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Статті в журналах з теми "Building Adobe"
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Sanchez-Calvillo, Adria, Elia M. Alonso-Guzman, Wilfrido Martinez-Molina, Marco A. Navarrete-Seras, Jose L. Ruvalcaba-Sil, Antonia Navarro-Ezquerra, and Alejandro Mitrani. "Characterization of Adobe Blocks: Point-Load Assessment as a Complementary Study of Damaged Buildings and Samples." Heritage 4, no. 2 (May 20, 2021): 864–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4020047.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Adobe masonry is one of the oldest construction systems still in use today, Mexico has an enormous cultural heritage with traditional adobe houses being very representative of the rural communities and their culture. The 2017 Puebla Earthquake on September 19th struck the country causing the loss, destruction, and damage of historic buildings in several Mexican states, with the traditional earthen dwellings being the most vulnerable structures to these events. The fast abandonment of the local materials and techniques entails further research regarding the characterization of these construction systems, therefore, reconstruction efforts first require the recovery of the construction technique. After the seismic events, adobe samples of the remaining adobe structures of Jojutla de Juarez were collected. This population was one of the most affected in all the country, and, because of the major losses suffered, the study was conducted to determine the material properties of the dwellings’ adobe shards and natural quarry clays of the region. The characterization included destructive and non-destructive tests, mineralogical and granulometry analyses, and composition of the adobe samples of the buildings, as well as the aggregates. As a novelty, the compressive strength of the pieces was tested by two methods: the traditional compression strength test and the point-load test, in order to obtain the indicative values and the correlation equations between both tests. From the formal analysis and the laboratory, it was observed that the adobes from Jojutla presented different compositions which combined with the building malpractices and alterations to the traditional systems caused unpredictable behavior during the earthquake. The conduction of point-load tests in situ, as a part of a complete characterization methodology, could be an alternative to study the mechanical properties of patrimonial or damaged building samples before its disappearance.
2
Li Piani, T., J. Weerheijm, and L. J. Sluys. "CRITICAL REVIEW ON THE MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ADOBE ELEMENTS." Journal of Green Building 17, no. 3 (June 1, 2022): 203–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.17.3.203.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Adobe is a traditional masonry made of sundried earthen bricks and mud mortar. Despite a millennial history of buildings of architectural value, adobe still connotes a so called ‘not engineered’ construction type. Namely, the material and structural properties of adobe are still not entirely addressed, resulting in an equally uncertain normative framework for adobe buildings design. However, over the last ten years, a large research program has been conducted in the Netherlands to qualify the material and structural properties of this sustainable building technology. In this paper, a critical analysis of the current normative body for the material characterization of adobe is addressed. Guidelines, prescriptions and requirements related to test methods, materials selection and properties contained in the available building codes for adobe around the world are assessed. A critical normative review is performed using the most recent literature produced on adobe, with particular regards to the results of experimental tests and numerical simulations performed by the authors. On the basis of these findings, some issues have been identified in relation to the knowledge currently condensed in the norms for adobe. A series of programmatic guidelines is aimed at orienting future research on adobe as well as fostering the process of updating its current normative body.
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Jin, Yi Bing, and Jun Wang. "Research on the Building Wisdom of Earth Dwellings in Longdong Region of Gansu Province." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.65.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When we are busy discussing how we should improve the bad physical qualities of traditional cave houses, such as humidity, poor lighting and ventilation condition, we fail to notice that a unique earth dwelling, adobe cave house, has long existed in the Longdong region of Gansu province. The type of earth dwelling is facilitated by traditional building technique such as rammed earth walls and adobe vaults, which does not only fixed the defect of humidity, bad lighting and ventilation condition, but it is also a typical green ecological building. The article takes the adobe cave house as the object of study, starting from the relation between resources and buildings, deeply probe into the underlying building wisdom. Aiming at the main existing problems, the article is dedicated to exploring new model of building vernacular earth building, with the intention to alleviate the contradiction between man, resources, environment and buildings. And after all, to provide theoretical foundation and practical guidance for building the new vernacular earth dwellings.
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Singh, S. K., H. P. Wante, and S. M. Ngaram. "USING ADOBE (CLAY SOIL) MIXED WITH QUARTZ (SHARP SAND) TO DETERMINE THE THERMAL COMFORT OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING IN NORTH-MUBI L. G, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 3 (March 31, 2019): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i3.2019.973.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The adobe structure is constructed by using low energy materials like adobe soil and sand etc. Adobe and cob are terms often used to describe sun dried clay materials. Adobe is a Spanish word derived from the Arabic atob, which literally means sun dried bricks.This paper investigated the thermal conductivity of Adobe mixed with Quartz in view of their availability usage as building materials. The thermal conductivities of disc made from Adobe-Quartz chippings were determined, the values obtained were between 0.57Wm-1k-1 and 0.91Wm-1k-1, and these values could be used to identify Adobe-Quartz as one of the engineering materials used in building construction, adopted to reduce the temperature of buildings without the need for power consumption. Consequently, the aim of this study is to test the usefulness of applying selected Adobe-Quartz to improve thermal performance and to reduce energy consumption of residential buildings in hot arid climate setting, Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Energy reduction was achieved by making the Adobe-Quartz into bricks used as aggregates in walls. Adobe-Quartz was made in disc form of the same thickness and diameter, by proportions of Adobe to Quartz (90:10, 85:15, 80:20), i.e. 10 samples for each ratio. The average values of the thermal conductivities were between 0.07Wm-1k-1 and 0.93Wm-1k-1, the least thermal conductivity value was 0.57Wm-1k-1 for the ratio of (90:10). MATLAB 7.0 and EXCEL software were used in the various computations. An average correlation coefficient, R2 of 0.75 was existed between Adobe-Quartz ratios to thermal conductivities.
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Maheri, Mahmoud R., Farzad Naeim, and Michael Mehrain. "Performance of Adobe Residential Buildings in the 2003 Bam, Iran, Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 21, no. 1_suppl (December 2005): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2098861.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Adobe, in the form of sun-dried bricks and clay or lime/clay mortar, has traditionally been the primary construction material in Iran. Presently, this type of construction still constitutes a notable portion of the buildings in the urban areas and a majority of the buildings in the rural areas. Performance of traditional adobe construction during numerous Iranian earthquakes has generally been poor. Low material strength, poor workmanship, lack of proper connections between building elements, and the excessive weight of the building because of thick walls and massive roofs, are but a few of the shortcomings that contributed to the general weakness of these buildings under earthquake loads. This paper examines the performance of adobe residential buildings during the Bam, Iran earthquake. The current rehabilitation trends for this type of construction in Iran are also discussed.
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Najinassajfar, Mohammad, and Ali Vahidi. "Adobe and Effect of Earthquake on Adobe Structure." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 818–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.818.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Adobe (khesht) is the most common traditional material which is used in Persian structures because of compatibility with environment, being economic, ease and rapidity of use. In different eras of Persian history using adobe had been common. Its archaism refers to sixth millennium B.C. Attendance to these kinds of structures is important for two reasons. First, most residential structures and old regions of cities are made by adobe. Second reason is the cultural and antiquarian aspect of monuments. This article introduces features of adobe as a traditional material. Besides, process of building adobe structure and its reaction to earthquake.
