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Статті в журналах з теми "Business management- Market"
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Bimpikis, Kostas, Wedad J. Elmaghraby, Ken Moon, and Wenchang Zhang. "Managing Market Thickness in Online Business-to-Business Markets." Management Science 66, no. 12 (December 2020): 5783–822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.3497.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We explore marketplace design in the context of a business-to-business platform specializing in liquidation auctions. Even when the platform’s aggregate levels of supply and demand remain fixed, we establish that the platform’s ability to use its design levers to manage the availability of supply over time yields significant value. We study two such levers, each using the platform’s availability of supply as a means to incentivize participation from buyers who decide strategically when/how often to participate. First, the platform’s listing policy sets the ending times of incoming auctions (hence, the frequency of market clearing). Exploiting a natural experiment, we illustrate that consolidating auctions’ ending times to certain weekdays increases the platform’s revenues by 7.3% mainly by inducing a higher level of bidder participation. The second lever is a recommendation system that can be used to reveal information about real-time market thickness to potential bidders. The optimization of these levers highlights a novel trade-off. Namely, when the platform consolidates auctions’ ending times, more bidders may participate in the marketplace (demand-side competition); but ultimately auctions for substitutable goods cannibalize one another (supply-side competition). To optimize these design decisions, we estimate a structural model that endogenizes bidders’ dynamic behavior, that is, their decisions on whether/how often to participate in the marketplace and how much to bid. We find that appropriately designing a recommendation system yields an additional revenue increase (on top of the benefits obtained by optimizing the platform’s listing policy) by reducing supply-side cannibalization and altering the composition of participating bidders. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
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Qu, Pingbo. "The Future Development Direction and Management Mode of Enterprise Business Management." Learning & Education 10, no. 8 (June 20, 2022): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/l-e.v10i8.3140.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the continuous development of social market economy, China’s support for businesses in emerging industries, many emerging enterprise in a market economy gradually back on its feet, and to participate in market competition, to make our country enterprise in the market environment increasingly fierce competition, therefore, enterprises must shoulder responsibility of business, to ensure the good market environment, Only a green and healthy market environment can guarantee the healthy development of enterprises and solve the problems in the development process of enterprises.
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Antczak, Assoc Prof Stefan. "MARKET MANAGEMENT IN MARKET ACTIVITY." Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Sztuki Wojennej 114, no. 1 (November 17, 2019): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5765.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article points to the social aspects of marketing in the market activity of business entities. It results in the processual character of management in the exchange of products (values) between two sides of the market (demand and supply), which consists of two market groups (two groups of people). It is these groups of people that are the subject of management, including those involved in the implementation of its basic functions, necessary for the implementation of the objectives of market activity. This subjective character of management was presented in selected economic entities.
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Kazakov, Sergei. "The impact of market orientation levels on business performance results." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 8, no. 3 (June 13, 2016): 296–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-02-2016-0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of market orientation on a companyµs business performance in a service industry using one of the emerging markets as a research setting. Design/methodology/approach The examination of two recognized MKTOR and MARCOR market orientation concepts in this paper led to the development of a market orientation model in a service industry that considers the local specifics of doing business. The model was tested in a study of 133 businesses that operate in a Russian service industry. The data analysis was completed to investigate and measure the impact of the market orientation level on a company’s business performance. Findings The data analysis following the field study determines that market orientation delivers a positive impact on the company’s overall business performance. Practical implications Inter-functional coordination should receive broad attention from company management, as this market orientation element is the most vital for business performance – especially in service industries. Accompanying model elements also provide leverage to business performance that should not be overlooked. Synchronized utilization of the market orientation model elements has a very positive impact on the company’s business. Originality/value This research paper contributes to an array of publications dedicated to market orientation in one of the most multifaceted emerging markets, the Russian Federation. It is also the first time that the market orientation concept has been applied by service industry organizations in Russia.
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Oyedele, Adesegun. "Emerging market global business model innovation." Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship 18, no. 1 (July 11, 2016): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrme-11-2015-0050.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose Developing a global business model requires a clear understanding of the market conditions in the global marketplace. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of emerging market conditions on the key building blocks of Osterwalder’s business model canvas. Design/methodology/approach The paper explains the basic framework of Osterwalder’s business model and evaluation of relevant dimensions of emerging market characteristics and the effect of these dimensions on creating global business models in emerging markets. Findings Global business models in emerging market must evaluate and account for important market conditions, such as the power of non-governmental institutions, the effect of clientelism and prevalence of informal institutional flux. Practical implications When developing a global business model, researchers and managers should understand market conditions will not only shape the cost structure and revenue stream but also make a company to change its value proposition entirely. Originality/value The main value of this paper is recognizing and assessing the effects of emerging market conditions on Osterwalder’s business model framework.
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Umurzakov, Sardor. "Business Process Management in Financial and Non-Financial Institutions: Payment Process Modelling in Financial Flows Management." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 3, no. 5 (2017): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.35.1006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Business process management is a progressively developing area of science, which is seen as the most modern and forward-looking innovative. Modern business operations remain highly dependent on IT solutions to steer the processes. Business process management solutions have been the clue for easing daily business operations. IT solutions have actively penetrated the working environment in all areas of business, especially the financial sector. It is beyond to imagine modern financial markets and institutions without IT software support. Not only billing, calculation and payment processes, even stock pricing, market analysis and risk monitor tools are fully computerized through business process modeling. This article studies the current role of business process management in the sample of internal payment and transaction in non-financial and financial firms.
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Ghaffari Fard, Rozita, Vijayta Fulzele, and Jitender Kumar. "NIVA: business expansion dilemma." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 12, no. 4 (November 15, 2022): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-12-2021-0404.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Learning outcomes The purpose of this case is to expose readers to the dilemma of expanding domestically or internationally and simultaneously taking key decisions while expanding the business to the international markets. It could be a foundational case for understanding international expansion and growth strategies. After the case analysis, students would be able to: • understand the potential of the domestic market and the factors affecting the international expansion; • evaluate the various methods to enter an international market; • identify the challenges of expanding a business into emerging markets such as India; • analyze the various growth and expansion strategies in an emerging market such as India; and • assess the online promotion strategies in an emerging market. Case overview/synopsis NIVA, The Satin Collection, is a manufacturer and distributor of a luxury collection of silk and satin products. Founded in 2020, NIVA is based in Dubai with more than 1,000 customers. The products include silk bedding, silk sleepwear, fashion accessories and reusable satin masks, and they are made-to-order, custom-made and tailored locally in Dubai. Currently, all the operations are run and managed by the company’s founder, Purva. The only operation which is outsourced is the stitching process. The company is completely operating online and is currently promoting products only through social media platforms such as Instagram and Facebook. Purva is planning to expand her business. The two options are extending her existing operations in the UAE and expanding to other emerging markets, starting with India. Purva needs to decide on a suitable internationalization strategy to decide whether it is the right decision to enter the Indian market, including an entry and promotion strategy in her target market. In addition, she needs to decide whether to continue with NIVA’s current business model in India. There might also be additional possible challenges for NIVA in entering the Indian market. Complexity academic level Postgraduate MBA students, other graduate-level management programs and undergraduate-level students. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 5: International Business.
