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Статті в журналах з теми "Burden of proof (Islamic law)"
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Abdullah, Abdullah, and Muhammad Hatta. "The Application of the Burden of Proof Concept in Indonesia: A Comparative Study." SASI 28, no. 3 (October 13, 2022): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v28i3.1045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: One of the reasons for a reverse proof system is the difficulty of proving the offenses committed by certain perpetrators of a criminal offense, such as corruption and money laundering. Thus, the government issues the legal policy to apply a reverse burden of proof to solve this problem.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to analyze the application of the reverse burden of proof in Indonesian and Islamic criminal law.Methods of the Research: This research is legalistic, doctrinal, or normative, using a comparative law approach to compare the application of a reverse burden of proof in Indonesian criminal law and Islamic criminal law.Results of the Research: The application of a reverse burden of proof in Indonesia is limited and balanced (balanced probability of principles) as regulated in Article 37 of Law no. 31 of 2019 in conjuction with Law No. 20 of 2000 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes and Article 35 of Law no. 8 of 2010 concerning the Prevention and Eradication of the Crime of Money Laundering. In Islamic criminal law, the application of t a reverse burden of proof has long been carried out, as seen in Surah Al-Nisa verse 135 and the story of Prophet Yusuf's proof of Zulaikha's accusation in Surah Yusuf verses 24-29, and several hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad. These two legal systems are similar in terms of the application of a reverse burden of proof that is only applied to certain cases, such as corruption and money laundering. However, the difference is that the application of a reverse burden of proof in Indonesian criminal law is limited and balanced. In contrast, the principle of a reverse burden of proof against corruption cases in Islamic criminal law is absolute.
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Hatta, Muhammad. "Ratio Legis Penerapan Beban Pembuktian Terbalik Di Indonesia." Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum 18, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 76–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/istinbath.v18i1.3288.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The reverse proof is the burden of proof to the suspect of a crime. In principle, the application of the reversed burden of proof is against the universal law of proof and is not following the presumption of innocence. However, the reverse burden of proof contained in the Law on the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption, and the Law on the Prevention and Eradication of the Crime of Money Laundering, with a Legis Ratio of the two types of crimes classified as white color crimes, and extraordinary crimes, is right. Because it can be ascertained that, when the verification process takes place, law enforcement will have difficulty in proving the guilt of the perpetrators of the crime. In Indonesia, the application of the reverse burden of proof is applied to corruption and money laundering crimes which are limited to the Eradication of Corruption Crimes and Money Laundering Crimes. In Islamic law, the application of the reverse burden of the proof system is included in the ta'zir category which is based on government policy (ulul amri). The inverse burden of proof system is implied in the Qur'an, Surah Yusuf, Verses 26-29. However, in applying the reverse proof system, the jurists use istihsan in making ijtihad on contemporary social problems. Thus, both in the perspective of general law and Islamic law, the reverse proof is something that is specifically allowed, for criminal cases where it is estimated that there will be difficulties in proving it. Keywords: Ratio Legis Reverse Proof System, Indonesia, Comparative Legal Study
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S, Suaidi. "Formulasi Sistem Pembuktian Terbalik Tindak Pidana Korupsi di Indonesia dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam." Al-Adillah: Jurnal Hukum Islam 1, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.61595/aladillah.v1i2.203.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Corruption have widespread and even became a culture of Indonesia that the government set up a new system, known as Reversal Burden Of Proof. Even though the model is considered to be contrary to the fundamental principle of the rule of law, but in Islamic law and the evidence, it is legally seen as a necessity to eradicating corruption. It is based on the demands and the welfare of Reversal Burden Of Proof Formulation.
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Khalid, Nasirullah. "Presumption of Innocence in the Islamic Law." Volume-3: Issue- 1 (January) 3, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36099/ajahss.3.1.2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The principle of the Presumption of Innocence is one of the main principles of all modern legal systems. It is also an important right of the accused mentioned in the human rights documents. The principle simply means that an accused considered innocent until proved guilty by a competent court. Using the descriptive-analytical method, this article studies this principle from the Islamic Law perspective exploring its meaning, basis, and exceptions. The article finds that Islamic law recognizes this principle in its highest sources, That are the Holy Quran and Hadith (sayings and actions of the Holy Prophet Mohammad). The Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) himself and so Muslim jurist applied this principle in both civil and criminal cases. Furthermore, the article identifies two main exceptions of the Presumption of Innocence in Islamic law that are: transferring burden of proof from the plaintiff to the accused when there are reasonable doubts against him/her such as strangely enrichment of a public servant after employment and the second exception is the precautionary imprisonment; however the Muslim jurist have different views regarding the application of the precautionary imprisonment which shows their doubts towards this measure specially when there are not enough proofs.
