Готові списки джерел за темами / Burnt offerings

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Burnt offerings"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Burnt offerings"

Thomas, B. "Burnt offerings [Internet]." IEEE Internet Computing 2, no. 6 (1998): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/4236.735991.

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Smith, Alexander. "Burnt Offerings to Prometheus." Psychotherapy Patient 11, no. 3-4 (September 2001): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j358v11n03_04.

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Pitt, T. L. "Burnt offerings or typing system?" Journal of Hospital Infection 17, no. 3 (March 1991): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0195-6701(91)90226-x.

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Watts, James W. "'Ōlāh: the rhetoric of burnt offerings." Vetus Testamentum 56, no. 1 (2006): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853306775465135.

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AbstractThe 'ōlāh off ering receives pride of place in most lists of sacrifi ces in the Hebrew Bible, including the ritual rules of Leviticus. Its prominence in these texts suggests that the writers expected its mention to have an eff ect on their audience. This rhetorical eff ect must be evaluated and understood before the references to the 'ōlāh can be used to reconstruct ancient religious practices reliably. A comparative analysis of the rhetoric about the 'ōlāh suggests that its priority burnished the image of priests as devoted selfl essly to divine worship and drew attention away from their economic interests in the sacrifi cial system mandated in the Torah. The eff ect of this rhetoric in later Jewish and Christian traditions was to separate the ideal of "sacrifice" from any necessary connection to actual animal off erings.

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Bond, J. M. "Burnt offerings: Animal bone in Anglo‐Saxon cremations." World Archaeology 28, no. 1 (June 1996): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00438243.1996.9980332.

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Kennedy, Dane, and Burke E. Casari. "Burnt Offerings: Isabel Burton and ‘The Scented Garden’ manuscript." Journal of Victorian Culture 2, no. 2 (March 1997): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13555509709505951.

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Stone, Andrea J. "SPIRALS, ROPES, AND FEATHERS." Ancient Mesoamerica 13, no. 1 (January 2002): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536102131026.

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Rubber had important utilitarian, symbolic, and ritual roles in ancient Mesoamerica. Among the latter is the use of rubber balls as burnt offerings. This paper examines characteristic iconographic manifestations of rubber-ball offerings in Mesoamerican art. One of these, the spiral, seen in the Postclassic Maya codices, is shown to have had greater temporal and geographic distribution than previously thought. Another is the Standard Rubber Offering, a widespread motif in Mesoamerican art that links rubber balls to feathers and rope bindings. In considering why rubber balls were shown bound in rope, the paper examines the physical properties of natural rubber. Understanding the iconographic nuances of rubber balls as ritual offerings sheds new light on the symbolism of rubber balls in ballgame scenes and allows identification of certain images as rubber balls that were previously unrecognized.

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Yates, David, and Richard Bradley. "Still water, hidden depths: the deposition of Bronze Age metalwork in the English Fenland." Antiquity 84, no. 324 (June 1, 2010): 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00066667.

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Finds of metalwork always raise the question of why they were deposited: a smith's collection, a concealed hoard or a votive offering? Findspots in water suggest offerings, since they would be awkward to retrieve. But understanding the context of deposition means knowing the prehistoric environment. The Fenland area of England has many Bronze Age sites, and deposits of metalwork and a well-mapped ancient environment too. Putting all three together the authors begin to assemble a grammar of deposition: swords and rapiers in rivers, some mixed collections placed in still water and others on once-dry land with burnt mounds.

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Robinson, Mark. "Domestic burnt offerings and sacrifices at Roman and pre-Roman Pompeii, Italy." Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 11, no. 1-2 (June 2002): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003340200010.

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Awabdy, Mark A., and Tobias Häner. "Sacrificial Fathers and the Death of Their Children: How the Story of Job Challenges the Priestly Tradition." Harvard Theological Review 115, no. 2 (April 2022): 149–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001781602200013x.

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AbstractJob’s burnt offerings for his sons and daughters followed by their death (Job 1) resembles the sequence of Aaron’s burnt offerings for himself and his sons followed by the death of his oldest sons (Lev 8–10). Within this common sequence of events, the two stories share a cluster of important, identical lexemes. Although it is not impossible that these features could have resulted unintentionally from a shared scribal culture, the textual evidence is strong enough to indicate that the scribe of Job’s prologue alludes to the priestly inauguration story of Leviticus 8–10. By reading Job after Leviticus, one sees the sharp contrast between the divine silence following Job’s intermediary sacrifices (Job 1:5, 18–19) and the divine response both to Aaron’s and to Nadab and Abihu’s sacrifices (Lev 9:22–10:3). This study clarifies how the story of Job rejects a mechanistic understanding not only of traditional wisdom, but of the Priestly cultic tradition of ancient Israel and Judah.

