Готові списки джерел за темами / Changes in appearance

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Changes in appearance":

Onda, Takeshi, Kamichika Hayashi, Akira Katakura, and Masayuki Takano. "Geographic tongue: A tongue that changes appearance." International Journal of Case Reports and Images 13, no. 2 (September 26, 2022): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5348/101344z01to2022ci.

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Kerzel, D., S. Born, and J. Schonhammer. "Saliency changes appearance." Journal of Vision 11, no. 11 (September 23, 2011): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/11.11.249.

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Kerzel, Dirk, Josef Schönhammer, Nicolas Burra, Sabine Born, and David Souto. "Saliency Changes Appearance." PLoS ONE 6, no. 12 (December 5, 2011): e28292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0028292.

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Greenwood, John A., Peter J. Bex, and Steven C. Dakin. "Crowding Changes Appearance." Current Biology 20, no. 6 (March 2010): 496–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2010.01.023.

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Campo, J. M. L. G. Á., H. Nijman, H. L. G. J. Merckelbach, and M. Frederikx. "Changes in appearance and psychosis." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 106 (September 2002): 69–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.106.s413.1_133.x.

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Campo, Joost á., Henk Nijman, and Harald Merckelbach. "Changes in Appearance and Psychosis." Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes 64, no. 2 (May 2001): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/psyc.64.2.165.18624.

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à Campo, Joost, Henk Nijman, Harald Merckelbach, and Monique Frederikx. "CHANGES IN APPEARANCE AND PSYCHOSIS." Behavioural Pharmacology 11, no. 3 & 4 (June 2000): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008877-200006000-00022.

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Dolan, R. J., J. Mitchell, and A. Wakeling. "Structural brain changes in patients with anorexia nervosa." Psychological Medicine 18, no. 2 (May 1988): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700007893.

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SynopsisTwenty-five patients with anorexia nervosa were compared with 17 normal healthy control subjects in terms of their cerebral computed tomographic (CT) scan appearances. The patients displayed significantly greater ventricular and sulcal enlargement when compared to control subjects. There were no relationships between the CT scan appearance and clinical indices of illness severity or weight loss in the patient group. In 14 patients who had repeat scans after attaining normal body weight, no significant change was observed in the ventricular appearance, but there was a significant lessening in the degree of sulcal widening.

Campo, Joost à., Monique Frederikx, Henk Nijman, and Harald Merckelbach. "Schizophrenia and Changes in Physical Appearance." Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 59, no. 4 (April 15, 1998): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/jcp.v59n0409d.

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Campo, J. M. L. G. Á., S. L. C. Hardy, and H. L. G. J. Merckelbach. "Changes in appearance related to psychopathology." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 106 (September 2002): 69–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.106.s413.1_134.x.

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Дисертації з теми "Changes in appearance":

Park, Jae Young. "Evaluation of changes in image appearance with changes in displayed image size." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2014. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/8yv3x/evaluation-of-changes-in-image-appearance-with-changes-in-displayed-image-size.

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This research focused on the quantification of changes in image appearance when images are displayed at different image sizes on LCD devices. The final results provided in calibrated Just Noticeable Differences (JNDs) on relevant perceptual scales, allowing the prediction of sharpness and contrast appearance with changes in the displayed image size. A series of psychophysical experiments were conducted to enable appearance predictions. Firstly, a rank order experiment was carried out to identify the image attributes that were most affected by changes in displayed image size. Two digital cameras, exhibiting very different reproduction qualities, were employed to capture the same scenes, for the investigation of the effect of the original image quality on image appearance changes. A wide range of scenes with different scene properties was used as a test-set for the investigation of image appearance changes with scene type. The outcomes indicated that sharpness and contrast were the most important attributes for the majority of scene types and original image qualities. Appearance matching experiments were further conducted to quantify changes in perceived sharpness and contrast with respect to changes in the displayed image size. For the creation of sharpness matching stimuli, a set of frequency domain filters were designed to provide equal intervals in image quality, by taking into account the system’s Spatial Frequency Response (SFR) and the observation distance. For the creation of contrast matching stimuli, a series of spatial domain S-shaped filters were designed to provide equal intervals in image contrast, by gamma adjustments. Five displayed image sizes were investigated. Observers were always asked to match the appearance of the smaller version of each stimulus to its larger reference. Lastly, rating experiments were conducted to validate the derived JNDs in perceptual quality for both sharpness and contrast stimuli. Data obtained by these experiments finally converted into JND scales for each individual image attribute. Linear functions were fitted to the final data, which allowed the prediction of image appearance of images viewed at larger sizes than these investigated in this research.

Frerichs, Dhana. "Computer graphics simulation of organic and inorganic optical and morphological appearance changes." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2017. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/30016/.

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Organic bodies are subject to internal biological, chemical and physical processes as well as environmental interactions after death, which cause significant structural and optical changes. Simulating corpse decomposition and the environmental effects on its surface can help improve the realism of computer generated scenes and provide the impression of a living, dynamic environment. The aim of this doctorate thesis is to simulate post mortem processes of the human body and their visual effects on its appearance. The proposed method is divided into three processes; surface weathering due to environmental activities, livor mortis and natural mummification by desiccation. The decomposing body is modelled by a layered model consisting of a tetrahedral mesh representing the volume and a high resolution triangle surface mesh representing the skin. A particle-based surface weathering approach is employed to add environmental effects. The particles transport substances that are deposited on the object’s surface. A novel, biologically-inspired blood pooling simulation is used to recreate the physical processes of livor mortis and its visual effects on the corpse’s appearance. For the mummification, a physically-based approach is used to simulate the moisture diffusion process inside the object and the resulting de- formations of the volume and skin. In order to simulate the colouration changes associated with livor mortis and mummification, a chemically-based layered skin shader that considers time and spatially varying haemoglobin, oxygen and moisture contents is proposed. The suggested approach is able to model changes in the internal structure and the surface appearance of the body that resemble the post mortem processes livor mortis, natural mummification by desiccation and surface weathering. The surface weathering approach is able to add blemishes, such as rust and moss, to an object’s surface while avoiding inconsistencies in deposit sizes and dis- continuities on texture seams. The livor mortis approach is able to model the pink colouration changes caused by blood pooling, pressure induced blanching effects, fixation of hypostasis and the purple discolouration due to oxygen loss in blood. The mummification method is able to reproduce volume shrinkage effects caused by moisture loss, skin wrinkling and skin darkening that are comparable to real mummies.

