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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Catalogers, Publishers'"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 26 липня 2024

Оновлено: 28 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Catalogers, Publishers'"

1

Nabavi, Majid, and Elmira Karimi. "Metadata Elements for Children in Theory and Practice." KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION 49, no. 6 (2022): 435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2022-6-435.

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Анотація:

This research aimed to investigate the status of children-specific metadata elements in theory (existing literature) and practice (metadata standards and children’s digital libraries). Literature reviews as well as two cases, including children’s online national libraries of Iran, and Singapore, are used to identify children-specific metadata elements and their application. The results revealed that descriptive metadata types had been mentioned more than analytical, social, and relational types; the DCMI metadata standard, besides LOM and ALTO metadata standards, can be used to develop an application profile for children’s library catalogs. Two cases showed that they partially cover children-specific metadata elements, and neither has covered relational metadata elements. A deeper analysis of the children-specific metadata elements suggests that children’s catalogs should be semantic and social. The results of this study can be insightful for children’s book catalogers and children’s book publishers (for marketing purposes).

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2

Beall, Jeffrey. "Publishers' Errors Make Catalogers [sic]: An Analysis of the Error Indicators[sic]and[i.e.]in Cataloging." Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 32, no. 3 (November 2001): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j104v32n03_07.

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3

Hill, George R. "Music Publishers' Catalogs." Notes 64, no. 4 (2008): 830–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/not.0.0009.

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George R. Hill. "Music Publishers’ Catalogs." Notes 65, no. 1 (2008): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/not.0.0052.

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George R. Hill. "Music Publishers' Catalogs." Notes 65, no. 2 (2008): 398–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/not.0.0099.

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George R. Hill. "Music Publishers' Catalogs." Notes 65, no. 3 (2009): 589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/not.0.0135.

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George R. Hill. "Music Publishers’ Catalogs." Notes 65, no. 4 (2009): 869–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/not.0.0153.

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George R. Hill. "Music Publishers’ Catalogs." Notes 66, no. 1 (2009): 182–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/not.0.0228.

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9

George R. Hill. "Music Publishers’ Catalogs." Notes 66, no. 2 (2009): 416–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/not.0.0250.

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George R. Hill. "Music Publishers' Catalogs." Notes 66, no. 3 (2010): 667–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/not.0.0272.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Catalogers, Publishers'"

1

Press, UBC. "UBC Press catalogue. Fall winter 2002." UBC Press, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/488.

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2

Press, UBC. "UBC Press catalogue. Fall winter 2003." UBC Press, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/489.

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3

Press, UBC. "UBC Press catalogue. Fall winter 2004." UBC Press, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/490.

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4

Press, UBC. "UBC Press catalogue. Fall winter 2005." UBC Press, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/491.

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5

Press, UBC. "UBC Press catalogue. Fall winter 2006." UBC Press, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/492.

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6

Press, UBC. "UBC Press catalogue. Fall 2007." UBC Press, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/493.

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7

Press, UBC. "UBC Press catalogue. Spring summer 2003." UBC Press, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/507.

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Press, UBC. "UBC Press catalogue. Spring summer 2004." UBC Press, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/508.

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9

Press, UBC. "UBC Press catalogue. Spring summer 2005." UBC Press, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/509.

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Press, UBC. "UBC Press catalogue. Spring summer 2006." UBC Press, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/510.

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Книги з теми "Catalogers, Publishers'"

1

Gorissen, Götz Gunnar. Fünfundzwanzig Jahre Berliner Handpresse, (1961-1986). Berlin: Berliner Handpresse, 1986.

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2

Association, Music Library. Music publishers' catalogs. Washington, D.C: Library of Congress Preservation Microfilming Program, 1987.

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3

Labut̓ová, Jindřiška. Kruh, 1967-1992: Bibliografie nakladatelství Kruh v Hradci Králové se vzpomínkovou koláží Jana Dvořáka Letokruhy. Hradec Králové: Státní vědecká knihovna v Hradcí Králové, 1996.

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4

Jansz, Broer. The Catalogus universalis: A facsimile edition of the Dutch booktrade catalogues. Utrecht: H&S Publishers, 1986.

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5

editore, Rizzoli. Listino delle disponibilità. Milano: RCS, Rizzoli libri, 1990.

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6

(Publisher), Gallimard Jeunesse, ed. Guide des livres pour les enfants à l'usage des parents. [Paris]: Gallimard Jeunesse, 1997.

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7

Company, Carswell, and Carswell Company. Carswell & Co.'s catalogue of new law books with brief titles, all latest editions arranged in alphabetical order of subjects with an alphabetical list of authors' names - Canadian, English and American. Toronto: [Carswell & Co.], 1993.