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Дисертації з теми "Burnt offerings"

Oberrauch, Hanns. "Alle origini del rogo votivo e della metallurgia alpina Il culto del fuoco nell’Età del Rame nel caso del Pigloner Kopf." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/322594.

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The archaeological site Pigloner Kopf (Vadena/Pfatten, South Tyrol, Italy) has revealed unexpected elements related to the local Bell Beaker culture, like the local production of shaft-hole axes, typologically linked to the Balkans and the Danube region. The site also shows the oldest evidence of ritual burnt offerings in the Eastern Alps. The mostly burnt animal bones, cereals, flint tools and fragments of pottery could be interpreted as the remains of a rock sanctuary with burnt offerings. The site can be considered as a prototype of the alpine places of worship and mountain sanctuaries. These burning rituals were practised from the beginning of the Bronze Age until the late Roman Empire. The aim of the paper is to present the results of the study of materials and their analyses, focussing on the metallurgical industry, composed mostly by objects produced with local copper, like 10 miniaturised shaft-hole axes, 7 awls and a pin and also by imported objects like a dagger blade and spiral ornaments. The deposition of copper tools in hoards in association with burnt offerings suggest a ritual interpretation of the site, dated to the late Copper Age with Bell Beaker elements in lithics and pottery.

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Myall, Michelle. "'Flame and burnt offering' : a life of Constance Lytton, 1869-1923." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302232.

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Navarro, Sigourney Nina. "The Crematorium of Hanga Hahave on Rapa Nui (Easter Island): What stories can the skeletal remains reveal." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325498.

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This paper uses an osteological approach and applies the study of entanglement in an attempt to understand the crematoria on Rapa Nui (Easter Island), which represent a unique tradition within the ceremonial spheres of the Polynesian area. Skeletal remains from the crematorium of ahu Hanga Hahave, which consist of both cremated - and unburned remains, have been analysed to reveal the different practices that took part in the cremation process and to identify the individuals that were deposited in such structure. Ethnohistorical records were applied to interpret the osteological evidence and to discuss the circumstances surrounding the possible use of the crematorium, as either a site for sacrificial offerings or a site for burials. This paper aims at creating an underlying basis for the study of crematoria on Rapa Nui and provides an overview of the processes central to the disposal of the dead and the usage and significance of this structure. The results of this study showed that the ancient Rapanui through the practice of cremation, followed an internalised structure within their society to complete each cultural act that constituted the crematorium, and these were divided in the construction of the crematorium, the making of fire, and the treatment of the dead. The complexity of each cultural act presents the possibility that an organised society, with at least one designated head, may have been in charge of the practice of cremation physically and spiritually. The skeletal remains could not be applied to determine whether the crematorium of Hanga Hahave was used for sacrificial offering or for burial since the analysed remains only represented one-fifth of the entire bone collection from the crematorium. However, the findings of this study have pointed towards a burial practice rather than a sacrificial one.
Denna uppsats använder ett osteologiskt tillvägagångssätt och Hodders’’entanglement’ studie i tolkningen av krematorierna på Rapa Nui (Påskön), som representerar en unik tradition inom Polynesien. Skelettmaterialet från krematoriet i ahu Hanga Hahave har analyserats för att upptäcka de olika metoder som deltog i kremeringsprocessen och identifiera vilka individer som deponerades här. Etnohistoriska källor användes också i tolkningen av det osteologiska materialet och för att behandla frågorna kring krematoriernas användning: antigen som en plats för offring eller en plats för begravning. Syftet är att skapa en underliggande grund för studiet av krematorierna på Rapa Nui för att ge en överblick på de centrala processerna. Resultatet visade att den forntida Rapanui följde en internaliserad struktur inom sitt samhälle för att slutföra varje kulturell handling som utgjorde kremerings praktik och var uppdelade i konstruktionen av krematoriet, bruken av eld och hantering av de döda. Komplexiteten hos varje handling möjliggör att ett organiserat samhälle, där minst en ledare har varit ansvarig i fysisk eller andlig form. Skelettmaterialet från krematoriet i ahu Hanga Hahave kunde inte användas för att bestämma krematoriets användning eftersom det analyserade materialet endast representerade en femtedel av den totala bensamlingen, dock pekar studiet på en begravningsritual snarare än en offer.

