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Статті в журналах з теми "Capteur tracté"
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Ellis, Mark, Richard Wright, Lee Fiorio, and Steven Holloway. "Predicting neighborhood racial change in large US metropolitan areas, 1990–2010." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 45, no. 6 (December 8, 2017): 1022–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808317744558.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Neighborhoods in US metropolitan areas experienced dramatic changes in racial composition during the 1990s and again during the 2000s. We ask to what extent does the recent period of neighborhood racial change reflect an extension of the local processes operative in the 1990s, processes characteristic of large metropolitan areas or the nation more generally, or reflect new dynamics. After classifying neighborhoods in US metropolitan areas into different types based on their racial composition and having harmonized a set of tracts to consistent boundaries, we use metropolitan-scale tract transition matrices from the 1990s to predict changes in neighborhood racial mix between 2000 and 2010. To capture scale effects, we repeat this using a set of pooled metropolitan-scale tract transition matrices and again using a national tract transition matrix. We show that the main dynamic at work across the metropolitan system is the underprediction of moderately diverse white majority tracts: i.e., in the 2000s, the rate of increase in the racial diversity of white majority tracts that transitioned from being predominantly white to moderately diverse was much higher than expected based on 1990s trends. In some metropolitan areas, shares of moderately diverse white tracts in 2010 are anticipated by their 1990s neighborhood dynamics, suggesting temporal stability and a locational specificity in these processes. Others experience a temporal rupture in these dynamics, and their moderately diverse white tract share is better anticipated by pooling transition information. The study also invites us to think about the nature of residential change currently taking place that we can capture in 2020 census data.
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Forkel, Stephanie J., Patrick Friedrich, Michel Thiebaut de Schotten, and Henrietta Howells. "White matter variability, cognition, and disorders: a systematic review." Brain Structure and Function 227, no. 2 (November 3, 2021): 529–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-021-02382-w.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractInter-individual differences can inform treatment procedures and—if accounted for—have the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes. However, when studying brain anatomy, these inter-individual variations are commonly unaccounted for, despite reports of differences in gross anatomical features, cross-sectional, and connectional anatomy. Brain connections are essential to facilitate functional organization and, when severed, cause impairments or complete loss of function. Hence, the study of cerebral white matter may be an ideal compromise to capture inter-individual variability in structure and function. We reviewed the wealth of studies that associate cognitive functions and clinical symptoms with individual tracts using diffusion tractography. Our systematic review indicates that tractography has proven to be a sensitive method in neurology, psychiatry, and healthy populations to identify variability and its functional correlates. However, the literature may be biased, as the most commonly studied tracts are not necessarily those with the highest sensitivity to cognitive functions and pathologies. Additionally, the hemisphere of the studied tract is often unreported, thus neglecting functional laterality and asymmetries. Finally, we demonstrate that tracts, as we define them, are not correlated with one, but multiple cognitive domains or pathologies. While our systematic review identified some methodological caveats, it also suggests that tract–function correlations might still be a promising tool in identifying biomarkers for precision medicine. They can characterize variations in brain anatomy, differences in functional organization, and predicts resilience and recovery in patients.
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De Luca, Alberto, Hugo Kuijf, Lieza Exalto, Michel Thiebaut de Schotten, Geert-Jan Biessels, E. van den Berg, G. J. Biessels, et al. "Multimodal tract-based MRI metrics outperform whole brain markers in determining cognitive impact of small vessel disease-related brain injury." Brain Structure and Function 227, no. 7 (August 22, 2022): 2553–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-022-02546-2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD), whole brain MRI markers of cSVD-related brain injury explain limited variance to support individualized prediction. Here, we investigate whether considering abnormalities in brain tracts by integrating multimodal metrics from diffusion MRI (dMRI) and structural MRI (sMRI), can better capture cognitive performance in cSVD patients than established approaches based on whole brain markers. We selected 102 patients (73.7 ± 10.2 years old, 59 males) with MRI-visible SVD lesions and both sMRI and dMRI. Conventional linear models using demographics and established whole brain markers were used as benchmark of predicting individual cognitive scores. Multi-modal metrics of 73 major brain tracts were derived from dMRI and sMRI, and used together with established markers as input of a feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN) to predict individual cognitive scores. A feature selection strategy was implemented to reduce the risk of overfitting. Prediction was performed with leave-one-out cross-validation and evaluated with the R2 of the correlation between measured and predicted cognitive scores. Linear models predicted memory and processing speed with R2 = 0.26 and R2 = 0.38, respectively. With ANN, feature selection resulted in 13 tract-specific metrics and 5 whole brain markers for predicting processing speed, and 28 tract-specific metrics and 4 whole brain markers for predicting memory. Leave-one-out ANN prediction with the selected features achieved R2 = 0.49 and R2 = 0.40 for processing speed and memory, respectively. Our results show proof-of-concept that combining tract-specific multimodal MRI metrics can improve the prediction of cognitive performance in cSVD by leveraging tract-specific multi-modal metrics.
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Macías Quintero, Juan Ignacio. "Comentarios sobre el patrón de asentamiento en el valle del Río Verde-San Pedro (Aguascalientes) durante el Epiclásico." Revista Trace, no. 59 (July 5, 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.59.2011.323.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Este trabajo presenta los resultados de un primer estudio sobre la distribución de los asentamientos prehispánicos del valle del Río Verde-San Pedro (Aguascalientes). Las investigaciones dieron como resultado un inventario de 24 asentamientos, cuyos datos fueron incorporados a un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG). Con la captura de variables en el SIG se pudieron establecer distinciones preliminares sobre el grado de jerarquía e integración entre estos asentamientos. Se espera que los resultados de estos estudios contribuyan a la discusión de los diferentes ritmos de crecimiento e interacción que pudieron tener las sociedades del septentrión mesoamericano durante el Epiclásico.Abstract: In this paper we show the results from an initial study on the distribution of pre-Hispanic settlements in the landscape of the Río Verde-San Pedro Basin, Aguascalientes. The investigations resulted in an inventory of 24 settlements whose data were incorporated into a Geographic Information System (GIS). With the capture of variables in the GIS, we were able to make preliminary distinctions about the degree of hierarchy and integration between these settlements. With this study we expect to contribute to the discussion of the different rates of growth and interaction that northern Mesoamerican societies might have experienced during Epiclassic.Résumé : Cet article présente les résultats d’une première étude sur la distribution des établissements préhispaniques de la vallée du Río Verde-San Pedro (Aguascalientes). Ces recherches ont permis de réaliser l’inventaire de 24 établissements, dont les caractéristiques ont été incorporées à un Système d’Information Géographique (SIG). Grâce à la saisie de ces variables sur le SIG, certaines distinctions préliminaires ont pu être établies quant au degré de hiérarchie et d’intégration entre ces différents établissements. Nous espérons que les résultats de cette étude contribueront à la discussion concernant les rythmes de croissance et d’interaction que connurent les sociétés du septentrion mésoaméricain durant l’Épiclassique.
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Anderson, J. D., and J. Widom. "Poly(dA-dT) Promoter Elements Increase the Equilibrium Accessibility of Nucleosomal DNA Target Sites." Molecular and Cellular Biology 21, no. 11 (June 1, 2001): 3830–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.21.11.3830-3839.2001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Polypurine tracts are important elements of eukaryotic promoters. They are believed to somehow destabilize chromatin, but the mechanism of their action is not known. We show that incorporating an A16 element at an end of the nucleosomal DNA and further inward destabilizes histone-DNA interactions by 0.1 ± 0.03 and 0.35 ± 0.04 kcal mol−1, respectively, and is accompanied by 1.5- ± 0.1-fold and 1.7- ± 0.1-fold increases in position-averaged equilibrium accessibility of nucleosomal DNA target sites. These effects are comparable in magnitude to effects of A16 elements that correlate with transcription in vivo, suggesting that our system may capture most of their physiological role. These results point to two distinct but interrelated models for the mechanism of action of polypurine tract promoter elements in vivo. Given a nucleosome positioned over a promoter region, the presence of a polypurine tract in that nucleosome's DNA decreases the stability of the DNA wrapping, increasing the equilibrium accessibility of other DNA target sites buried inside that nucleosome. Alternatively (if nucleosomes are freely mobile), the presence of a polypurine tract provides a free energy bias for the nucleosome to move to alternative locations, thereby changing the equilibrium accessibilities of other nearby DNA target sites.