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8

Kaisha, Kyōritsu Shuppan Kabushiki, ed. Kyōritsu Shuppan rokujūnenshi. Tōkyō: Kyōritsu Shuppan Kabushiki Kaisha, 1986.

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9

Bossange, Morel & Cie., ed. En vente chez Bossange, Morel & cie à Québec, 12, rue Buade, vis-a-vis le presbytère. [S.l: s.n., 1986.

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10

bibliografico, Arengario studio, ed. Catalogus: Catalogo dei cataloghi dell'Arengario S.B. Gussago: Edizioni dell'Arengario, 2020.

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Частини книг з теми "Catalogers, Publishers'"

1

Murphy, Simon J. "Kepler Catalogues and Published Case Studies." In Springer Theses, 163–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09417-5_5.

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2

Adel Rezk, Mohamed, Adegboyega Ojo, and Islam A. Hassan. "Mining Governmental Collaboration Through Semantic Profiling of Open Data Catalogues and Publishers." In Collaboration in a Data-Rich World, 253–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65151-4_24.

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3

Tolonen, Mikko, Mark J. Hill, Ali Zeeshan Ijaz, Ville Vaara, and Leo Lahti. "Examining the Early Modern Canon: The English Short Title Catalogue and Large-Scale Patterns of Cultural Production." In Data Visualization in Enlightenment Literature and Culture, 63–119. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54913-8_3.

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Анотація:

AbstractThis chapter presents the findings of an ongoing digital project of the Helsinki Computational History Group at Helsinki Centre for Digital Humanities (HELDIG) focused on the history of eighteenth-century book publication. The authors have created a historical-biographical database based on The English Short-Title Catalogue (ESTC), a standard source for analytical bibliographic research, and extracted a data-driven canon which considers changes over time, subject-topics, top-works, authors, publishers, publication place, and materiality. This chapter provides both methodological and historical insights into the development of print and demonstrates the huge analytical potential of harmonized metadata catalogs. While quantitative analyses of the book trade were attempted before, they did not engage with the complex process of canon formation at such a large scale. The authors’ work highlights the formative role played by publishers in this process and the epistemological shift started at the end of the seventeenth century, when religious works were increasingly replaced by literary works. As the authors argue, this shift in the production and consumption of print allowed for a reinvention of the canon during the eighteenth century.

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4

Atkinson, David. "11. Street Literature and Cheap Fiction." In Cheap Print and Street Literature of the Long Eighteenth Century, 321–46. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0347.11.

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The increasing prominence of the Scottish-printed chapbook is contextualized within the broader theme of the spread of printing and slowly rising literacy rates within Scotland. More importantly for current research trends, some issues relating to the applicability of the concepts of popular culture and mentalité are raised, and the provisional answers appear less straightforward and more subtle than they might immediately appear to be. The major difficulties in estimating the output of Scottish-printed chapbooks are identified: some relate to the very definition of ‘chapbook’, while others relate to the existence and quality of catalogues and lists. Nevertheless, a tentative estimate of at least 1,200 chapbook editions published between 1780 and 1800 is proffered. The chapter shows that there remains a considerable amount to be learned from a close examination of religious chapbooks and their relationships with chapbooks on other themes. Concluding remarks comment on the antipathy towards chapbooks that had gained ground in some quarters by the early nineteenth century.

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5

O’Connell, Sheila. "3. Pictures on the Street: Cheap Pictorial Prints in Eighteenth-Century Britain." In Cheap Print and Street Literature of the Long Eighteenth Century, 53–76. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0347.03.

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This chapter discusses the range of printed images that would have been familiar during the eighteenth century to people at all levels of society in towns and to a lesser extent in rural areas. These everyday prints ranged from early examples of advertising to grim depictions of the condemned sold at public executions; from moralizing broadsides to cheap patriotic portraits of the royal family and military leaders. Like other commodities sold in large numbers for small sums, they were not valued at the time and so are now rare. Catalogues published in the 1750s and 1760s list hundreds of titles, often repeated in prints of different sizes, or as etchings as well as more traditional woodcuts. New images appeared regularly, but older prints, still satisfying an undemanding market were reissued from cracked and worm-eaten woodblocks or worn-out copper-plates. By the beginning of the nineteenth century technological developments introduced changes in technique and style, and reduced the cost of production, but the subject matter of cheap pictorial prints remained largely unchanged.

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6

Guinot-Ferri, Laura. "The Production and Circulation of Literature for Women Between Europe and America: A Perspective from the Hispanic-American World." In Gender and Cultural Mediation in the Long Eighteenth Century, 315–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46939-8_13.