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Mamedov, Yusif. "Islamic criminal procedure law: human rights issues." Grani 23, no. 10 (October 30, 2020): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/172092.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It has been established that harsh Islamic punishments are practically not applied due to the high burden of proof and the need to involve an exhaustive number of witnesses. It has been proven that the Islamic criminal justice system provides the accused with basic guarantees. It is noted that according to Sharia, Islamic crimes are divided into three categories: Hadd, Qisas and Tazir. It is noted that Islamic criminal law provides that the accused is not guilty if his guilt is not proven. It is noted that equality before the law is one of the main legal principles of the Islamic criminal model, as all persons are equal before the law and are condemned equally regardless of religious or economic status (lack of immunity). There are four main principles aimed at protecting human rights in Islamic criminal law: the principle of legality (irreversible action), the principle of presumption of innocence, the principle of equality and the principle of ultimate proof. In addition, the Islamic criminal justice system provides defendants with many safeguards, which are always followed during detention, investigation, trial and after trial. It is established that such rights are: 1) the right of every person to the protection of life, honor, freedom and property; 2) the right to due process of law; 3) the right to a fair and open trial before an impartial judge; 4) freedom from coercion to self-disclosure; 5) protection against arbitrary arrest and detention; 6) immediate court proceedings; 7) the right to appeal. It is noted that if a person is charged, he/she has many remedies It is noted that the trial must be fair, in which the qadi (judge) plays an important role. It has been established that, in addition to the procedural guarantees, the qualifications and character of the qadi, as well as the strict requirements of Islamic rules of proof, are intended to ensure a fair trial in the case of the accused. Adherence to these principles has been shown to indicate that the rights of the accused are fully guaranteed under Islamic criminal law.
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Nawang, Nazli Ismail, Mohd Lotpi Mohd Yusob, and Aminuddin Mustaffa. "Anonymous Online Offenders – Presumption of Innocence or Presumption of Guilt? A Comparative Analysis between the Evidence Act 1950 and the Islamic Criminal Law." Jurnal Islam dan Masyarakat Kontemporari 19 (September 11, 2018): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/jimk.2018.19.0.282.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Anonymity is perhaps the most valued feature of the Internet as its users are able to conceal their true identities or assume pseudonyms in the cyber world. Anonymity may be good for freedom of speech as any speakers could freely express their thoughts without the fear of being identified (though not impossible). Unfortunately, anonymity poses great challenges to law enforcement agencies as they would face difficulty in tracing cyber offenders. For that reason, the Malaysian Parliament has passed a new section 114A of the Evidence Act 1950 that has the effect of shifting the burden of proof on the alleged offenders to prove his innocence. This provision seems to be in contrast with the legal maxim of ‘semper necessitas probandi incumbit ei qui agit’ which means ‘he who asserts must prove’. This same principle has also been adopted in Islamic criminal law as the Islamic legal maxim has explicitly stated that ‘the onus of proof is upon the claimant, and the taking of an oath is upon him who denies’. As such, this paper attempts to scrutinise the approach that has been adopted by judges in interpreting and applying this new law. Further, a comparative analysis with Islamic criminal law will be made in order to ascertain whether such principle could be applied in certain cases since cyber criminals are hardly traceable or identifiable. The study is largely based on doctrinal research as it is primarily concerned with the review of relevant decided cases and statutory provisions as well as text books, journal articles and seminar papers. To sum up, it is submitted that the new law does not amount to an automatic presumption of guilt as the prosecutors are still required to prove the existence of relevant basic facts before the accused is mandated to prove his innocence.
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Abdullah, Abdullah. "Juridical Study of Corruption Crime in Indonesia: A Comparative Study." International Journal of Law, Environment, and Natural Resources 2, no. 1 (August 19, 2022): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51749/injurlens.v2i1.22.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Corruption is an act of deviation that is against the law and the principle of justice (al-`adalah). Corruption with all its negative impacts produces various distortions in the life of the nation and state. In Islamic law, Corruption (jarimah) Crime is prohibited in the Qur'an and al-hadith. Fingers of corruption fall into the category of ta'zir punishment where the type of punishment is determined by the government (ulil amri) through a court decision so that perpetrators of corruption can be sentenced to imprisonment, fines, cut-offs hands (had), or even death if the government so wishes. In the aspect of Indonesian criminal law, the eradication of corruption is regulated in Law No. 31 of 1999 jo. Law No. 20 of 2001. This provision can ensnare perpetrators of corruption in both the private and public sectors. To increase the effectiveness of law enforcement against corruption, the government established the institution of the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) and the Court of Corruption. In addition, to facilitate the process of proving corruption offenses, this provision applies a reverse burden of proof.
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Halimi, Sonia. "Arabic Legal Phraseology in Positive Law and Jurisprudence: The Historical Influence of Translation." Comparative Legilinguistics 46, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 37–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cl-2021-0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The present study examines Arabic legal phraseology formation from the standpoint of positive law and jurisprudence. It claims that phraseological constructions in Arabic legislative and statutory texts are largely influenced by the translation process of Roman law texts. However, scholarly literature still relies to some extent on formulae used in the Islamic jurisprudence. To illustrate this, three examples of legal principles anchored in Islamic jurisprundence, known as legal maxims, are subjected to a comparative analysis and discussed along with their corresponding expressions in positive law in modern-day Arabic. Ultimately, the purpose of this paper is twofold: firstly, to demonstrate that the phraseology present in many Arabic positive laws is fully adapted to corresponding formulations in the Roman law, steming from a historical translation process that accompanied the codification movement in the beginning of the 20th century; secondly, to emphasize the significance of textual genre awareness in legal translation. Concretely, the introductory section provides an overview of recent studies that have addressed legal phraseologisms. It is followed by a section on the historical role of translation in the construction of certain phraseologisms. The general legal principles of (a) burden of proof, (b) presumption of innocence, and (c) the pacta sunt servanda principle are then examined in order to shed light on the influence of both the Civilist tradition and Islamic jurisprudence on the use of legal Arabic today, as well as to demonstrate how the translation of phraseologisms is dependent on the parameters of genre. The analysis leads to the conclusion that proper use of phraseologisms, whether in drafting or translation, is closely linked to knowledge of phraseology formation and the historical influence of translation.