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Medias, Fahmi, Ahmad Muflih Akbar, Niko Hantoro, Ahmad Imaduddien Akmal, Ibnu Fajar, and Farizi Makruf. "PELATIHAN PEMASARAN PRODUK PASAR MELALUI MARKET PLACE DALAM RANGKA SEKOLAH PASAR BAGI PEDAGANG PASAR REJOWINANGUN MAGELANG." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Khatulistiwa 3, no. 2 (November 26, 2020): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31932/jpmk.v3i2.783.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rejowinangun Market which is located in the heart of Magelang City is one of the traditional markets that has historical attachment to the socio-economic development of the people of Magelang City. The inability of traditional markets to compete with modern markets is a problem that must be resolved immediately. One example of a problem that occurs in business management is the lack of use of online media to market goods in the market. Market schools for traders are implemented to provide solutions to these problems so as to improve the ability of traders in terms of business management and can market goods through online media, so that transactions between sellers and buyers can occur directly (in the market) and indirectly (online store) . Community empowerment through the Participatory Rural Apraissal (PRA) model is very effective in helping market traders improve competitiveness with modern markets. The results of this market school show that the implementation of business management for traders has a significant influence in increasing business profits, increasing market competitiveness by optimizing online stores for market traders 'products, and increasing the marketing mix of market traders' products.
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Hussain, Marwan Rajeh, Abduljalil Zainal, Wael Mohamed Elmedany, and Mohamed Waleed Fakhr. "Telematics Business and Management in Bahrain Market." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2013-0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The aim of this paper is to present and discuss issues related to the telematics business and management in Bahrain. Telematics is a part of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), which plays a major role in the economic development of countries. Telematics applications are becoming increasingly important in modern transportation to increase reliability, safety and security of both vehicles and drivers. There are many applications for telematics; some of these applications are telematics for educations, telematics for health, and vehicle telematics. One of the most important applications of telematics is vehicle telematics, which includes vehicle tracking, fleet management, container tracking, trail tracking. In this paper we are focusing on vehicle telematics business and management in Bahrain market.
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Wu, Peng, Lei Gao, and Tingting Gu. "Business strategy, market competition and earnings management." Chinese Management Studies 9, no. 3 (August 3, 2015): 401–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-12-2014-0225.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships among business strategy, market competition and earnings management. Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses 2,037 Chinese A-share listed firms from 2010 to 2012 to test the research questions using regression analyses. Findings – The firms that follow cost leadership strategy (cost leaders) are more likely to have a higher level of real earnings management. The firms that follow differentiation strategy (differentiators) are less likely to use real earnings management. For cost leaders, the market competition further increases the level of real earnings management, whereas the level of earnings management of differentiators is not significantly impacted by the market competition. Practical implications – Results of this study indicate the feasibility of differentiation strategy in China and suggest that management should be encouraged to use such a strategy or to use a hybrid strategy to achieve its operational and financial goals. Originality/value – The study contributes to the research of earning management by providing evidence on that business strategy has significant impacts on earnings management. It also shows an incremental influence of market competition on earnings management through its impacts on business strategy.
Дисертації з теми "Business management- Market"
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Taghian, Mehdi, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Market fit, market orientation, and business performance: An empirical investigation." Deakin University. Deakin Business School, 2004. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050915.135152.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis investigated the congruence of an organisation to its intended target markets. It was hypothesised that the internal activities of an organisation are, potentially, structured in response to its market dynamics with the ultimate aim of achieving the organisational objective(s). Market fit has been conceptualised to represent the fit of an organisation to its operating market environment. The information for this study was collected from senior marketing decision makers, using a self-administered questionnaire. The sample comprised 216 companies from a mix of industries and organisational sizes in Australia.
There is evidence to suggest that the association of market orientation and business performance is inconsistent under different business operating circumstances, due to the exclusion of the influence of key environmental moderators. The model of market fit attempts to overcome this condition. The results suggest that market fit is associated with measures of business performance, and the levels of association are different from those related to the market orientation measures, reflecting the influence of moderators. The categories of environmental moderators contributing at different levels to the market fit measure include: (1) marketing planning, (2) implementation of marketing decisions, (3) market orientation, (4) market strength, (5) generic strategies, (6) organisational culture, (7) familiarity with the marketing audit, and (8) the external environment. The marketing audit procedure has been recommended as a tool to assist with the establishment and maintenance of market fit. The results of this study indicate that organisational familiarity with, and the conduct of, the marketing audit periodically are low, and that market fit may be a better predictor of business performance, than is market orientation.
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Bäckius, Björn, and Jimmy Henriksson. "Earnings Management & Market Cap Borders : Indications of Opportunistic Management Behavior Motivated by Market Structure." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-155557.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We investigate if firms close to entering, or exiting, a market capitalization list is more prone to manage their earnings upwards than other firms, due to the benefits of the extra liquidity and media coverage gained from being listed on a ‘larger’ list. In order to measure the level of earnings management in our focal firms we use the discretionary accruals as proxy with the Jones Model (1991) as base. Overall, the focal firms had higher discretionary accrual values. When correcting for size- and performance effect, we obtained significant results at a 10 % level that our focal firms manage their earnings in a wider extent. Also, firms close to the Small/Midcap border manage their earnings in a wider extent than the other firms listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange.
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Mancini, Angelo J. "Dynamic release management| A market intensity approach." Thesis, The University of Chicago, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3725520.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Release management is the process by which a firm decides how to construct, sequence, and time new releases of its products. Given that it takes time to develop new functionality, release managers must weigh the benefits of adding features to the product against the necessary increase in development time. A prolonged development cycle postpones the time at which the manager's firm begins to extract revenues from the new release, and magnifies the risk that rival firms will preempt the manager's release by issuing products of their own. In this work, we study the release management problem from an operational perspective that accounts for ambient market intensity.
After a brief introduction in Chapter 1, we present a mixed-integer non-linear program (MINLP) formulation of the release management problem developed in collaboration with managers at a large software firm (LSF) in Chapter 2. The MINLP model accounts for market intensity through a modified discount factor, and we focus on the specification, viability, and consequences of this approach to modeling market intensity in Chapter 3. We reformulate the release management problem as a semi-Markov decision process (SMDP), and provide conditions under which there exists a modified discount factor that accurately reflects the impact of market intensity. This modified discount factor depends only on the statistical properties of the market intensity process, and can emerge naturally in a multi-firm equilibrium. In Chapter 4, we examine the methodological foundations of our approach to modeling market intensity, showing that our results extend well-beyond the confines of release management. We summarize our results and comment on further research in Chapter 5.
To our knowledge, this work is the first to study the release management problem from a combinatorial perspective that accounts for market intensity. Our results extend to any setting in which managers must make operational decisions and simultaneously cope with the aggregate market intensity of the manager's industry.