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AbstractThis essay aims to analyse how literature “for women” and the image of the ideal female reader were shaped in the eighteenth century by focusing on relations between Spain and colonial Latin America and comparing them with the situation elsewhere in Europe. The tendency has been to adopt a “national approach” to the study of women as potential readers and moral subjects with little regard for the similarities and differences between disparate geographical spaces. To overcome these limitations, this essay will apply a comparative and transnational perspective. I shall set out a general overview of works addressed to women in Spain and New Spain that were published or translated in the second half of the eighteenth century, paying particular attention to the transatlantic circulation of this kind of literature. By drawing on a variety of sources, such as newspaper advertisements and bibliographic catalogues relating to book production in America and Spain, I shall present a dynamic vision of the complex relationship between gender and reading, one that belies any simplistic and increasingly outdated assertions of Hispanic and Iberian backwardness in comparison with the rest of Europe during the Enlightenment.

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7

Page, Joanna. "5. Albums, Atlases, and their Afterlives." In Decolonial Ecologies, 163–200. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0339.05.

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Анотація:

The first part of this chapter discusses art projects that intervene directly into the books and other materials created by travelling European naturalists of the later colonial period, whose conception of nature has so thoroughly shaped representations of Latin America’s landscapes. I explore projects by Rodrigo Arteaga (Chile), Antonio Bermúdez (Colombia), Claudia Coca (Peru), Tiago Sant’ana (Brazil), Oscar Santillán (Ecuador) and others that stage material interventions or performances in relation to the printed images, atlases, albums and catalogues that recorded the findings of scientific expeditions in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. As well as combating the particular images of Latin America forged in these works, these artists reflect more broadly on the affordances of different material technologies—such as printing, engravings and the book—used to create and disseminate knowledge. The second part of the chapter brings together projects that engage with the scientific, commercial and artistic afterlives of the iconic images that emerged from Humboldt’s journey across the Americas (1799–1804). Bermúdez demonstrates how Humboldt’s images of Latin American landscapes—such as the famous views of the Chimborazo—live on through different kinds of cultural mediation and commercial accumulation. The relationship between Humboldt’s science and extractivism in Latin America, suggested in a poetic mode by Santillán, is explicitly developed in the expansive Archivo Humboldt (2011–), a set of performances, documentation, and (mock) archives created by Fabiano Kueva (Ecuador). These remediations and re-enactments recuperate archives of all kinds for decolonial purposes, reworking them in ways that decentre the ocularcentric, logocentric bias of Western modernity while exploring the power of published words and images to represent the colonial other.

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8

Weeks, John M. "Published Catalogs of Specialized Libraries." In Introduction to Library Research in Anthropology, 40–52. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429044069-5.

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Pereira, Arnaldo, João Rafael Almeida, Rui Pedro Lopes, Alejandro Pazos, and José Luís Oliveira. "Discovery of Biomedical Databases Through Semantic Questioning." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti220535.

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Анотація:

Many clinical studies are greatly dependent on an efficient identification of relevant datasets. This selection can be performed in existing health data catalogues, by searching for available metadata. The search process can be optimised through questioning-answering interfaces, to help researchers explore the available data present. However, when searching the distinct catalogues the lack of metadata harmonisation imposes a few bottlenecks. This paper presents a methodology to allow semantic search over several biomedical database catalogues, by extracting the information using a shared domain knowledge. The resulting pipeline allows the converted data to be published as FAIR endpoints, and it provides an end-user interface that accepts natural language questions.

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10

Blom, Helwi. "Philosophie or Commerce? Classification Systems in Eighteenth-Century French Private Library Catalogues." In Publishers, Censors and Collectors in the European Book Trade, 1650–1750, 263–89. BRILL, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004691940_012.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Catalogers, Publishers'"

1

Jo'raboyev, Otabek. "ZAHIRAD-DIN MUHAMMAD BABUR'S WORKS IN THE WORLD MANUSCRIPT FUNDS." In The Impact of Zahir Ad-Din Muhammad Bobur’s Literary Legacy on the Advancement of Eastern Statehood and Culture. Alisher Navoi' Tashkent state university of Uzbek language and literature, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52773/bobur.conf.2023.25.09/fvyn5213.

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The scientific problem posed in the article is the distribution of manuscripts of the works of Zahirad-Din Muhammad Babur around the world, their number, current state and from what aspects they are studied. Goals and objectives have completed and comprehensive information about the scientific and literary heritage of this great creator, including his manuscripts, and, if necessary, to promote the idea of creating a database. Based on the foregoing, this article talks about the number of manuscripts of the works of Zahirad-Din Muhammad Babur in the book funds of Uzbekistan and the world. And also, their storage locations, scientific descriptions and published catalogs. The exact number, status and scientific descriptions of manuscripts of Babur's works in world book collections are discussed. It was also emphasized that a complete comparative text should be created by comparing copies of the manuscripts of his divan and “Aruz risolasi”.

