current study demonstrated that the heating pump and water blanket require quality control assessment to ensure adequate function. Our data showed that of the 6 pumps tested, 5 were able to achieve a temperature that met or exceeded the documented thermoneutral zone for mice. Pumps required 20 min of warming to reach their maximal attainable temperatures for the designated user setting. Although the pumps reached a temperature that was sufficient to provide external thermal support, only 1 of the 6 pumps reached the temperature that was set by the user during the trial. Surface temperatures across the water blanket were recorded to analyze whether a difference in heat support was influenced by animal placement along the water blanket; however, the location points did not yield statistically different results. Two pumps were eliminated from the study due to failure to pass the preparation phase of the trial. The results of this study support the need for facilities to establish quality control measures to ensure that heat support systems are functioning at a level required to maintain normothermia during anesthetic procedures.

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Lv, Jing, and Jie Yang. "Designing and Researching of Gas Cooler in Trans-Critical Carbon Dioxide Water Heater." Advanced Materials Research 171-172 (December 2010): 368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.171-172.368.

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In this paper a gas cooler for trans-critical carbon dioxide water heater was designed and calculated according to the theory basis for the optimal design. The characteristic parameters of gas cooler in heat pump hot water system were compared and analyzed, applying the data from trans-critical carbon dioxide water heater test bed, under one-time heating condition, by different flow of chilled water and hot water, different inlet temperatures of chilled water and hot water. To sum up, coefficient of performance can be increased by increasing the chilled water inlet temperature or hot water circulating flow, while it can be decreased by increasing the inlet temperature of hot water circulating system，the parameters (flow of water, inlet temperature, the refrigerant mass flow, gas cooler pressure and inlet temperature of refrigerant) need to be adjusted to different requirements, for ensuring the high efficiency of system.

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Sanford, MM. "Rewarming cardiac surgical patients: warm water vs warm air." American Journal of Critical Care 6, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc1997.6.1.39.

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BACKGROUND: Hypothermia is experienced by 60% to 90% of adult patients after surgery. The detrimental physiological consequences of prolonged hypothermia are a significant risk for cardiac surgical patients. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of a warmed convective-air blanket with that of a warmed circulating-water blanket on the rates of increase in skin and core temperatures and on total rewarming time in patients with hypothermia after cardiac surgery. METHODS: A quasi-experimental, repeated-measures design was used to study rewarming in 76 adult patients who were hypothermic after cardiac surgery. Subjects were randomized to two groups: 40 were warmed with a convective-air blanket; 36, with a circulating-water blanket. Skin and core temperatures were recorded every 15 minutes until the subject's pulmonary artery temperature reached 37 degrees C. Total time required for rewarming was the period between time of placement of the blanket and time of removal. The effects of 13 other variables on the time required for rewarming were also determined. RESULTS: Both skin and core temperatures increased more rapidly in patients treated with the warm circulating-water blanket than in those treated with the convective-air blanket. The mean time required for rewarming was 45 minutes shorter in the group treated with the circulating-water blanket. The patient's age, volume of i.v. fluids received, length of anesthesia, starting core temperature, and treatment method had significant effects on the time required for rewarming. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that rewarming with a circulating-water blanket produces normothermia more rapidly than rewarming with a warm convective-air blanket in adult patients who are hypothermic after cardiac surgery.

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Li, Zhi Wei, Hong Zhou He, and Huang Huang Zhuang. "Experimental Study on Compact External Heat Exchanger for a 4 MW_th Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 3259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.3259.

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The characteristics of the external heat exchanger (EHE) for a 4 MWth circulation fluidized bed combustor were studied in the present paper. The length, width and height of EHE were 1.5 m, 0.8 m and 9 m, respectively. The circulating ash flow passing the heating surface bed could be controlled by adjusting the fluidizing air flow and the heating transferred from the circulating ash to the cooling water. The ash flow rate passing through the heat transfer bed was from 0.4 to 2.2 kg/s. The ash average temperature was from 500 to 750 °C. And the heat transfer rate between the ash and the cooling water was between 150 and 300 W/(m2·°C). The relationships among the circulating ash temperature, the heat transfer, heat transfer rate, the heat transfer coefficient and the circulating ash flow passing through the heating exchange cell were also presented and could be used for further commercial EHE design.

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Ma, Jiaze, Chen Li, Fuyu Liu, Yufei Wang, Tiecheng Liu, and Xiao Feng. "Optimization of circulating cooling water networks considering the constraint of return water temperature." Journal of Cleaner Production 199 (October 2018): 916–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.239.

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Vidal, Jeanne, Régis Hehn, Carole Glaas, and Albert Genter. "How Can Temperature Logs Help Identify Permeable Fractures and Define a Conceptual Model of Fluid Circulation? An Example from Deep Geothermal Wells in the Upper Rhine Graben." Geofluids 2019 (July 10, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3978364.