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Sanchez-Calvillo, A., D. Preciado-Villicaña, E. G. Navarro-Mendoza, E. M. Alonso-Guzman, E. A. Nuñez-Guzman, H. L. Chavez-Garcia, M. Ruiz-Mendoza, and W. Martinez-Molina. "ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF ADOBE BLOCKS IN JOJUTLA DE JUÁREZ, MÉXICO. SEISMIC VULNERABILITY AND LOSS OF THE EARTHEN ARCHITECTURE AFTER THE 2017 PUEBLA EARTHQUAKE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 1133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-1133-2020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The 2017 Puebla Earthquake on 19 September struck a big part of central Mexico causing the loss of historic buildings in several states, being the state of Morelos one of the most damaged in the whole country. Jojutla de Juarez was the most affected locality of Morelos presenting important structural damages or total collapse in the built heritage, being the traditional earthen buildings, made of adobe bricks, the most vulnerable buildings to seismic efforts. Some of the causes which contributed to the poor behaviour of the buildings were the improper handling of the constructive systems and materials, the insufficient resistance of the structures and the problems with the foundations. The adobe houses of Jojutla presented a mixture between the traditional building techniques and industrial materials like concrete, cement and steel; also with irregular heights and plant layouts and inadequate connections between the walls and foundations and roofs, resulting into a higher seismic vulnerability when the earthquake impacted. Also the adobe bricks presented irregularities in its composition and use of additives which resulted in completely different typologies and the loss of the traditional construction techniques. A study was conducted to determine the properties of the remains of the adobe bricks of the houses in Jojutla, considering that the structures were severely damaged and a whole study of the seismic vulnerability would not be convenient due the loss of the physical traditional buildings. The grain size and composition of the adobe samples of the buildings were determined as well as the natural aggregates like straw, sand, and its proportion. A colorimetric study of the adobes and clays was also conducted, analysing the change of colour on account of the aggregates in the bricks. Also the compressive strength of the pieces was tested with two methods: the compression test and the point-load test, in order to obtain the indicative values which could be compared to other patrimonial and vernacular study cases.
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Rezende, M. A. P., R. C. Alves, E. V. M. Carrasco, J. N. R. Mantilla, M. A. Smits, V. D. Pizzol, and P. V. Krüger. "A Study of Adobes Made with No Usual Soils Concerning Grain Size Distribution Test." Applied Mechanics and Materials 864 (April 2017): 346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.864.346.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article presents and discusses an adobe production with shows a clay/silt/sand proportion that is completely different from that recommended by most authors and construction associations. The main objective was to improve comprehension of earth behaviors as building material by studying these two atypical cases of adobe production. The soil was analyzed by different tests as the grain size distribution test and Atterberg limits. Adobe resistance was tested using a methodology proposed by Proterra network which was created by a group of researchers from different Iberian American laboratories. This methodology was used in Ph.D. thesis, too. The results show a soil with 1% clay and 65.1 silte and an average of resistance of 2.11 MPa for the adobes. These results show the importance of the clay mineral structure and the complexity of the soil behavior, indicating the need for additional studies.
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Kerroum, Nadir, Brahim Nouibat, Azzedine Benyahia, and Ali Redjem. "Study of the performance of adobe brick coated for sustainable construction in the Algerian Sahara." Matériaux & Techniques 106, no. 4 (2018): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2018041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article describes a study conducted to determine the ideal both traditional and stabilized composition of adobe as a building material, and to further refine an appropriate choice of coating composition for extended durability of these constructions in adobe: choose the suitable coating that fits the most with its substrate. The constructions in Z’gueg El Hadjadj [Laghouat town, Algeria] consist of adobe walls but also plaster that serves as a coating for these brick walls. The degradation phenomena of the building are considered in the adobe-coated couple, and consequently in the suitability of their compositions. The compatibility of plasters with adobes remains a major factor in the restoration and conservation of earthen constructions. This paper examines the results of the experimental characterization of the behavior of coated bricks, which consists of studying in the laboratory the water resistance: the drying-wetting test and the capillary rise test, as well as the complementary accelerated aging test: the abrasion test. These tests will be supplemented by another test, that of the adhesion, to see the compatibility of the coatings with their supports. The results, compared below, led to the conclusion that for capillary absorption and adhesion tests, a homogeneous coating in 3 layers could give more conclusive results. The drying-wetting test is recommended especially for bulk and surface treated samples.
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De Filippi, F., R. Pennacchio, L. Restuccia, and S. Torres. "TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND CONTEXT-BASED APPROACH TO ANTI-SEISMIC RETROFITTING TECHNIQUES FOR VERNACULAR ADOBE BUILDINGS IN COLOMBIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 1089–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-1089-2020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. In Colombia earthen buildings, mostly adobe, makes up 80% of the national monumental heritage and historic urban centres. Moreover, vernacular earthen techniques have been largely used for dwellings in rural villages, small towns or informal settlements and represent, nowadays, a huge architectural and cultural heritage of the country. Due the brittle behaviour and low ductility of the building material, characterized by both low tensile and bending strength, earth constructions show high seismic vulnerability; nevertheless, though Colombian earthquake hazard level is considered very high, current national seismic building regulations do not include any reference to earthen architecture. Seismic failure mechanisms most frequently occurring to masonry architecture, as adobe buildings rehabilitation techniques and seismic behaviour improvement practices, have been widely published. This paper aims to investigate possible causes associated to failure mechanisms due to common adobe building practices in Colombia and intervention strategies, to be eventually implemented in order to reduce risks. The paper focuses on strategies and technologies for seismic retrofitting, while evaluating their effectiveness and feasibility through ‘sustainability’ indicators, based on literature quantitative and qualitative data, and strictly related to rural Colombian economic, social and environmental conditions, where available resources are scarce and labour often not qualified.
Дисертації з теми "Building Adobe"
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Silveira, Dora Susana Gomes da. "Constructive and mechanical characterisation of adobe masonry walls of existing buildings." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17313.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Doutoramento em Engenharia Civil<br>Earthen construction has been widely used throughout the world, since
approximately 10000 years ago and until the present day. A significant part of
the world earthen built heritage – including many properties inscribed on the
UNESCO’s World Heritage List –, however, is at risk.
In Portugal, earth was also a widely used construction material until the middle
of the 20th century. In Aveiro district, in particular, adobe construction was very
common. Currently, there are still a great number of adobe constructions in this
region, a large part of which are in use. Many of the existing buildings are of
social, cultural, and architectural value. Despite their value, however, many of
these buildings are in a poor state of conservation, suffering from various
structural and non-structural defects.
The problems observed in existing adobe buildings result in large part from a
lack of knowledge regarding the materials and building systems used in this
type of construction. There is, in particular, a lack of knowledge about the
properties and behaviour of adobe masonry walls, which are key structural
elements that influence the overall behaviour of buildings. The main aim of the
research developed and discussed in this thesis is thus to contribute to this
knowledge, focusing, in particular, on the adobe buildings of Aveiro district.
For this purpose, a visual and dimensional inspection of the facade walls of
twenty-one representative adobe buildings was conducted. With this inspection,
it was possible to carry out a detailed analysis of the facade walls – including
their structural system, coatings, and traditional masonry materials – and to
assess the vulnerabilities, common defects, and state of conservation of these
elements.
