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Статті в журналах з теми "Building laws Evaluation"
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Peng, Yan, and Yi Chen. "Study on Saving-Energy Product’s Application in Residential Building based on the Product’s Life Cycle." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 3116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.3116.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The life of saving-energy’s product of building generally less far than 50 years compared with the 50 years’ life of urban construction. Because of the relationship of property’s right of residential building complex, legal environment now isn’t better. In future, high maintenance and update cost of all saving-energy product of building will be an important problem. We must change the concept of paying much attention in construction than management, have a LCCA analysis and evaluation of buildings in investment; perfect the relevant laws and regulations; clear the responsible, right, obligation of the property’s. To serve the investor and the owner by effective asset management system, realize the building’s sustainable developing.
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Mahmoud Ezzat Elkotb salem, Khaled Mohmed Mohmed Heiza, Kame, Mahmoud Ezzat Elkotb salem, Khaled Mohmed Mohmed Heiza, Kame. "SUSTAINABLE PREFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS CONSTRUCTION METHOD IN EGYPT: معايير الاداء المستدام لطريقة تشييد المنشآت الصناعية فى مصر". Journal of engineering sciences and information technology 5, № 3 (30 вересня 2021): 172–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.s280321.
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As for factories, they are always divided into two main parts, which are the administrative part and the part in which the industrial process takes place, which is the industrial part. The two parts may be located in one building or a building dedicated to each part may be built, depending largely on the requirements of the industry and the size of the factory. There are large differences between the use of each part and thus, resulting in large differences in the characteristics of each building. The ways of choosing the construction method for industrial building in Egypt still depend to a large extent on anecdotal evidence or simply cost- based evaluation when comparing different construction methods for industrial buildings. Therefore, there is an urgent need for holistic criteria to assist in the method of choosing the appropriate construction method for industrial buildings during the early stages (design and planning stage) of the project. By reviewing the previous literature and the requirements of the various stakeholders in the project, reviewing the Egyptian laws, whether building laws or environmental laws, as well as labor laws, and making comprehensive comparisons between the different construction methods, especially the on- site construction method and the off- site construction method, a set of 30 Sustainable Performance criteria (SPC) based on the Trip Bottom Line (TBL) were determined. A questionnaire was designed and a survey was conducted for Egyptian practitioners who have experience in either the industrial building construction industry or in off- site construction methods. The survey included contractors, consultants and owners of industrial buildings. The survey was conducted to determine their perceptions of the importance of the selected criteria. The ranking analysis of the survey results showed that there is still a low importance for social and environmental standards compared to economic criteria in the method of choosing methods for constructing industrial buildings in Egypt.
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Yu, Shenwei, Shimeng Hao, Jun Mu, and Dongwei Tian. "Optimization of Wall Thickness Based on a Comprehensive Evaluation Index of Thermal Mass and Insulation." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 20, 2022): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031143.
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The thermal performance of buildings in the south of China focuses on thermal mass design, while in the north it favors thermal insulation design, which makes it impossible to achieve a balance between the thermal mass and insulation. Here, a comprehensive evaluation index is developed to measure the thermal performance of a building’s external envelope, which aims to find out the optimal range of the wall thickness under the influence of the thermal mass and insulation, and to seek the correct balance between a building’s energy consumption and the thermal performance of walls. In this paper, four dimensions, namely the heat transfer coefficient, thermal inertia index, attenuation degree, and delay time, are discussed, and the weight coefficients of each subfactor are calculated and isotropically treated to create comprehensive evaluation indicators. Then the distribution laws of the composite index values of common building materials in different climatic zones are examined. The result shows that the correlation coefficient (R2) between M and building energy consumption is about 0.7736–0.8215, which is higher than 0.3494–0.384, the heat transfer coefficient, and is more accurate in predicting building energy demands. Furthermore, through the analysis of the thermal improvement rate and the building energy-saving rate, the suitable wall thickness of commonly used building materials in different climate zones is determined, and the application prospects of the research results are described. With the above research findings, the thickness ranges of walls can be determined at the initial period of building design by combining regional environmental factors and material characteristics to provide a reference for building energy-saving design.
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Pham, Quoc Tuan, and Young-Suk Kim. "Evaluation on Flexibility of Phenomenological Hardening Law for Automotive Sheet Metals." Metals 12, no. 4 (March 29, 2022): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12040578.
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Constitutive modeling of sheet metals involves building a system of equations governing the material behavior under multi-axial stress states. In general, these equations require a hardening law that describes the stress-strain relationship. This study provides a thorough examination of the existing phenomenological hardening laws in the literature. Based on their ordinary differential equations, special efforts were made to discuss the degree of flexibility of these hardening laws. Four new phenomenological hardening laws were proposed during the discussions to capture the stress-strain relationship of automotive sheet metals, such as aluminum alloy and steel sheets. Then, applications of 18 hardening laws for fitting the uniaxial tensile stress-strain data of 12 automotive sheet metals were thoroughly compared. The comparisons reveal that the proposed hardening laws capture well the experimental stress strain data of all examined materials. Compared to several combined hardening laws, the proposed functions have comparable flexibility but require fewer parameters.
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Vicki Dwi Purnomo, Benedictus Hestu Cipto Handoyo, and Syukron Abdul Kadir. "Analysis of Regional Regulations Related to the Implementation of Regulations for Substituting Building Permits in Bantul Regency." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Formosa 1, no. 5 (December 30, 2022): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/jpmf.v1i5.2269.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the affairs that falls under the authority of the regional government of Bantul Regency is related to the affairs of the Implementation of Building Construction which is then regulated through Regional Regulation No. 3 of 2022 concerning Implementation of Building Construction. Regional regulations as written laws made based on the needs of the community must of course be adapted to societal developments and the legal politics of government administration. Therefore regional regulations require periodic evaluations to see the suitability of the regulated content material with developments in implementation in the community. This research focuses on what is the urgency of analysis and evaluation of Bantul Regency Regional Regulation No. 3 of 2022 concerning Implementation of Buildings, and how to analyze and evaluate the Bantul Regency Regional Regulation No. 3 of 2022 concerning Organization of Buildings. The research was carried out using the juridical-normative method with the laws and regulations approach, which was then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The research found that both formally and materially the content was in accordance with the sectoral law, namely Law Number 28 of 2002 and further provisions stipulated in PP No. 16 of 2021 concerning Regulations for Implementing Law Number 28 of 2002 concerning Buildings, but it seems that it is only a copy and paste of the two legal bases. For this reason, in order to avoid repetition or duplication of arrangements, it is necessary to make arrangements that take into account local needs and wisdom in Bantul.