Herbozo, Sylvia. "The Effects of Ambiguous Appearance-related Feedback on Body Image, Mood States, and Intentions to Use Body Changes Strategies in College Women." Scholar Commons, 2007. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/290.

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Previous research has demonstrated the influential role of physical appearance-related feedback in the development of body image and eating disturbances. Teasing and negative feedback have been established as strong correlates and predictors of body dissatisfaction, maladaptive eating behaviors, and psychological distress. However, very little is known about ambiguous appearance-related feedback and its impact on others. The current study sought to explore this area with an experimental study to examine the effects of ambiguous appearance-related feedback on body image, mood states, and intentions to use body change strategies. Undergraduate women (N=146) were randomly assigned to an ambiguous appearance-related or ambiguous nonappearance-related feedback condition. Body image, mood states, and intentions to diet, exercise, and use unhealthy weight control methods were assessed before and after feedback was provided by a confederate. Results indicated no significant differences between feedback conditions in body image and mood states. The mean trends for all mood state, with the exception of anger, indicated better mood states after ambiguous appearance-related feedback compared to after ambiguous nonappearance-related feedback. State anger was greater in the ambiguous appearance-related feedback condition suggesting that this particular type of feedback was interpreted in a negative manner. Further, there was a significant difference between feedback conditions for intentions to diet and use bulimic behaviors, with lower levels in the ambiguous appearance-related feedback condition. No significant differences were found for intentions to exercise. State appearance comparison was not shown to mediate the relationship between ambiguous feedback and body image, mood states, or intentions to use body change strategies. Trait appearance satisfaction, appearance comparison, appearance schematicity, and thin ideal internalization were found to moderate the relationship between ambiguous feedback and state depression. Trait appearance comparison moderated the relationship between ambiguous feedback and intentions to use bulimic behaviors. Exploratory analyses conducted with subsamples developed using high versus low levels of trait disturbance showed significant results for the subsample based on trait appearance comparison levels. The findings are discussed in the context of possible reasons for the unexpected responses to the ambiguous appearance-related versus nonappearance-related feedback. The limitations of the study and directions for future research are also noted.

Grosbellet, Francois. "Génération de détails dans les mondes procéduraux." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0110/document.

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La génération de mondes virtuels est un domaine de recherche très actif en informatique graphique : la modélisation de plantes, d’arbres, de bâtiments, de villes ou de terrains, et les simulations de vieillissement sont des domaines très explorés. Dans ce contexte, les changements d’apparences constituent également un domaine de recherche important, de part leur impact majeur dans le réalisme des scènes virtuelles produites. Ces travaux se concentrent sur la mise au point d’approches procédurales permettant de représenter les changements d’apparence sous la forme de décorations géométriques (accumulation de neige ou formation de glace, dépôt de feuilles mortes, etc.) à la fois à grande échelle et avec un très haut niveau de détail. Nous proposons d’abord un modèle d’organisation hiérarchique de scènes qui repose sur un arbre de construction dont les feuilles sont des objets environnementaux, des objets qui génèrent eux mêmes leurs décorations géométriques. Nous présentons ensuite un formalisme implicite pour définir l’environnement, qui contient l’ensemble des informations guidant la génération des décorations. Finalement, nous détaillons quatre méthodes de génération procédurale pour la création des décorations géométriques (neige, glace, herbes, feuilles) des objets environnementaux
Procedural modeling of virtual worlds is an active research field in computer science. A large amount of methods have been published in this field : modeling of plants, trees, buildings, cities or terrains, and aging and weathering simulations. In this context, changes of appearance are a very active research field too, due to the way they impact the realism of produced virtual scenes. This research focuses on a procedural method that can represent the changes of appearance as geometrical decorations (snowfall, ice growth, leaves deposits, etc.) on very big scenes with a high level of details. We first propose a hierarchical scene design based on a construction tree whose leaves are environmental objects, a new kind of objects that generate their own geometrical decorations. We then present an implicit formalism to define the environment that contains all the information needed to guide decorations generation. Finally, we detail four procedural methods for generating the geometrical decorations (snow, ice, grass, leaves) of the environmental objects

Linegar, Chris. "Vision-only localisation under extreme appearance change." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:608762bd-5608-4e50-ab7b-da454dd52887.

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Robust localisation is a key requirement for autonomous vehicles. However, in order to achieve widespread adoption of this technology, we also require this function to be performed using low-cost hardware. Cameras are appealing due to their information-rich image content and low cost; however, camera-based localisation is difficult because of the problem of appearance change. For example, in outdoor en- vironments the appearance of the world can change dramatically and unpredictably with variations in lighting, weather, season and scene structure. We require autonomous vehicles to be robust under these challenging environmental conditions. This thesis presents Dub4, a vision-only localisation system for autonomous vehicles. The system is founded on the concept of experiences, where an "experience" is a visual memory which models the world under particular conditions. By allowing the system to build up and curate a map of these experiences, we are able to handle cyclic appearance change (lighting, weather and season) as well as adapt to slow structural change. We present a probabilistic framework for predicting which experiences are most likely to match successfully with the live image at run-time, conditioned on the robot's prior use of the map. In addition, we describe an unsupervised algorithm for detecting and modelling higher-level visual features in the environment for localisation. These features are trained on a per-experience basis and are robust to extreme changes in appearance, for example between rain and sun, or day and night. The system is tested on over 1500km of data, from urban and off-road environments, through sun, rain, snow, harsh lighting, at different times of the day and night, and through all seasons. In addition to this extensive offline testing, Dub4 has served as the primary localisation source on a number of autonomous vehicles, including the Oxford University's RobotCar, the 2016 Shell Eco-Marathon, the LUTZ PathFinder Project in Milton Keynes, and the GATEway Project in Greenwich, London.

Gupta, Preeti. "Change in colour appearance of small defocused lights." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/30424/1/Preeti_Gupta_Thesis.pdf.