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Identifying fluid circulation in fracture zones (FZs) is a key challenge in the extraction of deep geothermal heat from natural reservoirs in the Upper Rhine Graben. This study focuses on permeable FZs present within the granitic basement penetrated by deep geothermal well GPK-1 at Soultz and GRT-1 and GRT-2 at Rittershoffen (France). The various temperature (T) log datasets acquired from these wells during production and at equilibrium, with the associated flow logs, allow for the unique opportunity to interpret fluid circulation at the borehole scale. All permeable FZs identified by permeability indicators measured during drilling operations and from image logs spatially coincide with positive or negative T anomalies observed in the T logs during production and/or at equilibrium. However, within the FZs, partially open fractures act as narrower paths for circulation at different temperatures. These temperatures can even be estimated with confidence if the associated flow log is available. The polarity of the T anomalies correlates with the state of equilibrium of the well and thus can change over the well history. During production, the temperature of the water inflow through the fractures can be estimated relative to the mixture of water circulating below the fractures. At thermal equilibrium, the water temperature is estimated with respect to the temperature of the surrounding rock formation. Because temperature fluxes and geothermal fluids are intimately linked, T logs are a useful, reliable, and very sensitive tool to localize the inflow of geothermal water through FZs.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Circulating water temperature"

Joseph, Jyothis. "Improving Photovoltaic Panel Efficiency by Cooling Water Circulation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404617/.

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This thesis aims to increase photovoltaic (PV) panel power efficiency by employing a cooling system based on water circulation, which represents an improved version of water flow based active cooling systems. Theoretical calculations involved finding the heat produced by the PV panel and the circulation water flow required to remove this heat. A data logger and a cooling system for a test panel of 20W was designed and employed to study the relationship between the PV panel surface temperature and its output power. This logging and cooling system includes an Arduino microcontroller extended with a data logging shield, temperature sensing probes, current sensors, and a DC water pump. Real-time measurements were logged every minute for one or two day periods under various irradiance and air temperature conditions. For these experiments, a load resistance was chosen to operate the test panel at its maximum power point. Results indicate that the cooling system can yield an improvement of 10% in power production. Based on the observations from the test panel experiments, a cooling system was devised for a PV panel array of 640 W equipped with a commercial charge controller. The test data logger was repurposed for this larger system. An identical PV array was left uncooled and monitored simultaneously to compare the effect of cooling, demonstrating that the cooled array provided up to an extra 132W or 20% of maximum power for sunny weather conditions. Future expansion possibilities of the project include automated water level monitoring system and water filtration systems.

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Бейнер, Петр Сергеевич. "Информационно-измерительная система мониторинга температурного режима гидротехнических сооружений АЭС". Thesis, Национальный аэрокосмический университет им. Н. Е. Жуковского "Харьковский авиационный институт", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/24781.