A series of experimental tests were also carried out. Simple compression tests
were performed on cylindrical and cubic adobe specimens, flexural tests on
adobe bricks, and splitting tests on cylindrical specimens. Simple compression
and diagonal compression tests were also conducted on ten full-scale adobe
masonry wall panels, built with adobes taken from an existing construction.
Finally, an in-plane horizontal cyclic test was performed on a full-scale double-T
shaped adobe wall, also built with adobes from an existing construction. With
the tests carried out, it was possible to characterise the strength, stiffness,
stress-strain relationships, and common damage pattern of the test specimens,
and to assess correlations between different mechanical properties. It was also
possible to develop a comparison between the strength values obtained and
the limits indicated in existing standards for earthen construction, and between
the results obtained and those determined by other authors for test specimens
representative of adobe construction in other countries.
The results presented and discussed in this thesis contribute to the enrichment
of knowledge that is considered essential to support the conservation and
rehabilitation of existing adobe buildings, not only in Portugal, but also in other
regions of the world.<br>A construção em terra tem sido muito utilizada em todo o mundo, desde há
cerca de 10000 anos atrás e até aos dias de hoje. Uma parte significativa do
património mundial construído com terra, incluindo vários bens inscritos na
Lista de Património Mundial da UNESCO, encontra-se, no entanto, em risco.
Em Portugal, a terra foi também um material de construção muito utilizado até
meados do século XX. No distrito de Aveiro, em particular, a construção em
adobe era muito comum. Atualmente, existe ainda um elevado número de
construções em adobe nesta região, grande parte das quais se encontram em
uso. Muitos dos edifícios existentes são de valor social, cultural e arquitetónico
reconhecido. No entanto, apesar do seu valor, muitos destes edifícios estão
em mau estado de conservação, apresentando anomalias estruturais e não
estruturais variadas.
Os problemas observados nos edifícios existentes de adobe resultam, em
grande parte, de falta de conhecimento sobre os materiais e sistemas de
construção utilizados neste tipo de edificação. Há, em particular, falta de
conhecimento sobre as propriedades e o comportamento das paredes de
alvenaria de adobe, que são elementos estruturais principais que influenciam o
comportamento global dos edifícios. Assim, o trabalho de investigação
desenvolvido e discutido nesta tese tem como principal objetivo contribuir para
este conhecimento, debruçando-se, em particular, sobre as construções em
adobe do distrito de Aveiro.
Para este efeito, foi realizada uma inspeção visual e dimensional das paredes
de fachada de vinte e um edifícios de adobe representativos. Com esta
inspeção, foi possível analisar de forma detalhada as paredes de fachada –
incluindo o seu sistema estrutural, revestimentos e materiais de alvenaria
tradicionais – e avaliar as vulnerabilidades, anomalias comuns e estado de
conservação destes elementos.
Uma série de ensaios experimentais foi também levada a cabo. Foram
realizados ensaios de compressão simples sobre provetes cilíndricos e cúbicos
de adobe, ensaios de flexão sobre blocos de adobe e ensaios de compressão
diametral sobre provetes cilíndricos. Foram ainda realizados ensaios de
compressão simples e compressão diagonal sobre dez painéis de alvenaria de
adobe à escala real, construídos com adobes recolhidos de uma construção
existente. Por fim, realizou-se o ensaio de uma parede à escala real em forma
de ‘duplo T’, construída também com adobes de uma construção existente,
sob a ação de uma carga horizontal cíclica, aplicada no plano da parede. Com
os ensaios realizados, foi possível caracterizar a resistência, a rigidez, as
relações de comportamento tensão-deformação e o padrão comum de dano
dos elementos ensaiados, e avaliar as correlações entre diferentes
propriedades mecânicas. Foi ainda desenvolvida uma comparação entre os
valores de resistência obtidos e os limites indicados nas normas existentes
para a construção em terra, bem como entre os resultados obtidos e aqueles
determinados por outros autores para a alvenaria de adobe representativa da
construção em adobe noutros países.
Os resultados apresentados e discutidos nesta tese contribuem para o
enriquecimento de conhecimento que é considerado essencial para apoiar a
conservação e reabilitação dos edifícios de adobe existentes, não só em
Portugal, mas também noutras regiões do mundo.
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Couto, Caroline Rezende [UNESP]. "Estudo de adobes melhorados com cimento e adição de resíduos de concreto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110503.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
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000793090.pdf: 3684115 bytes, checksum: c338c104388466a14b8167ba7484e538 (MD5)<br>Diante da preocupação atual com construções ecologicamente corretas, o adobe surge como importante opção em edificações de baixo custo, por economizar em transporte, quando a terra adequada encontra-se disponível no próprio local da obra; não requerer mão-de-obra especializada; possuir excelente conforto térmico; e não consumir energia para sua fabricação. Trata-se de um material de construção milenar, muito utilizado em diversas partes do mundo. As matérias-primas necessárias para a sua produção (terra e água) são facilmente encontradas na natureza. Apresenta baixo custo energético, pois seu processo de fabricação é simples e não requer cozimento, configurando-se numa tecnologia apropriada plenamente inserida nos preceitos da construção sustentável. Avaliou-se, neste trabalho, a confecção de adobes com adição de cimento e resíduos de construção. Foram realizados ensaios de caracterização dos materiais, compreendendo análise granulométrica, determinação de massa específica no estado solto e limites de consistência. No caso dos adobes, com dimensões de 7,5 cm x 15 cm x 30 cm, realizaram-se ensaios de massa específica, retração linear, umidade higroscópica, absorção e resistência mecânica à compressão. Visando melhorar a sua homogeneização, procedeu-se à mistura dos componentes em betoneira, tendo como resultado um material de consistência plástica. A cura foi feita em câmara úmida aos 7, 28 e 56 dias. Concluiu-se que a adição de resíduo de concreto contribuiu no sentido de promover uma tendência de aumento da resistência, redução da absorção e da retração linear. A adição de cimento promoveu aumento de resistência em função do tempo e redução da absorção.<br>In view of current preoccupation with ecologic buildings right, the adobe comes as an important choice in low cost edifications, because it saves on transportation when the appropriate land is found in the same place that the work; doesn´t require skilled labor; has excellent thermal comfort; and doesn’t consume energy to production. It´s a millennial construction material, very used in many parts of the world. The raw material necessary to production of adobe is land and water, found easily in the nature. Besides that, it has low energy cost, the manufacture process is simple and doesn´t need baking, being considered an appropriate technology with sustainability concept. In this research, it evaluated the production of adobes with addition of cement and construction waste. Material characterization tests were performed, including particle size analysis, determination of density in loose condition and consistency limits. The tests with the adobe, with dimensions of 7,5 cm x 15 cm x 30 cm, were out specific mass, linear shrinkage, hygroscopic moisture, absorption and mechanical resistance to compression. To improve the homogenization proceeded to the mixture of components in a concrete mixer, resulting in a material of plastic consistency. Curing was done in a humid at 7, 28 and 56 days chamber. It was concluded that the addition of concrete residue contributed to promote a trend of increased resistance, reduced absorption and linear shrinkage. The addition of cement promoted an increase in resistance as a function of time and decreased absorption.