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Christiansen, Filip, and Matilda Tranell. "Data Management and Business Opportunities inEmerging Smart Metering Market." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-206975.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Major changes in the energy systems throughout Europe have resulted in the implementation of new technologies such as smart grids and meters, enabling a two-way flow of information and electricity. This results in large volumes of metering data which needs to be efficiently managed for market and grid operational purposes. In addition to this, a new market for third parties seeking to enhance and convert data into valuable information has emerged. Current data management strategies vary between countries, resulting in a great diversity of data management models. To reach consensus, the European Commission has developed three theoretical reference models in order to cover all possible options. For the success of third parties, it is important to understand the rather complex mechanisms of these reference models. This can ease the process of recognizing the implemented data management model on a given market, as well as the interaction with related obstacles or barriers, in order to determine business opportunities. This report aims to present market conditions for third party actors in two European countries that have implemented different data management models. The Netherlands and Great Britain are selected based on certain conditions. With existing theories of the reference models, the actual models will be defined in each country. Key barriers are also identified. This report will then study how appropriate the implemented models are in relation to the barriers. Therefore, these two countries will also serve as case studies for evaluating the applicability of the reference models. In the Netherlands, case 1 of the reference models is identified per definition, although a transitioning towards case 2 can be observed. The major barrier consists of privacy concerns although customer engagement is becoming a central focus. In relation to these issues, targeted regulations seems to have more positive impact than the implemented model. The Dutch market is evolving and it is shown that the customers are open to new innovative services, although the intent to purchase such services is low. A central point of access to data facilitates efficient data management, however this only includes data with a 15 minute frequency. Data with a 10 second update interval can currently be accessed only via a physical smart meter port. In Great Britain, parts from both reference model 2 and 3 are implemented and the main barrier is currently customer engagement. The model has been developed with high emphasis on earlier privacy concerns, but it has potential to also address customer engagement by supporting innovation and new services. However, earlier restrictive regulations have only allowed certain feedback services, i.e. In Home Displays, to be offered to customers. As of 2015, other options are allowed which opens up a promising market for third party actors. Data can be accessed either centrally, with half-hourly updates, or via so called Consumer Access Devices providing data with updates every 10 second. A gap between the theoretical models and reality is observed; theoretical benefits are not always evident in practice. It is also observed how all possible data flows are not always properly described or included in data management model mappings. Therefore, it is important for third parties to look beyond such mappings to understand the access to certain data that fits their purpose. At last, privacy concerns can be eased through increased customer awareness and empowerment, which is also related to the receptivity to innovations among customers.Uppkomsten av smarta elnät och elmätare möjliggör ett dubbelriktat flöde av information i elnät. Detta ger upphov till stora datamängder och för marknadsaktiviteter och elnätsrelaterade åtaganden krävs därför en effektiv datahantering. Dessutom uppstår en ny marknad för tredjepartsaktörer som kan använda datan och göra om den till värdefull information. Strategier för hur datahanteringen ska gå till skiljer sig åt mellan länder och mångfalden är stor. Europeiska Kommissionen har tagit fram tre olika teoretiska referensmodeller för att uppnå konsensus inom detta område. Dessa modeller kan fungera som verktyg för tredjepartsaktörer i syfte att identifiera verkliga modeller för datahantering. Dessutom kan de ge värdefull information om relationen mellan datahantering och försvårande omständigheter; något som är viktigt att förstå för att bedöma marknadsmöjligheter. Målet med denna rapport är att presentera marknadsmöjligheter för tredjepartsaktörer i två europeiska länder som har olika modeller för datahantering. Utifrån särskilda kriterier väljs Nederländerna och England. Med hjälp av existerande teori kring referensmodellerna definieras de reella modellerna i länderna. Därefter utreder rapporten hur lämpliga de reella modellerna är i relation till identifierade barriärer. Därmed fungerar de två länderna även som fallstudier för utvärdering av applicerbarheten hos referensmodellerna. I Nederländerna identifieras den verkliga modellen för datahantering som en variant av modell 1 av referensmodellerna, och en utveckling mot modell 2 kan observeras. Den avgörande barriären är integritetsrelaterad, men kundengagemang blir ett alltmer centralt fokus. I relation till dessa problem kan det konstateras att specifika regleringar har större positiv genomslagskraft än själva modellen. Den holländska marknaden befinner sig i ett tidigt utvecklingsstadie men det har visat sig att kunder är positivt inställda till innovativa tjänster. Effektiv datahantering främjas av en central åtkomstpunkt, men detta inkluderar endast data med en uppdateringsfrekvens om 15 minuter. Data med uppdateringsfrekvens om 10 sekunder är tillgänglig via en fysisk port på själva elmätaren. I England identifieras den verkliga modellen för datahantering som delar av både referensmodell 2 och 3, och den största barriären är brist på kundengagemang. Tidigare utbredda integritetsproblem har delvis utformat modellen, men trots detta återfinns positiva funktioner sett till rådande utmaning då modellen främjar högre innovationsnivåer för tjänster. Regleringar har dock tidigare begränsat utbudet av sådana tjänster till endast s.k In Home Displays. Under 2015 förändrades denna reglering vilket medför lovande marknadsmöjligheter för tredjepartsaktörer. Datatillgång sker antingen via en central åtkomstpunkt, med en uppdateringsfrekvensen om 30 minuter, eller via s.k Consumer Access Devices där uppdateringsfrekvensen är 10 sekunder. Ett gap mellan de teoretiska modellerna och den verkliga implementeringen kan observeras eftersom teoretiskt beskrivna fördelar inte alltid förekommer i praktiken. En annan viktig upptäckt är att visualiseringar av datamodeller inte alltid beskriver eller inkluderar samtliga dataflöden. Därmed bör tredjepartsaktörer inte enbart förlita sig på sådana kartläggningar; andra metoder kan vara nödvändiga för att bedöma tillgången till nödvändig data. Till sist kan det konstateras att integritetsproblem kan motverkas med metoder som ökar uppmärksamheten hos kunder. Ett viktigt samband mellan detta och mottagligheten för innovation hos kunderna kan påvisas.
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Moye, Ashley. "Market Orientation in Government Markets and Veteran-Owned Small Businesses." Thesis, Walden University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10125164.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Inadequate resources, poor market strategy, competition, contract regulation, and disparate performance outcomes are issues small business owners face while competing for government contracts. The purpose of this correlational study was to examine the market orientation-business performance relationship and the influence of market factors among veteran-owned small businesses competing for government contracts in the United States. A survey with adapted MARKOR and Government Regulation Lassez-Faire scales was administered to 203 veteran-owned small business owners. Resource-advantage theory served as the theoretical foundation for this study. The results of the multiple linear regression were significant, suggesting that market orientation relates to firm performance and total contract revenue. However, the regression models had a poor fit, with R2 values ranging from .019 to .094, suggesting that significant results of this study lacked the power to conclude predictive accuracy. Market orientation did not significantly relate to contract bid to win rate and number of years in the government market. The PROCESS moderation analysis provided mixed results for market factors’ influence on the market orientation relationship with business performance outcomes. Study participants were market-oriented, with few seeing corresponding success. The introduction of new variables is necessary to make future models useful. Implications for positive social change include guidance for better-fitting models, ones that will inform the efforts to improve the survivability of small businesses in the B2G market. Veteran-owned small business owners should not waste resources on market orientation as a sole strategic focus for capturing and winning government contracts.