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Niklová, Pavla. "Zápalná oběť ve Starém zákoně." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-306149.

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The focus of this thesis will be an exegesis of the term burnt offering in Old Testament. The diploma thesis deals with the location of the cult (Tent of Meeting, temple), priests in Israel, human offerings and reconstruction of ritual burnt offerings with an evaluation of particular acts based on translation and interpretation of the first chapter of Leviticus. The purpose of this work is to detect, what function and meaning this ritual had for the community of Israel, as well as what message the texts contain, with respect to burnt offerings for the current reader.

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Книги з теми "Burnt offerings"

Liu, Timothy. Burnt Offerings. Port Townsend, USA: Copper Canyon Press, 1995.

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Hamilton, Laurell K. Burnt Offerings. New York: Penguin Group USA, Inc., 2008.

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Hamilton, Laurell K. Burnt offerings. New York: Jove Books, 2002.

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Burnt offerings: Poems. Islamabad: Leo Books, 1996.

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ʻAḳudim: Burnt offerings. Tel-Aviv: Yediʻot aḥaronot, 2012.

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Lister, Michael. Burnt offerings: A novel. Panama City, Fla: Pulpwood Press, 2012.

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M, Buckley Victor, and Condit Emer, eds. Burnt offerings: International contributions to burnt mound archaeology. Dublin: Wordwell, 1990.

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Burnt offerings: Poems by Cathy Warner. Little Elm, TX: ELectio Publishing, 2014.

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Pomerantz, Barbara, and Nancy Schoenburg. Burnt offerings: Favorite recipes from cong. Ya'ar Ramot. Jerusalem: [Congregation Ya'ar Ramot], 1987.

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Ken, Fleck, ed. Burnt offerings: A collection of recipes by priests and bishops of the Archdiocese of Chicago and beyond. Chicago, Ill: K. Fleck, 2005.

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Частини книг з теми "Burnt offerings"

Whelehan, Imelda. "Burnt Offerings: The Emergence of Radical Feminism." In The Feminist Bestseller, 42–62. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-21182-7_3.

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Chen, Kuang Yu, Zhenhao Song, Yuan Liu, and Matthew Anderson. "Burnt Offering to the East Mother." In Reading of Shāng Inscriptions, 65–68. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6214-3_16.

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Kaczyński, Andrzej. "Burnt Offering Rzeczpospolita, 5 May 2 0 0 0." In The Neighbors Respond, edited by Antony Polonsky and Joanna B. Michlic, 50–59. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400825813.50.

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Bag, B., A. K. Jana, and M. K. Pandit. "A Novel Reconfigurable Video Burst Processor Offering High QoS." In Computer Networks and Information Technologies, 51–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19542-6_9.

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Korol, I. E. "The Main Tasks in Offering Medical Aid to a Burned Patient in the Pre-hospital Stage." In The Management of Burns and Fire Disasters: Perspectives 2000, 73–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0361-6_12.

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"Byzantine Burnt Offerings." In Jewish Martyrs in the Pagan and Christian Worlds, 107–40. Cambridge University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511499111.006.

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"34. Burnt Offerings." In Stirring It Up with Molly Ivins, 196–98. University of Texas Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.7560/722651-036.

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Christiansë, Yvette. "Burnt Offerings: Law and Sacrifice." In Toni Morrison, 76–119. Fordham University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823239153.003.0003.

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"Burnt Offerings: Challenging Modern Work Efficiency." In The Theology of Craft and the Craft of Work, 167–87. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315552330-15.

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"2. Burnt Offerings: Law and Sacrifice." In Toni Morrison, 76–119. Fordham University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780823293421-004.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Burnt offerings"

Rodriguez-Campo, Marcela. "Burnt Offerings: A Testimonio of Family Separation." In 2019 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1431894.