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Small long wavelength lights (≤ 1’ arc) change colour appearance with positive defocus, appearing yellow or white. I investigated influences of longitudinal chromatic aberration and monochromatic aberrations on colour appearance of small narrow band lights. Seven cyclopleged participants viewed a small light (1’ arc diameter, λmax range 510 - 628 nm) centred within a 4.6’ black annulus and surrounded by a uniform white field under photopic light levels. An optical trombone varied focus. Participants were required to vary the focus by moving the optical trombone in either positive or negative direction and report when they noticed a change in appearance of the defocused narrow band light. Longitudinal chromatic aberration was controlled using a Powell achromatizing lens and its doublet and triplet components that neutralized, doubled and reversed the eye’s chromatic aberration, respectively. Changes in colour appearance for a 628 nm light occurred without any lens at +0.5 ± 0.2D defocus and with the doublet at +0.6 ± 0.2 D. The achromatizing lens did not affect appearance and the phenomenon was evident with the triplet for negative defocus (-0.5 ± 0.3 D). Adaptive optics correction of astigmatism and higher order monochromatic aberration did not affect magnitude significantly. Colour changes occurred despite a range of participant L/M cone ratios. Direction of change in colour appearance was reversed for short compared to long wavelengths. We conclude that longitudinal chromatic aberrations, but not monochromatic aberrations, are involved in changing appearance of small lights with defocus. Additional neuronal mechanisms that may contribute to the colour changes are considered.

Shepherd, Iona. "The experience of acquiring a significant change to facial appearance." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18221/.

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This thesis was concerned with the psychosocial experience of living with a significant change to facial appearance acquired through trauma or disease. The thesis comprises a literature review and a report of an original research study. The review used a meta-ethnography approach to synthesise qualitative literature on the experience of altered facial appearance following cancer. The findings demonstrate the varying experience of changed facial appearance depending on the stage of the disease or treatment, with appearance being more salient at less acute stages of cancer treatment. Changes to appearance lead to experiences of stigma and threatened self-image and self-identity, necessitating a range of coping strategies. Clinical implications and future research needs are outlined. The research study aimed to understand the experience of living with a facial prosthesis using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Findings indicate that a prosthesis could restore normalcy and enable social participation, however the impact of having altered facial appearance continued to pervade the experience and practicalities continued to be problematic. Social support and humour were notable factors contributing to positive adjustment. This research implicates a role for peer support interventions in this population, and further research is needed to explore different stages and levels of adjustment.

Watson, Deryn Margaret. "Information technology in geography classes : the appearance and reality of change." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340880.

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Rogers, Elizabeth Rachel. "The effect of a change in percepual verbs on intellectual realism errors in appearance-reality tasks." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28275.

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Pillow & Flavell (1985) argue that the phrase 'look like' increases the tendency of young children to commit intellectual realism errors. The present study followed their procedures with the Block Arrays (which includes the Hidden Block task) and, in addition, included the identity task from a previous appearance-reality study by Flavell, Flavell & Green (1983). Forty-two three- and four-year-old preschoolers were presented with a variety of block arrays (Block Arrays task) and realistic-looking fake objects (Identity task) to observe. The subjects were tested on all of the stimulus items in one task before being tested on the second one. Half the subjects received the Block Arrays task first, half received the Identity task first. After the presentation of each array or object, the subject was asked a test question about its appearance while looking at it through a viewing tube. In the Look Like Condition, the test question included the words 'look like' and in the See Condition, the verb 'see' was used instead of 'look like'. If the subjects made any errors in the first condition (Look Like), they then received the second condition (See). No difference was found in the childrens' performance in the Hidden Block task but there was a difference in their performance in the Identity task. However, this difference cannot be attributed solely to the two wordings but rather to some interaction of task type and condition. Further analysis of the Look Like Condition revealed an Age-by-Task interaction in which the threes and fours performed differently in each task. A significant main effect for each of Task and Gender was also found in the Look Like Condition.
Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate

Macleod, Ruth. "The lived experience of a burn injury, with particular reference to appearance change and trauma symptomology." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6725/.

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Книги з теми "Changes in appearance":

Petherbridge, Edward. Slim chances and unscheduled appearances. Brighton: Indepenpress Pub., 2011.

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Association of Art Historians (Great Britain) and United Kingdom Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works., eds. Appearance, opinion, change: evaluating the look of paintings. London: United Kingdom Institute for Conservation, 1990.

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Institution, British Standards. British Standard method for determination of the resistance to pilling and change of appearance of fabrics. London: B.S.I., 1986.

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Diller, Vivian. Face it: What women really feel as their looks change : a psychological guide to enjoying your appearance at any age. Carlsbad, Calif: Hay House, 2010.

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Meltzer, Carole Swann. Feng shui chic: Change your life with spirit and style. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003.

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Chen, Ajiang, Pengli Cheng, and Yajuan Luo. Chinese "Cancer Villages". Translated by Jennifer Holdaway. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789089647221.

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The phenomenon of "cancer villages" has emerged in many parts of rural China, drawing media attention and becoming a fact of social life. However, the relationship between pollution and disease is often hard to discern. Through sociological analysis of several villages with different social and economic structures, the authors offer a comprehensive, historically grounded analysis of the coexistence between the incidence of cancer, environmental pollution and villagers’ lifestyles, as well as the perceptions, claims and responses of different actors. They situate the appearance of "cancer villages" in the context of social, economic and cultural change in China, tracing the evolution of the issue over two decades, and providing deep insights into the complex interactions and trade-offs between economic growth, environmental change and public health.

Fafinski, Mateusz. Roman Infrastructure in Early Medieval Britain. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463727532.

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Early Medieval Britain was more Roman than we think. The Roman Empire left vast infrastructural resources on the island. These resources lay buried not only in dirt and soil, but also in texts, laws, chronicles, charters, even churches and landscapes. This book uncovers them and shows how they shaped Early Medieval Britain. Infrastructures, material and symbolic, can work in ways that are not immediately obvious and exert an influence long after their creators have gone. Infrastructure can also rest dormant and be reactivated with a changed function, role and appearance. This is not a simple story of continuity and discontinuity: It is a story of adaptation and transformation, of how the Roman infrastructural past was used and re-used, and also how it influenced the later societies of Britain.