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Couto, Caroline Rezende. "Estudo de adobes melhorados com cimento e adição de resíduos de concreto /." Ilha Solteira, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110503.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Antonio Anderson da Silva Segantini<br>Banca: Marco Antonio Morais Alcantara<br>Banca: Paulo José Rocha de Albuquerque<br>Resumo: Diante da preocupação atual com construções ecologicamente corretas, o adobe surge como importante opção em edificações de baixo custo, por economizar em transporte, quando a terra adequada encontra-se disponível no próprio local da obra; não requerer mão-de-obra especializada; possuir excelente conforto térmico; e não consumir energia para sua fabricação. Trata-se de um material de construção milenar, muito utilizado em diversas partes do mundo. As matérias-primas necessárias para a sua produção (terra e água) são facilmente encontradas na natureza. Apresenta baixo custo energético, pois seu processo de fabricação é simples e não requer cozimento, configurando-se numa tecnologia apropriada plenamente inserida nos preceitos da construção sustentável. Avaliou-se, neste trabalho, a confecção de adobes com adição de cimento e resíduos de construção. Foram realizados ensaios de caracterização dos materiais, compreendendo análise granulométrica, determinação de massa específica no estado solto e limites de consistência. No caso dos adobes, com dimensões de 7,5 cm x 15 cm x 30 cm, realizaram-se ensaios de massa específica, retração linear, umidade higroscópica, absorção e resistência mecânica à compressão. Visando melhorar a sua homogeneização, procedeu-se à mistura dos componentes em betoneira, tendo como resultado um material de consistência plástica. A cura foi feita em câmara úmida aos 7, 28 e 56 dias. Concluiu-se que a adição de resíduo de concreto contribuiu no sentido de promover uma tendência de aumento da resistência, redução da absorção e da retração linear. A adição de cimento promoveu aumento de resistência em função do tempo e redução da absorção.<br>Abstract: In view of current preoccupation with ecologic buildings right, the adobe comes as an important choice in low cost edifications, because it saves on transportation when the appropriate land is found in the same place that the work; doesn't require skilled labor; has excellent thermal comfort; and doesn't consume energy to production. It's a millennial construction material, very used in many parts of the world. The raw material necessary to production of adobe is land and water, found easily in the nature. Besides that, it has low energy cost, the manufacture process is simple and doesn't need baking, being considered an appropriate technology with sustainability concept. In this research, it evaluated the production of adobes with addition of cement and construction waste. Material characterization tests were performed, including particle size analysis, determination of density in loose condition and consistency limits. The tests with the adobe, with dimensions of 7,5 cm x 15 cm x 30 cm, were out specific mass, linear shrinkage, hygroscopic moisture, absorption and mechanical resistance to compression. To improve the homogenization proceeded to the mixture of components in a concrete mixer, resulting in a material of plastic consistency. Curing was done in a humid at 7, 28 and 56 days chamber. It was concluded that the addition of concrete residue contributed to promote a trend of increased resistance, reduced absorption and linear shrinkage. The addition of cement promoted an increase in resistance as a function of time and decreased absorption.<br>Mestre
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Tehan, George Joseph. "Esperanza - Village Building in Honduras." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31428.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is a need to counteract economic injustice in the world. As an architect, as a creator, it is my responsibility to make the world a better place. I want to help people to help themselves by concentrating their efforts in a constructive way. I desire to create a prototypical solution for a village in an area with high unemployment and desperate poverty as a means to give work to people and to serve as an example for other groups of people wanting to do the same.
The site I've chosen to illustrate this concept of self-help housing is a 300 x 500 meter plateau in Tegucigalpa, Honduras.<br>Master of Architecture
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Shittu, Theophilus Adeyinka. "Development of a framework for sustainable repair of adobe building in an urban area in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Building with earth is still a living practice in Nigeria most especially in the northern region. Pear shaped sun-dried earth brick (tubali) was used traditionally by the Hausa in northern Nigeria. However, the use of tubali has ceased to exist in favour of the adobe blocks in both the urban and rural settlements in Nigeria. Sabon Gari, the study area is one of the urban areas in this region with buildings constructed with adobe. However, these adobe buildings are in deplorable conditions and in dire need of repair. Sabon Gari in Kaduna was selected as the thesis’ study area because of its strategic location and the dual function which the adobe buildings serve (i.e. residential and commercial purposes). This provided an opportunity to study the effect of the two activities on adobe building in an urban area. 20 compounds with buildings constructed with adobe blocks were selected and thoroughly examined. In the course of this study it was identified that the major factors inhibiting the repair of these buildings are social factors. This thesis therefore argued that with an appropriate framework these social factors can be corrected. Consequently, the adobe building in Sabon Gari can be repaired. This informed the decision to develop a repair framework through participatory approach involving the adobe building’s stakeholders, which include tenants, landlords, architects, masons and the planning authority. In the course of the development of this repair framework, this thesis draws on, and contextualises its argument on the fact that tried and tested repair strategies exists at international levels, which can be adapted to the situation in Sabon Gari. Consequently, ideas from relevant building repair literature, Terra conferences papers, earthen architecture conservation projects and adobe building repair projects were critically analysed and used in developing the proposed repair framework for Sabon Gari. To ensure the sustainability of the framework, which is one of the research aims, the content of the framework was validated by some of the stakeholders interviewed at the inception of this research. This proposal was amended based on the stakeholders’ recommendations and now has the input and approval of the stakeholders.
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Savaio, Dieter Santos. "Building sustainable settlements in Chimoio, Mozambique : the sustainability of using unfired adobe bricks to construct shelter." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4319.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis ((MPhil (Sustainable Development Planning and Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT:
Adequate shelter for the majority of the Mozambican population is still not a reality. Conventional building materials are not affordable for the poor and the governmental policies do not put much focus on the issue of housing. Also, the consideration of environmental issues in the construction industry is becoming relevant concerning the process of sustainability promotion.
In most instances, communities in Mozambique have been using local alternative materials to build their houses and unfired adobe brick is one of these materials. Compared to conventional materials, unfired adobe brick is relatively cheaper and has low negative environmental impacts. This study analysed the use of this material in Mozambique from a sustainability viewpoint to find out whether there were opportunities to construct sustainable housing for local communities.
To gather information regarding socio-economic, environmental and technical dimensions of the use of unfired adobe brick, the main research strategy privileged the use of a qualitative approach where the data collection methods involved interviews, focus group discussions, observation and direct involvement of the researcher in practical work.
Findings indicate that low costs related to the use of unfired adobe brick address the problem of affordability for the majority of local people. Local availability of suitable soils, minimal processing, use of renewable sources of energy for processing the material and recyclability/reusability all indicate that this material has very little environmental impact. Identified stresses (moisture) affecting unfired adobe structures can be avoided through low-impact methods of earth stabilization and specific design measures.
It is concluded that unfired adobe brick has the potential to contribute to the provision of sustainable housing in Mozambique. In order for this to happen, there needs to be:
More research on construction methods applicable to the Mozambican context;
The introduction of construction codes related to adobe construction; Training of local communities in adobe construction; The creation of housing policies; and Investigation into the opportunities offered by unfired adobe brick concerning sustainability.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING:
Ordentlike behuising vir die meerderhede van die mense van Mosambiek is nog steeds nie ʼn werklikheid nie. Die meeste mense van Mosambiek kan nie gewone bou materiale bekostig en die staat beleide fokus baie min op die verskafing van behuising of pogings om bou materiale meer toegangklik te maak.