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Yukongdi, Pakpadee. "Khao San Dam: The Archaeological Evidence of Burnt Rice Festival in Southern Thailand | ข้าวสารดำา: หลักฐานทางโบราณคดีเกี่ยวกับประเพณีการเผาข้าวในภาคใต้ของ ประเทศไทย". У The SEAMEO SPAFA International Conference on Southeast Asian Archaeology and Fine Arts (SPAFACON2021). SEAMEO SPAFA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26721/spafa.pqcnu8815a-08.

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Recently in 2021the 11th office of the Fine Arts Department, Songkhla has reported their annual excavations in Trang Province that archaeologists have found some set of rice while excavation in process namely,1) Khao Kurum Archaeological Site, Huai Yod District and 2) Napala Archaeological Site, Muang District. The artifacts which were found associated with the rice grains on the habitation layer consisted of potsherds, animal bones, grindstone, beads, etc. The grains of rice are short and brown in colour which is examined as carbonized since the beginning at its first left. The primary examination by archaeologists has classified the rice of Napala Archaeological Site as short grain of probably Orysa sativa (Indica or Aus) rice. AMS Radiocarbon dating by Beta Analytic Testing Laboratory shows the AMS standard results and calibration dating of charred material measured radiocarbon age:1440±30BP. Because of their geographical location, both sites are incredibly located on one side of the hill slope, where they were suitable for habitat and plantation, especially tiny paddy fields and farms with sufficient water supply either small stream or well. The found rice, which now still grows uphill, probably called ‘Khao rai’ needs less water or no marsh. Comparative study of ethnographic “Atong” 1 of 12 sub-tribes of the “Garos” Tibeto-Burman in Meghalaya, India which originated slash-and-burnt socio-groups, have shown an interest in growing rice activity. According to their ritual ceremony for planting of paddy, other grain, and seeds takes place. There are many ritualistic offerings of rice such as (1) flattened rice by asking for permission to cultivate the land from the first harvested paddy in May. (2) After the harvesting in September or October, the 1st ceremony of the agricultural year is a thanksgiving ceremony to mark the end of a period of toil in the fields and harvesting of bumper crops, which is probably the most important festival of the Garos locally called “Maidan syla” meant to celebrate the after-harvested festival or burnt rice festival. Their 2nd ceremony is to revive the monsoon clouds. People throw cooked rice on the floor to symbolize hailstones. Noticing the rice, were probably the assemblage of “Khao San Dam” in many activities of these ceremonies, that is the archaeological evidence found in Khao Kurum and Napala Archaeological Sites. In the Southern part of Thailand, once the crops have already cultivated, people celebrate to welcome their outcrops most probably at the end of September to October and mark their end of plantation before the monsoon come. People prepare 4 main rice desserts put together with other necessity stuffs in the “hmrub” special large containers and donate to the ancestors through Buddhist ceremony. Though archaeological evidence shows that southern peninsular was where the migrants from the west especially India origins, who shared same habitat of hillslope, might brought their different traditions through both land trans-peninsular and sea routes then settled down inner western or eastern coast since prehistoric times. The beliefs in animism might belong to some other western migrants and with having “hmrub” is one of their unique cultural characteristic material and tradition remain. Once they settled down then converged to Buddhism, the ritual ceremony may be changed due to religion, but tradition remains the same today, that is, Bun Duean Sib on the 10th of the lunar month or September-October.

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Chuang, Sheuwen, David D Woods, and Sen-Kuang Hou. "Adaptation Patterns to Cope with Burn Mass Casualty Incidents." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001581.

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Understanding and learning from hospitals’ resilient behavior or adequate responses to beyond-surge capacity incidents to be better prepare staff for offering patients the appropriate, timely care is imperative. The study adopted the previous findings from the Formosa-Fun-Coast-Dust-Explosion studies as the base of data analysis. We synthesized the past discoveries and identified nine adaptation patterns. The results systematically organized how two initial receiving hospitals’ responsive adaptations changed over time to cope with the difficulties in the emergency departments in the aftermath of the mass burn casualty incidents. The benefit of the pattern approach can in-crease the efficiency and effectiveness of the learning process.

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Mantini, Andrea, Steven Goldstein, and Colleen Rimlinger. "Decarbonization Advancements in Pressure Pumping With Gas Turbines." In ASME 2021 Onshore Petroleum Technology Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/optc2021-66788.