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Ath Thariq, M. Alwi, M. Zuhdi Imron, and Zuraidah Azkia. "TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN UANG YANG DIBENTUK DALAM HIASAN SEBAGAI MAHAR PERNIKAHAN." Usroh: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/ujhki.v6i1.12187.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research is motivated by the use of money formed in decoration as a wedding dowry. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that cause people to use money made as decorations as a marriage dowry and to find out how Islamic law reviews the use of money formed by hisan as a marriage dowry. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method with the type of field research. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that first, the factors that cause people to use decorative money as a wedding dowry, among others, because it has unique elements, follows trends, the number of craftsmen for decorative dowry money, can be used as decoration and can be used as a keepsake. Second, a review of Islamic law on the use of money made as decorations as a dowry, among others, based on the hadith of the prophet from Sahal bin Sa'ad al Sa'adiy in the form of muttafaq 'alaih, that the dowry is an obligatory thing in a marriage and does not burden the husband in marriage. giving a dowry to his wife, even from an iron ring and memorizing the Qur'an is allowed as a dowry. Furthermore, based on the rules of fiqhiyyah, the law of origin of something is permissible, until there is a proof that shows its prohibition. In addition, the dowry of money can also be useful at a time when a husband and wife need funds so that they can take the money from within the frame to meet their needs. Keywords: Islamic Law; Dowry; Money
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Kiralfy, Albert. "The Burden of Proof." Arab Law Quarterly 4, no. 1 (February 1989): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3381450.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Burden of proof (Islamic law)"
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PIAZZA, LAURA. "The burden of proof in WTO law and practice." Doctoral thesis, Università Bocconi, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/11565/4053861.
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Omer, A. Ibrahim. "Proof in Islamic law with special reference to the Sudan." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309374.
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Salazar, Juan Carlos. "The burden of proof of the air cargo claimant under international law /." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30323.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The air cargo industry is evolving rapidly, as is its international law regime. The recent entry into force of the Montreal Protocol No. 4 and adoption of the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air signed at Montreal on 28 May 1999 constitutes a new legal framework for air cargo claims.Rather than offering definite answers, this thesis identifies some current and emerging issues in the law of air cargo claims, particularly those aspects that the claimant must prove. The work traces the development of the Warsaw System by writers and courts, and attempts to identify trends in the application and interpretation of the new legal framework. The evolution towards independence of the law of carriage of goods by air from other similar regimes, and the existing connections among them, are examined. When appropriate, common law and civil law solutions to some legal issues will be introduced.
Finally, the thesis concludes that conflicting decisions in this field could be avoided by adopting uniform rules to solve conflicts of laws and to interpret international carriage conventions.
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Salazar, Juan Carlos. "The burden of proof of the air cargo claimant under international law." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64299.pdf.
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Rowback, Jillian. "The role of individual differences in explaining the acceptability of prosecutorial misconduct." View thesis online, 2009. http://docs.rwu.edu/psych_thesis/3/.
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Baldini, Renato Ornellas. "Distribuição dinâmica do ônus da prova no direito processual do trabalho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-05122013-093647/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O presente trabalho estuda a aplicação da teoria da distribuição dinâmica do ônus da prova no Direito Processual do Trabalho. Analisa, inicialmente, os impactos das novas demandas trabalhistas e das modernas teorias do Direito Processual no Direito Processual do Trabalho. Aborda o ônus da prova em seus aspectos gerais, definindo conceito de prova, conceitos e distinções entre ônus, obrigação e dever e conceito de ônus da prova, analisando a evolução teórica e o perfil dogmático da distribuição do ônus da prova, a estrutura funcional do ônus da prova (ônus da prova subjetivo e ônus da prova objetivo), o ônus da prova de fato negativo, a prova diabólica, a inversão judicial do ônus da prova (com ênfase para a regra prevista no Código de Defesa do Consumidor e o momento processual adequado para tanto) e a relação entre presunções, responsabilidade civil objetiva e o ônus da prova. Estuda aspectos gerais acerca do ônus da prova no Direito Processual do Trabalho, referentes à regra do artigo 818 da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho, e a aplicação subsidiária do artigo 333 do Código de Processo Civil, e à inversão judicial do ônus da prova no processo juslaboral, com base na aplicação do Código de Defesa do Consumidor, do princípio protetor, do princípio da pré-constituição da prova e do princípio da aptidão para a prova. Analisa aspectos gerais referentes à teoria da distribuição dinâmica do ônus da prova, estabelecendo conceitos e distinções entre distribuição estática, inversão judicial e distribuição dinâmica do ônus da prova, abordando origens históricas e incorporação da teoria no Direito Comparado, fundamentos para aplicação da dinamização da carga probatória