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2

Kopena, Joseph B., Christopher D. Cera, and William C. Regli. "Conceptual Design Knowledge Management and the Semantic Web." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85310.

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Анотація:

The early stages of engineering design are critical, as the decisions made at this point have the most impact on the final product. However, little software is available to support engineers during the initial, conceptual design phase. In addition, at this and all other stages of design, engineers are increasingly tasked with utilizing unwieldy collections of data such as databases of legacy designs and catalogs. This work addresses both of these issues. A conceptual design interface with several advancements crucial to industrial deployment is developed and used to aid design. Among these are provisions for real-time collaboration and security. A representation of mechanical devices based on intended function is developed and used by the conceptual design interface to capture design semantics. This representation is defined using a description logic, enabling automated reasoning. The descriptions created using the conceptual design interface can thus be employed to annotate designs, create search queries, and to organize collections of designs. Further, this work incorporates Semantic Web technology, enabling conceptual design knowledge to be published and accessed effectively on the World Wide Web. New applications of design repositories are made possible by this but new issues must be investigated and addressed, as discussed here.

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3

Toptun, V., I. Chilingarian, K. Grishin, I. Katkov, I. Zolotukhin, V. Goradzhanov, M. Demianenko, and I. Kuzmun. "Confirmation of intermediate-mass black holes candidates with x-ray observations." In ASTRONOMY AT THE EPOCH OF MULTIMESSENGER STUDIES. Proceedings of the VAK-2021 conference, Aug 23–28, 2021. Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51194/vak2021.2022.1.1.117.

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The origin of supermassive black holes (SMBH) in galaxy centers still remains uncertain. There are two possible ways oftheir formation — from massive (10 5 − 10 6 M ⊙ ) and low-mass (100 M ⊙ ) BH nuclei. The latter scenario should leave behinda large number of intermediate mass black holes (IMBH, 10 2 − 10 5 M ⊙ ). The largest published sample of bona-ﬁde IMBH-powered AGN contains 10 objects conﬁrmed in X-ray. Here we present a new sample of 15 bona-ﬁde IMBHs, obtainedby conﬁrming the optically selected IMBH candidates by the presence of radiation from the galactic nucleus in the X-rayrange, which increases the number of conﬁrmed IMBHs at the centers of galaxies by 2.5 times. In the same way, 99 blackholes with masses of 2 · 10 5 − 10 6 M ⊙ were conﬁrmed. The sources of X-ray data were publicly available catalogs, archivesof data, and our own observations on XMM-Newton, Chandra and Swift. The Eddington coeﬃcients for 30% of the objectsfrom both samples turned out to be close to critical, from 0.5 to 1, which is an unusually high fraction. Also for the ﬁrsttime for light-weight SMBH the correlations between the luminosity in the [OIII] emission line or the broad component ofthe Hα line and the luminosity in the X-ray range were plotted.

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4

Zorić, Vojkan, and Vesna Petrović. "DETERMINATION OF FORGERY PAINTINGS IN THE WATERCOLOR TECHNIQUE - CASE STUDY." In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.3.7.22.p03.

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Анотація:

Taking into account the previously published material on the work with dubious paintings made with oil on canvas technique, the paper presents a way to determine the originality of an artistic painting made with the watercolor technique. Determining the authenticity of a work of art is a very complex process, especially with the watercolor technique, due to the small amount of paint, as well as the non-existence of the canvas in the base. In the absence of a certificate of authenticity or description in museum inventory or catalogs, art historians cannot determine the originality of a suspicious work of art without conducting a forensic analysis. For this purpose, forensic scientists and forensic experts use the following laboratory methods: X-rays that detect the presence of a sketch or image below the surface), spectroscopic analysis of materials by infrared rays (FT-IR, highlights changes in asymmetric vibrations of material molecules), stereomicroscopic analysis of painted surfaces luminescent source and/or polarizing additive), physical analysis of color layers by a directed beam of light directly or through different filters, analysis using ultraviolet (UV) rays, as well as analysis by Raman spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy that highlights vibrations that are symmetrical to the center of symmetry of molecules). The paper presents a real case study of the forgery of the artistic painting of the English sculptor Henry Moore, made using watercolor and graffiti techniques, from 1937. Keywords: Art painting, Forensics, Laboratory analysis, forgery, aquarelle technique

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5

Larouk, Omar, and Marina Garanovich. "MOOC CONTENT ASSESSMENT: ANALYSIS OF LIBRARY PRODUCTS AND PARTICIPATORY SERVICES IN MOOCS." In eLSE 2020. University Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-20-014.