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Abstract Key changes have triggered the push for frac fleet innovation. With environmental regulation efforts to cut down on emissions increasing, more and more companies are transitioning to the use of electric fleet equipment. Electric fleets use natural gas, which burns cleaner than diesel fuel. Our study found the gas turbine outperformed Tier 4 dual fuel blend (DF) reciprocating engines and demonstrated a step change improvement in both direct and indirect emissions reductions over the 20+ year lifecycle of the Baker Hughes LM2500 in Permian and Williston Basins’ field operating conditions. An even greater impact to direct GHG (as CO2 equivalent) emissions reduction came to light when the potential to reduce flaring of associated gas was considered. Gas turbines have been proven to have the best-in-class emissions for powering pressure pumping fleets and lead the industry on fuel cost savings and in achieving commitments to reduce carbon emissions in places like the Permian Basin in Texas and remote areas across the world. Though, recent industry studies abominably suggest that Tier 4 diesel and Tier 4 dual fuel (DF) engine technologies offer an alternative with emissions benefits in comparison to current gas turbine offerings this study demonstrate the contrary.

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Liu*, Yixiong, Devaiah Nalianda, Da Mo, Wei Wang, Yunwu Wu, and Qing Du. "Multi-objective Optimization of A Three-shaft High Bypass Ratio Engine for EIS2050." In GPPS Xi'an21. GPPS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33737/gpps21-tc-113.

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In order to cope with the more stringent emissions goals, the aviation industry is dedicated to developing low emission and fuel-efficient engines. This paper aims to design an ultra-high bypass ratio three-shaft turbofan engine for EIS2050. A multi-objective optimization was performed using the genetic algorithm (GA) method, offering easy and convenient access to obtaining the desired engine. The critical parameters were identified and set as design variables to minimize the SFC and fuel burn. By recognizing the technology evolution for 2050, the design constraints were determined to ensure that the to-be-generated engine is practical. Afterwards, the optimization was undertaken in the developed GA optimizer with multi objectives, including cruise SFC, net thrust, engine weight and nacelle drag. Results show that the optimal engine deploys a high BPR and OPR, reaching 18.2 and 66.4 at the design point. The impressing 21.75% SFC reduction is at the cost of weight increase and drag penalty. However, aircraft level performance assessment reveals that combining the SFC improvement and lighter density materials, the optimized engine would provide a 28.83% drop in block fuel and save at least 2.95 million USD per year.

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Karamolegkos, K., I. Goulos, V. Pachidis, J. Stevens, C. Smith, L. Thevenot, and R. d’Ippolito. "Helicopter Mission Analysis Using a Multidisciplinary Simulation Framework." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26991.

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This paper describes the work done and strong interaction between the Technology Evaluator (TE), Green Rotorcraft (GRC) Integrated Technology Demonstrator (ITD) and Sustainable and Green Engine (SAGE) ITD of the Clean Sky Joint Technology Initiative (JTI). The GRC and SAGE ITDs are responsible for developing new helicopter airframe and engine technologies respectively, whilst the TE has the distinctive role of assessing the environmental impact of these technologies at single flight (mission), airport and Air Transport System levels (ATS). The assessments reported herein have been performed by using a GRC-developed multidisciplinary simulation framework called PhoeniX (Platform Hosting Operational and Environmental Investigations for Rotorcraft) that comprises various computational modules. These modules include a rotorcraft performance code (EUROPA), an engine performance and emissions simulation tool (GSP) and a noise prediction code (HELENA). PhoeniX can predict the performance of a helicopter along a prescribed 4D trajectory offering a complete helicopter mission analysis. In the context of the TE assessments reported herein, two helicopter classes are examined namely a Twin Engine Light (TEL) configuration for Emergency Medical Service (EMS) and Police missions and a Single Engine Light (SEL) configuration for Passenger/Transport missions. The different technologies assessed reflect three simulation points which are the ‘Baseline’ Year 2000 technology, ‘Reference’ Y2020 technology, without Clean Sky benefits, and finally the ‘Conceptual’, reflecting Y2020 technology with Clean Sky benefits. The results of this study illustrate the potential that incorporated technologies possess in terms of improving performance and gas emission metrics such as fuel burn, CO2, NOx as well as the noise footprint on the ground.

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Gonza´lez-Salazar, Miguel Angel, Clarissa Belloni, Matthias Finkenrath, Simone Berti, and Francesco Gamberi. "System Analysis of Waste Heat Applications With LNG Regasification." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59640.