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Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата технических наук по специальности 05.13.05 – Компьютерные системы и компоненты. – Национальный технический университет "Харьковский политехнический институт", Харьков 2016. Диссертация посвящена разработке информационно-измерительной системы (ИИС) мониторинга гидротермических параметров АЭС для решения научно-практической задачи оптимизации функционирования энергосистемы путем компьютерной обработки данных о состоянии ГТС с учетом метеорологических факторов и объективного прогноза температурного режима циркуляционной воды. Разработана ИИС гидрометеорологических параметров АЭС с усовершенствованной системой измерения, передачи, сбора, архивирования и анализа параметров, влияющих на температурный режим циркуляционной воды в ГТС АЭС. Предложенная структура для распределенной ИИС, которая разработана в соответствии с техническим регламентом безопасной эксплуатации энергоблоков АЭС, позволяет проводить качественный мониторинг гидротермических процессов в системе оборотного водоснабжения АЭС, что допускает использование полученной информации для принятия обоснованных, взвешенных решений при корректировках суточного диспетчерского графика нагрузок АЭС во время сезонных ограничений. Разработаны принципы формирования единой базы данных метеорологической и гидротермической информации в ГТС, которая позволяет не только выполнять системную обработку данных, но и использовать информацию для достоверного прогнозирования гидротермического режима циркуляционной воды, участвующей в системе оборотного водоснабжения АЭС. Впервые предложена методика создания энергоэффективной структуры беспроводной сенсорной сети (БСС), позволяющей дистанционно измерять физические величины, распределенные на больших расстояниях. Использование предложенной БСС обусловлено следующими преимуществами для водных объектов АЭС, участвующих в системе охлаждения воды: отсутствием необходимости в прокладке кабелей для электропитания и передачи данных; низкой стоимость монтажа, пуска-наладки и технического обслуживания системы; минимальными ограничениями по размещению беспроводных устройств; возможностью внедрения и модификации сети на эксплуатируемом объекте без вмешательства в процесс функционирования; надежность и отказоустойчивость всей системы в целом при нарушении отдельных соединений между узлами. Получил развитие метод передачи гидрометеорологических параметров в ИИС на АЭС путем использования вероятностного шифрования информации в каналах связи, что позволило повысить степень защиты измерительной информации от несанкционированного доступа, а также увеличить помехоустойчивость. Применение вероятностной формы представления информации, позволяет воспользоваться следующими преимуществами: малый аппаратный объем; возможность функционирования в масштабе реального времени; повышенная помехозащищенность; существенно увеличена сложность проведения атак на основе статистических закономерностей функций шифрования; возможность внести дополнительный параметр безопасности, управляя законом распределения случайных чисел, для формирования вероятностного отображения, позволяет увеличить время жизни ключа. Разработаны программно-аппаратные средства для ИИС гидротермических параметров ГТС АЭС в режиме реального времени на основе Web-технологий. Программный комплекс позволяет сократить сроки получения, обработки и анализа гидрометеорологических данных, повысить достоверность и качество получаемых результатов, а также обеспечить сохранность информации. Разработанная программа прошла регистрацию в Государственном департаменте интеллектуальной собственности Украины.
Thesis for scientific degree candidate of technical sciences in the specialty 05.13.05 – computer systems and components. – National Technical University "Kharkov Polytechnic Institute", Kharkov 2016. Dissertation is devoted to solving scientific and applied problems that concern the optimization of the NPP power system functioning. It is achieved by increasing monitoring accuracy of hydrothermal parameters at the hydrotechnical facilities taking into account hydrometeorological factors and the objective prediction of the circulating water temperature by means of the developed information-measurement system. The information-measurement system of the NPP hydrometeorological parameters was developed, with enhanced system of measurement, transfer, collection, backup, and analysis of parameters affecting the circulating water temperature at the NPP hydrotechnical facilities. Techniques to create energy-efficient structure of the wireless sensor networks were suggested, providing the remote measurement of the physical values extended over a large area of the NPP. The method of transferring hydrometeorological parameters within the information-measurement system was furthered, the probabilistic data encryption being used in the communication channels. It resulted in raising the security level of the measurement data against the unauthorized access and increasing the interference immunity.

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Stickley, Catherine Emma. "The palaeoceanographical significance of diatoms in Late Quaternary sediments from the south-west Pacific." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314373.

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Бейнер, Петро Сергійович. "Інформаційно-вимірювальна система моніторингу температурного режиму гідротехнічних споруд АЕС". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/24773.

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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.13.05 – Комп'ютерні системи та компоненти. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків 2016. Дисертаційна робота присвячена розробці інформаційно-вимірювальної системи (ІВС) моніторингу гідротермічних параметрів АЕС для вирішення науково-практичної задачі оптимізації функціонування енергосистеми шляхом комп’ютерної обробки даних про стан гідротехнічних споруд (ГТС) з урахуванням метеорологічних факторів і об'єктивного прогнозу температурного режиму циркуляційної води. Розроблено ІВС гідрометеорологічних параметрів АЕС з удосконаленою системою вимірювання, передачі, збору, архівування і аналізу параметрів, що впливають на температурний режим циркуляційної води в ГТС АЕС. Запропоновано методику створення енергоефективної структури бездротової сенсорної мережі, що дозволяє дистанційно вимірювати фізичних величин, розподілені на великих відстанях на АЕС. Отримав розвиток метод передачі гідрометеорологічних параметрів в ІВС на АЕС шляхом використання імовірнісного шифрування інформації в каналах зв'язку, що дозволило підвищити ступінь захисту вимірювальної інформації від несанкціонованого доступу, а також збільшити завадостійкість.
Thesis for scientific degree candidate of technical sciences in the specialty 05.13.05 – computer systems and components. – National Technical University "Kharkov Polytechnic Institute", Kharkov 2016. Dissertation is devoted to solving scientific and applied problems that concern the optimization of the NPP power system functioning. It is achieved by increasing monitoring accuracy of hydrothermal parameters at the hydrotechnical facilities taking into account hydrometeorological factors and the objective prediction of the circulating water temperature by means of the developed information-measurement system. The information-measurement system of the NPP hydrometeorological parameters was developed, with enhanced system of measurement, transfer, collection, backup, and analysis of parameters affecting the circulating water temperature at the NPP hydrotechnical facilities. Techniques to create energy-efficient structure of the wireless sensor networks were suggested, providing the remote measurement of the physical values extended over a large area of the NPP. The method of transferring hydrometeorological parameters within the information-measurement system was furthered, the probabilistic data encryption being used in the communication channels. It resulted in raising the security level of the measurement data against the unauthorized access and increasing the interference immunity.