Toegang tot bou materiale is een probleem maar bekommernis oor omgewings probleme is ook iets wat meer en meer in ag geneem moet word, spesifiek in terme van die bou industrie. Volhoubarheid is ook iets wat ʼn grote rol speel in ontwikkelings beluister en kan ook ander opsies vir arme gemeenskappe ontlok.
Plaaslike gemeenskappe van Mosambiek het vir ʼn lang tyd, alternatiewe produkte gebruik om hul huise te bou, een van die is modder adobe bakstene. In vergelyking met konvensionele materiale is die modder bakstene goedkoper en het a baie kleiner omgewings impak. Die projek bestudeer die gebruik van die modder adobe baksteen in Mosambiek van ʼn volhoubaarheid oogpunt en ondersoek of dit geleenthede skep in terme van volhoubare behuising vir plaaslike gemeenskappe.
Die navorsing het verskillende metode behels, die van persoonlike onderhoude, groep onderhoude, observasie en praktiese gebou van ʼn huis met die modder adobe bakstene.
Die navorsing het bewys dat die gebruik van die adobe bakstene wel die probleem van toegang en hoe bou koste vir die arm plaaslike gemeenskap oplos. Plaaslike omstandighede werk ook om die vrag van volhoubaarheid op te los omdat die materiale en kennis plaaslik beskikbaar is. Die navorsing bewys ook dat opleiding en ʼn samestelling van die plaaslike kennis kan ook lui tot ʼn toename van die gebruik van die modder adobe baksteen tektologie wat volhoubaarheid oor die algemeen sal verbeter en dat dié ʼn beter toekoms vir die plaaslike gemeenskappe van Mosambiek kan skep.
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Burroughs, Van Stephan School of the Built Environment UNSW. "Quantitative criteria for the selection and stabilisation of soils for rammed earth wall construction." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of the Built Environment, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/17861.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modern building procedures and requirements demand that the selection and stabilisation of soils for the purposes of rammed earth construction be better quantified. This study examines the relationships between soil properties, stabiliser treatments, and stabilised strength and density for 111 soil samples taken from sites in New South Wales (Australia), and develops new quantitative criteria for soil assessment, selection, and stabilisation. Laboratory measurements of soil particle size distribution, plasticity, and shrinkage were made for each soil. Various quantities from 0-6 % of lime, cement, and asphalt were added to the soil samples, and the resulting 230 specimens were compacted, and cured for 28 days. Determinations were made of the optimum moisture content, maximum dry density, and compressive strength of the stabilised material. The samples showed stabilised strengths ranging from 1.0-5.4 MPa, with a mean of 2.62 MPa, and densities from 1.44-2.21 t/m3, with a mean of 1.86 t/m3. The results show that over 90 % of the variation in stabilised strength and density of the samples is due to variation in soil properties, with differences in stabiliser type or stabiliser quantity being relatively minor. The most important soil properties explaining stabilised strength are linear shrinkage and plasticity index. These properties have been used to categorise the soils into three groups on the basis of their suitability for stabilisation as measured against a compressive strength criterion of 2 MPa. Favourable soils have shrinkages of < 7.1 % and plasticities of < 16 %, and 90 % of these samples passed the 2 MPa criterion. Satisfactory soils have shrinkages of 7.1-13.0 % and plasticities of 16-30 %, and 65 % of these samples had strengths in excess of 2 MPa. Unfavourable soils have shrinkages of > 13 % and plasticities of > 30 %, and only 10 % of these samples exceeded the 2 MPa value. Soils in the favourable and satisfactory categories can be further discriminated using textural information. On that basis, all soils classified as favourable, and those classified as satisfactory and which also have sand contents < 60 %, are recommended as being suitable for stabilisation. Soils not fulfilling these criteria are unlikely to be successfully stabilised and should be rejected. These results stress the importance of selecting a soil favourably predisposed to stabilisation. Field techniques to search for such soils could be refined on the basis of the new soil criteria presented. Use of the criteria should also minimise unnecessary laboratory testing of the density and strength of soils that subsequently prove unsuitable for stabilisation. A flow chart is presented to guide practitioners through the different stages of soil testing, assessment, and rammed earth stabilisation.
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ALAIDAROUS, AHMED A. H. "Investigating the best methods for structural stabilization procedures for Historical earthen building conservation in Saudi Arabia: a technology-led construction analysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/68476.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
[EN] Over time, the construction potentialities and traditional architecture of Saudi Arabia have declined substantially. The modern generation in Saudi Arabia has neglected the traditional structural and architectural designs for building towns, cities and homes. The materials used in the construction of traditional structures has been replaced by more westernized building materials such as concrete, cement and glass. Westernized methods of design and architecture often fail to last long due to the climatic and topographical conditions of the country, such as extreme heat and fast sand-blowing winds. Reviving traditional architectural and structural building married with westernized building technologies will yield strong structures that are capable of withstanding the harsh conditions of the country. This research seeks to identify the most applicable methods of structural procedures that can be used in historical earthen buildings in Saudi Arabia for conservation purposes. This dissertation addresses the important structural and architectural perspectives of traditional Saudi Arabian buildings. It also examines the perspectives of the Saudi population that affect the selection of building materials and architectural styles that are widely used. An examination of the old techniques employed in traditional Saudi Arabian buildings, how they can help in the formulation of a new approach for contemporary architecture and how this can be implemented in Saudi Arabia are also discussed in this dissertation.
In the preparation of this dissertation, conforming processes were performed in order to fulfil the set objectives of the study. The first step was configured to examine different earthen architectural structures in Saudi Arabia. This stage involved travelling to different locations, observing the structures and also conducting interviews with older contractors. To collect more information on the topic, visits to Yemen and South Morocco were made, as these are two countries that have already married earthen architecture with modern architecture. The traditional architecture of Morocco and Yemen is similar to that of Saudi Arabia, but it has taken longer for these countries to shift to modern architecture. A laboratory examination was carried out to examine the relationship between the soil composition, stability, and strength of the structures that are built. Empirical studies were also conducted to examine the compactness, solidity, dimensional steadiness and permeability of the materials used in the constructions. These factors influence the choice of building materials for the conservation of traditional architecture and to solve the current need for cheap housing in the urban fabric.
The results of this study indicate that the Adobe and Cob traditional architectural styles are two of the leading architectural styles in Saudi Arabia, with each style symbolizing the perspective of the people living in a particular locality. This dissertation also found that different architectural patterns were influenced by functionality, convenience, efficiency and availability of the construction materials needed. This explains the reason for different structural and architectural patterns in different parts of Saudi Arabia.