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Maizlish, Neil, Tracy Delaney, Helen Dowling, Derek A. Chapman, Roy Sabo, Steven Woolf, Christine Orndahl, Latoya Hill, and Lauren Snellings. "California Healthy Places Index: Frames Matter." Public Health Reports 134, no. 4 (May 16, 2019): 354–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354919849882.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: We describe the California Healthy Places Index (HPI) and its performance relative to other indexes for measuring community well-being at the census-tract level. The HPI arose from a need identified by health departments and community organizations for an index rooted in the social determinants of health for place-based policy making and program targeting. The index was geographically granular, validated against life expectancy at birth, and linked to policy actions. Materials and Methods: Guided by literature, public health experts, and a positive asset frame, we developed a composite index of community well-being for California from publicly available census-tract data on place-based factors linked to health. The 25 HPI indicators spanned 8 domains; weights were derived from their empirical association with tract-level life expectancy using weighted quantile sums methods. Results: The HPI’s domains were aligned with the social determinants of health and policy action areas of economic resources, education, housing, transportation, clean environment, neighborhood conditions, social resources, and health care access. The overall HPI score was the sum of weighted domain scores, of which economy and education were highly influential (50% of total weights). The HPI was strongly associated with life expectancy at birth ( r = 0.58). Compared with the HPI, a pollution-oriented index did not capture one-third of the most disadvantaged quartile of census tracts (representing 3 million Californians). Overlap of the HPI’s most disadvantaged quartile of census tracts was greater for indexes of economic deprivation. We visualized the HPI percentile ranking as a web-based mapping tool that presented the HPI at multiple geographies and that linked indicators to an action-oriented policy guide. Practice Implications: The framing of indexes and specifications such as domain weighting have substantial consequences for prioritizing disadvantaged populations. The HPI provides a model for tools and new methods that help prioritize investments and identify multisectoral opportunities for policy action.
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Pajot-Augy, Édith. "L’haleine et les capteurs d’odeurs." médecine/sciences 35, no. 2 (February 2019): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2019001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Grâce à leurs capacités olfactives développées, des animaux sont capables de détecter des odeurs associées à certaines pathologies. Récemment, des nez électroniques, consistant en des réseaux de senseurs artificiels générant une signature caractéristique aux odorants présents, par exemple dans l’haleine, permettent à l’heure actuelle de diagnostiquer des pathologies variées, à des stades précoces, et de façon fiable et non invasive. Pour bénéficier de la capacité intrinsèque et naturellement optimisée du système olfactif animal à détecter et discriminer des traces d’odorants, des dispositifs hybrides bioélectroniques sont également en développement pour le diagnostic médical. Ces divers senseurs olfactifs sont en plein essor avec des résultats prometteurs.
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Klass, Sarah H., Laura E. Sofen, Zachary F. Hallberg, Tahoe A. Fiala, Alexandra V. Ramsey, Nicholas S. Dolan, Matthew B. Francis, and Ariel L. Furst. "Covalent capture and electrochemical quantification of pathogenic E. coli." Chemical Communications 57, no. 20 (2021): 2507–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc08420d.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pathogenic E. coli pose a significant threat to public health by causing both foodborne illness and urinary tract infections. A sensitive electrochemical method to detect these pathogens can be used for surveillance and to prevent illness.
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Beamer, D., J. P. Muller, and J. M. Dessagne. "Comparison of Capture Efficiencies Measured by Tracer Gas and Aerosol Tracer Techniques." Indoor Air 8, no. 1 (March 1998): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.1998.t01-3-00007.x.
Повний текст джерела
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Brost, Richard A., Philip L. Haagenson, and Ying-Hwa Kuo. "Eulerian Simulation of Tracer Distribution during CAPTEX." Journal of Applied Meteorology 27, no. 5 (May 1988): 579–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1988)027<0579:esotdd>2.0.co;2.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Capteur tracté"
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Nora, Carine. "Développement d'un capteur conductimétrique pour le contrôle en ligne des traces ioniques dans l'eau ultrapure." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066033.
Повний текст джерела
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Heras, Ambros Paloma. "Barley root traits for improved subsoil exploration and resource capture." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43532/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Subsoil physical characteristics are often limiting to root growth, one of the major reasons being high density soil. However, deeper and more efficient root systems could help to explore a larger soil volume and reduce the input of nitrogen fertilisers if roots make more use of the nitrogen at depth. The first target was to develop a screening method which allowed barley root extension rates to be quantified after four days of growth in loose and compacted soils. Firstly, seed quality (loss of germination ability caused by poor conditions in storage and long storage time) was identified as a potential source of variation for root extension rate in seedlings. The screening showed that roots growing in compacted soil had a slower extension rate than roots growing in loose soil. In addition, there was an interaction between soil conditions and cultivars meaning that not all of them showed the same ability to overcome high soil density. Root architecture was characterized at days eight and 12 after planting for four selected divergent cultivars. Measurements were made using X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT)-scanning. The differences between the four genotypes in root architecture (number of primary roots, root extension rate, root length, root area, root volume, convex hull, centre of mass, lateral density, lateral length) were significant at eight days after planting but disappeared at 12 days after planting for most of the traits measured (i.e. growth rate of primary roots). Soil density influenced the root system architecture at both two-time points, roots elongated less and explored less soil in the high compaction treatment. A third experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that the differences in root architecture observed between the genotypes in response to the soil bulk density in the µCT-scanning would lead to different patterns of nutrient uptake from topsoil and subsoil. Layered soil columns of topsoil and subsoil were constructed with different subsoil physical parameters (loose, compacted and compacted with macropores) and a nitrogen tracer to measure nitrogen capture from the subsoil. Root length density and other traits determining root architecture differed between two barley cultivars and oat, but increased root length density in the subsoil did not improve nitrogen uptake from the subsoil. Hence showing that nitrogen uptake from the subsoil was not directly related with a greater presence of roots in the experiment.