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Sklut, Micah. "Investigating SST influence on the North Atlantic Oscillation using the NCAR community atmospheric model." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 5.62Mb, 121 p, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1428196.

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Chen, Chia-Jeng. "Hydro-climatic forecasting using sea surface temperatures." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/48974.

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A key determinant of atmospheric circulation patterns and regional climatic conditions is sea surface temperature (SST). This has been the motivation for the development of various teleconnection methods aiming to forecast hydro-climatic variables. Among such methods are linear projections based on teleconnection gross indices (such as the ENSO, IOD, and NAO) or leading empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). However, these methods deteriorate drastically if the predefined indices or EOFs cannot account for climatic variability in the region of interest. This study introduces a new hydro-climatic forecasting method that identifies SST predictors in the form of dipole structures. An SST dipole that mimics major teleconnection patterns is defined as a function of average SST anomalies over two oceanic areas of appropriate sizes and geographic locations. The screening process of SST-dipole predictors is based on an optimization algorithm that sifts through all possible dipole configurations (with progressively refined data resolutions) and identifies dipoles with the strongest teleconnection to the external hydro-climatic series. The strength of the teleconnection is measured by the Gerrity Skill Score. The significant dipoles are cross-validated and used to generate ensemble hydro-climatic forecasts. The dipole teleconnection method is applied to the forecasting of seasonal precipitation over the southeastern US and East Africa, and the forecasting of streamflow-related variables in the Yangtze and Congo Rivers. These studies show that the new method is indeed able to identify dipoles related to well-known patterns (e.g., ENSO and IOD) as well as to quantify more prominent predictor-predictand relationships at different lead times. Furthermore, the dipole method compares favorably with existing statistical forecasting schemes. An operational forecasting framework to support better water resources management through coupling with detailed hydrologic and water resources models is also demonstrated.

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Lewis, Kayla Christine. "Numerical Modeling of Two-Phase Flow in the Sodium Chloride-Water System with Applications to Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19810.

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In order to explain the observed time-dependent salinity variations in seafloor hydrothermal vent fluids, quasi-numerical and fully numerical fluid flow models of the NaCl-H2O system are constructed. For the quasi-numerical model, a simplified treatment of phase separation of seawater near an igneous dike is employed to obtain rough estimates of the thickness and duration of the two-phase zone, the amount of brine formed, and its distribution in the subsurface. For the fully numerical model, the equations governing fluid flow, the thermodynamic relations between various quantities employed, and the coupling of these elements together in a time marching scheme is discussed. The fully numerical model is benchmarked against previously published heat pipe and Elder problem simulation results, and is shown to be largely in agreement with those results. A number of simulation results are presented in the context of two-phase flow and phase separation within the framework of the single pass model. It is found that a quasi-stable two-phase (liquid + vapor) zone at depth below the hydrothermal discharge outlet gives rise to vent fluid with lower than normal seawater salinity. Additionally, it is shown that increasing the spatial extent of the two-phase zone can lower vent fluid salinity. The numerical approach used in this thesis is able to generate salinity patterns predicted by a widely held conceptual model of vent fluid salinity variation, and may be able to explain the vent fluid salinities and temperatures found at the Main Endeavour Vent Field on the Juan de Fuca Ridge, as this approach is able to produce simulated vent fluid salinities that match observed values from the Endeavour Field vents Dante and Hulk.

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Max, Lars [Verfasser], Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Tiedemann, and Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Nürnberg. "Millennial-scale changes in sea surface temperatures and intermediate water circulation in the northwest Pacific during the past 20,000 years / Lars Max. Gutachter: Ralf Tiedemann ; Dirk Nürnberg. Betreuer: Ralf Tiedemann." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1072045915/34.

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Helánová, Blanka. "Energetická náročnost přípravy teplé vody." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226006.

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Master’s thesis on Energy performance of domestic hot water preparation is concerned with calculating and comparing the energy performance of domestic hot water preparation in two-generation family house with an administrative part. Energy performance of domestic hot water preparation is calculated by two calculation methods and by experimental measurements, which are compared at the end of the thesis. The calculation is performed according to standard ČSN 06 0320 and set of standards ČSN EN 15316-3. Thesis is processed in accordance with valid legislative regulations.

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Fisco, Stefano. "Modelling of decentral DHW preparation in large multi-family buildings." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18295/.