Mal'shina, N., and Andrey Garnov. MODERN PRINCIPLES ANALYSIS OF RESOURCE FLOWS IN CRISIS CONDITIONS: CULTURE AND CREATIVE INDUSTRY. xxu: Academus Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/978-1-4946-0018-1.

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The culture industry should become attractive for capital investment through the development of organizational-economic mechanisms of support in the form of integrated structures as well as through the development of mechanisms of its financing: systems of culture multi-channel backing and state-private partnership which would allow to create prerequisites for the appearance and implementation of new ideas and projects in the culture field, contributing to culture sphere formation as a full-fledged source of state income. As a result of this project implementation, original new fundamental theoretical assumptions and empirical data in the culture industry field and the regional development will be obtained. The project focuses on the study of fundamental basics research of the culture industry functioning, solves scientific problems of the culture industry effectiveness evaluation and direction justification of its support and funding; there are being worked out strategies and mechanisms of the culture industry efficiency development and increase in accordance with the characteristics and needs of regional economies.

Meurs, Wim, Robin Bruin, Liesbeth Grift, Carla Hoetink, Karin Leeuwen, and Reijnen. The Unfinished History of European Integration. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462988149.

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When the Treaty of Lisbon went into effect in December 2009, the event seemed to mark the beginning of a longer phase of institutional consolidation for the EU. Since 2010, however, the EU has faced multiple crises, which have rocked its foundations and deeply challenged the narrative of 'the end of the history of integration'. The military crisis in eastern Ukraine and the refugee crisis call for a joint approach, but in practice reveal the difficulty of maintaining even the appearance of European solidarity and political unanimity. The financial and socio-economic crisis in southern Europe and Brexit present the EU with the latest set of challenges. If seventy years of European integration have taught us anything, it is that fundamental crises as well as moments of rapid institutional change form integral parts of its history. The Unfinished History of European Integration presents the reader with historical and theoretical knowledge on which well-founded judgements can be based. This textbook on European integration history has been written as a student textbook for a bachelor's or master's programme in European integration history, as a manual for the analysis of EU sources and, finally, as an information resource for a bachelor's or master's thesis.

Paraskeva, Nicole, Alex Clarke, and Diana Harcourt. Altered Appearance from Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190655617.003.0007.

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Abstract: This chapter delineates various appearance alterations that can result from cancer and its treatment. It focuses on describing the impact of appearance changes involving weight, scarring from surgery, alopecia, ascites, and lymphedema. It also examines the influence of patient-related factors (i.e., gender, age) and treatment-related factors on appearance-related distress. Various models of adjustment to alterations in appearance are presented with particular attention to predisposing factors, intervening cognitive processes, and measurable outcomes identified by large-scale research studies conducted by the Appearance Research Collaboration. Finally, the chapter identifies gaps in knowledge and directions for future research needed to advance the understanding of an individual’s experiences of living with an altered appearance due to cancer.

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Частини книг з теми "Changes in appearance":

Nasir, E., M. S. R. M. Khair, N. Tulos, A. Musa, A. Baharudin, and S. A. Ghani. "Surface Appearance Changes of Bio-finished Knitted Fabric." In Proceedings of the International Colloquium in Textile Engineering, Fashion, Apparel and Design 2014 (ICTEFAD 2014), 65–69. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-011-7_12.

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Wang, Jian, Jiarui Xing, Jason Druzgal, William M. Wells, and Miaomiao Zhang. "MetaMorph: Learning Metamorphic Image Transformation with Appearance Changes." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 576–87. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34048-2_44.

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Ruggles, Clive L. N. "Long-Term Changes in the Appearance of the Sky." In Handbook of Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy, 473–82. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6141-8_35.

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Matei, B., R. P. Wildes, S. Hsu, R. Kumar, S. Samarasekera, H. S. Sawhney, and K. Hanna. "Robust Video Georegistration in the Presence of Significant Appearance Changes." In Video Registration, 180–221. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0459-7_8.

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Freigang, Christian. "Changes in Vaulting, Changes in Drawing. On the Visual Appearance of Gothic Architecture around the Year 1300." In The Year 1300 and the Creation of a new European Architecture, 67–78. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.ama-eb.3.6.

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Ng, Suk Y. "CBCT Appearance of Alveolar Bone Changes Due to Age and Tooth Loss." In BDJ Clinician’s Guides, 159–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25480-2_4.

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Zakharov, Vladimir M. "Appearance, fixation and stabilisation of environmentally induced phenotypic changes as a microevolutionary event." In Developmental Instability: Its Origins and Evolutionary Implications, 229–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0830-0_17.

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Ma, Lei, Daeseung Kim, Chunfeng Lian, Deqiang Xiao, Tianshu Kuang, Qin Liu, Yankun Lang, et al. "Deep Simulation of Facial Appearance Changes Following Craniomaxillofacial Bony Movements in Orthognathic Surgical Planning." In Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2021, 459–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87202-1_44.

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Kasemir, Helga, Detlef Rosemann, and Ralf Oelmüller. "Changes in the Appearance of Ribulose-1.5-Bisphosphate-Carboxylase (RuBPCase) during Senescence of Mustard Cotyledons." In Progress in Photosynthesis Research, 561–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0519-6_114.

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Polona Mivšek, Ana, and Xuan-Hong Tomai. "Sexual Aspects of Pregnancy." In Midwifery and Sexuality, 67–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18432-1_6.

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AbstractEspecially during the first pregnancy, many changes occur in the woman and in the relationship with her partner. This chapter will describe the wide range of elements influencing sexuality and intimacy in pregnancy, according to the pregnancy trimesters. It will start with the physical changes and continue with psychological issues.Sexual desire can change in different directions and is influenced by physical and psychological factors like fear (for miscarriage, pre-term birth, etc.), changing appearance and sense of self. Both pregnancy and sexual arousal are characterised by hypercongestion of the internal and external genital organs and the breasts. The pregnancy’s physiology can, on the one hand, facilitate sexual arousal. The accumulating effect of sexual arousal and the existing hypercongestion can, on the other hand, cause pain in the breasts and the vulvar area and therefore diminish arousal. In the last trimester of pregnancy, the quality of orgasm can change from clonic contractions to tonic (and can therefore be painful).Moreover, also partners deal with pregnancy and change differently, depending on their personal experiences, earlier quality of this relationship, upbringing and cultural context. The chapter focusses on the couple, not just the woman.This chapter is part of ‘Midwifery and Sexuality’, a Springer Nature open-access textbook for midwives and related healthcare professionals.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Changes in appearance":

Maloney, Laurence T. "Linear Model Algorithms for Color Correction." In Color Appearance. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ca.1987.tub1.