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Among the pedagogical innovations of recent years, MOOCs are a significant phenomenon in the academic world, via digital learning platforms. The new free courses published on the web are diverse academic content. These supports are qualified as MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses) playing the role of providers of documentary knowledge like libraries. The support and support systems offered to MOOC registrants are difficult to design due to their wide opening to the public. Nevertheless, the hoped-for goal is to generate collaboration between the learner and the producer of knowledge, through the communication of content and the personalization of services. With a variety of interfaces, we will evaluate the devices of certain MOOCs to understand the attachment or not of academic uses. We will compare the different services offered to users (students, academics, etc.) by MOOCs such as: MIT, OpenCourseWare, COURSERA and FUN-MOOC in comparison with the library catalogs of the worldCat.org type. We use content assessment techniques from digital MOOC platforms to determine the specifics of the information services contained in these MOOCs. We will highlight characteristics common to the MOOCs studied while highlighting the specificities of each of them, which will have an impact on the aid to be considered. An evaluation of information services, library services, participation services and information retrieval is provided in this article. We will focus our evaluation on the macro-criteria as essential: - personalized access services, library services, participatory services (social networks, etc.), and reference services linked to documentary products. We compare the highlights by focusing on the positive and negative points in relation to these qualification criteria

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6

Wettstein, Hans E. "How Is a Correct GT Combustor Heat Balance Established?" In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14235.

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Abstract The heat balance of gas turbine (GT) combustors is used for determining the average Combustor Exit Temperature (CET). It is important for designing the hot parts in this area. Sensor measurements of the CET are nearly impossible due to its high level up to above 1700°C. Therefore it is typically evaluated based on a 1-D cycle calculation, in which the combustor receives compressed air and fuel and it discharges the hot combustion gas at the temperature CET. In the classic approach the fuel heat received in the combustor is evaluated based on the lower heating value (LHV) of the fuel and after the complete combustion the mixture of excess air and combustion products leaves the combustor at the temperature CET, which is calculated based on its specific enthalpy function. So far so simple but this is tricky. The reaction energy is not the LHV but the higher heating value HHV, which includes additionally the discharged energy for condensing the combustion water at ambient temperature. The total heat comes into the flue-gas in the combustor, which is designed for a combustion efficiency of typically 99%+. There is no significant downstream reaction known, which could add the missing difference of HHV-LHV. In GT based power stations condensation is mostly avoided by sufficiently high stack temperature. For methane as a fuel the HHV is around 11% higher than the LHV. Thus the CET derived with the LHV for a given fuel mass flow rate may be underestimated. The method comparison shown below indicates values around 10K. This is a “grey” issue. The intention of this paper is an attempt to understand this practice both technically and historically. Gas turbine catalogues indicate performance data based on burning pure methane. This may have its historic roots in the fact that methane (only Methane, not higher hydrocarbons) burns with oxygen without a change of the specific volume. This simplified the cycle calculation in the sense that combustion could be modelled by adding the LHV to air and methane (assuming an equal temperature) and by calculating the expansion of air and methane separately (corresponding to mixed if no chemical reaction due to the high temperature is assumed) but with the same polytropic efficiency. At ambient temperature this fuel-air mixture is still gaseous and therefore the heat balance of the GT matches exactly with the LHV (used before in the combustor heat balance) because there is no condensation issue. Another feature of the air may compensate the CET mistake partly when using the LHV. It is the effect of dissociation. This increases the specific heat and therefore reduces the calculated CET. In the older time the used specific heat function of air did not include the dissociation effect while nowadays it is mostly included assuming chemical equilibrium. In this paper the good match of a cycle calculation considering the HHV and dissociation with published OEM data will be demonstrated. Indeed this method contradicts existing standards and practices and a further discussion considering the evidence shown below is welcome. In its current development state it allows considering any fuel defined only by the HHV and by its composition with hydrogen to carbon ratio by mass. Additionally it also allows considering high fogging with water injection rates up to several mass % of the air inlet flow rate.

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Kubo, Yoshito, and Osamu Sato. "Differences in processes and outcomes between starting from in-house industrial designers and starting from R and D engineers in design-driven innovation." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002558.