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Clément, Pierrick. "Functionalized carbon nanotubes for detecting traces of benzene vapors employing screen-printed resistive and resonant transducers." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0127/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ce travail de thèse porte sur l’optimisation des propriétés de nanotubes de carbone pour la détection de gaz.Pour cette application, les nanotubes de carbone ont été déposés sur deux types de transducteur sérigraphiés, résistif et résonant. Les nanotubes de carbone à multi-parois traités par plasma d’oxygène (O-MWCNTs) ont été le point de départ de ces travaux. Les performances de ces nanomatériaux déposés par air-brushing sur le transducteur de type résistif comportant deux électrodes de platine interdigitées préalablement déposées sur un substrat d’alumine ont été étudiées en présence de composés organiques volatils (COVs). Par comparaison aux réponses obtenues sous éthanol et acétone,une meilleure sensibilité et un meilleur temps de recouvrement ont été observés en présence de benzène et de toluène. Les nanotubes de carbone O-MWCNTs ont été ensuite déposés sur une micropoutre piézoélectrique sérigraphiée. Cette dernière, à base de PZT placé entre 2 électrodes, permet simultanément l’actionnement et la mesure de sa fréquence de résonance. De plus, le remplacement de l’électrode supérieure de géométrie rectangulaire par deux électrodes interdigitées a permis la mesure simultanée de la résistance des nanotubes de carbone et de la fréquence de résonance. Grâce à cette nouvelle génération de transducteur, la variation de résistance de la couche de nanotubes de carbone et la variation de masse ont pu être mesurés en présence de COVs mais aussi de monoxyde de carbone et de dioxyde d’azote. Sous forte concentration de vapeurs/gaz, la prise de masse de la couche sensible entraîne des variations de fréquence négatives. En revanche, à plus faible concentration, des variations de fréquence positives ont été observées. Ce phénomène est attribué à une modification de la rigidité de la poutre résonante suite à l’adsorption sur la poutre de l’espèce à détecter enfaible quantité. La mesure simultanée de la résistance des OMWCNTs de type-p a de plus permis la discrimination du caractère oxydant ou réducteur des gaz/vapeurs. Finalement,face à la difficulté de détecter le benzène à faible concentration, une approche basée sur la reconnaissance moléculaire « host-guest » a été proposée. Afin de promouvoir des interactions spécifiques avec le benzène, les MWCNTs ont été fonctionnalisés avec une molécule de type quinoxaléine en conformation de cavité. Ainsi, la mesure de la résistance de ce nanomatériau hybride a permis la détection de 2,5 ppb de benzène sous air sec avec une limite de détection (LOD) proche de 600 ppt. Ces résultats remarquables démontrent les potentialités des nanotubes de carbone fonctionnalisés pour la détection de faibles traces de composés aromatiquesMultiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) base sensitive layers have been deposited onto different transducer substrates for gas sensing application. Oxygen plasma treated MWCNTs, so-called O-MWCNTs, have been a building blockfor developing other gas sensitive nanomaterials. At first, OMWCNTs have been studied as resistive gas sensors. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene, toluene, ethanol, methanol and acetone have been used to characterize this sensitive layer. The sensors show good sensitivity and excellent baseline recovery in the presence of benzene or toluene vapors compared to the others tested VOCs. OMWCNTs have been studied as adsorbent nanomaterials deposited on PZT piezoelectric resonant cantilevers fabricated by multilayer screen-printing. In the second step, a modification of the rectangular top electrode to become an interdigitated electrode was implemented in order to have a sensor transducer employing two transduction mechanisms. This configuration allowed us to measure, for a single device, the resistance change of the carbon nanotube film and the resonance frequency shift of the PZT cantilever up on exposure to VOCs. The sensing properties of such systems have been studied for benzene, CO, and NO2 contaminants. Positive and negative shifts of the resonance frequency are observed at lowand high gas concentrations, respectively. These are attributed to stress or to mass effects becoming dominant at low or high gas concentration levels. Monitoring the resistance of the p type O-MWCNT film helps discriminating gases/ vapours according to their oxidizing or reducing character. The interest of the double transduction has been demonstrated in the detection of CO. Finally, in front of the difficulty to detect benzene at low concentrations, a different approach based on the host-guest molecular recognition is proposed. To promote specific interaction toward benzene, quinoxaline-walled thioether-legged deep cavit and functionalized MWCNTs are used. The detection of 2.5 ppb of benzene in dry air is demonstrated with a limit of detection (LOD) near 600 ppt.These remarkable results show the potentiality of functionalized carbon nanotubes in aromatic vapor sensing at traces level
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Tillet, Joris. "Safe localization and control of a towed sensor." Thesis, Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ENTA0013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’exploration des océans devient de plus en plus accessible, notamment grâce aux avancées en robotique. Les applications pour les robots sous-marins sont nombreuses. Dans cette thèse, on s’intéresse particulièrement à la recherche d’épaves, telle que celle de La Cordelière, qui a coulé dans la Rade de Brest en 1512. Le système robotique proposé consiste à tracter un magnétomètre susceptible de détecter les matériaux ferromagnétiques de l’épave. Le capteur ne peut pas être directement embarqué car il est sensible aux perturbations du robot. C’est pourquoi il est déporté. Deux problématiques sont alors étudiées pour appréhender ce système. La première est liée au contrôle de la position du magnétomètre alors que l’on ne peut agir que sur le robot tractant. Une méthode de linéarisation par bouclage est alors utilisée pour construire un contrôleur. Ce contrôleur est ensuite validé sous certaines contraintes d’état en utilisant des outils d’analyse par intervalles. La seconde problématique concerne la localisation sous l’eau de manière fiable. Sont alors étudiés des moyens d’appréhender les incertitudes et les données aberrantes collectées par un capteur acoustique. L’analyse par intervalles permet d’obtenir des premiers résultats, et la logique floue vient compléter l’approche en donnant plus de souplesse dans la priorisation des contraintes. Finalement, des expérimentations sont présentées avec différents robots, et notamment la localisation d’un ROV dans une piscineThe oceans’ exploration becomes more and more reachable, especially thanks to robotics progress. Applications for underwater robots are plentiful. In this thesis, we particularly focus on the search of wrecks, as the Cordelière, which sank in the Bay of Brest (France) in 1512. The proposed robotic system consists of towing a magnetometer likely to detect the ferromagnetic materials of the wreck. The sensor cannot be directly embedded because it is sensitive to the perturbations from the robot. This is why it is deported. Two issues are studied to approach this system. The first one is linked to the control of the magnetometer’s position, whereas we can only act on the towing robot. A feedback linearization method is used to design a controller. Then, this controller is validated under some state constraints by using tools from interval analysis. The second issue relates to underwater localization in a reliable manner. Ways to approach uncertainties and outliers gathered by acoustic sensors are studied. The interval analysis allows to obtain first results, and the fuzzy logic completes the approach by giving more suppleness in the prioritization of the constraints. Finally, some expérimentations are presented with different robots, and especially the localization of a ROV in a pool
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Chounlamountry, Keodavanh. "Les systèmes de capture du glutamate dans le noyau du tractus solitaire. Relations astrocytes-synapses et localisation subcellulaire des transporteurs du glutamate." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30035.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le glutamate est le principal neurotransmetteur excitateur du noyau du tractus solitaire (NTS), une structure sensorielle qui reçoit des informations provenant des viscères. Nous avons utilisé l'immunocytochimie et la microscopie électronique pour étudier les systèmes de recapture du glutamate dans le NTS. Nous montrons que le transporteur exprimé par les astrocytes est de type GLT-1 et que la couverture des synapses glutamatergiques par les processus astrocytaires n'est pas complète ce qui autorise des phénomènes de transmission à distance par diffusion du glutamate. Nous montrons aussi que les dendrites des neurones du NTS expriment le transporteur de type EAAC1. Ce transporteur est essentiellement présent sous forme d'un pool intracellulaire. Son expression membranaire pourrait donc être régulée par l'activité. Enfin, dans une dernière partie, nous montrons qu'une inflammation des viscères induit une augmentation de la couverture gliale des synapses glutamatergiques du NTSGlutamate is the main excitatory transmitter in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), a sensory nucleus involved in visceral information processing. Using electron microscope immunocytochemistry, we have investigated neuron to glia relationships and localization of glutamate transporters in the NTS. We show that NTS astrocytes express GLT-1 and that astrocytic wrapping of NTS glutamatergic synapses is incomplete, allowing glutamate to diffuse out of the synaptic cleft. In addition, we demonstrate that NTS neurons express the EAAC1 transporter. EAAC1 is exclusively present in dendrites and mostly located intracellularly. Finally, we show that visceral inflammation increases the glial wrapping of NTS glutamatergic synapses