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Human and machine visual sensing is enhanced when information about the surface properties of objects in a scene, including their intrinsic colors, can be reliably estimated despite changes in the ambient lighting conditions, and the presence of other objects in the scene.

Wei Chen, Xifeng Guo, Xinwang Liu, En Zhu, and Jianping Yin. "Appearance changes detection during tracking." In 2016 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2016.7899901.

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Dorsey, Julie, Hans Køhling Pedersen, and Pat Hanrahan. "Flow and changes in appearance." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1198555.1198696.

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Dorsey, Julie, Hans Kohling Pederseny, and Pat Hanrahan. "Flow and changes in appearance." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Courses. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1185657.1185723.

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Dorsey, Julie, Hans Køhling Pedersen, and Pat Hanrahan. "Flow and changes in appearance." In the 23rd annual conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/237170.237280.

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Stromeyer, C. F. "Facilitation of Red-Green Perception by Luminance Pedestals." In Color Appearance. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ca.1987.tua2.

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My colleagues (G.R. Cole, R.T. Eskew, Jr. and R.E. Kronauer) and I have been studying how luminance information may aid perception of red-green color changes. Related work has been done by Hilz et al, (1974), Boynton et al. (1977) and Nick and Larimer (1983).

Stine, Wm Wren, and John E. Sparrow. "Influence Theory for Retinex Models." In Color Appearance. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ca.1987.tua3.

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The color constancy problem is one of calculating reflectance values for surfaces under differing illuminants. Retinex theory (e.g., Land, 1986) states that relative receptor responses are used to recover surface reflectance after they have been normalized with respect to the responses of neighboring receptor responses. Specifically, a number of paths to the pixel in question are randomly chosen and the logarithm of the ratio of the pixel receptor's response to the geometric mean of the receptor responses over a large number of paths is used as the lightness value for the pixel in question. Symbolically (1) where r(x,k) is the response of receptor x (to pixel x) of class k (where k is either the short wavelength, medium wavelength, or long wavelength cone), G(p,k) is the geometric mean of all of the receptor responses of class k covered by the random paths p, and l(x,k) is the resulting lightness value for receptor x (to pixel x) of class k. By normalizing the lightness value to the geometric mean of the neighboring receptor responses the change of the lightness value in response to overall spectral changes in illumination is minimized.

Ortega, Marcos, Linda Brodo, Manuele Bicego, and Massimo Tistarelli. "Measuring changes in face appearance through aging." In 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2009.5204302.

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Ortega, M., L. Brodo, M. Bicego, and M. Tistarelli. "Measuring changes in face appearance through aging." In 2009 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR Workshops). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2009.5204302.

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Laffont, Pierre-Yves, and James Hays. "Exploring outdoor appearance changes with transient scene attributes." In SIGGRAPH Asia 2013 Posters. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2542302.2542309.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Changes in appearance":

Moschetti, Roberta, Lars Gullbrekken, and Joana Maia. Accelerated climate aging tests of structural insulated panels with waste-based core materials. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541597546.

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One of the challenges of climate change in the building sector is related to the durability of materials, i.e., the resistance to degradation due to weathering over time. The durability of building components can be assessed through long-term natural outdoor climate exposure or appropriate accelerated climate aging in the laboratory. SINTEF Research Centre owns a climate simulator apparatus to perform aging tests according to the Nordtest method NT Build 495:2000. The aim of this article is to show the results from an accelerated climatic aging test performed on three different configurations of a structural insulated panel (SIP), which is characterized by waste-based core materials. The samples were tested for one month, corresponding to about one year of natural outdoor climate exposure. The results from the test performed in the climate simulator include information on the sample changes occurring during the analyzed period, together with the scale of such changes and the time of occurrence. Therefore, the test results are qualitative and based on the fact that a change in the performance properties of the samples corresponds to a change in their appearance during the test. This includes, for instance, signs of degradation, such as cracks, loss of gloss, or delamination.

Hunt, Will, and Jacqueline O'Reilly. Rapid Recruitment in Retail: Leveraging AI in the hiring of hourly paid frontline associates during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Digital Futures at Work Research Centre, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/alnb9606.

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Increased demand due to the Coronavirus pandemic created the need for Walmart to onboard tens of thousands of workers in a short period. This acted as a catalyst for Walmart to bring forward existing plans to update the hiring system for store-level hourly paid associates in its US stores. The Rapid Recruitment project sought to make hiring safer, faster, fairer and more effective by removing in-person interviews and leveraging machine learning and predictive analytics. This working paper reports on a case study of the Rapid Recruitment project involving semi-structured qualitative interviews with members of the project team and hiring staff at five US stores. The research finds that while implementation of the changes had been successful and the changes were largely valued by hiring staff, lack of awareness and confidence in some changes threatened to undermine some of the objectives of the changes. Reservations about the pre-employment assessment and the algorithm’s ability to predict quality hires led someusers reviewing more applications than perhaps necessary and potentially undermining prediction of 90-day turnover. Concerns about the ability to assess candidates over the phone meant that some users had reverted to in-person interviews, raising the riskof Covid transmission and potentially undermining the objective of removing the influence of human bias linked to appearance and other factors unrelated to performance. The impact of awareness and confidence in the changes to the hiring system are discussed in relation to the project objectives

Czerwaty, Katarzyna, Karolina Dżaman, Krystyna Maria Sobczyk, and Katarzyna Irmina Sikrorska. The Overlap Syndrome of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0077.