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Bieger, Jasper, and Keegan Floquet. "The fundamental drivers of stock market liquidity : international, emerging markets and African evidence." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53638.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003ENGLISH ABSTRACT: According to the World Bank's leading economists Beck and Demlrquc-Kunt one of the major competitive advantages of countries competing for long-term economic growth is the existence of an efficient and liquid domestic stock market. A number of studies have already been performed to examine solitary aspects of stock liquidity, however, rather little work has been done to comprehensively investigate its fundamental set of determinants. Furthermore, none of these studies has ever attempted to specifically focus on African stock markets. Consequently, this study aims to determine the fundamental set of drivers of stock market liquidity in general terms and to investigate the specific conditions of African equity exchanges as part of the group of emerging stock markets. Data for three different samples is collected - comprising a maximum of 46 countries and 17 annual data points - and regression analysis is employed to analyse the relationship between stock market turnover as a proxy for liquidity and a set a potential predictors. Several pure cross-sectional as well as dynamic panel regression models are designed and the results reveal that the four predictors, comprising: number of listed companies, country credit rating, severe restrictions on foreign investors and geographical location on the African continent constitute the fundamental set of drivers of stock market liquidity. In the specific case of African stock markets, domestic banking sector development tends to be the strongest determinant of stock liquidity. This study provides a great deal of value to governments and exchange managers alike; however, it should be regarded as a starting point for subsequent papers analysing the fundamental determinants of stock liquidity. For future research efforts it is recommended to expand the set of potential predictors and specifically focus on the contemporaneous component of the relation between stock market liquidity and its determinants.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Volgens die Wêreldbank se voorste ekonome, Beck en Dernirquc-Kunt, is een van die grootste mededingende voordele van lande wat meeding om langtermyn ekonomiese groei, die bestaan van 'n doeltreffende en likiede binnelandse aandelebeurs. 'n Aantal studies is reeds gedoen om die afsonderlike aspekte van effekte-likiditeit te ondersoek, maar redelik min werk is egter gedoen om die fundamentele bepalende faktore omvattend na te vors. Verder het geeneen van hierdie studies ooit probeer om spesifiek op Afrika-aandelebeurse te fokus nie. Gevolglik poog hierdie studie om die fundamentele stel drywers van aandelebeurslikiditeit in die algemeen te bepaal en om die spesifieke omstandighede van Afrika-aandelebeurse as deel van die groep ontwikkelende aandelebeurse te ondersoek. Data is versamel vir drie verskillende steekgroepe - bestaande uit 'n maksimum van 46 lande en 17 jaarlikse datapunte - en 'n regressie-analise is gebruik om die verhouding tussen aandelebeurs-omset as 'n aanduiding van likiditeit en 'n stel potensiële aanwysers te bepaal. Verskeie gewone kruisgewyse sowel as dinamiese paneelregressiemodelle is ontwerp en die resultate toon dat vier aanwysers, naamlik die aantal genoteerde maatskappye, die land se kredietgradering, ernstige beperkings op buitelandse beleggers en geografiese ligging op die Afrika-vasteland, die fundamentele stel drywers van aandelebeurs-likiditeit is. In die spesifieke geval van Afrika-aandelebeurse wil dit voorkom asof die ontwikkeling van 'n binnelandse banksektor die sterkste bepaler van effekte-likiditeit is. Hierdie studie is van waarde vir beide regerings en valutabestuurders. Dit moet egter as 'n beginpunt beskou word vir verdere studies wat die fundamentele bepalers van effekte-likiditeit analiseer. Vir verdere navorsingspogings word voorgestel dat die versameling moontlike aanwysers uitgebrei word en dat daar spesifiek gefokus word op die gelyktydige komponent van die verhouding tussen aandelebeurs-likiditeit en en sy bepalers.
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Yamamoto, Kan. "Kirin : business strategies for the Japanese beer market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99042.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 100-103).
Some scholars argue that Japanese companies show excellence in developing operational effectiveness but rarely have strategies (e.g., Porter, 1996). One reason might be the persistent mindset (especially among large companies), formed during Japan's rapid growth period, which prioritized the pursuit of effective production and broad distribution of products to fully realize market growth, rather than adopting a distinct competitive strategy. Although the Japanese economy has been stagnant for more than two decades, the above-described mindset remains deeply embedded in the guise of "continuous improvement" or "customers are everything"- strategies that are still found across many Japanese industries. Another reason for the lack of strategies relates to the fact that, during the economic stagnation, an increasing number of companies have diversified their business portfolio in the search for new growth opportunities overseas. While globalization itself is a reasonable option even inevitable for some industries-implementing such a corporate strategy can lead some companies to vague business strategies. Moving into another industry can make management even more complicated (Markides, 1999), requiring that the strategy of each business must be given considerable attention when a firm embarks on globalization. This thesis explores Kirin's strategy for its Japanese beer business based on the factors described above. Although each player in the beer business worked hard to improve its product development and customer-facing skills in order to survive in a market that has been in decline for the past nearly twenty years, in the end every player competes fiercely for the same customers while offering similar products in the same fields. Ironically, this homogeneous effort maintains commoditization of the entire market over the long run. Product strategies or operational improvements are not enough to move away from this conundrum; Kirin needs a new business strategy, immediately. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to explore what distinct strategic position(s) Kirin should adopt and what type of organizational system it should develop in the future. Through my analysis of Kirin using strategic frameworks and case studies, I found that Kirin has managed to survive the competition so far, cultivating many and varied capabilities in response to external changes. However, to deal with possible mid- and long-term changes in the beer market and the business model currently in place, Kirin has to review its strategic position and reform its organizational environment to focus on the development of new capabilities. Note: The views expressed in this thesis are solely my own and do not necessarily reflect the views of Kirin Holding Co. Ltd., my employer.
by Kan Yamamoto.
M.B.A.
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Hugill, Andrea Read. "Strategies for the Non-Market Environment." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:16881894.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT 1: This paper examines whether mobile telecom operators with access to different
kinds of knowledge pursue different strategies in politically risky markets. Using
data from 2000-2010 I find that firms with country-specific knowledge, gained
via presence in the local market, and general knowledge, gained through a long
history of operations, were more likely to increase or maintain investment and
operations even as political risk rose to the highest levels while peer firms drop
both investment and operations. Firms with market-risk knowledge, gained
through previous experience confronting political risk, drop investment similar to
peer firms but increase operations to capitalize on their short-term competitive
advantage. Therefore, country-risk knowledge and general knowledge are
associated with strategies that are durable to political risk, while market-risk
knowledge is associated with the distinct strategy for political risk of increased
operations. These results contribute to the literature by documenting distinct
market-based strategies for firms with differing knowledge sets that remain in a
market as political risk rises.
ABSTRACT 2: Scholars of corporate governance have debated the relative importance of country and
firm characteristics in understanding corporate governance variation across emerging economies.
Using panel data and a number of model specifications, we shed new light on this debate. We
find that firm characteristics are as important as and often meaningfully more important than
country characteristics. In fact, 16.8% percent of firms in emerging economies have been able to
exceed the 75th percentile of ratings in developed economies. Our results suggest that over
recent years firms in emerging economies had more capability to rise above weak home-country
institutions than previously suggested.
ABSTRACT 3: Outsourcing firms seeking to avoid reputational spillovers that can arise from dangerous,
illegal, and unethical behavior at supply chain factories increasingly rely on private social
auditors to provide strategic information about the conduct of their suppliers. But little is
known about what influences auditors’ ability to identify and report poor supplier
conduct. We find that individual supply chain auditors’ monitoring practices are shaped
by social factors including their experience, gender, and professional training; their
ongoing relationships with suppliers; and the gender diversity of their audit teams.
Providing the first comprehensive and systematic findings on supply chain monitoring,
our study identifies previously overlooked transaction costs and suggests strategies to
develop governance structures to mitigate reputational spillover risks by reducing
information asymmetries between themselves and their suppliers.
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Harness, Tina. "From markets to manpower : an investigation into market characteristics, business strategies and human resource strategies." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285620.
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Qu, Riliang. "Market orientation of hotels and travel services in China's internaitona tourism market." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247130.
Повний текст джерелаКниги з теми "Business management- Market"
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A, Narus James, ed. Teaching business market management. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1999.
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Quek, Swee Lip. Business warfare: Management for market conquest. Lewes: Book Guild, 1995.
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Brezen, Block Tamara, ed. Business-to-business market research. 2nd ed. Mason, Ohio: Texere, 2005.
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Aaker, David A. Strategic market management. 6th ed. New York: John Wiley & Son, 2003.
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Strategic market management. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley, 2014.
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L, Pass C., and Sanderson Stuart, eds. Companies and markets: Understanding business strategy and the market environment. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Business, 1994.
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Patten, Dave. How to Market Your Business. London: Kogan Page Publishers, 2008.