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This research aims to clarify the differences in development processes, new product outlines, and post-launch results between two cases of design-driven innovation (DDI), one starting from industrial designers and the other starting from engineers.SignificanceThe importance of design for gaining a competitive advantage is well documented in many countries with a strong tradition of industrial design, such as Italy, Sweden, and Japan. The DDI concept proposed by Roberto Verganti has been developed based on the analysis of more than 50 case studies, mainly from the manufacturing industry. However, while several studies have been published on the practical process of DDI, there are still few empirical studies that focus on the differences in the processes and outcomes of DDI when starting from in-house industrial designers and when starting from R&Dengineers.MethodologyThis study adopted a qualitative approach using Yin's methodology and selected two cases related to high-end model electric fans launched by two Japanese electronics companies in the electric fan market, which is a mature market.In both cases, information on the development process was collected mainly through the use of authenticated secondary sources, augmented in part by direct interviews. On the other hand, the overviews of the new products were based on the product catalogs, and the post-launch results were analyzed based on POS data.Findings/Discussion of resultsNew product development related to the DDI process includes the following stages: design research, idea generation, concept design, product planning, legal protection (patents, etc.), detail design, prototype manufacturing, testing, and production.In the two cases, the in-house designers play a strategic role in the product planning stage, but the main role of idea generation is different. In the case where idea generation was led by the in-house designers, the appearance of the conventional electric fan was retained, but incremental innovation through modularization was achieved. On the other hand, in the case where the ideas were generated by engineers in the R&Ddepartment, a different technology was adopted for the air blowing mechanism, resulting in newness in terms of appearance and product concept.Both models won the Good Design Award and succeeded in establishing a new domain of high-end electric fans in a mature market. The products originating from in-house industrial designers could only increase the number of fan blades in order to compete with other companies' products in subsequent product development. In contrast, the design by R&Dengineers achieved less-than-satisfactory results in terms of sales due to the newness of its design, but it had a positive impact on the company's subsequent product development and business expansion by applying the adopted technology to products other than electric fans. As a result of this study's considerations, it was found that differences occur in the development processes, new product outlines, and post-launch results when the originators are in-house industrial designers and when they are engineers.Originality/valueThis novel qualitative study will advance the accumulation of DDI process research related to new product development and provide suggestions on how to effectively manage and utilize in-house industrial designers and engineers to ensure successful DDI and its outcomes.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Catalogers, Publishers'"

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Tipton, Kelley, Brian F. Leas, Nikhil K. Mull, Shazia M. Siddique, S. Ryan Greysen, Meghan B. Lane-Fall, and Amy Y. Tsou. Interventions To Decrease Hospital Length of Stay. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb40.

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Background. Timely discharge of hospitalized patients can prevent patient harm, improve patient satisfaction and quality of life, and reduce costs. Numerous strategies have been tested to improve the efficiency and safety of patient recovery and discharge, but hospitals continue to face challenges. Purpose. This Technical Brief aimed to identify and synthesize current knowledge and emerging concepts regarding systematic strategies that hospitals and health systems can implement to reduce length of stay (LOS), with emphasis on medically complex or vulnerable patients at high risk for prolonged LOS due to clinical, social, or economic barriers to timely discharge. Methods. We conducted a structured search for published and unpublished studies and conducted interviews with Key Informants representing vulnerable patients, hospitals, health systems, and clinicians. The interviews provided guidance on our research protocol, search strategy, and analysis. Due to the large and diverse evidence base, we limited our evaluation to systematic reviews of interventions to decrease hospital LOS for patients at potentially higher risk for delayed discharge; primary research studies were not included, and searches were restricted to reviews published since 2010. We cataloged the characteristics of relevant interventions and assessed evidence of their effectiveness. Findings. Our searches yielded 4,364 potential studies. After screening, we included 19 systematic reviews reported in 20 articles. The reviews described eight strategies for reducing LOS: discharge planning; geriatric assessment or consultation; medication management; clinical pathways; inter- or multidisciplinary care; case management; hospitalist services; and telehealth. All reviews included adult patients, and two reviews also included children. Interventions were frequently designed for older (often frail) patients or patients with chronic illness. One review included pregnant women at high risk for premature delivery. No reviews focused on factors linking patient vulnerability with social determinants of health. The reviews reported few details about hospital setting, context, or resources associated with the interventions studied. Evidence for effectiveness of interventions was generally not robust and often inconsistent—for example, we identified six reviews of discharge planning; three found no effect on LOS, two found LOS decreased, and one reported an increase. Many reviews also reported patient readmission rates and mortality but with similarly inconsistent results. Conclusions. A broad range of strategies have been employed to reduce LOS, but rigorous systematic reviews have not consistently demonstrated effectiveness within medically complex, high-risk, and vulnerable populations. Health system leaders, researchers, and policymakers must collaborate to address these needs.

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Visser, R., H. Kao, R. M. H. Dokht, A. B. Mahani, and S. Venables. A comprehensive earthquake catalogue for northeastern British Columbia: the northern Montney trend from 2017 to 2020 and the Kiskatinaw Seismic Monitoring and Mitigation Area from 2019 to 2020. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329078.