no Direito Processual Brasileiro (com ênfase ao direito fundamental à prova, ao princípio da igualdade material no processo, exercício dos poderes instrutórios do juiz, busca da verdade real e regra do artigo 333, parágrafo único, inciso II, do Código de Processo Civil) e incorporação legislativa da teoria no Direito Processual Brasileiro, prevista no Anteprojeto de Código Brasileiro de Processos Coletivos, Projeto de Lei da Ação Civil Pública e Projeto de Código de Processo Civil. Por fim, estuda especificamente a aplicação da teoria da distribuição dinâmica do ônus da prova no Direito Processual do Trabalho, partindo dos fundamentos para sua incidência no processo juslaboral (direito fundamental à prova, princípio da igualdade material no processo e a regra do artigo 852 - D da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho), abordando critérios objetivos para a aplicação (subsidiariedade, utilização dos poderes instrutórios e das máximas de experiência do juiz, vedação do incentivo ao comodismo processual e à instauração da probatio diabólica reversa, com observância do binômio impossibilidade/extrema dificuldade do empregado na produção da prova-possibilidade/maior facilidade na produção para o empregador, fundamentação da decisão, vedação da carga processual superveniente), momento processual adequado para a dinamização, relação entre nulidades processuais e distribuição dinâmica, instrumento processual cabível para impugnação da incidência da teoria, definição da regra de distribuição do ônus da prova pelos Tribunais e casuísticas de aplicação da distribuição dinâmica do ônus da prova, com exame crítica da doutrina e da jurisprudência, no Direito Processual Individual do Trabalho (abordando os seguintes temas: jornada de trabalho, vale-transporte, equiparação salarial, depósitos do fundo de Garantia do Tempo de Serviço (FGTS), despedimento, salário-família, acidente do trabalho, assédio moral e assédio sexual, discriminação das relações de trabalho, privacidade e intimidade do trabalhador, responsabilidade subsidiária da Administração Pública, grupo econômico, sucessão trabalhista, bem de família e gratuidade processual) e no Direito Processual Coletivo do Trabalho, com formulação de proposta legislativa ao final do estudo.This work studies the application of the theory of dynamic distribution of the burden of proof on Labor Procedural Law. It examines, initially, the impact of new labor demands and modern theories of the Procedural Law on Labor Procedural Law. It boards the burden of proof in its general aspects, defining concept of proof, concepts and distinctions between burden, obligation and duty and concept of burden of proof, analyzing the theoretical evolution and dogmatic profile of the distribution of the burden of proof, the functional structure of the burden of proof (subjective burden of proof and objective burden of proof), the burden of proof in fact negative, diabolical proof, the judicial reverse of the burden of proof (with emphasis on the rule laid down in the Consumer Defense Code and the appropriate procedural moment for this) and the relation between presumptions, strict liability and burden of proof. It studies general aspects about the burden of proof on Labor Procedural Law, referring to the rule of Artic le 818 of the Consolidation of Labor Laws, and the subsidiary application of Article 333 of the Code of Civil Procedure, and the judicial reverse of the burden of proof in Labor Procedure Law based on implementation of the Code of Consumer Protection, protective principle, principle of pre-establishment of proof and principle of the aptitude for proof. It analyzes general aspects concerning the theory of dynamic distribution of the burden of proof, establishing concepts and distinctions between static distribution, judicial reversal and dynamic distribution of the burden of proof, addressing historical origins and incorporation of the theory in Comparative Law, grounds for implementation of dynamic distribution of the burden of proof on Brazilian Procedural Law (with emphasis on the fundamental right to proof, principle of substantive equality in the process, practice of the judges investigation powers, search for real truth and rule of Article 333, sole paragraph, II, of the Code of Civil Procedure) and legislative incorporation of the theory in the Brazilian Procedural Law, foreseen in the preliminary bill of law for the Brazilian Code of Class Actions, bill of law for the Public Civil Action and bill of law for the Code of Civil Procedure. Finally, it studies specifically the application of the theory of dynamic distribution of the burden of proof on the Labor Procedural Law, starting for her impacts on the Labor Procedure (fundamental right to proof, principle of substantive equality in the process and the rule of Article 852 - D of the Consolidation of Labor Laws), addressing objective criteria to application (subsidiarity, use of the judges investigation powers, judges maxims of experience, prohibition to encourage self-indulgence and to establish reverse probatio diabolica, with observance of the binomial inability/extreme difficulty of the employee in the production of proof-possibility/ease in the production for the employer , reasons for the decision, seal to supervening procedural burden), procedural moment suitable to dynamize, relation between procedural nullity and dynamic distribution, appropriate procedural tool to challenge the incidence of the theory, definition of the distribution rule of the burden of proof by the Courts and case studies of application of the dynamic distribution of the burden of proof, with critical examination of doctrine and jurisprudence, in the Individual Labor Procedural Law (addressing the following topics: working time, transportation ticket, salary equation, Brazilian s employment compensation funds credit (FGTS), dismissal, family allowance, labor-related accident, workplace bullying and sexual harassment, discrimination in work relations, employee\'s privacy and intimacy, public administrations subsidiary liability, economic group, labor succession, homestead right and gratuity procedure) and Labor Class Actions, with formulating legislative proposition by the end of the study.