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Review question / Objective: To provide the essential findings in the field of overlap syndrome of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea, including prevalence, possible predictors, association with clinical outcomes, and severity compared to both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea patients. Condition being studied: OSA is characterized by complete cessation (apnea) or significant decrease (hy-popnea) in airflow during sleep and recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse cause it during sleep leading to nocturnal oxyhemoglobin desaturations and arousals from rest. The recurrent arousals which occur in OSA lead to neurocognitive consequences, daytime sleepiness, and reduced quality of life. Because of apneas and hypopneas, patients are experiencing hypoxemia and hypercapnia, which result in increasing levels of catecholamine, oxidative stress, and low-grade inflammation that lead to the appearance of cardio-metabolic consequences of OSA. COPD is a chronic inflammatory lung disease defined by persistent, usually pro-gressive AFL (airflow limitation). Changes in lung mechanics lead to the main clini-cal manifestations of dyspnea, cough, and chronic expectoration. Furthermore, patients with COPD often suffer from anxiety and depression also, the risk of OSA and insomnia is higher than those hospitalized for other reasons. Although COPD is twice as rare as asthma but is the cause of death eight times more often.

Demchenko, Dmytro. DEMASSIFICATION OF SOCIAL PROCESSES IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATION (TO THE PROBLEM OF THE DICHOTOMY OF “ELITE-MASS” AS A POLITICAL COMMUNICATION PARADOX). Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12171.

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The article aims to analyze a complicated process of the society’s main components – elite, mass communication, and masses – in their interaction and interdependence from the historical perspective. Due to industrialization and modernization of the life quality, the social life changes radically, and the essence of every component of the society changes as well. The elite loses its dynastic character. The media stop to play the role of a mediator taking on the obligations of a collective agitator and propagandist, and the mass stops to be cloth for wiping shoes. It starts to form a mass audience and, by that, obtains new forms that must be taken into account by social institutions. Together with that the collective views are substituted by the views which are stronger than the ones of a separate individual. One of the main conclusions of the investigation is as follows. The formation of the “consumer society” and the strengthening of the mass communication role resulted in the appearance of “mediocracy” which factually introduced an absolute elite dependence on it and conferred the right of media to set the social agenda. The mass turned out to be a silent majority, a unity of conformity-oriented people. These people become simultaneously a product of mass communication impact because they dictate what one must read, listen to, and watch from the media menu. They force MMC to satisfy their unassuming needs making the content trivial and commodificated. In other words, the mutual process of the interaction of the media, “impossible independence” and the conscious “communicative consensus” of individuals who are willingly united with the mass audience takes place. The creation of the internet due to “digital anonymity” and the autonomy of the consumer formed the conditions for the self-determined citizens and gave the elite a modest place in the “cyber democracy”. However, the increase in individual self-isolation leads to his gradual loss of “social capital,” and that threatens to replace the direct experience with a virtual environment that will make it very difficult to differentiate reality from fiction. Keywords: elite, mass, media, mass communication, information space, globalization.

Elbaum, Michael, and Peter J. Christie. Type IV Secretion System of Agrobacterium tumefaciens: Components and Structures. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699848.bard.

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Objectives: The overall goal of the project was to build an ultrastructural model of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens type IV secretion system (T4SS) based on electron microscopy, genetics, and immunolocalization of its components. There were four original aims: Aim 1: Define the contributions of contact-dependent and -independent plant signals to formation of novel morphological changes at the A. tumefaciens polar membrane. Aim 2: Genetic basis for morphological changes at the A. tumefaciens polar membrane. Aim 3: Immuno-localization of VirB proteins Aim 4: Structural definition of the substrate translocation route. There were no major revisions to the aims, and the work focused on the above questions. Background: Agrobacterium presents a unique example of inter-kingdom gene transfer. The process involves cell to cell transfer of both protein and DNA substrates via a contact-dependent mechanism akin to bacterial conjugation. Transfer is mediated by a T4SS. Intensive study of the Agrobacterium T4SS has made it an archetypal model for the genetics and biochemistry. The channel is assembled from eleven protein components encoded on the B operon in the virulence region of the tumor-inducing plasmid, plus an additional coupling protein, VirD4. During the course of our project two structural studies were published presenting X-ray crystallography and three-dimensional reconstruction from electron microscopy of a core complex of the channel assembled in vitro from homologous proteins of E. coli, representing VirB7, VirB9, and VirB10. Another study was published claiming that the secretion channels in Agrobacterium appear on helical arrays around the membrane perimeter and along the entire length of the bacterium. Helical arrangements in bacterial membranes have since fallen from favor however, and that finding was partially retracted in a second publication. Overall, the localization of the T4SS within the bacterial membranes remains enigmatic in the literature, and we believe that our results from this project make a significant advance. Summary of achievements : We found that polar inflations and other membrane disturbances relate to the activation conditions rather than to virulence protein expression. Activation requires low pH and nutrient-poor medium. These stress conditions are also reflected in DNA condensation to varying degrees. Nonetheless, they must be considered in modeling the T4SS as they represent the relevant conditions for its expression and activity. We identified the T4SS core component VirB7 at native expression levels using state of the art super-resolution light microscopy. This marker of the secretion system was found almost exclusively at the cell poles, and typically one pole. Immuno-electron microscopy identified the protein at the inner membrane, rather than at bridges across the inner and outer membranes. This suggests a rare or transient assembly of the secretion-competent channel, or alternatively a two-step secretion involving an intermediate step in the periplasmic space. We followed the expression of the major secreted effector, VirE2. This is a single-stranded DNA binding protein that forms a capsid around the transferred oligonucleotide, adapting the bacterial conjugation to the eukaryotic host. We found that over-expressed VirE2 forms filamentous complexes in the bacterial cytoplasm that could be observed both by conventional fluorescence microscopy and by correlative electron cryo-tomography. Using a non-retentive mutant we observed secretion of VirE2 from bacterial poles. We labeled the secreted substrates in vivo in order detect their secretion and appearance in the plant cells. However the low transfer efficiency and significant background signal have so far hampered this approach.

Montoya, Miguel A., Daniela Betancourt-Jiminez, Mohammad Notani, Reyhaneh Rahbar-Rastegar, Jeffrey P. Youngblood, Carlos J. Martinez, and John E. Haddock. Environmentally Tuning Asphalt Pavements Using Phase Change Materials. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317369.