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Djordjevic, Sinisa M. Radioactive waste management business. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 1998.
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Kleinman, Philip. Market research: Head counting becomes big business. London: Comedia Pub. Group, 1985.
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C, Anderson James. Business market management: Understanding, creating, and delivering value. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1999.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Business management- Market"
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Zimmerman, Alan, and Jim Blythe. "Market research." In Business to Business Marketing Management, 99–128. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003164036-7.
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Zimmerman, Alan, and Jim Blythe. "Market research." In Business to Business Marketing Management, 83–108. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315564098-6.
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Zimmerman, Alan, and Jim Blythe. "Market entry tactics." In Business to Business Marketing Management, 153–81. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003164036-9.
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Zimmerman, Alan, and Jim Blythe. "Market entry tactics." In Business to Business Marketing Management, 129–52. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315564098-8.
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López-Fernández, Andrée Marie. "Performance Management." In Business Leadership and Market Competitiveness, 49–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03347-7_3.
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López-Fernández, Andrée Marie. "Collaborator Management." In Business Leadership and Market Competitiveness, 71–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03347-7_4.
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Graves, Tom S. "Business Architectures for Niche-Market Enterprises." In Business Architecture Management, 271–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14571-6_14.
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Silva, Titus De. "SP 035 Market Research." In Integrating Business Management Processes, 387–89. New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Productivity Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003042846-104.
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Chaston, Ian. "E-Market Positioning." In Small Business E-Commerce Management, 104–23. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-09559-6_6.
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Witzany, Jiří. "Market Risk Measurement and Management." In Springer Texts in Business and Economics, 141–222. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51751-9_5.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Business management- Market"
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Kuznetsova, Natalia, Zhanna Pisarenko, and Liudmila Lobanova. "FINANCIAL CONGLOMERATE IDENTIFICATION BY FINANCIAL MARKETS REGULATORS: CASE OF DEVELOPED AND EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES." In Business and Management 2018. VGTU Technika, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2018.49.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper examines financial conglomerates as an innovative form of integration from different sec-tors of the world financial market. The authors reveal their features, advantages and risks. The goal of the paper is an empirical cross-country analysis of financial conglomerate identification by finan-cial markets regulators. There is no common approach to such a consolidated entity as financial con-glomerate among both researchers and regulators. The blurring of the dividing lines between financial sectors is of great importance too. The development of a conceptual apparatus, the theory and anal-ysis of a financial conglomerate has become of considerable importance.
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Maknickienė, Nijolė, Ieva Kekytė, and Algirdas Maknickas. "COMPUTATION INTELLIGENCE BASED DAILY ALGORITHMIC STRATEGIES FOR TRADING IN THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET." In Business and Management 2018. VGTU Technika, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2018.53.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Successful trading in financial markets is not possible without a support system that manages the preparation of the data, prediction system, and risk management and evaluates the trading efficien-cy. Selected orthogonal data was used to predict exchange rates by applying recurrent neural network (RNN) software based on the open source framework Keras and the graphical processing unit (GPU) NVIDIA GTX1070 to accelerate RNN learning. The newly developed software on the GPU predicted ten high-low distributions in approximately 90 minutes. This paper compares different daily algorith-mic trading strategies based on four methods of portfolio creation: split equally, optimisation, orthogonality, and maximal expectations. Each investigated portfolio has opportunities and limita-tions dependent on market state and behaviour of investors, and the efficiencies of the trading sup-port systems for investors in foreign exchange market were tested in a demo FOREX market in real time and compared with similar results obtained for risk-free rates.
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Matulaityte-Feldhausen, Milda, and Romualdas Ginevicius. "Strategies of national lithuanian companies to enter international markets." In Business and Management 2016. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2016.44.
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Restoration of independence of Lithuania in 1990 led to highly successful transition from centrally planned economy to market economy within only two decades. New challenges for domestic companies came up, to be a part of internationalization and globalization. It became necessary to develop strategies for national companies to enter international markets and to make the optimal choice of entry mode. The main emphasis is put on the choice between traditional modes of market entry as casual export and new possible entry modes. Typical factors as emigration, intercultural differences etc. are analysed to show how to use domestic market weaknesses to create strengths for entry strategies.
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Koroseczné Dr. Pavlin, Rita, Anett Parádi-Dolgos, and Zoltán Sipiczki. "CROP INSURANCE MARKET IN HUNGARY." In 5th Business & Management Conference, Rome. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/bmc.2017.005.008.
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Simonov, Kirill. "Two-sided market as technological template for exhibition business model." In 11th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2020“. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2020.503.
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Purpose of the study – to form two-sided network market on discrete sequence of thematically identical short-term periodic trade shows. Methods of the investigation are based on the theory of two-sided markets, the theory of industry markets and entrepreneurship, management theory, logistics theory, the theory of systems. Results of the investigation: process model was developed for transforming plat-form's resources and its parties into intermediary services of exhibition organizer; exhibition market was proved to belong to the category of Rochet & Tirole markets; toolkit of two-sided markets theory was used to develop the concept of value creation management in exhibition market network; features of logistics support for exhibition business were analyzed. All these findings lay foundations of exhibition two-sided network markets theory, created to provide methodological support for exhibition business.
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Rozentale, Sarmite, Agita Livina, Sandra Brigsa, Aigars Andersons, and Ieva Kreituze. "Future labour market demand in vidzeme region, Latvia." In Business and Management 2016. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2016.18.
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The objective of the study was to identify employers’ needs of the future labour market in 5–7 years in Vidzeme Region. The data were obtained from a quantitative survey of employers and expert interviews according to Delphi method. Experts believe that some brand new profession may appear, but mostly changes will affect the contents of the professions and the required skills. As regards the topicality of occupations within the next five years, the experts all agree on priority of information and communication services and related professions. The second most frequently mentioned is the processing industry, since a change in the working specifics will require employees, able to use complicated equipment.
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Okreglicka, Małgorzata, Anna Lemanska-Majdzik, and Iwona Gorzen-Mitka. "LEARNING ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR ADAPTABILITY TO MARKET ENVIRONMENT." In Business and Management 2016. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2016.49.
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To achieve an economic success many economic entities decided to adopt the rules and principles of learning organizations. The main aim of this article is to identify and analyze the selected aspect of the adaptability to the market environment in the group of learning enterprises in Poland. The verification of the hypothesis, presented in the paper, has been based on the results of questionnaire empirical studies conducted in 2016 on a group of 250 SMEs in Poland. The studies resulted in finding statistical dependencies that show the correlation between the level of organizational learning and adapting to changes appearing in the environment.
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Benabed, Anis, and Andreea Boeru. "Globalization of the Stock Market and the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Challenging Businesses." In Eighth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2022.1.
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This paper presents and describes the globalization-influenced stock market and business trends. Globalization introduces profound changes and challenges in development conditions. This pattern is manifested in the economic and business spheres. Indeed, Globalization dictates its laws, one of its fundamental characteristics is the internationalization of production, financial markets and the free movement of capital across national borders. As a methodology for this study, we reviewed the existing literature, which was the first step in our research and focused on data analysis as well. The results show that since artificial intelligence, businesses and the stock market are phenomena, elements and some of the results of Globalization, we found out that all of them are connected, especially after the appearance and integration of digitalization that facilitates more opportunities between the traders and the stock market. The conclusions show that in stages of globalization, the growth of artificial intelligence and other forms of automated technology are necessary for the stock market. Artificial intelligence is necessary for business operations and trade opportunities, on the other hand by using it more it becomes more intelligent. All this is important for the Stock market because globalizing the stock market needs artificial intelligence (AI), business opportunities and operations that are challenging from one market to another.