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Purnomo, Vicki dwi. "Analysis of Bantul Regency Regional Regulation Number 3 of 2022 Concerning Building Management." Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2023.5.1.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Regional autonomy has an influence on regional authorities to manage their own regional households in accordance with the capabilities and potential of the region. One of the affairs that fall under the authority of the regional government of Bantul Regency is related to the affairs of the Implementation of Building Construction which is then regulated through Regional Regulation No. 3 of 2022 concerning Implementation of Building Construction. Regional regulations, as written laws made based on the needs of the community, must, of course, be adapted to societal developments and the legal politics of government administration. Therefore, regional regulations require periodic evaluations to see the suitability of the regulated content material with developments in implementation in the community. This research focuses on what is the urgency of the analysis and evaluation of Bantul Regency Regional Regulation No. 3 of 2022 concerning the Implementation of Buildings and how to analyze and evaluate the Bantul Regency Regional Regulation No. 3 of 2022 concerning the Organization of Buildings. The research was carried out using the juridical-normative method with the laws and regulations approach, which was then analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The research found that both formally and materially, the content was in accordance with the sectoral law, namely Law Number 28 of 2002 and further provisions stipulated in PP No. 16 of 2021 concerning Regulations for Implementing Law Number 28 of 2002 concerning Buildings, but it seems that it is only a copy and paste of the two legal bases. For this reason, in order to avoid repetition or duplication of arrangements, it is necessary to make arrangements that take into account local needs and wisdom in Bantul. Therefore, the author recommends the need for improvement in the section related to the implementation of the Bantul Regency Regional Regulation No. 3 of 2022 concerning the Organization of Buildings.
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Ali, Salma, Ahmad Farkhan, and Mohammad Muqoffa. "Redesain Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Banyumas BerdasarkanPedoman Perancangan Rumah Sakit Peraturan Kementerian Kesehatan." ARSITEKTURA 17, no. 2 (October 31, 2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/arst.v17i2.23884.
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<p class="Abstract"><em>A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment, with a complex building system. In Indonesia, there is a regulation for hospital building system set by The Republic of Indonesia’s Minister of Health arranging laws on hospital zoning plan, patient flow management, room requirement and size spesification, and structural and utilities system plan. Banyumas Dictrict Hospital is classified as type B academic hospital established in 1925. In order to develop hospital facilities and increase hospital bed capacity, Banyumas District Hospital demands area expansion and new buildings construction. This periodical development leads tol building system problems as zoning, hospital entrance and accessibility, and building flow system. Banyumas District Hospital is in need of post-occupancy-evaluation which is used as redeseign method, with the intention of restoring hospital to the regulation on hospital building by Minister of Health. Redesign result realized through the processing siteplan design, building design, and material application.</em></p>
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Elwi, Mohammed, Bassman Muhammed, and Nada Alhussiny. "Evaluation of soil-structure interaction for structures subjected to earthquake loading with different types of foundation." MATEC Web of Conferences 162 (2018): 04026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816204026.
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However though the structures are supported on soil, most of the designers do not consider the soil structure interaction and its subsequent effect on structure during an earthquake. Different soil properties can affect seismic waves as they pass through a soil layer. When a structure is subjected to an earthquake excitation, it interacts the foundation and soil, and thus changes the motion of the ground. It means that the movement of the whole ground structure system is influenced by type of soil as well as by the type of structure. Tall buildings are supposed to be of engineered construction in sense that they might have been analyzed and designed to meet the provision of relevant codes of practice and building bye-laws. IS 1893: 2002 “Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures” gives response spectrum for different types of soil such as hard, medium and soft. An attempt has been made in this paper to study the effect of Soil-structure interaction on multi storeyed buildings with various foundation systems. Also to study the response of buildings subjected to seismic forces with Rigid and Flexible foundations. Multi storeyed buildings with fixed and flexible support subjected to seismic forces were analyzed under different soil conditions like hard, medium and soft. The buildings were analyzed by Response spectrum method using software SAP2000. The response of building frames such as Lateral deflection, Story drift, Base shear, Axial force and Column moment values for all building frames were presented in this paper.
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Mutinta, Mutinta, Mundia Muya, and Balimu Mwiya. "An Integrated Green Building Assessment Tool for Low-Cost Housing Development in Zambia." Sustainability in Environment 6, no. 3 (June 18, 2021): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/se.v6n3p1.
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Green building rating tools developed to assess the impact of buildings on the environment may not have all the appropriate methods and criteria for different environmental, economic, social and cultural conditions in the world. Assessment tools should be developed to meet minimum green building standards and aspirations. The challenge in developing countries like Zambia is that there is limited access to green building rating tools and a lack of technology and resources to have local tools. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to select methods and criteria for assessing green low-cost housing in Zambia from literature review and interviews with building practitioners. The 11th Sustainable Development Goal was part of literature review and some strategies were adopted as part of the criteria for green building assessment. A sequential mixed-method design was used to collect and analyze data through interviews and an online AHP evaluation of preferred criteria and methods. The results from the study suggest that the most preferred method of green building assessment is a Local Based Assessment, with local strategies and materials. Energy, water, health and wellbeing were determined to be the most preferred criteria for green building assessment. The proposed criteria could be used for guiding designers and planners in housing projects and for reviewing current building bye-laws.
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Yang, Xinyu, and Longlong Han. "Evaluation of undergraduate majors in colleges and universities: problems, causes and countermeasures." Advances in Education, Humanities and Social Science Research 1, no. 1 (May 9, 2022): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aehssr.1.1.362.
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Evaluation of undergraduate majors refers to the process of analyzing and judging undergraduate major education by using a certain index system. At present, the evaluation of undergraduate majors in colleges and universities mainly has problems such as formalism, backward management, and low social participation. The reasons for these problems include emphasizing the whole and neglecting the part, emphasizing evaluation and neglecting governance, and the evaluation system lacks corresponding legal basis. It is necessary to promote the healthy development of undergraduate professional evaluation in colleges and universities by transforming government functions, improving laws and regulations, and strengthening team building.