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Chandrasekaran, Yogesh. "Élaboration de capteurs fluorescents pour la quantification de traces de métaux lourds dans l'eau." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S151.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L'exposition au plomb, cadmium, mercure et arsenic constitue un des risques important en termes de santé humaine. Ces métaux lourds sont à l'origine de problèmes pour l'environnement et la santé en raison de leur bioaccumulation. Bien qu'il existe de multiples méthodes analytiques permettant des mesures quantitatives précises, la plupart de ces méthodes souffrent de certaines limitations relatives à la sélectivité, la sensibilité, le coût élevé ou le temps de réponse. En particulier le développement de méthodes robustes, ultrasensibles, transposables sur le terrain et permettant un suivi en temps réel demeure un enjeu. L'utilisation de senseurs fluorescents incorporés dans des microsystèmes constitue pour ce faire une piste intéressante en raison de la possibilité de combiner sensibilité, sélectivité, portabilité et rapidité. L'objectif de ce travail est de mettre en place une telle méthodologie à travers le développement de senseurs fluorescents sélectifs permettant une détection ultra-sensible et une quantification de traces de métaux lourds dans l'eau. L'approche proposée repose sur la combinaison de l'utilisation de fluoroionophore (pouvant être excité aussi bien à un photon dans le visible que par excitation à deux photons dans le proche IR) et d'un processus d'extraction-concentration dans une phase organique non-miscible à l'eau. Le processus de l'extraction liquide-liquide des sels métalliques dans l'eau par des liquides ioniques en présence d'un agent chélatant se caractérise par des coefficients de Nernst élevés. Il est toutefois limité par le retour possible du complexe ionique (agent de chélatant + ion) dans la phase aqueuse, ce qui diminue le rendement d'extraction. Ce problème a été contourné en immobilisant la fonction de chélation des sels d'onium (conduisant à des sels d'onium à tâche spécifique ou SOTS) qui sont ensuite dissouts dans des liquides ioniques (conduisant ainsi à des Liquides Ioniques à Tache Spécifiques Binaires ou LITSB). Le groupement chélatant utilisé est un fluoroionophore (jouant à la fois le rôle de complexant et de sondes fluorescentes des sels de métaux lourds) fixé par un lien covalent à un sel d'onium. Dans ce contexte, différents fluoroionophores originaux de type push-pull (absorbant dans le proche UV-visible et présentant des sections efficaces d'absorption à deux photons élevées dans le proche IR) et visant la détection sélective du plomb, cadmium et mercure ont été synthétisés et supportés sur sels d'onium. Leur propriétés de fluorescence, d'excitation à deux photons et leur capacité d'extraction/complexation ont été étudiées. Ces SOTS visent à être intégrés, après immobilisation dans une phase liquide ionique hydrophobe stationnaire, dans des dispositifs microfluidiques afin de permettre une quantification en temps réel de la présence de traces de métaux lourds dans les eauxThe main threats to human health from heavy metals are associated with the exposure to lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic. These heavy metals cause adverse environmental and health problems because of their tendency to bioaccumulate. Although many analytical methods offer precise quantitative measurements, they suffer from several drawbacks, including selectivity, sensitivity, response times and high cost. There is a real need to develop fast, cheap and real-time monitoring methods for heavy metals detection. The process of liquid-liquid extraction by ionic liquids in the presence of a chelating agent offer very high Nernst coefficients, but suffer from limitations like possible return of the ionic complex (chelating agent + ion) into the aqueous phase, thereby decreasing the extraction efficiency. The problem is solved by supporting the chelating functions on the ionic liquids in order to form Task Specific Ionic Liquids (TSILs). We decided to graft a special functional group, fluoroionophore onto the onium salt, so that fluorogenic and chelating properties can be integrated. Herein, we adopted this concept of binary task specific ionic liquids (BTSILs), where there is immobilization of TSOS (Task Specific Onium Salt) containing selective and sensitive fluoroionophores, in an ionic liquid stationary phase. This should ensure both efficient extraction of the heavy metal ions from the aqueous phase and sensitive detection. Such immobilization of the metal binding unit in a hydrophobic IL would also greatly decrease the risk of loss into the aqueous phase compared to the classical ligands. Thus, we report the synthesis and characterization of task specific onium salts bearing metal ion specific fluoroionophores. The final goal is to incorporate these TSOSs in a microfluidic system to perform extraction concentration and detection for continuous real time monitoring of heavy metal cations in water. Keywords: Heavy metals, Fluoroionophore, Task specific ionic liquids, Chelating agent
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Jasmin, Jean-Philippe. "Élaboration de capteurs nanostructurés pour la détection de polluants métalliques à l'état de traces." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLE010/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ce travail porte sur la fonctionnalisation d’électrodes sérigraphiées par électrogreffage de sels de diazonium pour la détection de micropolluants métalliques. Deux types de fonctionnalisation ont été étudiés : la fonctionnalisation par des groupements organiques sélectifs et la nanostructuration avec des nanoparticules d’or pour augmenter les performances analytiques des électrodes. La première partie des travaux traite de la fonctionnalisation d’électrodes carbonées sérigraphiées par des ligands macrocycliques; ces ligands ont été choisis en se basant sur une étude bibliographique pour leurs affinités pour le Cu (II), le Pb (II) et l’UO2 (VI). Le greffage covalent de ces macrocycles sur les électrodes sérigraphiées conduit à des capteurs potentiellement sélectifs. Les performances analytiques de ces capteurs ont été déterminées et l’influence de différents interférents sur la détection des espèces cibles a été étudiée. La seconde partie des travaux concerne la mise en œuvre d’une méthode de nanostructuration d’électrodes sérigraphiées par immobilisation covalente de nanoparticules d'or nues ou préalablement fonctionnalisées. Deux types de nanoparticules d’or possédant des caractéristiques différentes ont été utilisées : nanoparticules de type Eah et de type Turkevich. La nature, la taille et l’état de surface des nanoparticules utilisées ont une influence sur la nanostructuration des électrodes sérigraphiées et en conséquence sur leurs propriétés électrochimiques. La dernière partie de ce travail vise la mise au point d’un protocole de détection des micropolluants métalliques avec les électrodes sérigraphiées nanostructurées et fonctionnalisées. Les performances analytiques ont été déterminées et comparées aux systèmes sans nanoparticules d’or afin de préciser l’apport de ces nanoparticules sur les performances des électrodesThis work focuses on screen-printed electrodes functionalization by electrografting of diazonium salts in order to be used as metallic micropollutants sensors. Two kind of functionalization were treated; the functionalization by organic groups selective of metal ions owing selective sensors and, the nanostructuration with gold nanoparticles to increase the analytical performances of the sensors. The first part of the work deals with the functionalization of screen-printed electrodes with macrocyclic ligands, chosen from a bibliographic study, for their respective affinities for Cu (II), Pb (II) and UO2 (VI). Covalent grafting of this macrocycles on screen-printed electrodes leads to potentially selective sensors. The analytical performances of these sensors as well as the influence of many interference species on the detection were studied.A second part handles with methods for the nanostructuration of screen-printed electrodes by covalent immobilization of naked or functionalized gold nanoparticles. Two types of gold nanoparticles, with different characteristics have been studied. The nature, the size and the surface state of the gold nanoparticles were found to be key parameters that influence on the nanostructuration of screen-printed electrodes and consequently on their electrochemical properties. The last part of this work concerns the development of a detection protocol for metallic micropollutants with the nanostructured and functionalized screen-printed. The analytical performances have been studied and compared with systems without nanoparticles in order to highlight the contribution of the gold nanoparticles on the performance of the electrodes
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Mahieuxe, Bruno. "Capteurs à fibre optique pour le dosage des nitrates." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL046N.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les capteurs à fibre(s) optique(s) trouvent de nombreuses applications dans la surveillance de l'environnement et particulièrement pour le contrôle continu et in situ de substances polluantes. Étant donné la toxicité des nitrates et des nitrites, l'objectif de ce travail a été de développer des capteurs chimiques à fibre optique fondés sur la fluorescence de composés sensibles spécifiquement à ces anions, la fluorimétrie étant généralement décrite comme une méthode permettant l'analyse de substances à l'état de traces, de l'ordre du ppm, voire du ppb. L'élaboration d'optodes actives à nécessité plusieurs étapes: le choix d'un indicateur fluorescent sensible aux polluants: la fluorescéine pour les nitrates, le 2,3-diaminonaphtalene ou la 4-aminofluoresceine pour les nitrites, l'étude, en phase homogène, des dosages fluorimétriques des nitrates et des nitrites et notamment de leur sensibilité, le développement de techniques d'immobilisation, par liaison covalente, de l'indicateur à l'extrémité de fibres optiques de différentes natures (en silice ou en polystyrène), la caractérisation des optodes: densité du greffage, stabilité dans le milieu d'analyse, la mise au point de systèmes optiques permettant la mesure qualitative et quantitative de la fluorescence des optodes. Ainsi, des optodes en silice, appliquées au dosage des nitrates, ont pu être élaborées, leur réponse étant linéaire pour des concentrations en nitrates comprises entre 2 10^-6 et 10^-5 mol. L-1 (soit entre 0,12 et 0,62 mg NO3-. L-1 dans le milieu d'analyse). Pour les nitrites, le greffage covalent sur les fibres n'a pu être abordé, néanmoins des solutions ont été proposées