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Lazarević-Moravčević, Marija, Ivana Domazet, and Milena Lazić. "Characteristics of Market Communication in Modern Business." In 26th International Scientific Conference Strategic Management and Decision Support Systems in Strategic Management. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Economics in Subotica, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46541/978-86-7233-397-8_134.
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Bullinger, Hans-Jorg, Rainer Nagele, Marc Rueger, and Dietmar Fischer. "Business Model innovation: From technology market to market success." In 2016 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/picmet.2016.7806562.
Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "Business management- Market"
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Nechaev, V., Володимир Миколайович Соловйов, and A. Nagibas. Complex economic systems structural organization modelling. Politecnico di Torino, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1118.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the well-known results of the theory of management is the fact, that multi-stage hierarchical organization of management is unstable. Hence, the ideas expressed in a number of works by Don Tapscott on advantages of network organization of businesses over vertically integrated ones is clear. While studying the basic tendencies of business organization in the conditions of globalization, computerization and internetization of the society and the results of the financial activities of the well-known companies, the authors arrive at the conclusion, that such companies, as IBM, Boeing, Mercedes-Benz and some others companies have not been engaged in their traditional business for a long time. Their partner networks performs this function instead of them. The companies themselves perform the function of system integrators. The Tapscott’s idea finds its confirmation within the framework of a new powerful direction of the development of the modern interdisciplinary science – the theory of the complex networks (CN) [2]. CN-s are multifractal objects, the loss of multifractality being the indicator of the system transition from more complex state into more simple state. We tested the multifractal properties of the data using the wavelet transform modulus maxima approach in order to analyze scaling properties of our company. Comparative analysis of the singularity spectrumf(®), namely, the difference between maximum and minimum values of ® (∆ = ®max ¡ ®min) shows that IBM company is considerably more fractal in comparison with Apple Computer. Really, for it the value of ∆ is equal to 0.3, while for the vertically integrated company Apple it only makes 0.06 – 5 times less. The comparison of other companies shows that this dependence is of general character. Taking into consideration the fact that network organization of business has become dominant in the last 5-10 years, we carried out research for the selected companies in the earliest possible period of time which was determined by the availability of data in the Internet, or by historically later beginning of stock trade of computer companies. A singularity spectrum of the first group of companies turned out to be considerably narrower, or shifted toward the smaller values of ® in the pre-network period. The latter means that dynamic series were antipersistant. That is, these companies‘ management was rigidly controlled while the impact of market mechanisms was minimized. In the second group of companies if even the situation did changed it did not change for the better. In addition, we discuss applications to the construction of portfolios of stock that have a stable ratio of risk to return.
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Ozano, Kim, Andrew Roby, and Jacob Tompkins. Learning Journey on Water Security: UK Water Offer. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The overarching goals for the UK in relation to global water security are to; tackle and reverse growing water insecurity and its consequences caused by depletion and degradation of natural water sources; and address poor water management and increasing demand. To do this, the UK has a well-developed water ‘offer’ that together can help reach the goal of global water security. This note details some of that water offer: UK water leadership: The UK developed the concept of modern sanitation and water supply, with an early example being the Victorian Bazalgette London sewer; Ownership and regulation: The UK has four models of ownership: government department in Northern Ireland, GoCo in Scotland, Mutual in Wales, and private companies in England. But the common thread is strong and clear, regulation to deliver the right outcomes for society; Competition and markets: The UK set up the world’s first water retail markets for business customers, delivering savings and environmental benefits. Similar market mechanisms are being developed for sewage sludge, which will help drive circular economy solutions; Innovation: The UK has a huge number of water tech start-ups and most water companies have labs and pilot schemes to support these fledgling companies. At the same time, the English regulator, Ofwat, has established a huge innovation fund, which along with the Scottish Hydro Nation initiative has made the UK the best place in the world for water innovation and tech.
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Carpenter, Marie, and William Lazonick. The Pursuit of Shareholder Value: Cisco’s Transformation from Innovation to Financialization. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp202.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Once the global leader in telecommunication systems and the Internet, over the past two decades the United States has fallen behind global competitors, and in particular China, in mobile communication infrastructure—specifically 5G and Internet of Things (IoT). This national failure, with the socioeconomic and geopolitical tensions that it creates, is not due to a lack of US government investment in the knowledge required for the mobility revolution. Nor is it because of a dearth of domestic demand for the equipment, devices, and applications that can make use of this infrastructure. Rather, the problem is the dereliction of key US-based business corporations to take the lead in making the investments in organizational learning required to generate cutting edge communication-infrastructure products. No company in the United States exemplifies this deficiency more than Cisco Systems, the business corporation founded in Silicon Valley in 1984 that had explosive growth in the 1990s to become the foremost global enterprise-networking equipment producer in the Internet revolution. This paper provides in-depth analysis of Cisco’s organizational failure, attributing it ultimately to the company’s turn from innovation in the last decades of 20th century to financialization in the early decades of the 21st century. Since 2001, Cisco’s top management has chosen to allocate corporate cash to open-market share repurchases— aka stock buybacks—for the purpose of giving manipulative boosts to the company stock price rather than make the investments in organizational learning required to become a world leader in communication-infrastructure equipment for the era of 5G and IoT. From October 2001 through October 2022, Cisco spent $152.3 billion—95 percent of its net income over the period—on stock buybacks for the purpose of propping up its stock price. These funds wasted in pursuit of “maximizing shareholder value” were on top of the $55.5 billion that Cisco paid out to shareholders in dividends, representing an additional 35 percent of net income. In this paper, we trace how Cisco grew from a Silicon Valley startup in 1984 to become, through its innovative products, the world leader in enterprise-networking equipment over the next decade and a half. As the company entered the 21st century, building on its dominance of enterprise-networking, Cisco was positioned to upgrade its technological capabilities to become a major infrastructureequipment vendor to service providers. We analyze how and why, when the Internet boom turned to bust in 2001, the organizational structure that enabled Cisco to dominate enterprise networking posed constraints related to manufacturing and marketing on the company’s growth in the more sophisticated infrastructure-equipment segment. We then document how from 2002 Cisco turned from innovation to financialization, as it used its ample profits to do stock buybacks to prop up its stock price. Finally, we ponder the larger policy implications of Cisco’s turn from innovation to financialization for the competitive position of the US information-and-communication technology (ICT) industry in the global economy.
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Agu, Monica, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. The Impact of Mentoring as a GMP Capability Building Tool in The Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Industry in Nigeria. Purdue University, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317447.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), a component of Pharmaceutical Quality Systems, is aimed primarily at managing and minimizing the risks inherent in pharmaceutical manufacture to ensure the quality, safety and efficacy of products. Provision of adequate number of personnel with the necessary qualifications/practical experience and their continuous training and evaluation of effectiveness of the training is the responsibility of the manufacturer. (World Health Organization [WHO], 2014; International Organization for Standardization [ISO], 2015). The classroom method of training that has been used for GMP capacity building in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in Nigeria over the years, delivered by experts from stringently regulated markets, have not yielded commensurate improvement in the Quality Management Systems (QMS) in the industry. It is necessary and long over-due to explore an alternative training method that has a track record of success in other sectors. A lot of studies carried out on mentoring as a development tool in several fields such as academia, medicine, business, research etc., reported positive outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore mentoring as an alternative GMP training method in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in Nigeria. Specifically, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of mentoring as a GMP capability building tool in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in Nigeria, with focus on GMP documentations in XYZ pharmaceutical manufacturing company located in South-Western region of Nigeria. The methodology comprised gap assessment of GMP documentation of XYZ company to generate current state data, development of training materials based on the identified gaps and use of the training materials for the mentoring sessions. The outcome of the study was outstanding as gap assessment identified the areas of need that enabled development efforts to be targeted at these areas, unlike generic classroom training. The mentees’ acceptance of the mentoring support was evident by their request for additional training in some other areas related to the microbiology operations that were not covered in the gap assessment. This result portrays mentoring as a promising tool for GMP capacity building, but more structured studies need to be conducted in this area to generate results that can be generalized.