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Pires, Líbia da Graça. "Teoria da distribuição dinâmica do ônus da prova no processo do trabalho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-04052012-101854/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Esta tese aborda a distribuição do ônus da prova no processo trabalhista pretendendo a aplicação da teoria da distribuição dinâmica do onus probandi neste ramo processual especial. Na primeira parte do trabalho são examinadas questões relativas aos direitos fundamentais, bem assim aos princípios constitucionais processuais, com relevo especial ao direito constitucional à prova. Na sequência serão estudadas as matérias relativas ao ônus da prova na teoria geral do processo, suas dimensões, os poderes instrutórios do juiz, a teoria clássica da distribuição do ônus da prova, bem assim as especificidades da inversão da prova no processo do trabalho. Segue-se a abordagem com a apresentação de teoria dinâmica do ônus da prova e sua recepção pelo direito brasileiro, apontando ainda alguns projetos legislativos que já positivam sua adoção no Brasil. Por fim, e considerando a necessidade de superação das regras estáticas do ônus da prova no direito processual do trabalho propõe-se a adoção das regras dinâmicas, partindo da necessidade de efetividade da tutela jurisdicional e concretização dos princípios da igualdade substancial, tudo em observância ao direito fundamental a um processo do trabalho justo e igualitário. Serão, ainda, abordadas algumas decisões jurisprudenciais da Justiça do Trabalho que aplicam o ônus dinâmico da prova.The present thesis addresses the distribution of the burden of proof in labor procedural law aiming to apply the theory of dynamic distribution of the onus probandi in this branch of special procedural law. In the first part of this paper, issues related to the fundamental rights, as well as procedural constitutional principles, will be assessed, with special emphasis to the constitutional right to poof. Subsequently, matters related to the burden of proof in general procedural theory, its dimensions, the instruction powers of the judge, the classic theory of distribution of the burden of proof, as well as the specificities of the inversion of the proof burden in labor procedural law will be analyzed. Then, an approach to the dynamic theory of the burden of proof and its reception in Brazilian law is presented, highlighting some legislative projects that already indicate the positive adoption in Brazil. Finally, and considering the urge to overcome the static rules of the proof burden in labor procedural law, we propose the adoption of the dynamic rules, from the standpoint of the need for effectiveness in jurisdictional custody and materialization of the principles of substantial equality, in observance of the fundamental right to a fair and equalitarian labor proceeding. And yet, some case law rulings of the Labor Justice applying the principle of dynamic burden of proof will be addressed.
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Howard, Ryan Michael. "A clarification of the use of multiple regression analysis in meeting the burden of proof in compensation discrimination litigation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50238.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MComm)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The new set of employment equity laws call for South African organisations to justify their compensations systems. During compensation discrimination litigation, evidence is required to support arguments put before the court in order to meet the burden of proof. The similarity between foreign and domestic legal systems, suggests that the operational implications of foreign legislation will also be relevant to South Africa. This raises the debate as to the nature of fairness in the compensation context, the debate of comparable worth and the use of multiple regression analysis. The organisation must present to the court evidence to show that the choice of compensable constructs, their measurement and application does not discrimination directly or indirectly based on group membership. Multiple regression analysis, a statistical method to model the compensation system, is fraught with difficulties and misunderstanding. It is nevertheless the most appropriate method to investigate compensation fairness. Comparable worth and multiple regression analysis require assessment in the South African context. The issues, which hindered the successful use of multiple regression analysis abroad, are reviewed in order to smooth its entry into South African litigation. A framework is presented based on literature and case law whereby all parties concerned can produce and evaluate such evidence
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die nuwe Anti-Diskrimineringswetgewing verlang van Suid-Afrikaanse organisasies om salarisstelsels te regverdig. Gedurende salarisdiskriminasielitigasie word bewys verlang om die bewyslas oor te dra. Die gelyksoortigheid van buitelandse en binnelandse regstelsels gee te kenne dat die operatiewe implikasies van buitelandse wetgewing relevant tot Suid-Afrika sal wees. Dit bevraagteken die aard van billikheid in die kompensasie konteks, die debat van vergelykbare waarde en die gebruik van veelvoudige regressieontleding. Die betrokke party moet bewys aan die hof toon om te bevestig dat die keuse van vergoedingskonstruksie, sowel as die meting en toepassing daarvan, nie onregverdig diskrimineer, ten opsigte van demografiese groepe me. Veelvoudige regressieontleding 'n statistiese metode wat gebriuk kan word om die salarissisteem voor te stel. Alhoewel dit vele onduidelikhede bevat, is dit steeds die mees toepaslike metode om salarisbillikheid te ondersoek. Vergelykbare waarde en meervoudige regressieontleding is in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks geëvalueer. Die aspekte wat die sukses van die gebruik van meervoudige regressieontleding in ander lande verhinder het, is ondersoek en geëvalueer om die toekomstige toepassing daarvan in Suid-Afrika te vergemaklik. 'n Raamwerk gebaseer op literatuur en gevalle studies word voorgestel, waar al die betrokke partye sodanige bewys kan produseer en evalueer.
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Garavaglia, M. "LA RIPARTIZIONE DELL'ONERE DELLA PROVA NEGLI ORDINAMENTI DI COMMON LAW." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/488126.