Дисертації з теми "Building laws Evaluation"
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Alms̊, Johannes. "Building performance evaluation an organization for documentation." Link to electronic thesis, 2002. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0822102-183645.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute.Keywords: building performance -- fire safety -- fire spread -- fire detection and initial action -- automatic sprinkler systems -- smoke movement, control and toxicity -- structural frame -- fire brigade intervention -- life safety. Includes bibliographical references.
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Almås, Johannes. "Building Performance Evaluation: An Organization for Documentation." Digital WPI, 2003. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/954.
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"An organization of a variety of useful references and tools for evaluating typical situations that have to be addressed in a performance based fire safety design are structured in this project. The chapters in this paper are arranged the same way as the situations may appear in fire scenarios. Each chapter discusses relevant issues for regulatory required sub evaluations in fire safety engineering. In this paper the sub evaluations are named; Fire spread within the origin, Barriers and fire spread beyond the origin, Fire detection and initial action, Automatic sprinkler systems, Smoke movement, control and toxicity, Structural frame, Fire brigade intervention and Life safety. The paper addresses standards and publications to evaluate fire safety in buildings. The tools and references presented are an assortment from a variety of methods and correlations that have been developed through the years in order to achieve knowledge of the dynamics of the fire and how to control its severity. The topics for the sub evaluations are codes and standards, design fire development, fire protection efficiencies in fires, reliability issues, building and construction characteristics, occupant characteristics, evaluation tools and evaluation software."
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Chung, Ng Kam-seung Grace, and 鍾吳錦裳. "An evaluation of the impacts of the Building Management Ordinance on Owners' Corporations of domestic buildings in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45008000.
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Foster, Michael Smith. "The sacred in relation to a church building a canonical evaluation /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1988. http://www.tren.com.
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劉子榕 and Chi-yung Joseph Lau. "Evaluation of the estate management of private residential buildings in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4389477X.
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Decman, John M. "Effects of state deregulation on the quantity and adequacy of school facilities." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1191105.
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The general purpose of this study was to determine whether deregulation in Indiana via Public Law 25-1995 has had an adverse effect on either quantity or adequacy of new school construction. Data for projects approved during the three years preceding deregulation (1992-1994) were compared with data for projects approved during the three years following deregulation (1996-1998).Data for the projects were obtained from state agencies. They included the number of projects approved, the cost of each project, the size of each project, and school district enrollment, and the assessed valuation of each school district in each of the years studied. Major findings included: (a) The annual average number of approved projects prior to deregulation was 14 and the annual average following deregulation was 13. (b) The size of approved elementary level projects did not change following deregulation (it remained at 138 square feet per student). The size of approved middle level projects decreased from 196 square feet per student to 170 square feet per student after deregulation (a 14% decrease), and the size of middle schools became less uniform. The size of approved high school projects decreased from 230 square feet per student to 209 square feet per student after deregulation (a 9% decrease). (c) The average cost per square foot of approved elementary school projects declined from $113 to $109, and the average cost per square foot of approved high school projects declined from $119 to $107 after deregulation. The average cost per square foot of approved middle level projects increased from $105 to $110. (d) School district wealth did not have a significant effect on either the quantity of projects or the size of projects. (e) School district size did not have a significant effect on either the quantity of projects or the size of projects.Recommendations include additional long-term studies to address not only the effects of deregulation on school facilities, but also the effects of deregulation on educational programming.Department of Educational Leadership
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Yung, Hiu-kwan Esther, and 容曉君. "Evaluation of statutory and contractual controls for private development in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31251778.
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Bull, Carolyn Humanities & Social Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "No entry without strategy : an evaluation of UN transitional administration approaches to building the rule of law in disrupted states." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/39526.
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As a mode of intervention in which the UN assumed direct authority over disrupted states, transitional administrations represent unique examples of ambitious state-building projects. This thesis investigates the apparent failure of transitional administrations to establish the rule of law in Cambodia, Kosovo and East Timor. It identifies nine explanatory factors which are tested against each case study. In addition, it seeks to enhance conceptual understandings of the UN???s state-building agenda and to add to empirical studies regarding attempts by external actors to establish the rule of law in disrupted states. Three findings emerge. First, in each case, UN transitional administrations failed in each of the following ways: to make the best use of their mandate; to establish effective state justice institutions; to build local commitment to the rule of law as a value system; to promote social relationships supportive of the rule of law; to ensure sufficient state capacity post-intervention; to maintain adequate levels of security; to address the existence of informal justice structures; to deal with the legacies of the past; and to ensure an adequate level of mission performance. Of these, establishing effective state justice institutions, building local commitment and addressing informal justice structures proved most crucial. Second, the state-based ???enforcement??? approach adopted by transitional administrations proved ineffective. Enacting laws and establishing coercive state structures such as judicial, police and prison services were critical to, but could not be equated with the rule of law. This approach did not account sufficiently for the importance of entrenched informal justice institutions, of the voluntary consent of local actors, or of appropriate institutional design choices. As a result, it did not offer real solutions to real problems faced by local actors. Finally, the UN failed to consider fully how to create an enabling ???space??? in which internal processes of change could occur, to engage appropriately with local actors, to overcome the tyrannies of truncated deployment, or to address these issues at the ???front-end??? of the mission. This ???entry without strategy??? approach to state-building seriously undermined the UN???s ability to establish the rule of law, as the self-declared touchstone of its state-building agenda.
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Binzer, Joseph Robert. "An evaluation of the Steps in a building process manual of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati in light of canons 532, 537 and 1281." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.
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Williams, Gerald Herman Jr. "An Evaluation of Public Construction Contracting Methods for the Public Building Sector in Oregon using Data Envelopment Analysis." PDXScholar, 2003. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1645.
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Since 1976 public agencies in Oregon have been allowed to select construction contractors using a "qualification" based competition instead of the more typical lowest responsible bid or Design-Bid-Build (DBB) basis. Since 1985, at least 136 such selections, commonly known as CM/GC for Construction Manager/General Contractor, have been made. The results of this policy have not previously been analyzed. This research compares these selection methods, seeking to answer the following questions:
Does the CMl/GC method result in projects that differ from DBB projects regarding cost and schedule control?
Are CMl/GC projects more efficient than DBB projects, where efficiency is defined as the data envelopment analysis (DEA) technical efficiency score?
