Готові списки джерел за темами / Brown bear (Ursus arctos)

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Brown bear (Ursus arctos)"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 21 лютого 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Brown bear (Ursus arctos)"

1

Elgmork, Kåre, and Even Tjørve. "Brown bear Ursus arctos scavenging patterns." Wildlife Biology 1, no. 1 (January 1995): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2981/wlb.1995.0029.

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2

Vougiouklakis, Theodore. "Fatal Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) Attack." American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 27, no. 3 (September 2006): 266–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.paf.0000220930.00053.43.

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3

Britton, Ann P., Julie Bidulka, Andrea Scouras, Helen Schwantje, and Tomy Joseph. "Fatal hepatic sarcocystosis in a free-ranging grizzly bear cub associated with Sarcocystis canis–like infection." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 31, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638719826627.

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We describe herein fatal hepatic sarcocystosis in a free-ranging grizzly bear ( Ursus arctos horribilis) cub with apicomplexan infection of the liver and brain, both demonstrating 100% homology for Sarcocystis canis and S. arctosi. Fatal hepatic sarcocystosis in dogs has been etiologically associated with intrahepatic schizonts of S. canis. In black and polar bears, a S. canis–like organism produces schizonts in the liver and massive hepatic necrosis. Although intramuscular sarcocysts, taxa S. arctosi and S. ursusi, have been described in healthy brown and black bears, respectively, they have not been detected in bears with hepatic sarcocystosis, to our knowledge, and it is currently unknown whether bears represent an aberrant or intermediate host.
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4

Yoon, Byung Il, Jung Keun Lee, Jin Hyun Kim, Nam Shik Shin, Soo Wahn Kwon, Gi Hwan Lee, and Dae Yong Kim. "Lymphosarcoma in a brown bear (Ursus arctos)." Journal of Veterinary Science 2, no. 2 (2001): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2001.2.2.143.

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5

Laikre, Linda, Robert Andrén, Hans-Ove Larsson, and Nils Ryman. "Inbreeding depression in brown bear Ursus arctos." Biological Conservation 76, no. 1 (1996): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(95)00084-4.

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6

Wilk, Randall J., John W. Solberg, Vernon D. Berns, and Richard A. Sellers. "Brown Bear, Ursus arctos, with six young." Canadian field-naturalist 102, no. 3 (1988): 541–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.356603.

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7

Marinković, Darko, Jòzsef Özvegy, Milan Aničić, Ivana Vučićević, Slađan Nešić, and Vladimir Kukolj. "Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus in Brown Bear (Ursus arctos)." Acta Veterinaria 66, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acve-2016-0036.

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Анотація:
Abstract Gastric dilatation and volvulus is a life-threatening condition characterized by rapid accumulation of food and gases that cause displacement and distension of the stomach. The large and giant, deep-chested breeds of dogs are at higher risk for developing the gastric dilatation and volvulus. Uncommonly, it can also develop in cats, but it is also described in free-range polar bears. A case of gastric dilatation and volvulus in a brown bear (Ursus arctos) is described in this paper. This case was characterized by lack of any previous symptoms, sudden death, as well as macroscopic findings during necropsy - twisted distended stomach, congested displaced spleen and necrotic gastric wall. According to the available data this is the first described case report of the gastric dilatation and volvulus in brown bear (Ursus arctos).
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8

Radisic, B., M. Sindicic, D. Huber, J. Kusak, T. Gomercic, D. Vnuk, D. Maticic, and A. Slavica. "Ovariectomy of a brown bear (Ursus arctos): a case report." Veterinární Medicína 55, No. 7 (August 17, 2010): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2965-vetmed.

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Анотація:
Reproductive control is regularly implemented in bear facilities to prevent crowding of enclosures and surplus animals. Ovariectomy may represent an efficient method of sterilizing bears yet has not been reported in the literature. A 73 kg female brown bear, age two years and three months, was anesthetized for ovariectomy with tiletamin and zolazepam (Zoletil<sup>&reg;</sup>, Virbac S.A., Carros Cedex, France) and medetomidin hydrochloride (Domitor<sup>&reg;</sup>, Pfizer Animal Health, New York, USA). A 25 cm midline incision that extended from the umbilicus to the pubic brim was made. The suspensory ligament was stretched and blunt dissected so that ovaries in bursa were exposed on the surgical field. A "Figure 8" ligature was placed between two forcepses and a circumferential ligature was placed around proximal forceps at the ovarian pedicle. Another "Figure 8" ligature was placed between two forcepses and a circumferential ligature was placed around distal forceps at the cranial tip of the uterine horn. No surgical complications occurred, and no complications have transpired during the 12 month post-operative period.
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9

Cronin, Matthew A., Steven C. Amstrup, Gerald W. Garner, and Ernest R. Vyse. "Interspecific and intraspecific mitochondrial DNA variation in North American bears (Ursus)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 2985–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-421.