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The combination of the continuously growing demand of energy in the world, the depletion of oil and its sharp price increase, as well as the urgent need for cleaner and more efficient fuels have boosted the global trade of liquefied natural gas (LNG). Nowadays, there is an increasing interest on the design philosophy of the LNG receiving terminals, due to the fact that the existing technologies either use seawater as heating source or burn part of the fuel for regasifying LNG, thus wasting the cryogenic energy of LNG and causing air pollution or harm to marine life. This investigation addresses the task of developing novel systems able to simultaneously regasify LNG and generate electric power in the most efficient and environmentally friendly way. Existing and proposed technologies for integrated LNG regasification and power generation were identified and simple, efficient, safe and compact alternatives were selected for further analysis. A baseline scenario for integrated LNG regasification and power generation was established and simulated. Various novel configurations using Rankine and Brayton cycles were created, modeled and compared to the baseline scenario in terms of LNG regasification rate, efficiency and power output. A study case with a simple and compact design was selected, preliminarily designed and analyzed. The performance and design characteristics of the study case were then compared to the baseline case. The results show that the study case results in a smaller footprint of the plant, at the same time offering a simple design solution though with lower efficiencies.

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Anderson, Bruce N. "Modular Solar Systems for 24/7 Scalable, Flexible, Affordable Electricity." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3155.

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A successful transition to a low carbon future requires that power be generated all of the time, 24/7, not just when the sun is shining. But few clean emissions power technologies can operate 24/7. Concentrated solar power (CSP) can because it can store thermal energy at 10–20% of the cost of batteries1 and can then burn fuel when its solar resource is exhausted. However, many see first generation CSP as too costly, complex, risky, and economical only at utility scale. Alternatively, by mimicking the all-factory, standardized, modular approach of wind and PV, next generation CSP with low-cost dry thermal storage (e.g., firebrick, not molten salts), and using no water/steam (just hot air) may give CSP the potential to fulfill on its promise of baseload affordability. This technical paper summarizes an Engineering and Cost Feasibility Study2 funded by the US Department of Energy as well as presents a new breakthrough power generation product based on the Brayton power tower system called 247Solar Plants™. Design, construction, and operation are all simplified with greatly reduced costs and increased deployment speeds. Such modular CSP systems can be installed as single units or 100s of modules at utility scale. The microturbines used by the system stabilize grids by responding nearly instantly, similar to battery response time, to changing power demands and voltage fluctuations, while offering dispatchable, reliable electricity. The redundancy of multiple modules in a single project increases capacity factor, operational flexibility, and project reliability. The DOE Study shows that such a system may be able to achieve the two key DOE targets included: 1) a capacity factor of at least 75%, of which >85% would be solar with <15% from fuels; and LCOE3s <9ȼ/kWh. Indeed, LCOEs under 6ȼ/kWh may be possible with further development and widespread deployment.

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Rainio, Aku, Vinod Sharma, Markus Bolha`r-Nordenkampf, Christian Brunner, Johannes Lind, and John Crosher. "Fluidized Bed Technologies for Biomass Combustion." In ASME 2009 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2009-81052.

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Biomass, a renewable fuel source for generating energy, is available in large quantities in the USA. Typical biomass consists of wood chips, construction and demolition wood, bark, residual logging debris, saw dust, paper rejects, and paper and sewage sludge. Composition and moisture content of biomass vary greatly and affect its heating value. There are several combustion technologies available to generate power from biomass. Fluidized bed boilers are preferred, because of their ability to burn a wide variety of biomass fuels while achieving high combustion efficiency and low emissions. This paper discusses basic design and operation features of bubbling (BFB) and circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers, both offering high fuel flexibility. In fluidized bed combustion, reactive biomass fuels are almost completely burned out because of close contact between the hot bed material and the fuel. In advanced BFB and CFB boilers, an open bottom design is used for ash and coarse material removal through the fluidizing air distribution system. This allows combustion of fuels containing large inert particles, such as rocks and metal pieces. If limestone is added to the bed, SO2 emissions are reduced. By using ammonia or urea in high temperature areas, NOx emissions are reduced. In order to achieve very low emissions, back-end flue gas treatment for SO2, NOx, HCl, HF, and Hg is required. To treat flue gases, several technologies can be used — such as activated carbon and sodium bicarbonate or Trona injection, Turbosorp® circulating dry scrubber, and SCR. Normally the preferred particulate matter cleaning device is a baghouse since the filter cake allows further reactions between pollutants and sorbents. Different fluidized bed designs are shown and recommended for various biomass fuels. This paper describes design, fuels, and emissions for an advanced BFB boiler producing steam at a rate of 230,000 lb/hr/930 psig/860°F (29.0 kg/s/64 barg/460°C).