Does efficiency depend on an interaction between project type and the selection method?
How do project stakeholders evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of the two selection methods?
How do projects compare when the only apparent difference between them is the selection method?
To answer these questions, we identified 407 Oregon public building construction projects and obtained a variety of data, including cost and schedule results, for 215 jobs (111 CMl/GC and 104 DBB). We analyzed the data several ways, including statistical analysis, DEA, and various qualitative methods.
Results:
There was no statistically significant difference between the CMl/GC and DBB projects regarding cost and schedule control.
The DEA technical efficiency scores showed that CMl/GC projects outperformed the DBB projects.
There was no interaction effect between project type and selection method.
Project stakeholders stated that reduction of risk is the principal benefit of using CMl/GC; however, architects and subcontractors are less enthusiastic than owners and general contractors.
Data on two nearly identical projects indicated that the DBB project was less costly than the comparable CMlGC project and also incurred less cost growth; both projects were completed on time.
To summarize, this research fails to find support for the current Oregon law that exempts certain projects from competitive bidding based on the presumption that CMl/GC will lead to substantial cost savings but does indicate that the CMl/GC projects may be better able to accommodate accelerated project schedules.
Книги з теми "Building laws Evaluation"
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Minnesota. Legislature. Office of the Legislative Auditor. State building code: A program evaluation report. Saint Paul, MN: Office of the Legislative Auditor, State of Minnesota, 1999.
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Cantor, Robin Ann. Evaluation of implementation, enforcement and compliance issues of the Bonneville model conservation standards program. Oak Ridge, Tenn: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1988.
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Delley, Jean-Daniel. Ippŏp p'yŏngka ŭi chedohwa wa ch'egyejŏk pangsik: Sŭwisŭ Cheneba ippŏp p'yŏngka silmu 'chugŏ kaech'uk e kwanhan pŏmnyuran' e taehan ippŏp p'yŏngka sarye. Sŏul Tʻŭkpyŏlsi: Han'guk Pŏpche Yŏn'guwŏn, 2007.
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Die Pflicht zur Standortalternativenprüfung in der Planfeststellung und in vorgelagerten Verfahren. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1998.
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Service, Washington Energy Extension. Energy codes enforcement training manual: Evaluating energy efficient construction for building department personnel. Olympia, WA: Washington State Energy Office, 1988.
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Office, Washington State Energy. Energy codes enforcement training manual: Evaluating energy efficient construction for building department personnel. 2nd ed. Olympia, WA: Washington State Energy Office., 1987.
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Kyomuhendo, Swizen. Final evaluation of UGANET's Advocacy and Capacity Building Project, 2007-2009. Kampala: Uganda Network on Law, Ethics and HIV/AIDS, 2009.
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Davison, R. Peter. Evaluating contract claims. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K: Blackwell, 2009.
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Florida. Office of Program Policy Analysis and Government Accountability. Program evaluation and justification review. [Tallahassee, Fla.]: The Office, 1998.
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Florida. Office of Program Policy Analysis and Government Accountability. Program evaluation and justification review. Tallahassee, FL: The Office, 1998.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Building laws Evaluation"
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Novak, Judit. "On Realizing the World-Class University: Litigation and the State." In Evaluating Education: Normative Systems and Institutional Practices, 93–106. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7598-3_7.
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AbstractThis chapter examines Dickinson v. Mälardalen University as an empirical manifestation of state action for creating and maintaining world-class universities (WCUs). It advances the argument that while litigation has long been assumed to play a far more limited role in higher education (HE) than it does in other areas of public policy, this element of governing fuels a different form of state building, in which courts and judges—sometimes from even the mere existence or threat of their intervention—can play a crucial role in WCU development. At the same time, we need to ask a variety of questions about the outcomes of lawsuits and their effects on HE. Does litigation have the effect of realizing the WCU, or does it not matter at all whether policy goals are pressed in courts or through legislation and professional choices? If it does matter, how and why? This chapter argues that a turn to the courts and a reliance on more formal, less malleable rules is not merely an alternative route to the same goal; litigation matters because law is different, because judicial decision-making shapes and constrains HE politics and policy in important ways.
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Kalakou, Sofia, Sebastian Spundflasch, Sofia Martins, and Ana Diaz. "SUMPs Implementation: Designation of Capacity Gaps of Local Authorities in the Delivery of Sustainable Mobility Projects." In Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions, 239–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57764-3_16.
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AbstractThere are numerous initiatives at the European level that are aimed at increasing the capacity of cities with regard to sustainable mobility planning by developing guidelines and various forms of training materials. An important prerequisite for systematic capacity building is to understand what capacity actually means in the context of mobility planning and which concrete factors influence the ability to shape and deliver sustainable mobility solutions. In the SUITS EU project, a tool for capacity assessment was developed and tested with six participant cities. Through interviews and workshops with mobility stakeholders in the participating cities, 15 challenges that the cities face while planning and implementing mobility plans were identified and led to the design of a set of 54 indicators that assess the capacity of an authority to develop and implement a mobility plan. The presented methodology enables authorities to self-assess their performance and capacity and identify the sources of the problems they face and that are impeding their effectiveness in developing and implementing mobility plans. The application in the six participating cities demonstrated that the evaluation tool here introduced is comprehensive, encompasses all the aspects of the environment in which a local authority (LA) operates and effectively highlights the areas where interventions are required so that the LAs can systematically increase their capacity.
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Laurìa, Antonio, Valbona Flora, and Kamela Guza. "The Mountain Village of Razëm." In Studi e saggi, 157–224. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-175-4.02.
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Part II of the book focusses on Razëm, a hamlet of the mountain village of Vrith, in the Municipality of Malësi e Madhe. Razëm lies within the Regional Natural Park of Shkrel and is considered the “gateway” to the Western Albanian Alps. The evocative landscape, the quality of the air and the proximity to Shkodër have transformed Razëm into a proper tourist resort. In the first chapters, the importance of the intangible heritage is stressed. The quality of the typical products and of the culinary tradition, the rhapsodic chants based on the Eposi i Kreshnikëve, the tradition of the customary law based on the Kanun code, the religious festivities and the xhubleta (as a most significant feature of local craftsmanship) are some of the issues addressed. In the following chapters, the multiple aspects of the tangible heritage are analysed. Here, the quality of the natural and pastoral landscape – characterised by alpine pastures and typical hut settlements –, together with the building tradition of the area, is highlighted. A special attention is dedicated to a complex of villas built by the rich bourgeoisie from Shkodër during the Twenties and Thirties, a unique phenomenon that deserves a proper in-depth study. For each of the aforementioned issues, the theoretical and historical analysis are closely bound to an evaluation of those features of the cultural heritage that could be enhanced to guarantee a sustainable tourism development of the area. Each chapter ends with a consistent set of specific intervention strategies. They are substantive tools for action aimed at public and private local actors.