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To increase our understanding of induced seismicity, we develop and implement methods to enhance seismic monitoring capabilities in northeastern British Columbia (NE BC). We deploy two different machine learning models to identify earthquake phases using waveform data from regional seismic stations and utilize an earthquake database management system to streamline the construction and maintenance of an up-to-date earthquake catalogue. The completion of this study allows for a comprehensive catalogue in NE BC from 2014 to 2020 by building upon our previous 2014-2016 and 2017-2018 catalogues. The bounds of the area where earthquakes were located were between 55.5°N-60.0°N and 119.8°W-123.5°W. The earthquakes in the catalogue were initially detected by machine learning models, then reviewed by an analyst to confirm correct identification, and finally located using the Non-Linear Location (NonLinLoc) algorithm. Two distinct sub-areas within the bounds consider different periods to supplement what was not covered in previously published reports - the Northern Montney Trend (NMT) is covered from 2017 to 2020 while the Kiskatinaw Seismic Monitoring and Mitigation Area (KSMMA) is covered from 2019 to 2020. The two sub-areas are distinguished by the BC Oil & Gas Commission (BCOGC) due to differences in their geographic location and geology. The catalogue was produced by picking arrival phases on continuous seismic waveforms from 51 stations operated by various organizations in the region. A total of 17,908 events passed our quality control criteria and are included in the final catalogue. Comparably, the routine Canadian National Seismograph Network (CNSN) catalogue reports 207 seismic events - all events in the CNSN catalogue are present in our catalogue. Our catalogue benefits from the use of enhanced station coverage and improved methodology. The total number of events in our catalogue in 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020 were 62, 47, 9579 and 8220, respectively. The first two years correspond to seismicity in the NMT where poor station coverage makes it difficult to detect small magnitude events. The magnitude of completeness within the KSMMA (ML = ~0.7) is significantly smaller than that obtained for the NMT (ML = ~1.4). The new catalogue is released with separate files for origins, arrivals, and magnitudes which can be joined using the unique ID assigned to each event.

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Slaughter-Acey, Jaime, Kathryn Behrens, Amy M. Claussen, Timothy Usset, Carrie Neerland, Sameerah Bilal-Roby, Huda Bashir, et al. Social and Structural Determinants of Maternal Morbidity and Mortality: An Evidence Map. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer264.

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Objective. The purpose was to review available evidence of risk factors associated with maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States during the prenatal and postpartum periods to inform a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop: Identifying Risks and Interventions to Optimize Postpartum Health, held November 29–December 1, 2022. Data sources. We searched MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, and the Social Sciences Citation Index through November 2022. Review methods. We searched for observational studies examining exposures related to social and structural determinants of health and at least one health or healthcare-related outcome for pregnant and birthing people. We extracted basic study information and grouped studies by social and structural determinants of health domains and maternal outcomes. We prioritized studies according to study design and rigor of analytic approaches to address selection bias based on the ROBINS-E. We summarize all included studies and provide additional descriptions of direction of association between potential risk exposures and outcomes. Results. We identified 8,378 unique references, with 118 included studies reporting social and structural determinants of health associated with maternal health outcomes. Studies covered risk factors broadly, including identity and discrimination, socioeconomic, violence, trauma, psychological stress, structural/institutional, rural/urban, environment, comorbidities, hospital, and healthcare use factors. However, the risk factors we identified represent only a subset of potential social and structural determinants of interest. We found an unexpectedly large volume of research on violence and trauma relative to other potential exposures of interest for pregnant people. Outcome domains included maternal mortality, severe maternal morbidity, hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, cardio/metabolic disorders, weathering (the physiological effect of premature aging caused by chronic stressful experiences), depression, other mental health or substance use disorders, and cost/healthcare use outcomes. Depression/other mental health outcomes represented a large proportion of medical outcomes captured. Risk of bias was high, and rarely did studies report the excess risk attributable to a specific exposure. Conclusions. Identifying risk factors pregnant and birthing people face is vitally important. Limited depth and quality of available research within each social and structural determinant of health impeded our ability to outline specific pathways, including risk factor interdependence. While more recently published literature showed a trend toward increased rigor, future research can emphasize techniques that estimate the causal impacts of risk factors. Improved reporting in studies, along with organized and curated catalogues of maternal health exposures and their presumed mechanisms, would make it easier to examine exposures in the future. In the longer term, the field could be advanced by datasets designed to more fully capture the data required to robustly examine racism and other social and structural determinants of health, in combination with their intersections and feedback loops with other biologic/medical risk factors.

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Tipton, Kelley, Brian F. Leas, Emilia Flores, Christopher Jepson, Jaya Aysola, Jordana Cohen, Michael Harhay, et al. Impact of Healthcare Algorithms on Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health and Healthcare. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer268.