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Villanueva, Jessica Denila. "Suivi par capteurs passifs des polluants émergents dans les eaux de surface en contexte urbain." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14186/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’étude a pour objectif de déterminer la qualité des eaux de surface sous différentes conditions climatiques et pratiques de gestion des eaux de surface. Trois sites ont étés choisis pour: (1) la rivière Jalle de Blanquefort, (2) le lac de Bordeaux, France et (3) la rivière Pasig aux Philippines. Les sites français présentent des collecteurs d'eau qui se déversent directement dans les eaux de surface. La rivière Pasig sert de collecteur d'eaux usées en l’absence de stations de traitement des eaux usées et collectées. Au cours des campagnes de mesure, il a été possible de suivre l’impact de la variabilité climatique (pluviométrie) et d’événements aléatoires sur la qualité chimiques (éléments traces métalliques et polluants organiques) des eaux ; en combinant échantillonnage classique et par capteurs passifs. Les propriétés physico-chimiques de l'eau ainsi que les caractéristiques des particules et l'utilisation d'analyses statistiques permettent de préciser le comportement des molécules détectées et de décrire l’evolution hydrochimique des eaux de surface urbaines et estuariennes vis-à-vis d’aléas climatiques contrastésThe study aimed to assess the water quality of the surface water in differingclimate conditions and management practices. Three interesting sites were chosen, (1)Jalle River and (2) Bordeaux Lac both in France and the (3) Pasig River in thePhilippines. The French sites have rainfall and run-off collectors that directly dischargewater to the water bodies. Pasig River, on the other hand, becomes a waste collector aswaste management and treatment plant are lacking. Trace metals and organics(pesticides, herbicides, pharmaceuticals and drugs) were measured. Conventional andpassive sampling approches were employed. The mass fluxes were obtained in order tocalculate the pollution transport. Physico-chemical properties and the particlecharacteristics, integrating statistical analyses, facilitated in explaining the behavior of themeasured molecules and describing the hydrological system in relation to climatevariability
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Dereeper, Eloi. "Synthèse et caractérisation de couches actives pour la détection de traces d'hydrocarbures lourds." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BELF0234/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les capteurs de gaz électrochimiques sont l’un des moyens les plus directs pour convertir la composition chimique d’un gaz en signal électrique mesurable. A ce titre, ils ont été largement étudiés et font aujourd’hui partie des solutions de détection les plus courantes. Toutefois, ils sont souvent basés sur un électrolyte YSZ, ce qui implique des températures de travail élevées (600°C).Afin de pouvoir réaliser une cellule de capteur fonctionnant à plus basse température (300°C), les conditions de dépôt des électrolytes Bi4V2O11 et BITAVOX (Bi2TaxV1-xO5,5) par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron en conditions réactives (PVD) ont été étudiées. L’impact de l’épaisseur des films ainsi que celui du taux de substitution du vanadium par le tantale sur les propriétés structurale et de conduction ont été déterminés.Par la suite, deux types de cellules ont été réalisés en déposant des électrodes à la surface de l’électrolyte par PVD. Le premier utilise des électrodes de platine dense et de nanofils de LASCO (La1-x-yAgxSryCoO3). Néanmoins, le comportement de ce capteur aux plus basses températures est assez complexe. Aussi, des électrodes de platine et d’or ont ensuite été étudiées, amenant à une réponse plus simple et apparaissant dès 200°CElectrochemical sensors are one of the most direct ways to convert the chemical composition of a gas into measurable electric signals. As such, they have been widely investigated and are now one of the most common detection solutions. However, they are often based on YSZ electrolyte, which implies high working temperatures (600°C).In order to build a sensor cell which could operate at lower temperature (300°C), deposition parameters of Bi4V2O11 and BITAVOX (Bi2TaxV1-xO5.5) electrolytes by the mean of reactive magnetron sputtering (PVD) were investigated. The impact of film thickness and that of tantalum substitution rate on the V site on structural and conduction properties were determined.Then, two different kinds of cells were realised by depositing electrodes onto the electrolyte surface. The first one used dense platinum and LASCO (La1-x-yAgxSryCoO3) nanowires electrodes. Nevertheless, this sensor exhibited a rather complex behaviour at lowest temperatures. Then, gold and platinum electrodes were investigated, which led to a more simple response of the sensor. Furthermore, this response started at 200°C
Книги з теми "Capteur tracté"
1
Gilbert, Ferber, and Environmental Research Laboratories (U.S.), eds. Cross-Appalachian tracer experiment (CAPTEX) operations review: Gilbert J. Ferber; editor. Silver Spring, Md: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1985.
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2
Gilbert, Ferber, and Environmental Research Laboratories (U.S.), eds. Cross-Appalachian tracer experiment (CAPTEX) operations review: Gilbert J. Ferber; editor. Silver Spring, Md: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1985.
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3
Gilbert, Ferber, and Environmental Research Laboratories (U.S.), eds. Cross-Appalachian tracer experiment (CAPTEX) operations review: Gilbert J. Ferber; editor. Silver Spring, Md: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1985.
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4
Gilbert, Ferber, and Environmental Research Laboratories (U.S.), eds. Cross-Appalachian tracer experiment (CAPTEX) operations review: Gilbert J. Ferber; editor. Silver Spring, Md: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1985.
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5
Gilbert, Ferber, and Environmental Research Laboratories (U.S.), eds. Cross-Appalachian tracer experiment (CAPTEX) operations review: Gilbert J. Ferber; editor. Silver Spring, Md: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1985.
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6
Cross-Appalachian tracer experiment (CAPTEX) operations review: Gilbert J. Ferber; editor. Silver Spring, Md: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1985.
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7
Wilson, Mark. The Greediness of Scales. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803478.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Any straightforward attempt to capture the interactive relationships between size scales within a complexly layered material such as a bar of steel encounters immediate descriptive obstacles sometimes called the “tyranny-of-scales problem.” These obstacles trace not only to the unmanageable number of descriptive parameters required for such a task but to the fact that the localized models that capture the material’s scale-centered behaviors most effectively are syntactically inconsistent with one another. The innovations of modern multiscalar modeling have surmounted these barriers by developing descriptive architectures that implement clever forms of “divide and conquer” tactics. The tremendous effectiveness of these innovations offers great insight into the workings of practical language in general.
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Symon, Gillian, Katrina Pritchard, and Christine Hine, eds. Research Methods for Digital Work and Organization. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198860679.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Digital work is organizationally, interpretively, spatially, and temporally complex. An array of innovative methodologies have begun to emerge to capture these activities, whether through re-purposing existing tools, devising entirely novel methods, or mixing old and new. This book brings together some of these techniques in one volume as a sourcebook for management, business, organizational and work researchers pursuing projects in this field. The specific objectives of the book are to: present a range of innovative methods which capture and analyse digitally-related work practices through reflexive accounts of real world research projects; provide an accessible sourcebook of these methods for the business and management research community; elucidate the range of challenges such methods may raise for research practice, outlining debates and recommendations; and provide further reading and information to support research practice. The book is organized in four sections that reflect researchers’ different areas of focus and methodological approaches: working with screens; digital working practices; distributed work and organizing; and digital traces of work. Each chapter provides a reflexive account of researchers’ own experiences in developing methods that capture digital aspects of work and organization. We conclude by reflecting on the future of research given the current intensification of digital work during a global pandemic that is impacting all aspects of our lives.
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Drake, Marcus. Assessment of urinary incontinence. Edited by Christopher R. Chapple. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Involuntary loss of urine is subdivided primarily into stress, urgency, or mixed urinary incontinence. The history and examination aim to identify underlying mechanisms, and indicators of more complex causes, or serious medical conditions. Associated lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) should be catalogued in detail. History should also cover symptom bother, as this is the prime driver of therapy. Validated questionnaires are the most effective way to capture aspects of incontinence and associated LUTS. Wider pelvic symptoms, such as pelvic organ prolapse, sexual function, and anal symptoms should also be evaluated. Physical examination needs to cover general aspects, including occult neurological disease. Abdominal and pelvic examination evaluates the genitalia, pelvic floor muscle function, and pelvic masses, along with urethral hypermobility in women and the prostate in men.