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Naddafi, Rahmat, Göran Sundblad, Alfred Sandström, Lachlan Fetterplace, Jerker Vinterstare, Martin Ogonowski, and Nataliia Kulatska. Developing management goals and associated assessment methods for Sweden’s nationally managed fish stocks : a project synthesis. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.31cfjep2i0.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This report summarizes and synthesizes results from the Swedish Agency of Marine and Water Management (SwAM, or HaV) funded project “Förvaltningsmål för nationella arter (Management goals for nationally managed species)”. The objectives of the project have been to promote the development of management goals and associated status assessment methods and indicators, as well as reference points, for some nationally managed fish stocks both in coastal as well as freshwater areas. The report focusses largely on species and stocks that can be defined as data-poor. Such stocks are characterised by marked limitations in data availability and/or resources allocated to detailed analytical stock projections. Data-poor stocks also often lack carefully formulated management goals and associated methods and indicators for assessing stock status. In this report, we provide an overview of potential assessment methods and indicators and try to synthesise how they work and what the strengths and weaknesses are by applying them to selected data poor stocks such as pikeperch, pike, whitefish, and vendace. We also discuss how they relate to different potential management goals and provide recommendations for their application. We grouped the indicators and assessment methods by the three categories that are now used in the yearly status assessment framework provided by SLU Aqua (Resursöversikten/Fiskbarometern) – i) mortality, ii) abundance/biomass and iii) size/age structure. The results are also described for these three main categories of assessment indicators. Included is also a status report from a size- and age-based population dynamics model (Stock Synthesis 3) that is being developed for pikeperch in Lake Hjälmaren. An important experience from the project is that to improve the assessment methods for Swedish national fish stocks, it is important that managers develop both general as well as more detailed quantitative goals for the individual stocks. This should ideally be conducted in various forms of collaboration with the main stakeholders and scientists involved with assessment as participatory processes foster legitimacy. Carefully articulated management goals, which are possible to translate into quantitative targets, will facilitate the development of various approaches and methods to monitor stock statuses. Given the strong and complex interactions of fish and their environments it is also important to consider other pressures than fisheries when developing indicators and assessment methods. Our synthesis highlights a number of areas where the assessment of data-poor stocks can be improved: 1. Apply precautionary principles for data-limited stocks, particularly ones that are known to be vulnerable to exploitation. 2. Tailor approaches to how fisheries are managed in Sweden. Swedish nationally managed fish stocks are not managed by quotas (with one exception, vendace in the Bothnian Bay) and do not aim for maximum sustainable yield. Instead, the coastal and inland fisheries are managed by regulating the effort in the small-scale commercial fisheries (number of fishers/licenses and amount of gear). Regulation of recreational and subsistence fisheries effort, in terms of licenses or number of fishers) is not applied, nor possible since the fisheries is lacking obligatory notification and reporting systems. All national fisheries, however, are regulated by various technical measures (closed areas, size-limits, bag-limits, gear restrictions etc). Thus, goals and assessment methods that result in harvest limits or quota recommendations expressed in e.g. biomass/numbers are difficult to use as basis for management. Instead, there is a need for alternative management goals and associated assessment methods. 3. Use best practice methods and indicators and adapt as scientific knowledge is developed. Data-limited methods are developing rapidly, and new methods/approaches are proposed in the scientific literature every year. It is thus important to be updated on the most recent developments. 4. Clearly describe limitations/assumptions of methods used. It is important to be aware of and critically evaluate the assumptions underlying the analyses, and to carefully communicate uncertainty together with the stock status assessment. 5. Be particularly careful with low sample numbers. Many indicators and methods can be applied also on small sample sizes, however, the accuracy and precision of the estimates risk being low in such cases. 6. Accept that there is no "gold standard" for fisheries assessment. Each case study is unique and needs to be balanced against data availability, local needs and other important factors. This also means that analysts need to be careful when using generic reference levels or “borrowing” data from other stocks. 7. If possible, use several different methods/indicators. Although several indicators aim to measure similar aspects of the stock, small methodological differences can support the overall interpretation of individual indicator values. It is particularly important to incorporate many aspects and indicators (size/age/abundance/mortality) in order to produce a balanced assessment. 8. Develop means of communication. Indicators and goals should be easy to understand. However, interpretation of results from multi-indicator frameworks can be challenging. There is thus a need for finding ways of communication that can convey complicated results in a simple-to-understand manner. 9. For details on additional improvements, we refer the reader to the sub-header “recommendations for the future” found under each chapter. The implementation of Stock Synthesis for pikeperch in Lake Hjälmaren showed that it is possible to develop a more ambitious and detailed stock assessment model for a relatively data-poor stock. The model results partly support earlier interpretations of the development of the stock and the importance of the changes in regulations in 2001 (increased minimum size, increased mesh size and reduced mortality of undersized pikeperch). Before the model can be implemented and used for practical management, a number of actions for improvement are needed, which are highlighted in the relevant chapter. The most important next step is establishing management goals and reference levels for this stock. We recommend that such a dialogue is initiated by managers. The fisheries management goals should consider both biomass, fisheries mortality and size-based targets. To conclude, we stress the importance of improving all ongoing aspects related to the assessments of data-poor Swedish stocks. Strong local stocks and sustainable fisheries are vital for a variety of fisheries-related businesses and practices, particularly in rural areas, providing economical and societal value. Fishes also have important roles in aquatic food-webs and it is important that ecological values are managed wisely in order to reach targets for water quality, ecosystem structure and diversity. Given the strong and complex interactions of fish and their environments it is also important to consider other pressures than fisheries when developing indicators and assessment methods.
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Resilient by Nature: Increasing Private Sector Uptake of Nature-based Solutions for Climate-resilient Infrastructure: A Market Assessment for Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003711.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity affecting our ability to deliver energy, transport, logistics, water, sanitation, and communications services. Investment for climate-resilient infrastructure is at the core of the IDB Groups agenda. In particular, nature-based Solutions (NbS) are a cost-effective way to build infrastructure resilient to climate change while delivering societal benefits. As many LAC governments and businesses are unaware of the opportunities and cost-efficiencies of NbS, setting out the business case for these solutions is an important first step to build support and secure funding. This Market Assessment examines how NbS can contribute to climate-resilient infrastructure through the protection, management, and restoration of natural capital. It examines existing barriers and the opportunities to increase private sector use of NbS focusing on the role of policy in NbS uptake; awareness, governance, and capacity; technical tools and skills to deliver NbS; and finance and funding. It provides recommendations for infrastructure project developers and operators, financial institutions, and policymakers to create a more enabling environment for NbS in LAC.