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In the first chapter («La natura dell’onere della prova») it is carried out a preliminary survey on the most important theoretical principles of the allocation of the burden of proof in the common law systems. After an introduction on the material facts, in the second section («La bipartizione dell’onere della prova in burden of persuasion e burden of production») it is pointed out that the burden of proof concept is divided into two separate burdens: the burden of persuasion and the burden of production. In the third and in the fourth chapter it is carried out an in depth analysis of both the persuasion burden and the production burden. The second chapter («La ripartizione dell’onere della prova») focus on the analysis of the tests that American judges use to allocate the burden of proof between the plaintiff and the defendant. It is pointed out that there is not a single test that can solve in every case the question of the allocation of the burden of proof. Thus, it appears really important the power of the judge to instruct the jurors on the content of the verdict in the eventuality that the judgement on the facts will be in a state of semiplena probatio. In the last section of this chapter it is studied the matter of presumptions, and how it is influenced by the presence of two burdens of proof. The third chapter («Analisi casistica della giurisprudenza») is an analysis of the most important American cases on the allocation of the burden proof. It is divided into three different sections. The first section is on the family law, and concern with will contests and matrimonial legitimacy contest in the well-known bigamy issues. The second section is on the contract law, and refers specifically to the breach of contract cases in judgements founded on bailment contracts and insurance contracts. The third section is on the tort law, and focus on the most important cases where the negligence of the defendant must be presumed. Eventually, the last paragraph of this section will concern with the question of the allocation of the burden of proof of the contributory negligence of the plaintiff.
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Rulevičiūtė, Indrė. "Įrodinejimo pareiga ir dalykas civiliniame pocese." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070101_135640-66588.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SUMMARY
Subsantial questions of legal regulation of burden of proof and the matter of proof in civil procedure are being discussed in this master‘s writing. The work deals both with disclosing the legal regulation of burden of proof and the matter of proof in actual civil procedure, and analyzing the main theoretical and practical aspects of these questions in more details. The structure of this work enables to reveal the essence of this theme. The work consists of two parts. Whereas from the begining of the civil procedure, first of all, it is important to define which facts are disputed in the particular civil case, therefore the first part of this work deals with revealing the legal regulation of matter of proof. The legitimate and right court judgement can be taken only if all factual circumstances of a case are established. In every civil case the court must be „on the balance of probabilities“ that the alleged facts exist. The first part of this work deals with the conceptions of matter of proof in civil procedure. Also analyze the theoretical and practical significance of establishing the factual circumstances in particular civil case. The further chapters of the first part reveals the essence of each group of the facts, which can be asserting in civil cases. As we already know the facts in dispute on an issue raised between the parties, the second important practical step - to allocate the burden of proof. The second part of this work reveals the conceptions of... [to full text]
Книги з теми "Burden of proof (Islamic law)"
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Shafi, Ansari Mohd, ed. Law relating to burden of proof. Jodhpur: Rajasthan Law House, 1986.
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Ibrahim, Hamid. Civil proceedings: Burden & standard of proof. Subang Indah, Petaling Jaya, Selangor: Gavel Publications, 2012.
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L, Twining William, and Stein Alex 1957-, eds. Evidence and proof. New York, NY: New York University Press, 1992.
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Chaturvedi, Gopal S. C.D. Field's commentary on law on burden of proof. 2nd ed. Delhi: Delhi Law House, 2002.
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Trade, health, and the burden of proof in WTO law. Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 2012.
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Palmer, Andrew. Proof: How to analyse evidence in preparation for trial. 2nd ed. Pyrmont, N.S.W: Lawbook Co., 2010.
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Huefner, Dixie S. Burden of proof under the Individuals with Disabilities Act. [S.l.]: LRP Publications, 1993.
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Burdens of proof in modern discourse. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.
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Kokott, Juliane. The burden of proof in comparative and international human rights law: Civil and common law approaches with special reference to the American and German legal systems. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1998.
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Macnair, Michael R. T. The law of proof in early modern equity. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1999.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Burden of proof (Islamic law)"
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Song, Meixian. "Burden and standard of proof." In Causation in Insurance Contract Law, 205–29. 2nd ed. London: Informa Law from Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003243847-8.
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Doak, Jonathan, Claire McGourlay, and Mark Thomas. "The Burden and Standard of Proof." In Evidence: Law and Context, 47–77. [Fifth edition]. | Abingdon, Oxon [UK]; New York, NY:: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315166285-3.
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McGourlay, Claire, Mark Thomas, Suzanne Gower, and Joyce Claudia Choo. "The Burden and Standard of Proof." In Evidence: Law and Context, 52–87. 6th ed. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003416098-3.
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Schellekens, M. H. M. "Misuse and the Burden of Proof." In Information Technology & Law Series, 99–116. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-503-2_4.
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Zhang, Xinbao. "On Burden of Proof in Medical Negligence." In Legislation of Tort Liability Law in China, 303–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6961-1_12.
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Karner, Ernst. "The Function of the Burden of Proof in Tort Law." In Tort and Insurance Law, 68–78. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-92798-4_4.
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Tran, Quynh Anh. "Evaluation of Electronic Evidence and the Burden of Proof." In European Yearbook of International Economic Law, 233–47. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18572-4_9.