This study concludes that mixing traditional architectural methods with modern technologies would serve to construct stronger and longer-lasting houses in Saudi Arabia. The new houses would not only serve to conserve the magnificent architecture of the country but would also help in building cheap houses, hence solving the rising demand for housing in urban areas. This study will add to the literature available on architectures in Saudi Arabia.<br>[ES] Con el tiempo, las posibilidades de construcción con técnicas tradicionales en Arabia Saudita han disminuido considerablemente. La nueva generación de Arabia Saudita ha dejado caer en el olvido los diseños arquitectónicos y estructurales tradicionales a la hora de construir pueblos, ciudades y viviendas. Los materiales utilizados en la construcción de las estructuras tradicionales han sido sustituidos por materiales de construcción más occidentalizados, tales como el hormigón, el cemento y el vidrio. Los métodos arquitectónicos y de diseño occidentalizados no suelen perdurar mucho tiempo debido a las condiciones climáticas y topográficas del país, tales como el calor extremo y las fuertes tormentas de arena. La revitalización de la construcción de estructuras y arquitecturas tradicionales, unida a las tecnologías de construcción occidentalizadas, dará como resultado unas estructuras sólidas capaces de soportar las duras condiciones del país. Esta investigación busca identificar los métodos de construcción de estructuras más aplicables que puedan ser utilizados en edificios históricos de tierra en Arabia Saudita para fines de conservación. Esta tesis aborda la importancia de las perspectivas estructurales y arquitectónicas para los edificios tradicionales de Arabia Saudita. La tesis también analiza el punto de vista de la población saudí frente a la selección de materiales de construcción y a los estilos arquitectónicos utilizados frecuentemente. En esta investigación también se examinan las antiguas técnicas empleadas en los edificios tradicionales de Arabia Saudita, cómo éstas pueden ayudar en la formulación de un nuevo enfoque para la arquitectura contemporánea y cómo pueden introducirse en la construcción actual en Arabia Saudita.
En la preparación de esta tesis se ha trabajado con una metodología que permite cumplir con los objetivos establecidos al inicio del estudio. El primer paso fue examinar las diferentes estructuras arquitectónicas de tierra de Arabia Saudita. Esta etapa consistió en viajar a diferentes lugares para observar las estructuras así como para realizar entrevistas a los antiguos constructores. Para recopilar más información sobre el tema se hicieron también visitas a Yemen y al sur de Marruecos, dado que en estos dos países ya se ha unido la arquitectura de tierra con la arquitectura contemporánea. La arquitectura tradicional de Marruecos y Yemen es similar a la de Arabia Saudita, pero en estos países la nueva arquitectura contemporánea se ha desarrollado más tarde. Se han realizado ensayos de laboratorio para determinar la relación entre la composición del suelo y la estabilidad y solidez de las estructuras construidas. También se realizaron estudios empíricos para determinar la compactación, solidez, estabilidad dimensional y la permeabilidad de los materiales utilizados en las construcciones. Estos factores influyen en la elección de materiales de construcción para la conservación de la arquitectura tradicional y para resolver la necesidad actual de construir viviendas económicas en el tejido urbano actual.
Los resultados de este estudio indican que las técnicas constructivas tradicionales del adobe y el cob (pared de mano) son dos de las principales técnicas de Arabia Saudita, y cada una de ellas tiene relación con las particularidades de las poblaciones que viven en un determinado lugar. Con esta tesis también se ha determinado que los diferentes patrones arquitectónicos estaban influenciados por la funcionalidad, la comodidad, la eficiencia y la disponibilidad de los materiales de construcción necesarios. Esto explica la razón por la que existen diferentes tipologías estructurales y arquitectónicas en distintas partes de Arabia Saudita.
Este estudio concluye que la unión de los métodos arquitectónicos tradicionales con las nuevas tecnologías puede servir para construir viviendas más sólidas y de larga duración en Arabi<br>[CAT] Amb el temps, les possibilitats de construcció amb tècniques tradicionals a l'Aràbia Saudita han disminuït considerablement. La nova generació d'Aràbia Saudita ha deixat caure en l'oblit els dissenys arquitectònics i estructurals tradicionals a l'hora de construir pobles, ciutats i habitatges. Els materials utilitzats en la construcció de les estructures tradicionals s'han substituït per materials de construcció més occidentalitzats, com ara formigó, ciment i vidre. Els mètodes arquitectònics y de disseny occidentalitzats no solen perdurar molt de temps degut a les condicions climàtiques i topogràfiques del país, com ara la calor extrema i les fortes tempestes d'arena. La revitalització de la construcció d'estructures i arquitectures tradicionals, unida a les tecnologies de construcció occidentalitzades, donarà com resultat unes estructures sòlides capaces de suportar les dures condicions del país. Esta investigació pretén identificar quins són els mètodes de construcció d'estructures més aplicables que es poden utilitzar en els edificis històrics de terra d'Aràbia Saudita amb fins de conservació. Esta tesi aborda la importància de les perspectives estructurals i arquitectòniques per als edificis tradicionals d'Aràbia Saudita. La tesi també analitza el punt de vista de la població saudita front a la selecció de materials de construcció y als estils arquitectònics més àmpliament utilitzats. En esta investigació també s'examinen les antigues tècniques emprades en els edificis tradicionals d'Aràbia Saudita, com estes poden ajudar en la formulació d'un nou enfocament per a l'arquitectura contemporània i com poden introduir-se en la construcció actual a Aràbia Saudita.
En la preparació d'esta tesi s'ha treballat amb una metodologia que permet complir amb els objectius establerts a l'inici de l'estudi. El primer pas va ser examinar les diferents estructures arquitectòniques de terra d'Aràbia Saudita. Esta etapa va consistir en viatjar a diferents llocs per a observar les estructures així com per a realitzar entrevistes als antics constructors. Per a recopilar més informació sobre el tema es van fer també visites al Iemen i al sud del Marroc, ja que en aquests dos països ja s'ha unit l'arquitectura de terra amb l'arquitectura contemporània. L'arquitectura tradicional del Marroc i del Iemen és semblant a la d'Aràbia Saudita, però en estos països la nova arquitectura contemporània s'ha desenvolupat més tard. S'han realitzat assajos de laboratori per a determinar la relació entre la composició del sòl i l'estabilitat i solidesa de les estructures construïdes. També es van realitzar estudis empírics per a determinar la compactació, solidesa, estabilitat dimensional i la permeabilitat dels materials emprats en les construccions. Estos factors influeixen en l'elecció de materials de construcció per a la conservació de l'arquitectura tradicional i per a resoldre la necessitat actual de construir cases econòmiques en el teixit urbà actual.
Els resultats d'este estudi indiquen que les tècniques constructives tradicionals de l'adob i el cob (paret de mà) són dos de les principals tècniques d'Aràbia Saudita, i cada una d'elles té relació amb les particularitats de les poblacions que viuen en una lloc determinat. Amb esta tesi també s'ha determinat que els diferents patrons arquitectònics estaven influenciats per la funcionalitat, la comoditat, l'eficiència i la disponibilitat dels materials de construcció necessaris. Açò explica la raó per la qual hi ha diferents tipologies estructurals i arquitectòniques en distintes parts d'Aràbia Saudita.