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Hans, Steiner, Daniels Whitney, Kelly Michael, and Stadler Christina. Taxonomy, Classification, and Diagnosis of Disruptive Behavior Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265458.003.0002.
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This chapter traces the development of diagnoses attempting to capture antisocial and aggressive behavior. The chapter provides a careful discussion of the advantages of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and International Classification of Diseases systems and their diagnostic grouping. Tracing the processes by which these diagnoses were created, the hidden and obvious problems in the current taxonomy are laid bare. The model of developmental psychopathology, of which disruptive behavior disorders arguably have been called a model disorder, provides concluding comments, which point to the advantages of another taxonomy that hold the promise of improving the state of the current descriptive systems.
Частини книг з теми "Capteur tracté"
1
Kagami, Satoshi, Hiroshi Mizoguchi, Yuuki Tamai, and Takeo Kanade. "Microphone Array for 2D Sound Localization and Capture." In Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics, 45–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11552246_5.
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2
Allen, Barry J., Yohanes Setiawan, Douglas E. Moore, Glenda Halliday, and Tony Harding. "Evidence for a Null Effect of L-10BPA Neutron Capture Therapy on Mouse Brain Dopamine Tracts." In Cancer Neutron Capture Therapy, 795–801. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9567-7_112.
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Bennett, Matthew R., and Sally C. Reynolds. "Inferences from Footprints: Archaeological Best Practice." In Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks, 15–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60406-6_2.
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AbstractAnimal footprints are preserved in the archaeological record with greater frequency than perhaps previously assumed. This assertion is supported by a rapid increase in the number of discoveries in recent years. The analysis of such trace fossils is now being undertaken with an increasing sophistication, and a methodological revolution is afoot linked to the routine deployment of 3D digital capture. Much of this development has in recent years been driven by palaeontologists, yet archaeologists are just as likely to encounter footprints in excavations. It is therefore timely to review some of the key methodological developments and to focus attention on the inferences that can and, crucially, cannot be justifiably made from fossil footprints with specific reference to human tracks.
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Lieber, Sven, Ben De Meester, Ruben Verborgh, and Anastasia Dimou. "EcoDaLo: Federating Advertisement Targeting with Linked Data." In Semantic Systems. In the Era of Knowledge Graphs, 87–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59833-4_6.
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Abstract A key source of revenue for the media and entertainment domain is ad targeting: serving advertisements to a select set of visitors based on various captured visitor traits. Compared to global media companies such as Google and Facebook that aggregate data from various sources (and the privacy concerns these aggregations bring), local companies only capture a small number of (high-quality) traits and retrieve an unbalanced small amount of revenue. To increase these local publishers’ competitive advantage, they need to join forces, whilst taking the visitors’ privacy concerns into account. The EcoDaLo consortium, located in Belgium and consisting of Adlogix, Pebble Media, and Roularta Media Group as founding partners, aims to combine local publishers’ data without requiring these partners to share this data across the consortium. Usage of Semantic Web technologies enables a decentralized approach where federated querying allows local companies to combine their captured visitor traits, and better target visitors, without aggregating all data. To increase potential uptake, technical complexity to join this consortium is kept minimal, and established technology is used where possible. This solution was showcased in Belgium which provided the participating partners valuable insights and suggests future research challenges. Perspectives are to enlarge the consortium and provide measurable impact in ad targeting to local publishers.
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Braun, Veit. "Tools of Extraction or Means of Speculation? Making Sense of Patents in the Bioeconomy." In Bioeconomy and Global Inequalities, 65–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68944-5_4.
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AbstractOver the last few decades, Europe has seen a rise in applications for “native trait” patents on conventionally bred plants. Based on expert interviews, participant observation, patent statistics and document analysis, this chapter discusses what constitutes the (potential) value of these patents for various stakeholders. Native trait patents are a legacy of biotech plant patents from the 1980s and 1990s but follow different material, legal and economic logics. Unlike GMO patents, it would be wrong to view them as tools with which to extract surplus value from farmers. Neither, however, are they simply a means to capture investment from stock markets. There is no single business model that could explain the rush of companies to apply for patents in conventional plant breeding; therefore, patents must be understood as complex value objects that fulfil different functions for different actors and that often defy their original purpose of stimulating and protecting innovation.
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Finkbeiner, Bernd, Niklas Metzger, and Yoram Moses. "Information Flow Guided Synthesis." In Computer Aided Verification, 505–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13188-2_25.
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AbstractCompositional synthesis relies on the discovery of assumptions, i.e., restrictions on the behavior of the remainder of the system that allow a component to realize its specification. In order to avoid losing valid solutions, these assumptions should be necessary conditions for realizability. However, because there are typically many different behaviors that realize the same specification, necessary behavioral restrictions often do not exist. In this paper, we introduce a new class of assumptions for compositional synthesis, which we call information flow assumptions. Such assumptions capture an essential aspect of distributed computing, because components often need to act upon information that is available only in other components. The presence of a certain flow of information is therefore often a necessary requirement, while the actual behavior that establishes the information flow is unconstrained. In contrast to behavioral assumptions, which are properties of individual computation traces, information flow assumptions are hyperproperties, i.e., properties of sets of traces. We present a method for the automatic derivation of information-flow assumptions from a temporal logic specification of the system. We then provide a technique for the automatic synthesis of component implementations based on information flow assumptions. This provides a new compositional approach to the synthesis of distributed systems. We report on encouraging first experiments with the approach, carried out with the BoSyHyper synthesis tool.
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Schaefer, Teresa, Barbara Kieslinger, Miriam Brandt, and Vanessa van den Bogaert. "Evaluation in Citizen Science: The Art of Tracing a Moving Target." In The Science of Citizen Science, 495–514. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58278-4_25.
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AbstractEvaluation is a core management instrument and part of many scientific projects. Evaluation can be approached from several different angles, with distinct objectives in mind. In any project, we can evaluate the project process and the scientific outcomes, but with citizen science this does not go far enough. We need to additionally evaluate the effects of projects on the participants themselves and on society at large. While citizen science itself is still in evolution, we should aim to capture and understand the multiple traces it leaves in its direct and broader environment. Considering that projects often have limited resources for evaluation, we need to bundle existing knowledge and experiences on how to best assess citizen science initiatives and continually learn from this assessment. What should we concentrate on when we evaluate citizen science projects and programmes? What are current practices and what are we lacking? Are we really targeting the most relevant aspects of citizen science with our current evaluation approaches?
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Rowe, Andy. "Evaluation at the Endgame: Evaluating Sustainability and the SDGs by Moving Past Dominion and Institutional Capture." In Transformational Change for People and the Planet, 207–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78853-7_14.
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AbstractThree facts underlay this chapter. First, the human system and all our ambitions for improving the human system depend on sustainable natural systems. Second, we do not have much time. On track to fall well short of all sustainability goals, the climate and sustainability crises grow and extinction looms. Third, up to this point evaluation has shown little interest in sustainability, yet evaluation potentially addresses the very questions that are central to informing and guiding rapid adaptation of human behavior to successfully surmounting extinction.Business-as-usual evaluation will not suffice. At the endgame with extinction looming, we need an evaluation that is more nimble, keeps up with rapidly accelerating knowledge, is relentlessly use-seeking and that guides the way to joined-up approaches. The evaluation we need will systematically mainstream sustainability across all evaluations and interventions, in all evaluation criteria and standards. For this, all evaluations will always address nexus where human and natural systems join and incorporate knowledge and methods from both systems. Existing evaluation knowledge is well suited to this task, as are knowledges in biophysical sciences. We know and promote knowledge processes for integrative evaluation and are starting to shift toward the requirements for evaluation at the nexus. As this chapter shows, the anchors holding us back are political, not technical.