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Environmental conditions are considered an important factor influencing asphalt pavement performance. The addition of modifiers, both to the asphalt binder and the asphalt mixture, has attracted considerable attention in potentially alleviating environmentally induced pavement performance issues. Although many solutions have been developed, and some deployed, many asphalt pavements continue to prematurely fail due to environmental loading. The research reported herein investigates the synthetization and characterization of biobased Phase Change Materials (PCMs) and inclusion of Microencapsulated PCM (μPCM) in asphalt binders and mixtures to help reduce environmental damage to asphalt pavements. In general, PCM substances are formulated to absorb and release thermal energy as the material liquify and solidify, depending on pavement temperature. As a result, PCMs can provide asphalt pavements with thermal energy storage capacities to reduce the impacts of drastic ambient temperature scenarios and minimize the appearance of critical temperatures within the pavement structure. By modifying asphalt pavement materials with PCMs, it may be possible to "tune" the pavement to the environment.

Lurie, Susan, John Labavitch, Ruth Ben-Arie, and Ken Shackel. Woolliness in Peaches and Nectarines. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570557.bard.

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The overall goal of the research was to understand the processes involved in the development of woolliness in peaches and nectarines. Four specific hypotheses were proposed and in the course of the research evidence was gathered t support two of them and to not support two others. The hypotheses and a summary of the evidence are outlined below. 1. That woolliness arises from an imbalance between the activities of the cell wall pectin degrading enzymes. Using 'Flavortop' nectarines and 'Hermoza' peaches as model systems, storage regimes were manipulated to induce or prevent woolliness. The expression (mRNA abundance), protein content (Western blotting), and activity of polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin esterase (PE) were followed. Expression of the enzymes was not different, but activity and the ratio between PG and PE activities were quite different in fruits developing woolliness or ripening normally. This was also examined by looking at the substrate, the pectin moiety of the cell wall, and i woolly fruit there were more high molecular weight pectins with regions of non-methylated galacturonic acid residues. Taking an in vitro approach it was found a) that PE activity was stable at 0oC while PG activity decreased; b) incubating the calcium pectate fraction of the cell wall with PE extracted from peaches caused the polymers to form a gel characteristic of the visual woolly symptoms in peaches. 2. That continued cell wall synthesis occurs during storage and contributes to structural changes i cell walls and improper dissolution and softening after storage. We tried to adapt our technique of adding 13C-glucose to fruit discs, which was used successfully to follow cell wall synthesis during tomato ripening. However, the difference in sugar content between the two fruits (4% in tomato and 12% in peach) meant that the 13C-glucose was much more diluted within the general metabolite pool. We were unable to see any cell wall synthesis which meant that either the dilution factor was too great, or that synthesis was not occurring. 3. That controlled atmosphere (CA) prevents woolliness by lowering all enzyme activities. CA was found to greatly reduce mRNA abundance of the cell wall enzymes compared to regular air storage. However, their synthesis and activity recovered during ripening after CA storage and did not after regular air storage. Therefore, CA prevented the inhibition of enzyme activation found in regular air storage. 4. That changes in cell wall turgor and membrane function are important events in the development of woolliness. Using a micro pressure probe, turgor was measured in cells of individual 'O'Henry' and 'CalRed' peaches which were woolly or healthy. The relationship between firmness and turgor was the same in both fruit conditions. These data indicate that the development and expression of woolliness are not associated with differences in membrane function, at least with regard to the factors that determine cell turgor pressure. In addition, during the period of the grant additional areas were explored. Encoglucanase, and enzyme metabolizing hemicellulose, was found to be highly expressed air stored, but not in unstored or CA stored fruit. Activity gels showed higher activity in air stored fruit as well. This is the first indication that other components of the cell wall may be involved in woolliness. The role of ethylene in woolliness development was also investigated at it was found a) that woolly fruits had decreased ability to produce ethylene, b) storing fruits in the presence of ethylene delayed the appearance of woolliness. This latter finding has implication for an inexpensive strategy for storing peaches and nectarines.

Shomer, Ilan, Louise Wicker, Uzi Merin, and William L. Kerr. Interactions of Cloud Proteins, Pectins and Pectinesterases in Flocculation of Citrus Cloud. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580669.bard.

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The overall objective was to understand the cloud flocculation of citrus juice by characterization of the interactions between proteins and pectins, and to determine the role of PE isozymes in catalyzing this phenomenon. Specific objectives were to: 1. identify/characterize cloud-proteins in relation to their coagulable properties and affinity to pectins; 2. to determine structural changes of PME and other proteins induced by cation/pectin interactions; 3. localize cloud proteins, PME and bound protein/pectates in unheated and pasteurized juices; 4. to create "sensitized" pectins and determine their effect on clarification. The original objectives were not changed but the methods and approach were modified due to specific research requirements. Two i postulates were: 1. there is a specific interaction of cloud proteins with de-esterified regions of ! pectin and this contributes to cloud loss; 2. isozymes of pectin-methyl-esterase (PME) vary in efficiency to create sensitized pectins. The appearance of citrus fruit juice is an important quality factor and is determined by the color and turbidity that .are conferred by the suspended particles, i.e., by the cloud and its homogeneity. Under some circumstances the cloud tend to flocculate and the juice clarifies. The accepted approach to explain the clarification is based on pectin demethoxylation by PME that promotes formation of Ca-pectate. Therefore, the juice includes immediate heat-inactivation upon ~ squeezing. Protein coagulation also promotes cloud instability of citrus fruit extracts. However, the clarification mechanism is not fully understood. Information accumulated from several laboratories indicates that clarification is a more complex process than can be explained by a single mechanism. The increasing trend to consume natural-fresh juice emphasizing the importance of the knowledge to assure homogeneity of fresh juice. The research included complementary directions: Conditions that induce cloud-instability of natural- juice [IL]. Evaluate purification schemes of protein [USA]. Identifications of proteins, pectin and neutral sugars ([IL]; Structure of the cloud components using light and electron microscopy and immuno-labeling of PME, high-methoxyl-pectin (HMP) and low-methoxyl-pectin (LMP); Molecular weight of calcium sensitized pectins [US]; Evaluation of the products of PME activity [US]. Fractions and size distribution and cloud components [IL-US]. The optimal pH activity of PME is 7 and the flocculation pH of the cloud is 3-4. Thus, the c roles of PME, proteins and pectins in the cloud instability, were studied in pH ranges of 2- 7. The experiments led to establish firstly repeatable simulate conditions for cloud instability [IL]. Thermostable PME (TS-PE) known to induce cloud instability, but also thermolabile forms of PME (TL-PE) caused clarification, most likely due to the formation and dissolution of inactive :. PE-pectin complexes and displacement of a protective colloid from the cloud surface [US]. Furthermore, elimination of non-PME protein increases TS-PE activity, indicating that non-PME proteins moderate PME activity [US]. Other experiments Concomitantly with the study of the PME activity but promotes the association of cloud-proteins to pectin. Adjusting of the juice pH to f 7 retains the cloud stability and re-adjusting of the pH to 40% DE reacts to immuno-labeling in the cloud fragments, whereas