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The works contributes to the need to design more efficient heating and domestic hot water preparation systems. Dynamic building and simulation plays an important role in the development of domestic hot water (DHW) preparation systems for residential buildings, in order to evaluate and optimize the final energy and the DHW comfort. The case study of this work is a big multi-family building composed of 96 flats. District heating (DH) is used to heat up the water in the storage tank located in the technical room. A distribution system connects the storage to all the fresh water stations (FWS) located in each flat. The chosen approach is to simulate the building-level DHW preparation with a single heat exchanger (HX) which approximates the behaviour of all the HXs of the building. For this purpose, the simultaneity factor (fs) should be considered. First, a representative model of the FWS for each flat is implemented in Matlab/Simulink and tested with two different control strategies of the circulation pump and two different DHW profiles, derived either from standard EN16147 or created as a stochastic profile. From the flat-level model, a building-level model is derived. Four different building-level DHW profiles are used to evaluate the simultaneity factor, and so the peak load of the building, in order to size the HX for the whole building. The DHW profiles (and so the simultaneity factor) and the parametrization of the HX influence the results. Final energy and DHW comfort (i.e. the DHW temperature and the “waiting time” to reach this temperature) are compared in each case. The return temperature of the fluid sent back to the storage is also analysed. The development of the return temperature to the storage is influenced by the DHW profiles and the thermal capacity of the pipe.

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Книги з теми "Circulating water temperature"

Gottlieb, Erik S. Currents and water temperatures observed in Green Bay, Lake Michigan. Ann Arbor, Mich: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1990.

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Gottlieb, Erik S. Currents and temperatures observed in Lake Michigan from June 1982 to July 1983. Ann Arbor, Mich: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1989.

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Gottlieb, Erik S. Currents, temperatures, and divergences observed in eastern central Lake Michigan during May-October 1984. Ann Arbor, Mich: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1989.

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Sullivan, Annett B. Modeling hydrodynamics, temperature, and water quality in Henry Hagg Lake, Oregon, 2000-03. Portland, Or: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005.

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Sullivan, Annett B. Modeling hydrodynamics, temperature, and water quality in Henry Hagg Lake, Oregon, 2000-03. Portland, Or: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005.

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Chelton, Dudley Boyd. Central California Coastal Circulation Study: CTD observations, cruise 8401, February 1984. Corvallis, Or: College of Oceanography, Oregon State University, 1987.

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Chelton, Dudley Boyd. Central California Coastal Circulation Study: CTD observations, cruise 8501, January 1985. Corvallis, Or: College of Oceanography, Oregon State University, 1987.

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Chelton, Dudley Boyd. Central California Coastal Circulation Study: Drifter observations, February, July, October 1984 and January 1985. Corvallis, Or: College of Oceanography, Oregon State University, 1987.

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Berberian, George A. Oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of Mexico and Straits of Florida, fall 1976. Miami, Fla: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Oceanic and Atmospheric Research Laboratories, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, 2000.

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McTaggert, K. E. CTD/O₂ measurements collected on a climate and global change cruise (WOCE Section P13) along 165⁰E during August-October, 1992. Seattle, Wash: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 1994.

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Частини книг з теми "Circulating water temperature"

Deng, Hua Ling, Yong Wang, and Hong Zhao. "Unequal Interval Grey Forecast of the Rate of High Temperature Abrasion of Water-Wall Tubes in Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers." In Key Engineering Materials, 805–8. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-456-1.805.

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Jiao, Kexin, Jianliang Zhang, Haibin Zuo, Runsheng Xu, and Jun Hong. "Calculation and Analysis the Influence on the Cooling Water Velocity and Hot Metal Circulation to the Long Life BF." In 5th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 589–96. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118887998.ch73.

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Skinner, L. C., H. Elderfield, and M. Hall. "Phasing of millennial climate events and northeast Atlantic deep-water temperature change since 50 ka BP." In Ocean Circulation: Mechanisms and Impacts—Past and Future Changes of Meridional Overturning, 197–208. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/173gm14.

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Stanev, E. V. "Assimilation of Sea Surface Temperature Data in a Numerical Ocean Circulation Model. A Study of the Water Mass Formation." In Data Assimilation, 33–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78939-7_2.

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"MW steam turbine transformation technology using high-temperature circulating water for heating." In Resources, Environment and Engineering II, 453–60. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19136-70.

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Graham, Alan. "Context." In Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic History of North American Vegetation (North of Mexico). Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195113426.003.0006.