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The Oil Industry Challenges and Strategic Responses. Universidad de Deusto, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/fwgz8427.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Oil and gas prices and uncertainty in the main global markets, are likely to have a profound effect on the decisions made by O&G companies regarding exploration, appraisal development and operations. In addition to commodity prices, there has been increasing volatility in the relationships between industry, government policy makers and communities. Hence, the general object of this study will consist of analyzing the evolution of the industry within the new landscape and assess the challenges and strategies in response to them that the O&G industry must have to face in the coming years. In addition, this is complemented by a description of the value chain operations and market aspects as support and comprehension facilitator In summary, this document presents the in-depth strategic-focused conclusions that can be made from critically reviewing the current value chain. In this document, Chapter 2 first analyzes the new landscape and challenges that O&G companies are facing in respect to the four subject areas that has been considered to conform the new landscape: climate change policies and challenges, social concerns and new market trends, technological developments and applications, and regulations. Within each of these categories, a number of key developments and trends have been defined and described, along with the multiple challenges and decisions that industry players shall face. The dynamics of demand and supply are discussed in Chapter 3, along with the future uncertainties and factors that will have a profound effect on this balance. Within this chapter, the evolution of investments in E&P is also discussed, leading on to aspects of investments with regards to refining, and subsequently portfolio management. As a kind of conclusion, Chapter 4 pairs the new landscape issues identified in Chapter 2, with seven general challenges and related strategies for the industry. Furthermore, a second level of challenge and response granularity has been identified, which companies shall address in order to remain competitive in the new era of O&G industry. These two chapters, which deal with the strategic responses and business models, should be read jointly, as they try to look at the current situation - and future perspectives of the O&G industry, and how industry players may respond with different strategies, be they of a general or a more specific nature.
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Supporting Women Entrepreneurs in Tunisia. Oxfam IBIS, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7871.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mabrouka Hdaya is a craftswoman who has been producing bags and baskets for 20 years. Support from the Youth Participation and Employment (YPE) project helped her overcome the technical and financial obstacles that she has faced since 2018 when she started her entrepreneurial journey. YPE, in partnership with the Local Initiative and Development Forum (FIDEL), selected Mabrouka for training to improve her weaving and business management skills. As a result, she has become more confident and developed working relationships with other people in her trade. Her business was doing well until the COVID-19 pandemic affected markets. She is hopeful she will recover as soon as the markets re-open and national fairs re-start. In the meantime, she sells small quantities of her products through social media platforms and the FIDEL shop. This is the story of an entrepreneur who knows her way forward and is ready to fight uncertainties.
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Financial Infrastructure Report 2022. Banco de la República, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Banco de la República's monitoring of the local financial market infrastructure is an additional contribution to the country's financial stability. One of the products of that monitoring has been the Payment Systems Report, which is now known as the Financial Infrastructure Report. The change in name, as of this edition, is intended to reflect in a broader way the issues that are addressed in the report. The 2022 edition includes several changes that are the result of a comparative study of financial infrastructure reports prepared by other central banks. These changes seek to make the report more fluid and easier to read, including main points and selected key figures for the different interest groups to which it is addressed. The report shows the financial infrastructure continued to render its services without interruption, with general evidence of good performance in 2021. Additionally, the resilience of the Central Counterparty Risk of Colombia (CRCC) and the Large-value Payments System (CUD) to extreme events was validated, based on stress tests conducted according to international standards (focused on liquidity and credit risk). As for retail payments, transactional information indicates the use of electronic instruments increased in terms of value during 2021 compared to 2020 (credit and debit cards, checks and electronic funds transfers). The use of debit and credit cards in payments rose to levels similar to those reached in the pre-pandemic year. Meanwhile, electronic funds transfers continued to grow. Although the results of the BR 2022 survey show cash continues to be the instrument most used by the public for regular payments (like the situation in other countries), the perception of its use decreased significantly to 75 % (87 % in 2019). Also, in commerce, cash was the preferred instrument for customers. However, in this measurement, several retail channels such as hairdressers, drugstores and restaurants joined the group that has traditionally received electronic payments for a value greater than 10% of their sales (hypermarkets and gas stations). Likewise, for nearly 50% of the population, cash payments are lower than before the pandemic. This is consistent with the transactional increase in electronic payment instruments that was observed in 2021. Banco de la República continues to monitor the technological developments that have expanded and modernized the supply in the international and local payments market, as these are issues of interest to the industry that provides clearing and settlement services. This report outlines the Pix case for instant payments in Brazil, the projects that are underway regarding the possible issue of digital currency by central banks (CBDC) for cross-border payments, as well as an approach to the Fintech ecosystem in Colombia, with an emphasis on companies that provide payment services. Leonardo Villar Governor Main points: 2022 The local financial infrastructure was safe and efficient throughout the year. The services of the financial infrastructure were proved on a continuous basis, showing good performance overall. Less momentum in the large-value payment system CUD activity declined versus the previous year because of fewer government deposits with BanRep. This was offset partially by growth in repos to increase money supply and in retail-value payments (electronic funds transfers, checks and cards). Increased momentum in financial market infrastructures. Larger amounts were cleared and settled through the Central Securities Depository (DCV) due to an increase in the market for sovereign debt. Operations managed by the Central Counterparty Risk of Colombia (CRCC) increased due to inclusion of the foreign exchange segment and the positive evolution in non-delivery forward peso/dollar contracts. Added confidence in the peso/dollar spot foreign exchange market due to CRCC interposition. Number and value of trades grew, mainly due to the adjustment of therisk management model for the FX segment and the increase in the limiton net selling positions in dollars. Stress testing with international standards to validate CRCC and CUD resilience Stress tests conducted independently by the SFC, BanRep and the CRCC, like those done in England and the United States, concluded that the CRCC's risk management model allows it to withstand extreme market events and simultaneous defaults by its main members. Based on the experience of other central banks, BanRep strengthened its intraday liquidity risk stress exercises in the CUD by incorporating temporary payment delays. It calculated that a two-hour delay by a key participant increases the system's liquidity needs by 0.5%. Electronic payments increased during 2021 According to transactional information, all electronic payment instruments increased in value versus 2020 (electronic funds transfers, checks and debit and credit cards). Electronic funds transfers continued to grow (80% from legal entities), with the participation of closed schemes driven particularly by the use of mobile wallets (35% of the number of intra-transfer transactions). The use of debit and credit cards for payments climbed to levels similar to those witnessed in the pre-pandemic year. Cash continues to be the instrument most used by the public for regular payments. The results of the BanRep survey in 2022 show that the perception of the use of cash declined significantly to 75% (87% in 2019), and about 50% of the population perceive their cash payments as being lower than those they made before the pandemic. Electronic funds transfers were second most used instrument, having increased to 15% (3% in 2019). Also, in commerce, cash was the preferred instrument of payment for its customers; however, several commerce channels received more than 10% of the value of their sales in electronic payments (hypermarkets 35%, gas stations 25%, hairdressers 15%, drugstores 14% and restaurants 12%). Continuous technological developments have broadened, and modernized services offered in the payments market. Pix (instant payments in Brazil). The high level of adoption of instant transfers in Brazil motivated a review of its strengths; namely, the possibility of different use cases between individuals, businesses, and government; high participation by financial and payment institutions; free of charge for individuals and the possibility of charging legal entities, and simple user experience. Digital currencies in central banking. Several groups of countries have joined forces to conduct pilot projects with wholesale CBDCs for cross-border payments. Flows generated by international trade, foreign investment and remittances between individuals can be processed more efficiently, transparently, and securely by reducing their cost and increasing their speed. Due to the constant progress being made on this issue, BanRep will continue to monitor all CBDC-related matters. The fintech ecosystem for payments in Colombia. A high percentage of existing FinTech companies in the country are dedicated to offering digital payment services: wallets, payment gateways, mobile devices (point-of-sale terminals) and acquisition. These have driven innovation in payment services.