Carpita, Nicholas C., Ruth Ben-Arie, and Amnon Lers. Pectin Cross-Linking Dynamics and Wall Softening during Fruit Ripening. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585197.bard.

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Our study was designed to elucidate the chemical determinants of pectin cross-linking in developing fruits of apple and peach and to evaluate the role of breakage cross-linkages in swelling, softening, and cell separation during the ripening. Peaches cell walls soften and swell considerably during the ripening, whereas apples fruit cells maintain wall firmness but cells separate during late stages of ripening. We used a "double-reduction" technique to show that levels of non-methyl esters of polyuronic acid molecules were constant during the development and ripening and decreased only in overripe fruit. In peach, methyl and non-methyl esters increased during the development and decreased markedly during the ripening. Non-methyl ester linkages in both fruit decreased accompanied fruit softening. The identity of the second component of the linkage and its definitive role in the fruit softening remain elusive. In preliminary examination of isolated apples cell walls, we found that phenolic compounds accumulate early in wall development but decrease markedly during ripening. Quantitative texture analysis was used to correlate with changes to wall chemistry from the fresh-picked ripe stage to the stage during storage when the cell separation occurs. Cell wall composition is similar in all cultivars, with arabinose as the principal neutral sugar. Extensive de-branching of these highly branched arabinans pre-stages softening and cell-cell separation during over-ripening of apple. The longer 5-arabinans remain attached to the major pectic polymer rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) backbone. The degree of RG I branching, as judged from the ratios of 2-Rha:2,4-Rha, also decreases, specially after an extensive arabinan de-branching. Loss of the 4-Rham linkages correlated strongly with the softening of the fruit. Loss of the monomer or polymer linked to the RG I produce directly or indirectly the softening of the fruit. This result will help to understand the fruit softening and to have better control of the textural changes in fruit during the ripening and especially during the storage. 'Wooliness', an undesirable mealy texture that is induced during chilling of some peach cultivars, greatly reduces the fruit storage possibilities. In order to examine the hypothesis that the basis for this disorder is related to abnormality in the cell wall softening process we have carried out a comparative analysis using the resistant cultivar, Sunsnow, and a sensitive one, Hermosa. We investigated the activity of several pectin- and glycan-modifying enzymes and the expression of their genes during ripening, chilling, and subsequent shelf-life. The changes in carbohydrate status and in methyl vs. non-methyl uronate ester levels in the walls of these cultivars were examined as well to provide a basis for comparison of the relevant gene expression that may impact appearance of the wooly character. The activities of the specific polygalacturonase (PGase) and a CMC-cellulase activities are significantly elevated in walls of peaches that have become wooly. Cellulase activities correlated well with increased level of the transcript, but differential expression of PGase did not correspond with the observed pattern of mRNA accumulation. When expression of ethylene biosynthesis related genes was followed no significant differences in ACC synthase gene expression was observed in the wooly fruit while the normal activation of the ACC oxidase was partially repressed in the Hermosa wooly fruits. Normal ripening-related loss of the uronic acid-rich polymers was stalled in the wooly Hermosa inconsistent with the observed elevation in a specific PGase activity but consistent with PG gene expression. In general, analysis of the level of total esterification, degree of methyl esterification and level of non-methyl esters did not reveal any major alterations between the different fruit varieties or between normal and abnormal ripening. Some decrease in the level of uronic acids methyl esterification was observed for both Hermosa and Sunsnow undergoing ripening following storage at low temperature but not in fruits ripening after harvest. Our results support a role for imbalanced cell wall degradation as a basis for the chilling disorder. While these results do not support a role for the imbalance between PG and pectin methyl esterase (PME) activities as the basis for the disorder they suggest a possible role for imbalance between cellulose and other cell wall polymer degradation during the softening process.

Kim, Lauren Nicole, Katherine Brodie, Nicholas Cohn, Sarah Giddings, and Mark Merrifield. Observations of Beach Change and Runup, and the Performance of Empirical Runup Parameterizations during Large Storm Events. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48712.

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Timeseries observations of beach elevation change and wave runup from a tower-mounted stationary lidar assess the skill of 2% runup exceedance (𝑅𝑅2%) estimates during four storm events at Duck, NC. The runup parameterization requires the foreshore beach slope, which generally unknown during high energy events. Pre-storm estimates are often used as a proxy. 𝑅𝑅2% hindcasts use the observed time-varying beach slope and a static pre-storm beach profile, yielding an 𝑅𝑅2% skill of 0.57. The skill drops to −1.0 using seasonal mean beach slopes and reduces after the peak of two storms with the appearance of beach cusps in the swash zone morphology. One storm’s runup is underpredicted by up to 1.0 m at high tides following the storm peak when cusps are present Additional pre- and post-storm mobile lidar surveys for one storm confirm ubiquitous small-scale beach cusps along 8 km of the local shoreline. The results suggest skillful runup estimates are often attainable given the availability of beach information before a storm. The parameterization errors increase when beach cusps develop, highlighting the need to extend standard one-dimensional runup parameterizations to account for two-dimensional effects.