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Kristianssen, Ann-Catrin, and Ragnar Andersson. "What Is a Vision Zero Policy? Lessons from a Multi-sectoral Perspective." In The Vision Zero Handbook, 151–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76505-7_4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractVision Zero is a term mainly connected with road traffic safety and has its roots in the Swedish road safety strategy. It was formally adopted by the Swedish parliament in 1997, and due to the initial success of lowering the number of deaths in traffic crashes significantly, it has become a role model for road safety strategies in countries and cities all over the world. In Sweden, Vision Zero for road safety has also inspired the introduction of Vision Zero policies in other sectors, and this chapter focuses on Vision Zero from a multi-sectoral perspective. The purpose of this chapter is twofold: to present five different cases of Vision Zero policies and to discuss what constitutes a Vision Zero policy based on these five cases. The five cases are found in road traffic safety, fire safety, patient safety, suicide, and workplace safety. Every case has its unique preconditions in terms of laws, actors, scope, etc., but they are also similar in relation to injury prevention and the ambition to decrease the number of deaths and serious injuries. The five Vision Zero policies are summarized by presenting the problem and problem framing, the goal, measures, and solutions as well as leading actors and governing structures. We find that the problem itself is quite self-explanatory in each case but that the problem framing and attribution of responsibility differ. All cases have on paper been inspired by the road safety strategies, but the systems approach, so intimately connected with Vision Zero, is more or less absent in the cases of fire safety and suicide. Furthermore, in the field of fire safety, responsibility is placed on the individual and on the business sector rather than based on a shared responsibility and ultimately on the system designers. In all five cases, there are a set of measures in place, but there are differences in implementation due to temporal factors and also what kind of governing and steering structures are in place. There is also a difference in internal support where the Vision Zero for suicide stands out as having less support among agencies working with the issue. Finally, the monitoring systems differ from case to case. The Vision Zero for road traffic safety stands out as having a monitoring and evaluating system based on specific safety targets ultimately aiming toward zero (management by objectives). Based on the empirical findings, we argue that besides having a clear problem and problem framing, a toolbox of measures, a monitoring system, and a governing structure, a policy based on a visionary approach with an ambition to reach zero needs additional perspectives or criteria in order to be successful: (1) a scientific approach to problem framing and solutions, (2) a comprehensive approach, (3) a long-term commitment, and (4) a system and structure based on governance. These criteria do not necessarily have to be in place in order to adopt Vision Zero, but they are a prerequisite for building a system based on Vision Zero.
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Kristianssen, Ann-Catrin, and Ragnar Andersson. "What Is a Vision Zero Policy? Lessons from a Multi-sectoral Perspective." In The Vision Zero Handbook, 1–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23176-7_4-1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractVision Zero is a term mainly connected with road traffic safety and has its roots in the Swedish road safety strategy. It was formally adopted by the Swedish parliament in 1997, and due to the initial success of lowering the number of deaths in traffic crashes significantly, it has become a role model for road safety strategies in countries and cities all over the world. In Sweden, Vision Zero for road safety has also inspired the introduction of Vision Zero policies in other sectors, and this chapter focuses on Vision Zero from a multi-sectoral perspective. The purpose of this chapter is twofold: to present five different cases of Vision Zero policies and to discuss what constitutes a Vision Zero policy based on these five cases. The five cases are found in road traffic safety, fire safety, patient safety, suicide, and workplace safety. Every case has its unique preconditions in terms of laws, actors, scope, etc., but they are also similar in relation to injury prevention and the ambition to decrease the number of deaths and serious injuries. The five Vision Zero policies are summarized by presenting the problem and problem framing, the goal, measures, and solutions as well as leading actors and governing structures. We find that the problem itself is quite self-explanatory in each case but that the problem framing and attribution of responsibility differ. All cases have on paper been inspired by the road safety strategies, but the systems approach, so intimately connected with Vision Zero, is more or less absent in the cases of fire safety and suicide. Furthermore, in the field of fire safety, responsibility is placed on the individual and on the business sector rather than based on a shared responsibility and ultimately on the system designers. In all five cases, there are a set of measures in place, but there are differences in implementation due to temporal factors and also what kind of governing and steering structures are in place. There is also a difference in internal support where the Vision Zero for suicide stands out as having less support among agencies working with the issue. Finally, the monitoring systems differ from case to case. The Vision Zero for road traffic safety stands out as having a monitoring and evaluating system based on specific safety targets ultimately aiming toward zero (management by objectives). Based on the empirical findings, we argue that besides having a clear problem and problem framing, a toolbox of measures, a monitoring system, and a governing structure, a policy based on a visionary approach with an ambition to reach zero needs additional perspectives or criteria in order to be successful: (1) a scientific approach to problem framing and solutions, (2) a comprehensive approach, (3) a long-term commitment, and (4) a system and structure based on governance. These criteria do not necessarily have to be in place in order to adopt Vision Zero, but they are a prerequisite for building a system based on Vision Zero.