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Giesen, Ivo. "The Burden of Proof and other Procedural Devices in Tort Law." In Tort and Insurance Law, 49–67. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-92798-4_3.
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Ulfbeck, Vibe, and Marie-Louise Holle. "Tort Law and Burden of Proof — Comparative Aspects. A Special Case for Enterprise Liability?" In Tort and Insurance Law, 26–48. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-92798-4_2.
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Wladasch, Katrin. "Making Antidiscrimination Law Effective: Burden of Proof, Remedies and Sanctions in Discrimination Cases." In European Union and its Neighbours in a Globalized World, 235–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43764-0_12.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Burden of proof (Islamic law)"
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Martinović, Adrijana. "APPLYING THE BURDEN OF PROOF RULES IN GENDER DISCRIMINATION CASES: THE CROATIAN EXPERIENCE." In PROCEDURAL ASPECTS OF EU LAW. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/6532.
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Maskun, Naswar, Achmad, Hasbi Assidiq, Armelia Safira, and Siti Nurhalima Lubis. "Cyber Attack - The Burden of International Crime Proof: Obstacles and Challenges." In The 2nd International Conference of Law, Government and Social Justice (ICOLGAS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201209.269.
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Moulia, Nouvan. "The Position of Defendant’s Statement in the Proof of Adultery Case (The Analysis of Syar’iyah Court Verdict Banda Aceh)." In International Conference on Law, Governance and Islamic Society (ICOLGIS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200306.195.
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Martins, João Vitor Guaitolini. "The Expertise between science and law." In III SEVEN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/seveniiimulti2023-236.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When it comes to the evidence, three central questions arise. Who should bear the burden of producing them, how much proof is required, and what evidence is admissible. To the extent that advocating for new evidence or presenting it, when permitted by law, is a procedural faculty and therefore subject to estoppel, the answer to the third question changes throughout the process. For this reason, one can even unfold the answer to the third question into which are admissible by law and when each piece of evidence is admissible. Law, jurisprudence and doctrine deal with zeal and attention to these questions, in general and in specific cases or hypotheses. Still, when the analysis is deepened, one perceives in each mode of proof equally curious questions. In the case of expert evidence, it is also frequent to discuss who will produce it, when and how to produce it and how to deal with its product, the report.
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Radović, Mirjana. "POSEBNA ZAŠTITA KORISNIKA FINANSIJSKIH USLUGA KOD UGOVARANjA NA DALjINU." In XV Majsko savetovanje: Sloboda pružanja usluga i pravna sigurnost. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xvmajsko.813r.
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In this paper the author analyzes the new legal regime regarding the distance marketing of financial services, that was introduced into Serbian law by the Law on Protection of Financial Service Users in Case of Distance Marketing from 2018. Bearing in mind that this law was enacted under the direct influence of the Directive 2002/65/EC concerning the distance marketing of consumer financial services, the first part of the paper presents the development of regulation in this field at the EU level and in Serbia. The second part of the paper deals with determining the scope of new rules, through defining the meaning of financial services and distance contracts. Thereafter, the author explains what types of financial service users are specifically protected in case of distance marketing. The following part of the paper examines specific rights of financial service users in case of distance marketing, and in particular: the information right, the right of withdrawal and the right to cancel the contract. Finally, the last part of the paper explores the user’s position in a civil litigation procedure against the financial service provider, and regulatory response to this problem, which specifically regulates the burden of proof in such cases.
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Vujičić, Jovan. "Saobraznost robe sa digitalnim elementima prema Direktivi (EU) 2019/771." In XXXI Susret pravnika u privredi Republike Srbije. Udruženje pravnika u privredi Srbije, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55836/zbornik_pip_2302a.
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The article analyses the provisions of Directive (EU) 2019/771 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the sale of goods which govern the concept of goods with digital elements, requirements for conformity and the liability of the seller for non-conformity, including the associated time limits and the applicable burden of proof. The changes and additions compared to the previous rules are particularly highlighted, which is of special importance considering that this Directive has not been implemented in the law of the Republic of Serbia. Defining goods with digital elements and digital services, then new explicit criteria for durability, functionality, compatibility and interoperability, the obligation to provide updates necessary for goods with digital elements to remain conform, as well as a change in the approach to determining the time relevant for assessing conformity when digital content or digital service delivered continuously over a period of time, constitute significant advantages in the context of increased digitalization of consumer goods. The novelty is also the separation of requirements for conformity into subjective and objective ones, although, in terms of content, this has not fundamentally changed the previous legal regime.
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Karanikić Mirić, Marija. "PRODUCT LIABILITY REFORM IN THE EU." In International Scientific Conference “Digitalization and Green Transformation of the EU“. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/27456.