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The interaction between vegetation and the environment over time is one of the most complex of the Earth’s integrated systems. In addition to the direct methodologies of paleopalynology and paleobotany, there are other techniques that provide independent sources of information for interpreting this interaction. These include paleotemperature analysis, sea-level changes, and faunal history. The first two are also forcing mechanisms as discussed in Chapter 2, but for this survey the summary curves can also serve as convenient context information. Each is a vast subject with an extensive literature, and all are presently generating considerable discussion. For paleotemperature analysis, unsettled issues include the extent of temperature change in equatorial waters during the Early and Middle Tertiary, which would affect the poleward transport of heat by conveyer-belt mechanisms. Estimates range from surface waters as warm or warmer than the present to considerably cooler. For the Neogene, CLIMAP estimates based on the ecology of coccolithophores, diatoms, radiolarians, and especially foraminifera are that temperatures in the tropics did not cool significantly; modeling results, terrestrial paleontological evidence, and new Barbados coral data suggest they cooled by ~5°C. There is uncertainty as to when glaciations began on Antarctica; recent estimates range from the Early Eocene to late Middle Eocene to Middle Oligocene (45-35 Ma; Birkenmajer, 1990; Leg 119 Shipboard Scientific Party, 1988). This affects interpretation of 18O values during the Paleogene because they could reflect temperature alone or could be due to ocean water temperature and ice volume changes. Another challenge is to unravel the extent to which benthic temperature records track insolation-induced changes in water temperature versus new thresholds in ocean bottom-water circulation. Discussions of sea-level fluctuation are presently focused on their causes during the preglacial Early Cenozoic. In faunal history the timing of the North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs) or provincial ages are being revised. For vegetational history much of the older literature describes events in terms of geofloras, but this conceptual context, at minimum, requires substantial renovation, and the boreotropical hypothesis is emerging as an alternative for envisioning biotic events in the high northern latitudes.

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Horning, Ned, Julie A. Robinson, Eleanor J. Sterling, Woody Turner, and Sacha Spector. "Atmosphere and climate." In Remote Sensing for Ecology and Conservation. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199219940.003.0015.

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There is a compelling need for environmental managers to consider atmospheric and climatic impacts upon the systems they manage. Pounds et al. (2006) linked dramatic losses of frog species in the neotropical genus Atelopus to regional climate effects on the temperature and relative humidity of highland forests. They related frog disappearances to tropical air temperatures, finding that ~80 percent of the missing species were lost after relatively warm years. The strength of association between warm years and disappearing frogs was independent of elevation, latitude, or range size. Such an association of extinctions with warmer years leads to a paradox: the believed cause of death of the Atelopine frogs is chytridiomycosis due to outbreaks of the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, but Batrachochytrium becomes more pathogenic at lower rather than higher temperatures. Pounds et al. posited a resolution to this paradox by coupling higher temperatures to increased evaporation rates resulting in more water vapor in the atmosphere. Higher atmospheric water vapor drives increased cloud cover over Monteverde and other sites where scientists observed disappearances. In this case, more clouds led to cooler days, because they reflected more solar radiation, but also to warmer nights as they decreased heat loss to the atmosphere. The net result was that the range of daily maximum and minimum temperatures was not only less but less in a way that favored chytrid fungi (which grow best at 17–25 °C). Preventing it from getting too hot by day or too cold at night, the increased clouds during warmer years kept the temperature “just right” for Batrachochytrium to infect frogs. Conservation biologists recognize the significant impact that regional shifts in climate may have on populations of conservation concern (Hannah et al. 2005). However, much of the remote sensing work on the atmosphere and climate addresses global-scale phenomena, such as general circulation models (GCMs) of the atmosphere. Moving from these global scales to scales more appropriate to conservation work continues to be a significant challenge.

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Pisarev, S. V. "Review of the Barents sea hydrological conditions." In THE BARENTS SEA SYSTEM, 153–66. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29006/978-5-6045110-0-8/(13).

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Based on more than 50 works published during the period 1946−2019, the chapter gives an overview of current ideas about bottom topography, large-scale circulation, currents and tides, water flows across borders, temperature and salinity distribution, water masses, frontal zones, seasonal and interannual variations in hydrological characteristics, stratification and ice conditions of the Barents Sea. Among the many classifications of water masses of the sea, the review gives preference to the most consistent and reasonable classification proposed by V. Ozhigin and V. Ivshin in 1999.

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Meddeb, Zina. "Modelling of Active Magnetic Regenerative Refrigeration System Performance by New Approaches." In Advances in the Modelling of Thermodynamic Systems, 168–91. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8801-7.ch010.

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This work aimed to study the coefficient of performance (COP) of an active magnetic regenerative refrigeration (AMRR) system by new analytical approaches of magnetic work Wm(B,x,y) and magnetocaloric effect MCE (T,B). Those approaches were applied to a permanent magnet magnetic refrigerator. The studied refrigeration system consisted of four regenerators, each of which was formed by parallel plates of gadolinium, a circulation pump, a rotating magnet, and two heat exchangers. The heat transfer fluids used were water and gallium. A resolution of the continuity equation, the amount of movement equation, and the heat equation were carried out in order to study the temperature profile in both the regenerator and the fluid. Furthermore, the authors deduced the temperatures at the inlet and the outlet of the heat exchangers in order to establish a thermal balance.