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Gershman, Harvey W. "The Latest and Greatest on the Resurgence of Waste-to-Energy and Conversion Technologies." In 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec18-3503.

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This presentation will provide a historical perspective on the development of waste-to-energy (WTE) and conversion technologies in the 1970s and 1980s. During this time period, U.S. EPA provided grant assistance to a variety of projects and technologies including refuse derived fuel (RDF) production, RDF combustion, pyrolysis, gasification and anaerobic digestion. This presentation will also provide the latest, up-to-date information about WTE and alternative technologies, including data on costs, and current status of projects developing across North America as they exist in 2010. It will provide a review of WTE technologies as an element of integrated solid waste management systems and highlight some of the advances which have been moved into production units to make WTE environmentally friendly. It will also include a brief look at plants worldwide, followed with a focus on facilities, technologies and companies operating in the U.S. Specific examples of technologies and associated facilities will include: –Mass Burn; –Modular; –RDF - Processing & Combustion; –RDF - Processing Only; –RDF - Combustion Only. Municipal waste combustors are regulated under the federal Clean Air Act (CAA), originally passed by Congress in 1963 and amended in 1967, 1970, 1977, 1990 and 1995 and 1998. The U.S. EPA may implement and enforce the requirements or may delegate such authority to state or local regulatory agencies. The CAA places emissions limits on new municipal waste combustors. In addition, the 1995 amendments to the Clean Air Act (CAA) were developed to control the emissions of dioxins, mercury, hydrogen chloride and particulate matter. By modifications in the burning process and the use of activated carbon injection in the air pollution control system, dioxins and mercury, as well as hydrocarbons and other constituents, have effectively been removed from the gas stream. The presentation will also review the companies offering WTE in the form of alternative technologies being promoted and considered in the U.S., and several recent and current procurements will be reviewed. GBB tracks over 150 different companies offering technologies, facilities and services whose developmental stages range from engineering drawings and laboratory models to full-scale operating prototypes. The presentation will provide an overview of these systems and their status. Implementation of new WTE projects — whatever technology is selected — will involve local governments in the process because MSW management is a local responsibility. Implementation will involve risks for local government and any private entities involved. A comprehensive review of the risks and challenges associated with implementing various technologies will be provided. The presentation will conclude with key elements to keep in mind when implementing WTE and/or conversion technologies. The last new MSW-processing WTE facility constructed in the U.S. commenced operations in 1996. Since that time, no new greenfield commercial plant has been implemented. In the past few years, however, interest in WTE and waste conversion has begun to grow, again. This renewed interest in waste processing technologies is due to several factors: successful CAA retrofits, proven WTE track record, increasing cost of fossil fuels, growing interest in renewable energy, concern of greenhouse gases, reversal of the Carbone Supreme Court Case, and the change in U.S. EPA’s hierarchy, which now includes WTE. Since 2004, several municipalities commissioned reports in order to evaluate new and emerging waste management technologies and approaches. These will be summarized. With the passage of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, the U.S. DOE has been working to advance innovative green energy technologies, which can be applied to MSW as well as other bio-feedstocks. DOE has made a number of grant awards to projects where MSW is used as a feedstock. This presentation will summarize the status of these projects and discuss how they should be viewed when considering new projects. The presentation will also outline policies for governments to consider when considering recycling goals with WTE. This review will be done in the context of environmental and energy considerations as well as public policy considerations. Comments will be included regarding current legislation and regulations, specifically for greenhouse gas emissions, being considered by the U.S. or state governments. The presentation will provide participants with: –A historical reference for experiences with WTE/alternative technologies in the U.S. in the 1970s and 1980s; –Latest information on the state of WTE/alternative technologies in the U.S., including their environmental performance; –A global understanding of current technologies and trends; –Understanding of the risks and challenges associated with implementing various technologies; –Understanding the key elements to keep in mind when implementing WTE; –Suggested policy for recycling and WTE to co-exist as components of a local solid waste system; and –Comments about current legislation being considered by the U.S. and state governments.

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