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Following a long discussion among professionals, academics and competent authorities, at the end of September 2022, the European Commission published the Proposal for a directive on liability for defective products. In a practical sense, the most significant innovations in the Proposal are the expansion of the definitions of fundamental terms, such as product, producer, defect and damage, and the new provisions that should make it easier for the injured person to initiate proceedings and prove the fulfillment of the conditions for establishing the strict liability of the producer. The reform has several specific goals: to ensure that the liability rules reflect the nature and risks of products in the digital age and circular economy; to ensure that there is always a business based in the EU that can be held liable for defective products purchased directly from manufacturers outside the EU; to ease the burden of proof in complex cases, for example when the damage originates from pharmaceutical products, medical devices and products with a digital component, in which the injured person usually lacks the scientific and technological knowledge and information necessary to prove the existence of defect and the causal link; to ease restrictions on claims (by abolishing the rule that prevents compensation of property damage valued below EUR 500); and to ensure legal certainty by better aligning the rules on product liability with new product safety rules, and by codifying relevant case law. From the producer’s standpoint, all of the changes that have been proposed will lead to an increase in the risk of their liability, which may further cause the rise in liability insurance premiums for the producers. It is reasonable to expect the producers to pass the increased costs of their liability risk on to the consumers.
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Miladinović, Zoran. "Opšta pravila za osiguranje imovine." In XVI Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upk20.199m.
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The rules for property insurance are different from other insurance rules, especially from those regulating the insurance of persons. Compensation for incurred damage and interest to avoid damage are two basic principles of the property insurance. As for the first principle, the property insurance is calculated in an objective way meaning that the insurance claim cannot exceed the amount of the incurred damage. In the property insurance law this principle is known as the principle of indemnification. The other principle, the interest to avoid damage is the subjective principle in property insurance which assumes that the right to insurance is granted only to those persons whose material interest is to avoid damage. These two principles serve as the basis for establishing other general rules (characteristics) of property insurance which are discussed in this paper in details. In order to secure indemnification, the insured person’s has burden of proof to demonstrate that the damage is covered by the policy and specific risk. Double insurance and supplementary insurance are not permitted. In case of sub-insurance, damage claims are proportionally compensated. Cumulative claims (from the insurance company and from the person who caused the damage) are not permitted. Given the fact that the value of the insured property is expressed in monetary terms, and that the purpose of property insurance is the compensation of the damage incurred, the insured value, therefore, is not the important part of the insurance contract and may be omitted. The application of the mentioned insurance rules gives full meaning to the protection of the insured property since by concluding an insurance contract and paying the premium, as the price of service offered by insurance company, the insured person is protected from adverse consequences of property damage.
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Navickiene, Zaneta, and Rolandas Kriksciunas. "WITNESS TESTIMONY: GUARANTEE OF A QUALITY JUDICIAL DECISION, ISSUES, AND SOLUTIONS." In 9th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2022. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2022/s02.025.
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Many may have considered the witness�s role in the court�s function of administering justice as delegated by many national constitutions. Why is a witness important to the court and the participants in the proceedings? Must the witness be summoned to appear in court? What rights and obligations does a witness have? The public has these and many other questions when discussing this actor. When a person�s rights or legally protected interests are violated, he or she has the right to seek redress via courts. This is possible only if the legally relevant facts of the case are established correctly. The parties have to substantiate them with evidence, which determine the outcome of the case. Failure to meet the burden of proof, or failure to meet it properly, may lead to adverse consequences for the person providing evidence; the court may declare that the relevant facts to be proved have not been proven. A committed criminal offence leaves certain traces in the physical environment (objects, documents), and those who observed or were otherwise involved in the offence may remember certain details and talk about them. During criminal proceedings, people able to testify about the offence are questioned while material objects are subject to examination. In a criminal case, the court�s decision (judgement) is based on the data obtained during interviews, examinations, and investigations, known as evidence. Evidence allows for a conclusion that a particular offence has been committed by a particular person or persons. This article examines additional criteria for evaluating the reliability of testimonies given by certain groups of witnesses, which are not laid down in the Lithuanian Code of Criminal Procedure but formulated by case law. Case law identifies the following groups of witnesses whose reliability calls for a more careful (rigorous) evaluation: Witnesses whose credibility calls for a more careful (rigorous) evaluation due to their personal characteristics; witnesses whose credibility calls for a more careful (rigorous) evaluation due to their procedural status. The evaluation of testimonies by these witnesses involves additional procedures (e.g., the use of technical means, acoustic and/or visual barriers, etc.), which provide for a more reliable testimony. It is equally important to ensure that the defence is given adequate opportunities to exercise its procedural functions, and to ensure that basing the judgement on the testimonies provided by witnesses subject to a more rigorous evaluation of the reliability is, to a decisive extent, a measure of last resort rather than the rule.
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Chong, Alberto E., and Florencio López-de-Silanes. Money Laundering and its Regulation. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010875.
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The recent wave of terrorist attacks has increased the attention paid to money laundering activities. Using several methodologies, this paper investigates empirically the determinants of money laundering and its regulation in over 80 countries by assembling a cross-country dataset on proxies for money laundering and the prevalence of feeding activities. The paper additionally constructs specific money laundering regulation indices based on available information on laws and their mechanisms of enforcement and measures their impact on money laundering proxies. The paper finds that tougher money laundering regulations, particularly those that criminalize feeding activities and improve disclosure, are linked to lower levels of money laundering across countries; the results are robust to potential endogeneity of money laundering regulation. The relevance of historical factors in explaining the variation of money laundering regulation across countries sheds light on theories of institutions and provides room for further action, particularly in the areas of the law that improve the impact of criminalization, including liability of intermediaries, reductions of the burden of proof and better disclosure.