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Furbish, David Jon. "Thermodynamic Properties of Fluids." In Fluid Physics in Geology. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195077018.003.0008.

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Fluid behavior in many geological problems is strongly influenced by extant thermal conditions and flow of heat. Recall, for example, that the coefficient A in Glen’s law for ice (3.40) varies over three orders of magnitude with a change in temperature of 50 °C. The effect of this is to strongly modulate the rate of ice deformation for a given level of stress. Recall further that we introduced several fluid properties—fluid compressibility, for example—where we asserted that our purely mechanical developments were incomplete inasmuch as they did not treat effects of varying temperature. The reasons for this will become clear in this chapter, including why it is difficult to maintain isothermal conditions when the pressure of a fluid is changing. In addition, many geological problems involve fluid flows that are induced by effects of variations in thermal conditions over time and space. These include buoyancy-driven convective motions that arise from variations in fluid density associated with variations in temperature (Chapter 16). Specific examples include convective overturning in a magma chamber, which can significantly influence how crystallizing minerals are distributed; convective circulations of water and chemical solutions in a sedimentary basin, which can influence where rock materials are dissolved and where they are precipitated as cements within pores; and convective circulation of water within the active layer above seasonally frozen ground, which may influence where patterned ground develops in periglacial environments. These processes, and viscous flows in general, invariably involve conversions of mechanical energy to heat, or vice versa. So in considering problems involving heat energy, we should recall from introductory chemistry and physics that such conversions can involve work performed on the fluid or its surroundings, and anticipate that the effects of this ought be manifest in fluid behavior. This chapter, then, is concerned with fluid pressure, temperature, and density, and how these variables are related to heat, mechanical energy, and work. We will note in digressions how these macroscopic concepts, like fluid viscosity, often have clear interpretations at a molecular scale based on kinetic theory of matter.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Circulating water temperature"

Yu Bai, Jiawei Xiao, Xiaochen Tang, Yongfu Liu, Houlin Liu, and Liang Dong. "Influence of water temperature variation on hydraulic performance of hot water circulating pump." In 2014 ISFMFE - 6th International Symposium on Fluid Machinery and Fluid Engineering. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2014.1146.

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Lu, Yesheng, Junning Cui, and Yue Zhao. "Ultra-precision temperature control of circulating cooling water based on fuzzy-PID algorithm." In 10th International Symposium on Precision Engineering Measurements and Instrumentation (ISPEMI 2018), edited by Jiubin Tan and Jie Lin. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2512443.

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Deotto, Geoffrey, Olivier Brunin, Alexandre Nicoli, and Franck David. "Assessment of a Steam Generator Circulation Ratio by a Thermal Balance Based on External Wall Temperature Measurements." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23153.

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During operation, sludge steadily appears at a slow pace on the secondary side of nuclear power plant steam generators. This leads to clogging of the tube bundle support plates, and consequently to a change in the thermal-hydraulic flow conditions. The circulation ratio of a steam generator is defined as the ratio between the total flowrate circulating in the riser and the steam flowrate at the outlet of the steam generator. This is a good indicator of the hydraulic pressure losses in the circulation loop. In particular, the increase in hydraulic resistance due to the tube support plate clogging leads to a drop in this parameter. For this reason, in order to check that clogging does not reach too high a level, the circulation ratio is regularly evaluated on steam generators of French nuclear power plants, and then compared to established safety limits. The purpose of this paper is to present an accurate method to determine the circulation ratio of a steam generator based on temperature measurements taken around the wall of the steam generator. This method consists of carrying out a thermal balance of the flow circulating in the downcomer. In order to accomplish this, the temperature of the water circulating in the downcomer is evaluated using thermocouple belts put on the external wall of the appliance. However, additional hypotheses in the calculation method are considered in order to take into account for the heat transfer between hot water inside the downcomer and the sensors. The steam generator circulation loop and the clogging of the tube support plates are presented in §1. Then §2 and §3 describe in detail the method and the associated hypotheses as well as the required instrumentation. Finally, §4 presents an application of this method to real cases of clogged steam generators.

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Aizawa, Osamu, Tsuneo Uno, Masato Yakushiji, Katsuhiko Wakabayashi, Tadashi Nishihara, and Tomoaki Kodama. "Effect of Circulating Water Temperature Change on Sealing Performance of Cylinder Head Gaskets of Diesel Engines." In SAE 2000 World Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-0529.