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Objectives. To examine the evidence on whether and how healthcare algorithms (including algorithm-informed decision tools) exacerbate, perpetuate, or reduce racial and ethnic disparities in access to healthcare, quality of care, and health outcomes, and examine strategies that mitigate racial and ethnic bias in the development and use of algorithms. Data sources. We searched published and grey literature for relevant studies published between January 2011 and February 2023. Based on expert guidance, we determined that earlier articles are unlikely to reflect current algorithms. We also hand-searched reference lists of relevant studies and reviewed suggestions from experts and stakeholders. Review methods. Searches identified 11,500 unique records. Using predefined criteria and dual review, we screened and selected studies to assess one or both Key Questions (KQs): (1) the effect of algorithms on racial and ethnic disparities in health and healthcare outcomes and (2) the effect of strategies or approaches to mitigate racial and ethnic bias in the development, validation, dissemination, and implementation of algorithms. Outcomes of interest included access to healthcare, quality of care, and health outcomes. We assessed studies’ methodologic risk of bias (ROB) using the ROBINS-I tool and piloted an appraisal supplement to assess racial and ethnic equity-related ROB. We completed a narrative synthesis and cataloged study characteristics and outcome data. We also examined four Contextual Questions (CQs) designed to explore the context and capture insights on practical aspects of potential algorithmic bias. CQ 1 examines the problem’s scope within healthcare. CQ 2 describes recently emerging standards and guidance on how racial and ethnic bias can be prevented or mitigated during algorithm development and deployment. CQ 3 explores stakeholder awareness and perspectives about the interaction of algorithms and racial and ethnic disparities in health and healthcare. We addressed these CQs through supplemental literature reviews and conversations with experts and key stakeholders. For CQ 4, we conducted an in-depth analysis of a sample of six algorithms that have not been widely evaluated before in the published literature to better understand how their design and implementation might contribute to disparities. Results. Fifty-eight studies met inclusion criteria, of which three were included for both KQs. One study was a randomized controlled trial, and all others used cohort, pre-post, or modeling approaches. The studies included numerous types of clinical assessments: need for intensive care or high-risk care management; measurement of kidney or lung function; suitability for kidney or lung transplant; risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, lung cancer, prostate cancer, postpartum depression, or opioid misuse; and warfarin dosing. We found evidence suggesting that algorithms may: (a) reduce disparities (i.e., revised Kidney Allocation System, prostate cancer screening tools); (b) perpetuate or exacerbate disparities (e.g., estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] for kidney function measurement, cardiovascular disease risk assessments); and/or (c) have no effect on racial or ethnic disparities. Algorithms for which mitigation strategies were identified are included in KQ 2. We identified six types of strategies often used to mitigate the potential of algorithms to contribute to disparities: removing an input variable; replacing a variable; adding one or more variables; changing or diversifying the racial and ethnic composition of the patient population used to train or validate a model; creating separate algorithms or thresholds for different populations; and modifying the statistical or analytic techniques used by an algorithm. Most mitigation efforts improved proximal outcomes (e.g., algorithmic calibration) for targeted populations, but it is more challenging to infer or extrapolate effects on longer term outcomes, such as racial and ethnic disparities. The scope of racial and ethnic bias related to algorithms and their application is difficult to quantify, but it clearly extends across the spectrum of medicine. Regulatory, professional, and corporate stakeholders are undertaking numerous efforts to develop standards for algorithms, often emphasizing the need for transparency, accountability, and representativeness. Conclusions. Algorithms have been shown to potentially perpetuate, exacerbate, and sometimes reduce racial and ethnic disparities. Disparities were reduced when race and ethnicity were incorporated into an algorithm to intentionally tackle known racial and ethnic disparities in resource allocation (e.g., kidney transplant allocation) or disparities in care (e.g., prostate cancer screening that historically led to Black men receiving more low-yield biopsies). It is important to note that in such cases the rationale for using race and ethnicity was clearly delineated and did not conflate race and ethnicity with ancestry and/or genetic predisposition. However, when algorithms include race and ethnicity without clear rationale, they may perpetuate the incorrect notion that race is a biologic construct and contribute to disparities. Finally, some algorithms may reduce or perpetuate disparities without containing race and ethnicity as an input. Several modeling studies showed that applying algorithms out of context of original development (e.g., illness severity scores used for crisis standards of care) could perpetuate or exacerbate disparities. On the other hand, algorithms may also reduce disparities by standardizing care and reducing opportunities for implicit bias (e.g., Lung Allocation Score for lung transplantation). Several mitigation strategies have been shown to potentially reduce the contribution of algorithms to racial and ethnic disparities. Results of mitigation efforts are highly context specific, relating to unique combinations of algorithm, clinical condition, population, setting, and outcomes. Important future steps include increasing transparency in algorithm development and implementation, increasing diversity of research and leadership teams, engaging diverse patient and community groups in the development to implementation lifecycle, promoting stakeholder awareness (including patients) of potential algorithmic risk, and investing in further research to assess the real-world effect of algorithms on racial and ethnic disparities before widespread implementation.

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