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Phaholthep, Charanya, Thirawut Bunyasakseri, and Paweena Phaholthep. "The Investigation of Physical Design, Executives’ Attitude and Policy Towards Service Efficiency Based on Universal Design Principles; A Case Study of Naresuan University Hospital." In Universal Design 2021: From Special to Mainstream Solutions. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti210404.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Public hospitals should be designed to clover as wider inclusivity levels as possible forproviding access for all. Unfortunately, and for a variety of reasons, a quality service is not always provided. When evaluation of the service quality in healthcare organizations is carried out, it is mostly conducted in terms of medical service quality, whilst the physical layout, functionality and facilitating devices are not given as much scrutiny. Post Occupation Evaluation (POE) is notably an efficient process for checking the satisfaction of users after the building has been in-used for a certain period of times. However, hospital is generally a type of building and service that need to support users with a variety of physical capabilities thus, a conventional POE may not cover all requirements of users, so this research has employed the UD concepts as a basis to combined with POE for evaluating service performance of a hospital of the case study, Naresuan University hospital, THAILAND. Even though the POE delivered a good design suggestion that is beneficial to users with a wide range of physical ability but that may not guarantee the new design will be agreed by all stakeholders and implemented through success. As a matter of fact, to success an implementing of a good design does not depend solely on a designer, specifically for this case study, a universal design to a hospital. This research found that to make UD perfectly effects in a hospital (in Thailand context) may require more supportive factors beyond just pointing out problems related to physical conditions of the design and suggest a design solution. As in the context of Thailand, this research identified 4 factors contributing to the success of UD which the designer should be accountable for (1) public understanding of the basic concepts of UD (2) all the related background such as culture, tradition and economic etc. that contributed the attitudes of all stakeholders (of the hospital) towards people with physical impairments (3) the rights, laws, regulations and policies for people with disabilities in the context of the country and (4) the participation of all types of users. And in doing so, this research added an extensive evaluation to the general POE to cover as more factors as possible to those involved with the design implementation. Therefore, an extensive evaluation process so called “Comprehensive Post-Occupancy Evaluation C-POE” has been created and employed in this study for offering more comprehensive solution that cover all possibilities cause of problems, the evaluation processes are as follows; (1) evaluating physical features and users’ behavior (the experimental access audit), (2) examining administrative policy, HA and UD principles and (3) interviewing attitude of executives about UD.
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Joseph J, Amon, and Friedman Eric. "s.Two Implementation and Accountability, 6 Human Rights Advocacy in Global Health." In Foundations of Global Health & Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780197528297.003.0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter presents an overview of health and human rights advocacy and describes a broad framework and the diverse strategies used by human rights advocates to advance their goals. Based upon documenting abuses, raising awareness, building coalitions, and engaging communities, human rights advocacy seeks to ensure that government laws, policies, and practices respect, protect, and fulfill the right to health of all. These rights arguments and advocacy strategies, first developed in response to the HIV epidemic, have become the basis for broader right to health campaigns. Health-related human rights advocacy, beyond specific strategies, seeks to elevate the voices of people affected by human rights violations, analyze structural barriers, and identify obligations and responsibilities. Focusing on the strategies and tools that human rights advocates use in documenting rights abuses, raising awareness, and seeking change, it is necessary to examine new advocacy partnerships and approaches for evaluating advocacy efforts.
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Bhat, P. Ishwara, and Aratrika Choudhuri. "A Comparative Study of Constitutional Policies Relating to Ethnic Pluralism in SAARC Countries." In The Indian Yearbook of Comparative Law 2016, 249–76. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199482139.003.0011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter undertakes a comparative analysis of the SAARC nations for gaining a more wholesome perspective of the prospects and limits of constitutional policy of ethnic pluralism. It focuses on the historical institutionalization of state relations with the majority and minority groups, the modes of nation-building adopted for consolidation of ethno-religious heterogeneity, and the impact of constitutional policies on multifarious paradigms of state formation and ethnic pluralism. It appraises the dynamics of ethnic identities and movements in South Asian states in a comparative framework by evaluating policy choices of the states.
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Samamé Zegarra, Estela Karem. "Water Efficiency Evaluation Analysis Among Environmental Certification Methods." In Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability, 275–91. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7023-4.ch013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Developing countries such as Peru are not strangers in promoting sustainability in buildings through local certification programs such as My Green House funded by international organizations; or architectural design competitions for houses such as “Build to Grow”; compliance standards such as the one published in March 2018, “Climate Change Law”; in addition to other optional legal standards such as “EM.110 Thermal and Light Comfort with Energy Efficiency”: a technical code of voluntary sustainable construction; and the entry of international environmental certifications such as EDGE and LEED, which are currently very welcomed by real estate developers due to the incentives. One of them is the height bonus, which is promoted by some municipal ordinances, mostly located in the capital city of Lima as a product of a project developed and promoted by the IFC and World Bank. On the other hand, in the retail or office sector, they are promoted by green corporate policies; however, there is a long way to go.
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Van Overwalle, Geertrui, and Lina Kestemont. "Science and Technology and Intellectual Property Research." In Handbook of Intellectual Property Research, 434–52. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826743.003.0029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter examines science and technology as a subject of legal research and regulation. Rather than reflecting on the regulatory challenges presented by science and (new) technologies intrinsically and generally, this chapter aims to contribute to the methodological debate when conducting legal research on science and technology. The chapter explores the different types of research objectives and related methodological features that legal scholars can pursue in their research on law and science and technology: descriptive, classifying, comparative, theory-building, explanatory, evaluative, and recommendatory research objectives. The analysis is made more exacting by providing concrete examples from research projects in the area of patent and copyright law and technology, ranging from biotechnology, over 3D-printing, to functional design.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Building laws Evaluation"
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Huang, Jintao, Zhenping Feng, Chen Yue, and Li Liu. "Operation Modes and Economic Performance Study of 100kW Microturbine Building Cooling, Heating and Power Systems." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68277.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Microturbines are one of the most promising DG (Distributed Generation) technologies for Building Cooling, Heating and Power (BCHP) systems. They have advantages over other kinds of heat engines in terms of atmospheric emissions, fuel flexibility, noise, size, and vibration levels. The characteristics of the overall microturbine BCHP system may be different under various system configurations and operation modes which depend on the consumers and outdoor conditions. In this paper, on the basis of the authors’ previous work, the various possible operation modes are discussed under different external loads. The optimal operation modes are suggested to the microturbine BCHP schemes considering the various energy demands of a hotel in Xi’an. In the later part of this paper, the thermodynamic analyses and economic performance of microturbine BCHP system based on the first and the second laws of thermodynamics are carried out. The results show that even though the BCHP cogeneration system has the better economic performance both from the first and second laws evaluation, the benefits are affected by the operation modes because of the load uncertainty. The influence factors on the performance, such as power rate, natural gas price, operation time, are analyzed and compared for microturbine and gas engine BCHP systems. With the increase of natural gas price, or with the decrease of power rate, the economic performance advantages of both microturbine BCHP system and gas engine system are weakened, and the longer the cooling time, the shorter the payback periods for the system.