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Mu, Jiegang, Shuihua Zheng, Hongying Deng, Shengchang Zhang, and Zhendong Cai. "Research and Design of Sealing Device in Hot Water Circulating Pump for High Temperature and High Pressure." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61895.

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Hot water circulating pump for high temperature and high pressure is important equipment applied in the wide range of industry. However, in China, the seal of this pump is not so good and could not meet the use requirements. In this paper, based on investigations of the seal for this pump in China, the main problem of the seal was found out. Also, a new sealing device of hot water circulating pump for high temperature and high pressure was designed, which was composed of floating ring seal, combined seal, packing seal and special double-decker cooling system. The experiment results show that the new design could improve the seal performance of the pump and meet the use requirements.

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He Yongbing, Wu Shijing, and Wang Jixuan. "Research on improving unit thermal efficiency based on absorption heat pump by reducing the circulating water temperature." In 2011 International Conference on Transportation and Mechanical & Electrical Engineering (TMEE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmee.2011.6199636.

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Hirasawa, Shigeki, and Tsuyoshi Kawanami. "Study on Collector Efficiency of Flat-Plate-Type Evacuated Solar Collector to Get Hot Water Near 100°C." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22242.

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We studied effects of parameters on collector efficiency of evacuated solar collector system to get hot water near 100°C. Change of temperature in the solar collector system is calculated for a daily change of solar radiation with 5 minutes cloud. Six operation-control methods are examined. Calculation results show that the effect of the control methods on average collector efficiency for one day is small as 1%. Best control method to minimize effect of the cloud on exit temperature fluctuation of the water is that the flow rate of the water is controlled proportional to the solar radiation. Two types of heat storage system are examined: a non-circulating type (supply new water and accumulate heated water in the heat storage tank) and a circulating type (circulating water from the heat storage tank). The non-circulating type is effective to use the solar energy in the daytime, and the circulating type is effective to use solar energy in the evening. Also, we measured temperature of a collector plate under actual solar radiation in a fine day.

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Li, Liao-Liao, Zhi-Xiang Wu, and Hong Lin. "OPTIMIZATION DESIGN METHOD OF THE GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP BASED ON THE SELECTION OF ECONOMIC CIRCULATING WATER TEMPERATURE." In 2015 International Conference on Energy and Mechanical Engineering. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814749503_0047.

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Yoshida, Hiro, Haruhiko Imada, and Naoto Hagino. "Hydropower Generation by a Self-Circulating Solar Thermosyphon." In ASME 2014 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2014-32023.

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A self-circulating solar thermosyphon (TS) was applied to hydropower generation for the first time. A TS consists of a solar thermal collector, condenser, buffer chamber, hydropower section, heat exchanger, and recuperator. In the present study, the power output level was 10−6 W for the solar irradiation input of 102 – 103 W. The coefficient is 10−9. Considering the Carnot’s coefficient, 0.13, for the heat source and sink of temperatures 70°C and 25°C, there is room for remarkable improvement in TS hydropower generation. Moreover, the solar thermosyphon hydropower generation may provide us with new ways of utilizing heat below a temperature of 100°C, which until now has been merely used for things such as hot water supply and floor heating.

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Gokon, Nobuyuki, Shingo Takahashi, Hiroki Yamamoto, and Tatsuya Kodama. "New Solar Water-Splitting Reactor With Ferrite Particles in an Internally Circulating Fluidized Bed." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36063.

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The thermal reduction of metal oxides as part of a thermochemical two-step water splitting cycle requires the development of a high temperature solar reactor operating at 1000–1500°C. Direct solar energy absorption by metal-oxide particles provides efficient heat transfer directly to the reaction site. This paper describes experimental results of a windowed thermochemical water-splitting reactor using an internally circulating fluidized bed of the reacting metal-oxide particles under direct solar irradiation. The reactor has a transparent quartz window on the top as aperture. The concentrated solar radiation passes downward through the window and directly heats the internally circulating fluidized bed of metal-oxide particles. Therefore, this reactor needs to be combined with a solar tower or beam down optics. NiFe2O4/m-ZrO2 (Ni-ferrite supported on zirconia) particles is loaded as the working redox material in the laboratory scale reactors, and thermally reduced by concentrated Xe-beam irradiation. In a separate step, the thermally-reduced sample is oxidized back to Ni-ferrite with steam at 1000°C. As the results, the conversion of ferrite reached about 44% of maximum value in the reactor by 1kW of incident solar power. The effects of preheating temperature and particle size of NiFe2O4/m-ZrO2 were tested for thermal reduction of internally circulating fluidized bed in this paper.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Circulating water temperature"

Circulating water subsystem design description: 4 x 350 MW(t) Modular HTGR [High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor] Plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/464084.

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