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Randolph-Quinney, Patrick S., Stephen D. Haines, and Ashley Kruger. "The Use of Three-Dimensional Scanning and Surface Capture Methods in Recording Forensic Taphonomic Traces: Issues of Technology, Visualisation, and Validation." In Multidisciplinary Approaches to Forensic Archaeology, 115–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94397-8_8.
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Zünd, Daniel, and Luís M. A. Bettencourt. "Street View Imaging for Automated Assessments of Urban Infrastructure and Services." In Urban Informatics, 29–40. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractMany forms of ambient data in cities are starting to become available that allows tracking of short-term urban operations, such as traffic management, trash collections, inspections, or non-emergency maintenance requests. However, arguably the greatest promise of urban analytics is to set up measurable objectives and track progress toward systemic development goals connected to human development and sustainability over the longer term. The challenge for such an approach is the connection between new technological capabilities, such as sensing and machine learning and local knowledge, and operations of residents and city governments. Here, we describe an emerging project for the long-term monitoring of sustainable development in fast-growing towns in the Galapagos Islands through the convergence of these methods. We demonstrate how collaborative mapping and the capture of 360-degree street views can produce a general basis for a broad set of quantitative analytics, when such actions are coupled to mapping and deep-learning characterizations of urban environments. We map and assess the precision of urban assets via automatic object classification and characterize their abundance and spatial heterogeneity. We also discuss how these methods, as they continue to improve, can provide the means to perform an ambient census of urban assets (buildings, vehicles, services) and environmental conditions.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Capteur tracté"
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Yoo, Jae-Yong, Thomas Heuhn, and JongWon Kim. "Active capture of wireless traces." In the third ACM international workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1410077.1410086.
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Frigaard, Ian, and Amir Maleki. "Tracking Fluid Interface in Carbon Capture and Storage Cement Placement Application." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77630.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One current methodology for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) involves pumping carbon dioxide (CO2) into a depleted oil and gas reservoir, usually via an existing well. Permanence of the storage in this case relies on the integrity of the reservoir and also the avoidance of leakage at the points of entry. Two different cementing procedures are involved in the latter problem: primary cementing and squeeze cementing. Here we consider how to track the interface between two fluids during primary cementing. The main idea is to exploit the density difference between successive fluids pumped in order to design a tracer particle to sit at the interface. Although apparently trivial, such particles must also overcome strong secondary flows in order to remain in the interface. We provide a proof of concept analysis of this situation assuming the displacement involves laminar flows of two Newtonian fluids in a narrow vertical annulus and demonstrate its feasibility.
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Fujii, Tomoko, Hideaki Nii, Takuji Tokiwa, Maki Sugimoto, and Masahiko Inami. "Motion capture system using single-track gray code." In the 2008 International Conference in Advances. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1501750.1501876.
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Gad, Ruediger. "Improving Packet Capture Trace Import in Trace Compass with a Data Transformation DSL." In 2017 IEEE 41st Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compsac.2017.145.
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Keil, C. "47. Hood Capture Efficiencies Measured Using a Unique Tracer Method." In AIHce 2004. AIHA, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2758256.
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Sodiya, Adesina, H. O. D. Longe, Adebukola Onashoga, Oludele Awodele, and L. O. Omotosho. "An Improved Assessment of Personality Traits in Software Engineering." In InSITE 2007: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3164.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The success or otherwise of Software Engineering (SE) activities depends on the interactions among software engineers. Consequently, effective interactions depend largely on personality traits, which is a consistent and long-lasting tendency in behaviour. In psychology, five major trait factors (The Big Five Factors) have been generally used to assess personality of people. But, these might not be adequate in SE because of the required technical and cognitive skills. In this work, we first present Cognitive Ability as an additional factor that must be measured in order to adequately assess personality in SE. A research survey was conducted in order to capture personality requirements in SE. Based on the result of the survey conducted, we develop a model for assessing personality traits in SE. We then design an assessment technique that is based on responses to some well-structured and deductive on-line questions. The implementation of the model using Visual Basic resulted in a much-needed tool that can guide intending software engineers in choosing area of specialization in SE based on their personality traits.
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Zhao, Yiyuan, and Rhonda Slattery. "Capture conditions in Center Trajectory Synthesizer for Center-TRACON Automation System." In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-3365.
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Fishlock, Cherie, Amanda Karakas, Maria Lugaro, and David Yong. "Using neutron-capture abundances as a tracer of Galactic halo formation." In XII International Symposium on Nuclei in the Cosmos. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.146.0248.
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"ONTOTracED: A Framework to Capture and Trace Ontology Development Processes." In International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004173304190422.
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Ebrahimi, Yaghoob S., and Edward E. Coleman. "Design of Localizer Capture and Track using Classical Control Techniques." In 1989 American Control Conference. IEEE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.1989.4790260.
Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "Capteur tracté"
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Cook, Joshua, Laura Ray, and James Lever. Dynamics modeling and robotic-assist, leader-follower control of tractor convoys. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43202.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper proposes a generalized dynamics model and a leader-follower control architecture for skid-steered tracked vehicles towing polar sleds. The model couples existing formulations in the literature for the powertrain components with the vehicle-terrain interaction to capture the salient features of terrain trafficability and predict the vehicles response. This coupling is essential for making realistic predictions of the vehicles traversing capabilities due to the power-load relationship at the engine output. The objective of the model is to capture adequate fidelity of the powertrain and off-road vehicle dynamics while minimizing the computational cost for model based design of leader-follower control algorithms. The leader-follower control architecture presented proposes maintaining a flexible formation by using a look-ahead technique along with a way point following strategy. Results simulate one leader-follower tractor pair where the leader is forced to take an abrupt turn and experiences large oscillations of its drawbar arm indicating potential payload instability. However, the follower tractor maintains the flexible formation but keeps its payload stable. This highlights the robustness of the proposed approach where the follower vehicle can reject errors in human leader driving.
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Nenoff, Tina M., Terry J. Garino, Eric Nicholas Coker, Mark A. Rodriguez, and Kenneth James Croes. Minimum Ag Addition to Capture Residuals and Trace Iodine from INL CH3-I Loaded AgZ in GCM. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1179154.
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Tomlinson, Brian. Total Official Support for Sustainable Development (TOSSD): Game changer or mirage? ActionAid, AidWatch Canada, Oxfam International, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7390.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Total Official Support for Sustainable Development, or TOSSD, is a new statistical metric that has been in the making for almost 10 years. It is meant to capture a broad range of global flows of public money in support of sustainable development. These include aid, loans on non-concessional terms, and public funds aimed at mobilising private finance for development. Metrics matter. It is essential to track the resources that the international community is allocating to turn the ambitions of Agenda 2030 and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into reality. Without such data, it is impossible to determine whether there is progress. ActionAid, AidWatch Canada and Oxfam International are publishing this discussion paper to shed light on how TOSSD works in practice as well as on its ambitions, shortcomings and the contending political perspectives on this new metric. The paper emphasizes that TOSSD could significantly shape the future of development finance.
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Cummings, John. Geese, Ducks and Coots. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7208739.ws.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Canada geese, snow geese, ducks, and American coots all have been implicated in agricultural crop and turf damage. Generally, goose, duck, and American coot damage to crops, vegetation and aircraft can be difficult to identify. Usually the damage to crops or vegetation shows signs of being clipped, torn, or stripped. Tracks, feces, or feathers found neat the damage can be used to help identify the species. Damage to aircraft is obvious if the bird is recovered, but if not, and only bird parts are recovered, a scientific analysis is required. Canada geese, snow geese, ducks, and American coots are federally protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA), which stipulates that, unless permitted by regulation, it is unlawful to “pursue, hunt, take, capture, kill, possess, sell, barter, purchase, ship, export, or import any migratory birds alive or dead, or any part, nests, eggs, or products thereof.” Generally, geese, ducks, and coots can be hazed without a federal permit in order to prevent damage to agriculture crops and property with a variety of scare techniques. In most cases, live ammunition cannot be used.