Este estudi conclou que la unió dels mètodes arquitectònics tradicionals amb les noves tecnologies modernes pot servir per a construir habitatges més sòlids i de llarga duració a Aràbia Saudita.<br>Alaidarous, AAH. (2016). Investigating the best methods for structural stabilization procedures for Historical earthen building conservation in Saudi Arabia: a technology-led construction analysis [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/68476<br>TESIS
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Håkansson, Filip. "3D PDF." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Civil Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1341.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>This report is about Adobe Acrobat 3D and their new PDF format witch can contain 3 dimensional models that are interactive. The purpose is to find out if the program and the format work in a level that is suitable for the market. To create this PDF you need Acrobat 3D installed on your computer but it only needs Acrobat Reader 7 or 8 to open it, and the Reader is free to download on the internet.</p><p>The examination is focusing on four formats: U3D, 3DS, DWG and DXF because they are the most common in the building industry seen from the architects’ way. From a 3D model exported to these four formats they where converted to PDF in different settings to be compared in different points as information and size of the files. The result where put together in tables for an easy overview.</p><p>During the work there were no big differences between the results from the different settings noticed. The differences depended more from which format the PDF where converted from. Then the program is not that old on the market there are still some things that can be improved.</p>
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Staniscia, Martina. "On-site testing of joint shear strength in masonry constructions: an experimental study in a traditional adobe building in Portugal." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the last decades, earthen constructions have long been debated in the civil engineering and architecture community. Two are the focal points at the center of this debate: on one hand, the rediscovery of earth as an eco-friendly and easily available material, which can be used for the design of new constructions; on the other hand, the recovery, restoration and structural reinforcement of the existing buildings, particularly sensitive to degradation phenomena and vulnerable to seismic actions.
Portugal has a significant heritage of earthen constructions. Currently, many vernacular buildings, especially in the district of Aveiro, are still in use and some of them have historical and artistic value. However, many of them are in poor state of conservation and many of the incurred problems are due to the lack of in depth knowledge of the materials and construction systems traditionally used.
In this contest, the present study aims to increase the knowledge of adobe constructions in Portugal concerning the characterization of the material and its mechanical properties, such as the uniaxial compressive stress in some adobe samples and the shear strength of masonry joints, to have valid instruments for the recovery and conservation. These data are achieved through the development of some diagnostic testing carried out on site on a vernacular building in Aveiro region, which were integrated with laboratory tests in order to reach a better reliability of the obtained results.
This research aims to prove the importance of tiling several diagnostic tests to optimize the knowledge of properties and mechanical characteristics of the tested material. This study also has the objective to draw up some guidelines and recommendations for future researches and to provide a valid contribution for all the future interventions of restoration, conservation and rehabilitation of earthen constructions, because earth is a not standardized material and still little investigated.
Книги з теми "Building Adobe"
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1892-1950, Stedman Wilfred, ed. Adobe architecture. 2nd ed. Santa Fe, N.M: Sunstone Press, 1987.
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Adobe: Build it yourself. Tucson, Ariz: University of Arizona Press, 2002.
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McHenry, Paul Graham. Adobe: Build it yourself. Tucson, Ariz: University of Arizona Press, 1985.
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Al, Sanchez, ed. Adobe houses for today: Flexible plans for your adobe home. Santa Fe, N.M: Sunstone Press, 2008.
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Al, Sanchez, ed. Adobe houses for today: Flexible plans for your adobe home. Santa Fe, NM: Sunstone Press, 2001.
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Contreras, Francisco Uviña. Adobe architecture conservation handbook. Santa Fe, N.M: Conerstone Community Partnerships, 1998.
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Schultz, Karl V. Adobe manual: Rich legacy, bright future? : building, landscaping, arts/crafts. Castro Valley, CA: Adobe Craft & Associates, 1997.
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Lumpkins, William T. La casa adobe. Santa Fe, N.M: Ancient City Press, 1986.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Building Adobe"
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Tancredi, A., G. Cocco, E. Spacone, and G. Brando. "Seismic assessment of a colonial adobe building in Cusco, Peru." In Current Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems, 1980–85. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003348443-325.
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Tancredi, A., G. Cocco, E. Spacone, and G. Brando. "Seismic assessment of a colonial adobe building in Cusco, Peru." In Current Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems, 689–90. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003348450-325.
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Smailes, Richard L. "A construction management approach to building the monumental adobe ciudadelas at Chan Chan, Peru." In Architectural Energetics in Archaeology, 235–64. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, [2018]: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315109794-11.
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Che, Ai-Lan, Zhi-Jian Wu, Jun-Jie Sun, and Jing-Hua Qi. "Seismic Damage Characteristics of Rural Adobe-Wood Building in Gansu Province Induced by the Wenchuan Great Earthquake." In Advances in Environmental Geotechnics, 865–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04460-1_111.
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Varum, Humberto, Nicola Tarque, Dora Silveira, Guido Camata, Bruno Lobo, Marcial Blondet, António Figueiredo, Muhammad Masood Rafi, Cristina Oliveira, and Aníbal Costa. "Structural Behaviour and Retrofitting of Adobe Masonry Buildings." In Structural Rehabilitation of Old Buildings, 37–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39686-1_2.
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Zonno, Giacomo, Rafael Aguilar, Benjamin Castañeda, Rubén Boroschek, and Paulo B. Lourenço. "Environmental and Dynamic Remote Monitoring of Historical Adobe Buildings: The Case Study of the Andahuaylillas Church in Cusco, Peru." In RILEM Bookseries, 2216–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99441-3_238.
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Illampas, Rogiros, Rui A. Silva, Dimos C. Charmpis, Paulo B. Lourenço, and Ioannis Ioannou. "Experimental Investigation of the Structural Response of Adobe Buildings to Lateral Loading Before and After the Implementation of Compatible Grout Repairs." In RILEM Bookseries, 1548–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99441-3_166.
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Smars, Pierre. "Adobe constructions in Yún-lín county, Taiwan." In Building Knowledge, Constructing Histories, 1237–44. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429506208-157.
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Velosa, A., and H. Varum. "Adequacy of mortars for adobe building renders." In Vernacular Heritage and Earthen Architecture, 395–99. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15685-69.
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Heilig, Leonard, Stefan Voß, and Lars Wulfken. "Building Clouds." In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing, 269–90. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8210-8.ch011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The highly automated and scalable nature of cloud computing encourages practitioners and scholars to reconsider software delivery processes. To efficiently leverage the benefits of elastic clouds, applications are typically provisioned and deployed several times a day in different environments and regions. Related procedures must support agile development and deployment of software components as well as the associated management of different versions and configurations. To efficiently utilize auto-scaling mechanisms, the latency produced by provisioning and deployment activities needs to be reduced while ensuring consistency, repeatability and reliability. In this chapter, an integrative process-oriented approach to improve the overall quality and performance of deployment processes is presented. Based on a comprehensive analysis of requirements, the proposed process considers the link between deployment and configuration management as well as tools and organizational aspects. Further, related research challenges and a case study focusing on the Adobe Shared Cloud are presented.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Building Adobe"
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Jofré Troncoso, Maria Graciela. "Adobe Constructions – Colonial Chilean House." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15611.
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This article presents part of the doctoral research carried out on raw earth constructions in the central zone of Chile between the 16th and 19th centuries, especifically in the so-called Chilean Colonial House, or Casa Patronal. The origin of this building typology is attributed to construction models and systems from Spain, such as the case of the Andalusian House, which was inserted in the construction culture of Chile since the foundation of the first cities of the country. Thus, the cities were continously evolving, firstly characterized by a large number of constructions of defense, but later after, diverse types of constructions were introduced, such as houses, churches and enclosure walls. Currently, more than fifty of these houses are preserved, which have resisted the historical seismic action recorded since the 16th Century, and whose last major event occurred on February 27, 2010, magnitude of 8.8 Mw, which revealed the precariousness and abandonment of the country's built heritage, especially of these types constructions. The methodology used for the study includes four stages. Firstly, the research and bibliographic review; secondly, field researches and collection of records in various Houses in the central zone of Chile; thirdly, the Systemic Method was applied in order to develop a diagnosis of the current situation of the case studies. This stage includes the application of the Chilean regulation for Constructions of Raw Earth NCh3332 of the year 2013. Finally, the fourth stage is focused on the analysis and discussion of the results, including conclusions regarding this matter. This document includes the progress of the study carried out up to the third stage of the doctoral research, which is the first part of the "Initial cycle of knowledge of buildings.” This study aimes to provide and expand the range of tools for the diagnosis of the current situation of buildings, based on the analyses performed in three cases studies.