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Curri-Memeti, Almira, and Diar Selimi. "GREEN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT AND EVALUATION." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2020.0034.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The concern for the natural environment began a long time ago. Throughout the previous two decades, the globe appealed for proactive ecological management. The term eco- friendly or environmentally friendly is also widespread nowadays, relating to laws, activities, products, services etc., theatre having, minimal, reduced or not having negative impact on eco- systems and the environment. Environmental performance is the relationship between the organization and the environment. Current writing on environmental management recognizes that with a specific end goal to accomplish environmental sustainability objectives, associations can use proper human resource management practices to motivate their employees. To this end, incredible endeavors have been made to investigate what drives workers to participate in proecologic practices that help their organization to turn green and be sustainable. Additionally, a number of studies demonstrate that there is a connection among the green activities, organizational performance and corporate profitability within any association. The main purpose behind this thesis is to extend our understanding of how the concept of green management can be positioned as part of the human resource function. The motivation is to highlight the importance of building sustainable and eco-friendly business, and to gain knowledge of the outcomes after adopting Green human resource management in the organizations.
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Mironescu, Mircea, Adrian M. Stanescu, Teodor Brotea, Radu F. Comanescu, Daniel D. Purdea, and Mircea V. Stanescu. "New Specific Approaches In Romania Regarding The Code For Historic Building Structures With Respect To Multiple Hazard And Fracturing Theories." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.1124.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>After a long period of gathering knowledge and debate, begun after the 4 March 1977 earthquake from Vrancea site, in 2004 appeared in Romania the MP 025/2004 methodology, which addresses historical buildings.</p><p>Between 2004 and present, following further increase in knowledge and expertise, another code proposal for this category of buildings was made, presently in debate, with respect to multiple hazards, in particular seismic hazard. The debate addresses, for the most part, the principles which govern evaluation and decisions regarding necessary interventions to historical buildings structures.</p><p>The new P100-8/2018 code proposal specifies such methods, particularly applied to unreinforced masonry buildings, starting from papers discussing fracturing theories, which have been developed in the recent decade, constitutive perfect plastic laws, stiffening, perfect plastic or softening, τ-σ intrinsic relations, finite element or strut-and-tie models, soil structure static or dynamic interaction.</p>
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Lo Frano, Rosa, and Giuseppe Forasassi. "Global Structural Response of an SMR Reactor Subjected to an Aircraft Impact." In ASME 2011 Small Modular Reactors Symposium. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smr2011-6616.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although a 11 September 2001-style vicious attack on a nuclear power plant is considered as ‘beyond design basis’ event, an appropriate design of the nuclear facilities, with features and functional capabilities, is of meaningful importance to demonstrate that the reactor containment could safely withstand the impact of a large commercial aircraft without any radioactive release. This paper deals with the evaluation of the global structural response and of the vulnerability of a reactor building subjected to a deliberate commercial aircraft impact in the assumption of an attack from multiple entry directions. In this framework, separately from penetration and fire, the ‘shock’ loadings due to the progressive aircraft crashing on the power plant buildings were evaluated, taking into account that even if such penetration occurred, together with some concrete crushing and bent steel rebars, it very probably would not reach the reactor vessel. To the purpose a rather refined numerical methodology was employed and three-dimensional models (FEM approach) of a SMR reactor building and possible realistic, even if simplified, aircraft structures were set up and used in the performed analyses, taking also into account a suitable materials behaviour and constitutive laws. The analysis was performed increasing the severity of the crash scenario, assuming that the during the impact the aircraft transfers the full impact energy of the crash to the structure being struck. The obtained results were analysed to check the additional safety margin of the reactor containment and the fuel pool.
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Midorikawa, Mitsumasa, Masanori Iiba, Nagahide Kani, Norihide Koshika, and Tatsuya Azuhata. "Seismic Evaluation Procedures of Seismically Isolated Buildings Introduced to the Building Code of Japan." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1445.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Building Code of Japan (the Building Standard Law of Japan) has been changed from the former prescriptive into performance-based type in June, 2000. This paper presents the evaluation procedures of seismic performance of seismically isolated buildings against major earthquake motions newly introduced to the Building Code of Japan in October, 2000. The evaluation procedures apply the single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system, equivalent linearization and response spectrum analysis. The basic concept of seismic design spectra for major earthquake motions is: 1) basic design spectra defined at the engineering bedrock, and 2) evaluation of site response from geotechnical data of surface soil layers. The principle of evaluation procedures is that the predicted response values should not exceed the estimated limit values. The evaluation criteria of each portion of a building are: 1) the isolation system shall be designed so that the maximum response displacement does not exceed the design limit displacement, and 2) the structure above the isolation system and the foundation and structural elements below the isolation system shall be designed so that the working stress does not exceed the allowable stress. The scope of application of the evaluation procedures is: 1) buildings not exceeding 60 meters in height, and 2) base isolation buildings on the soil layers excluding very soft soils.
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Love, Shayne, and Trevor C. Haskett. "Full-Scale Performance Evaluation of Structure-Dynamic Vibration Absorber Systems." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0357.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>Modern tall buildings are often susceptible to excessive wind-induced motion, which can cause occupant discomfort and decrease component longevity. Increasing the effective damping of these buildings using a dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) is often the preferred option to decrease motion, especially for serviceability-level performance. A tuned mass damper (TMD) is one form of DVA that consists of a steel or concrete mass that is supported near the top of the building. A tuned sloshing damper (TSD) is another type of DVA that consists of a tank that is partially filled with water and located near the top of the tower. In both cases, when the building moves during a wind event, the motion of the TMD mass or sloshing TSD water lags behind the motion of the structure. A properly designed DVA thereby produces forces that continually oppose the tower’s motion, substantially reducing its response. Although numerous DVAs have been installed worldwide, very little reporting has been published on the full-scale performance of the damping systems. This paper will present the results of measurements conducted on several tall buildings equipped with DVAs. The measured results are compared to theoretical predictions to evaluate performance.</p>
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ŠADZEVIČIUS, Raimondas, Vincas GURSKIS, and Dainius RAMUKEVIČIUS. "SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS FROM STRAW PANELS." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sustainable (environmentally friendly) modern construction is not limited only to use of natural and environmentally friendly materials. The concept of the construction is an important factor and that is applied to local materials, especially if they come from renewable sources. The sustainable (environmentally friendly) building principles, methods of construction from straw, the essential building requirements for construction from straw are discussed in the article. Straw as a building material used for a very long time, but this usage is often associated with certain mistrust, fears: the building will burn, the mice, rats are attacking, etc. Straw building uses raw materials which are agricultural waste. Buildings constructed from straw decompose in the end of their lifecycle and the construction waste in the area of construction is biodegradable, consequently, it is not necessary to take them away to a landfill. The evaluation of the global and Lithuanian experience of using straw and the structures in which straw are used shows, that the essential requirements can be provided if the straw and timber-framed buildings with straw as a heat insulating material are constructed properly, they use to meet the essential requirements according to the Law on Construction and the European Council and Parliament Regulation No 305/2011.