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Adsit, Sarah E., Theodora Konstantinou, Konstantina Gkritza, and Jon D. Fricker. Public Acceptance of INDOT’s Traffic Engineering Treatments and Services. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317280.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As a public agency, interacting with and understanding the public’s perspective regarding agency activities is an important endeavor for the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). Although INDOT conducts a biennial customer satisfaction survey, it is occasionally necessary to capture public perception regarding more specific aspects of INDOT’s activities. In particular, INDOT needs an effective way to measure and track public opinions and awareness or understanding of a select set of its traffic engineering practices. To evaluate public acceptance of specific INDOT traffic engineering activities, a survey consisting of 1.000 adults residing within the State of Indiana was conducted. The survey population was representative in terms of age and gender of the state as of the 2010 U.S. Census. The survey was administered during the months of July and August 2020. Public awareness regarding emerging treatments not currently implemented in Indiana is low and opposition to the same new technologies is prominent. Older or female drivers are less likely to be aware of emerging treatments, and older drivers are more likely to oppose potential implementation of these treatments. Although roundabouts are commonplace in Indiana, multi-lane roundabouts remain controversial among the public. Regarding maintenance and protection of traffic during work zones and considering full or partial roadway closure, public preference is for partial closure; this preference is stronger in rural areas. The public equally agrees and disagrees that INDOT minimizes construction related traffic delays. Approximately 76% of Indiana drivers believe themselves to above average drivers, while an additional 23% believe themselves to be average. Driver perceptions of average highway speeds speed are not aligned with posted speed limit as the perceived average speed on Indiana’s urban freeways and rural and urban state highways is considerably higher than the actual speed limit.
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Savaldi-Goldstein, Sigal, and Todd C. Mockler. Precise Mapping of Growth Hormone Effects by Cell-Specific Gene Activation Response. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7699849.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Plant yield largely depends on a complex interplay and feedback mechanisms of distinct hormonal pathways. Over the past decade great progress has been made in elucidating the global molecular mechanisms by which each hormone is produced and perceived. However, our knowledge of how interactions between hormonal pathways are spatially and temporally regulated remains rudimentary. For example, we have demonstrated that although the BR receptor BRI1 is widely expressed, the perception of BRs in epidermal cells is sufficient to control whole-organ growth. Supported by additional recent works, it is apparent that hormones are acting in selected cells of the plant body to regulate organ growth, and furthermore, that local cell-cell communication is an important mechanism. In this proposal our goals were to identify the global profile of translated genes in response to BR stimulation and depletion in specific tissues in Arabidopsis; determine the spatio-temporal dependency of BR response on auxin transport and signaling and construct an interactive public website that will provide an integrated analysis of the data set. Our technology incorporated cell-specific polysome isolation and sequencing using the Solexa technology. In the first aim, we generated and confirmed the specificity of novel transgenic lines expressing tagged ribosomal protein in various cell types in the Arabidopsis primary root. We next crossed these lines to lines with targeted expression of BRI1 in the bri1 background. All lines were treated with BRs for two time points. The RNA-seq of their corresponding immunopurified polysomal RNA is nearly completed and the bioinformatic analysis of the data set will be completed this year. Followed, we will construct an interactive public website (our third aim). In the second aim we started revealing how spatio-temporalBR activity impinges on auxin transport in the Arabidopsis primary root. We discovered the unexpected role of BRs in controlling the expression of specific auxin efflux carriers, post-transcriptionally (Hacham et al, 2012). We also showed that this regulation depends on the specific expression of BRI1 in the epidermis. This complex and long term effect of BRs on auxin transport led us to focus on high resolution analysis of the BR signaling per se. Taking together, our ongoing collaboration and synergistic expertise (hormone action and plant development (IL) and whole-genome scale data analysis (US)) enabled the establishment of a powerful system that will tell us how distinct cell types respond to local and systemic BR signal. BR research is of special agriculture importance since BR application and BR genetic modification have been shown to significantly increase crop yield and to play an important role in plant thermotolerance. Hence, our integrated dataset is valuable for improving crop traits without unwanted impairment of unrelated pathways, for example, establishing semi-dwarf stature to allow increased yield in high planting density, inducing erect leaves for better light capture and consequent biomass increase and plant resistance to abiotic stresses.
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Wright, Kirsten. Collecting Plant Phenology Data In Imperiled Oregon White Oak Ecosystems: Analysis and Recommendations for Metro. Portland State University, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.64.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Highly imperiled Oregon white oak ecosystems are a regional conservation priority of numerous organizations, including Oregon Metro, a regional government serving over one million people in the Portland area. Previously dominant systems in the Pacific Northwest, upland prairie and oak woodlands are now experiencing significant threat, with only 2% remaining in the Willamette Valley in small fragments (Hulse et al. 2002). These fragments are of high conservation value because of the rich biodiversity they support, including rare and endemic species, such as Delphinium leucophaeum (Oregon Department of Agriculture, 2020). Since 2010, Metro scientists and volunteers have collected phenology data on approximately 140 species of forbs and graminoids in regional oak prairie and woodlands. Phenology is the study of life-stage events in plants and animals, such as budbreak and senescence in flowering plants, and widely acknowledged as a sensitive indicator of environmental change (Parmesan 2007). Indeed, shifts in plant phenology have been observed over the last few decades as a result of climate change (Parmesan 2006). In oak systems, these changes have profound implications for plant community composition and diversity, as well as trophic interactions and general ecosystem function (Willis 2008). While the original intent of Metro’s phenology data-collection was to track long-term phenology trends, limitations in data collection methods have made such analysis difficult. Rather, these data are currently used to inform seasonal management decisions on Metro properties, such as when to collect seed for propagation and when to spray herbicide to control invasive species. Metro is now interested in fine-tuning their data-collection methods to better capture long-term phenology trends to guide future conservation strategies. Addressing the regional and global conservation issues of our time will require unprecedented collaboration. Phenology data collected on Metro properties is not only an important asset for Metro’s conservation plan, but holds potential to support broader research on a larger scale. As a leader in urban conservation, Metro is poised to make a meaningful scientific contribution by sharing phenology data with regional and national organizations. Data-sharing will benefit the common goal of conservation and create avenues for collaboration with other scientists and conservation practitioners (Rosemartin 2013). In order to support Metro’s ongoing conservation efforts in Oregon white oak systems, I have implemented a three-part master’s project. Part one of the project examines Metro’s previously collected phenology data, providing descriptive statistics and assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the methods by which the data were collected. Part two makes recommendations for improving future phenology data-collection methods, and includes recommendations for datasharing with regional and national organizations. Part three is a collection of scientific vouchers documenting key plant species in varying phases of phenology for Metro’s teaching herbarium. The purpose of these vouchers is to provide a visual tool for Metro staff and volunteers who rely on plant identification to carry out aspects of their job in plant conservation. Each component of this project addresses specific aspects of Metro’s conservation program, from day-to-day management concerns to long-term scientific inquiry.
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La voz latinoamericana: percepciones sobre integración y comercio: diciembre 2021. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003879.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Desde el Instituto para la Integración de América Latina y el Caribe (INTAL) del Sector de Integración y Comercio (INT) del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) se realizó un análisis de la opinión que los ciudadanos de América Latina tienen sobre la integración regional, así como sobre otros fenómenos vinculados al comercio como la inversión extranjera directa, la digitalización y la inmigración. Los datos utilizados para el estudio corresponden principalmente a los resultados del año 2020 de la encuesta Latinobarómetro, que constituye uno de los principales bancos de datos de opinión pública en América Latina. Se trata de una encuesta de carácter presencial y anual en 18 países de la región, con muestras representativas de cada país, que aplica un cuestionario común con una unidad metodológica y técnica. La encuesta permite captar las diferentes opiniones, actitudes, comportamientos y valores de los latinoamericanos encuestados. Los resultados abarcan una muestra representativa de 600 millones de habitantes y los temas principales de su abordaje y seguimiento son la democracia, el estado de la economía, el desarrollo social de los países y los esfuerzos de integración regional, entre muchas otras temáticas.