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Poullain, Philippe, Mircea Barnaure, and Stéphanie Bonnet. "Variability Assessment of the Compressive and Tensile Strength of Fibred Earthen Composites." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.612.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Earthen composites (rammed earth, cob, adobe, daub, CEB...) are experiencing renewed interest from builders due to the many advantages of these building materials, and in particular their eco-friendliness. Nevertheless, the widespreading of these materials, as certified materials and conforming to construction standards, comes against the lack of data concerning their mechanical properties. Indeed, the literature generally gives the average values of the properties without indicating the number of specimens tested neither the distribution of the data. Yet, the mean value of the compressive strength is not enough to assess the reliability of a given earthen composite to build a wall and it would be better to indicate the value of a defined percentile (characteristic value just like with concrete composites). The aim of this paper is to analyze the data about the mechanical properties (tensile and compressive strength) obtained on different formulations of cob including natural fibres or not. The tests performed allowed to determine the probability density function and the average values, the standard deviation and the percentiles, for the various properties.
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Ben-Alon, Lola, Vivian Loftness, Kent A. Harries, and Erica Cochran Hameen. "Overcoming the Perceptual Gap: Worldwide Perceived Comfort Survey of Earthen Building Experts and Homeowners." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.521.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Earthen building materials are a critical future for sustainable construction because they are locally available, minimally processed, and waste-free. However, despite their advantages, earthen materials still face challenges for comprehensive implementation. First, their technical data vary significantly, making it challenging to quantify their true performance for different climates and environmental contexts. Second, people mistakenly perceive these materials as low-tech and poor in their performance. Lastly, building codes and standards do not comprehensively represent these materials worldwide. This work identifies perceptual barriers that hold back the broader implementation of earthen materials in order to ascertain possible solutions and assess the performance of earthen buildings and perceived comfort among primary resources such as practicing professionals and people who live in earthen houses. The results of an online survey of 126 earthen building experts and homeowners are presented, providing important insights regarding a range of barriers to, and motivating factors for, the implementation of earthen materials, as well as design and thermal performance aspects of existing earthen homes. The results of the surveys show that, of the various earthen building techniques, light straw clay requires the lowest maintenance, and construction of adobe and/or clay plaster encountered the least barriers to implementation. The energy performance of existing earthen homes show that all types of earthen materials reduce the need for cooling, in all climate zones. Insulation over earthen walls was shown to increase occupants’ perceived comfort levels, but only slightly. Additional results provide significant recommendations for future research on thermal performance and comfort guidelines for earthen structures. This study contributes to the development of environmental and policy measures that could be used by policymakers by synthesizing technical and environmental data and by identifying means of improving the perception of natural building.
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Martins, T., J. García, A. Ferrández, N. Tarque, and J. Fernández. "Seismic Retrofitting of Historical Masonry Heritage Structures: A Case Study of an Adobe Masonry Building in Lima, Peru." In 12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions. CIMNE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.232.
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Allahvirdizadeh, Reza, Daniel V. Oliveira, and Rui A. Silva. "In-Plane Seismic Performance of Plain and TRM-Strengthened Rammed Earth Components." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.0924.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>Raw earth is one of the most widely used building materials and is employed in different techniques, among which adobe and rammed earth are the most common. The respective structural systems, like in masonry buildings, acceptably withstand against gravity loads, though they are significantly vulnerable to earthquakes. Moreover, a great percentage of the World’s population is still inhabited in such environments, which are endangered by future earthquakes. The current article investigates the seismic in-plane performance of an I-shaped rammed earth component by means of advanced nonlinear finite element modelling. In this regard, conventional pushover analyses were conducted to evaluate load/displacement capacities and to assess probable failure modes. It was observed that the component fails mainly due to detachment of the wing walls from the web wall and due to occurrence of diagonal shear cracks at the web. Subsequently, the application of Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) strengthening solution to the component was studied and shown to be able to maintain the integrity of the component for larger lateral load levels. Finally, the reliability of the pushover analyses to predict the seismic response was evaluated by comparison with outcomes from incremental nonlinear dynamic analysis.</p>
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LAMBRINOS, NIKOS, and Efthimios-Spyridon Georgiou. "YEDI KULE - MONUMENT ROAD RACE: THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE 3D MAPPING ANIMATION OF THE OLD CITY OF THESSALONIKI, GREECE." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 9th International Congress & 3rd GEORES - GEOmatics and pREServation. Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia: Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica9.2021.12046.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This project refers to the construction of a 3D map of Thessaloniki’s historical route. The Yedi Kule Conquest – Monument Road Race took place in the old city of Thessaloniki, which was built during the Byzantine and Ottoman period. The purpose of this project is the digital recording of the castles, the monuments, the old churches, the traditional buildings, and the squares which are prime examples of the architectural beauty of the place. The methodology of the project is based on the online software Google Earth Studio and Adobe Premiere Pro. These are the tools of digitization, rendering, and building process of the animation. With this methodology, the authors achieved the documentation of land use and the architectural landscape. The animation is a credible graphic index of the historical background of Thessaloniki. The Yedi Kule area constitutes of a cultural mosaic made from different historic periods. The buildings and the neighbourhoods give the sense of transition of the narrow roads, the old Christian churches, the house of the first Turkish governor, and the byzantine castle to the modern city. In Thessaloniki, three historic periods coexist the Ancient Greek/Roman, the Byzantine, and Ottoman Empire. The responsibility of the governmental politics and of every citizen of Thessaloniki is to promote and preserve the historic background of the city. The final product offers a good opportunity for the digital storage of Thessaloniki’s old city. The animation creates an interactive environment that portrays the current image of the transition from the old to a modern city.
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Sarchi, L., R. Monteiro, and H. Varum. "Seismic analysis of Portuguese adobe buildings." In Sostierra 2017, 3rd Restapia, 3rd Versus. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315267739-139.
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Ebrahim, Mohamed Afzal. "Comparative Thermal Analyses of Adobe and Brick Buildings in Islamabad." In American Solar Energy Society National Solar Conference 2017. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/solar.2017.01.01.
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N., Ahmad, Crowley H., Pinho R., and Ali Q. "Displacement-Based Earthquake Loss Assessment of Adobe Buildings of Pakistan." In Modern Methods and Advances in Structural Engineering and Construction. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-08-7920-4_s2-s54-cd.
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Huaman, Julio Rainer Lopez, Mauricio Postigo-Malaga, Pablo Yanyachi, and Jose Chilo. "Measurements of 3G and 4G signal attenuation in adobe buildings structures." In 2020 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc43012.2020.9129533.
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