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Kim, See Darl, Youngho Jin, Soo Yong Park, and Yong Man Song. "An Evaluation of the Hydrogen Flammability and the Hydrogen Concentration in the Reactor Building for Wolsong 2." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89126.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Following a core uncovery, the core will heat up and the fuel pin cladding will oxidize in the presence of steam. The reaction follows a parabolic rate law, and a significant cladding oxidation does not occur until the cladding temperature reaches approximately 1800° F. One of the products of the cladding oxidation reaction is hydrogen, which can accumulate in the PHTS if the PHTS is intact or in the reactor building if a pathway exists from the PHTS. If the hydrogen concentration reaches 4 to 6% in the reactor building (which is very possible following a significant core damage), the hydrogen can ignite and cause a spike in the reactor building pressure and temperature. If enough hydrogen is allowed to build up in the reactor building, the ignition of the hydrogen can lead to a pressure spike that exceeds the reactor building ultimate design pressure, thereby jeopardizing the reactor buildings integrity. Even if reactor building integrity is not jeopardized by a global hydrogen burn, the fact that a global hydrogen burn could occur will prevent the TSC from exiting the SAMG. Hydrogen generation and flammability is a concern throughout most of the guidelines in the Wolsong 2 (CANDU 6 type reactor) SAMG. The purpose of this paper is to define whether the hydrogen in the reactor building atmosphere is flammable, and to estimate the hydrogen concentration in the reactor building atmosphere based on an estimated oxidation percentage. For the Wolsong 2 this CA, four sets of hydrogen figures were developed for the case of no venting (no core/concrete interaction), a 15% venting (no core/concrete interaction), a 30% venting (no core/concrete interaction), and no venting (core/concrete interaction for 24 hours resulting in a 114°F superheat and a addition of non-condensable gases).
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Thierfeldt, Stefan. "Clearance Levels in Germany: How Do We Know They Are Right?" In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4803.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Clearance levels (CL) in Germany have been implemented in the Radiation Protection Ordinance (RPO / Strahlenschutzverordnung StrlSchV) of July 2001 which transforms the EURATOM Basic Safety Standards (BSS) into national legislation. Separate clearance options exist e.g. for metals, building rubble, liquids, buildings, wastes and sites. Meanwhile, the CL have found extensive application at a number of operating nuclear installations in Germany, in particular at those under decommissioning or those which will enter the decommissioning phase soon. The CL are based on extensive studies and have been approved by the competent bodies. Yet there has been and is an ongoing discussion in the interested public whether the basis for the CL is correct. In order to establish a scientific basis for this discussion, a Working Group on Clearance within the German Commission on Radiological Protection (SSK) has been established and studies have been launched by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety. Key issues comprise inter alia: • comparison of German and international CL (scope, values, method of their derivation, etc.); • review and update of German CL for clearance for disposal as a consequence of changes in the (conventional) waste law; • leaching behaviour of relevant radionuclides from cleared building rubble, especially for the long-term behaviour of radionuclides relevant in contaminated concrete of NPPs; • the possibility of multiple exposure for a single individual from various clearance options; • evaluation of the collective dose which may be caused by clearance in Germany and comparison with the reference value of 1 manSv/a.
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Osorio-Aravena, Juan Carlos, and Emilio Muñoz-Cerón. "Preliminary Economic Evaluation of the First Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System in the Aysén Region Under the Current Law of Distributed Generation in Chile." In ISES EuroSun 2018 Conference – 12th International Conference on Solar Energy for Buildings and Industry. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/eurosun2018.03.01.
Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "Building laws Evaluation"
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Ali, Rassul. Konzeptentwicklung für CDM-Projekte - Risikoanalyse der projektbezogenen Generierung von CO2-Zertifikaten (CER). Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783933795842.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a complex legal-institutional system that, on the one hand, offers industrialized countries options for cost-effective emission reductions and, on the other, provides developing countries with opportunities for sustainable development. Investors face the difficulty of identifying suitable CDM projects from approximately 130 possible host countries and nearly 60 possible project activities. In order to develop points of reference for strategic investments, this paper identifies and categorizes the risks arising in the value creation process of bilateral energy projects into four action-related levels. At the host level, the focus is on political-institutional and sector-specific risks, while at the investor state level, the legal design of the CDM's complementary function is relevant. The project level covers technology- and process-related risks, with the identification of the reference case and the proof of additionality posing particular problems. The future design of the CDM and the reform of the procedure at the UNFCCC level pose a fundamental risk. A two-stage assessment procedure is proposed for risk assessment: a rough analysis captures sociographic, climate policy, institutional and sector-specific criteria of the host. The differentiation of the project stage allows the localization of the project in the value chain and a differentiation regarding the use of methods. The assessment of project registration is based on the methods used and gives recognition rates per method and project category; project performance is measured in terms of the ratio of emission reductions actually realized to those planned in the project documentation. A detailed analysis following the coarse analysis provides qualitative guidance for project evaluation. These include the Executive Board's methodological principles, correct application of methodologies, identification of the reference case, proof of additionality, as well as the financial conditions of the relevant sector and publicity-related aspects. Despite individual hosts and project technologies, the developed two-step risk analysis allows, with relatively little effort and in line with business practice, an initial assessment of CDM project risks, so that overall it lays a fundamental building block for the elaboration of a strategic implementation and sustainable investment under the CDM.
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Evaluation of respiratory and other health concerns at a law enforcement office building with indoor environmental quality issues. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshhhe201801573369.
Повний текст джерела