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Анотація:
We assessed mitochondrial DNA variation in North American black bears (Ursus americanus), brown bears (Ursus arctos), and polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Divergent mitochondrial DNA haplotypes (0.05 base substitutions per nucleotide) were identified in populations of black bears from Montana and Oregon. In contrast, very similar haplotypes occur in black bears across North America. This discordance of haplotype phylogeny and geographic distribution indicates that there has been maintenance of polymorphism and considerable gene flow throughout the history of the species. Intraspecific mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence in brown bears and polar bears is lower than in black bears. The two morphological forms of U. arctos, grizzly and coastal brown bears, are not in distinct mtDNA lineages. Interspecific comparisons indicate that brown bears and polar bears share similar mitochondrial DNA (0.023 base substitutions per nucleotide) which is quite divergent (0.078 base substitutions per nucleotide) from that of black bears. High mitochondrial DNA divergence within black bears and paraphyletic relationships of brown and polar bear mitochondrial DNA indicate that intraspecific variation across species' ranges should be considered in phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA.
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10

Balseiro, Ana, Luis J. Royo, Elena Gayo, Ramón Balsera, Olga Alarcia, and Juan F. García Marín. "Mortality Causes in Free-Ranging Eurasian Brown Bears (Ursus arctos arctos) in Spain 1998–2018." Animals 10, no. 9 (August 31, 2020): 1538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091538.

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Анотація:
This work summarizes the mortality cases of twenty-five free-ranging Eurasian wild brown bears (Ursus arctos arctos) from the Cantabrian mountain range submitted for necropsy in Asturias and Castilla y León (northwestern Spain) from 1998 to 2018. Mortality cases were classified both caused by (i) “non-human intervention” or “human intervention” causes and based on (ii) “non-infectious” or “infectious” etiology. In four cases (16%) it was not possible to determine the cause of death due to the inadequate preservation of collected specimens or insufficient tissue availability. Based on “non-human intervention” or “human intervention” causes, fourteen of the 21 (66.7%) brown bears died as a consequence of “non-human intervention” due to traumatic lesions (fights, unknown traumas or infanticide), infectious canine hepatitis, neoplasia or mushroom poisoning. In contrast, seven (33.3%) brown bears died by “human intervention” due to illegal hunting (shooting or snare), handling (during transit in an attempt to reintroduce a bear back into the wild) or strychnine poisoning. Based on “non-infectious” or “infectious” etiology, twelve of the 21 (57.1%) brown bears died due to “non-infectious” causes, namely traumatic lesions such as shooting, snare, fighting or infanticide, handling, strychnine poisoning, mushroom poisoning or neoplasia. The remaining nine (42.9%) animals died due to “infectious” diseases which included gangrenous myositis, infectious canine hepatitis or septicemia. In six of those cases traumatic lesions caused by non-human or human activities were complicated with bacterial infection (clostridiosis and septicemia) which finally caused the death of those animals. Additionally, exertional myopathy was observed in the handled animal and in one bear found in a snare. In a free-ranging population of Eurasian brown bear from the Cantabrian mountain range, main causes of death are attributed to non-human related traumatic lesions and infectious diseases (primary developed such as infectious canine hepatitis or secondary developed such as clostridiosis or septicemia) which is in contrast to previously reported data for other bear populations. These data are valuable and may help in the conservation and management of this recovering population.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Brown bear (Ursus arctos)"

1

Klenzendorf, Sybille A. "Management of brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Europe." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36807.

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Анотація:
Successful conservation of brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Europe is associated with public acceptance of damages caused by bears. Recent increases in sheep depredation and beehive damage in central Austria resulted in the deaths of two bears there. Since bear numbers are low in most European populations, alternatives to the elimination of problem bears associated with damage incidents must be sought. The events described above led to the formation of the Bear Management Group responsible for designing a management plan for Austria that will outline procedures for dealing with bear damage and conservation strategies. This study provides an overview of the magnitude and seasonal patterns of brown bear damage in Romania, Italy, Slovenia, Norway, Sweden, and Austria. It also illustrates how bears are managed in European countries by comparing different management strategies for dealing with brown bear damage, describing how bear management is organized, determining which organizations are involved, and explaining which duties these fulfill. Bear damage data were obtained from interviews with wildlife managers, hunters, and farmers in Romania, Italy, Slovenia, Norway, Sweden, and Austria, and from official records of their bear management agencies. Most damage incidents involved sheep and beehives in all countries. All countries offered a more or less well functioning damage compensation program to farmers. Conservation success, especially for small bear populations, seemed to be related to a good compensation program and reducing damage to livestock and property. Possible improvements of management strategies to reduce damage and increase conservation success in theses countries were discussed The second part of this study was the assessment of the organizational structure of different bear management programs in Europe. Brown bear management in Europe included a broad spectrum of goals, ranging from no protection, to regulated hunting, to total protection. In each country, different organizations were involved in bear management, including private and governmental organizations. For each study country, I outlined which organizations were involved in bear management, determined if a management plan existed,described if and how hunting and damage compensation were structured, explained how each country dealt with problem bears, and finally, detailed what kind of management problems each country encountered. I tried to find management patterns for bear management in Europe, including advantages and disadvantages of each approach and their effectiveness within the countries they were applied. Methods included a content analysis of interviews with wildlife managers, farmers, and local people in each country.Results showed that two general types of management approaches could be identified. Romania, Sweden and Southern Slovenia took a conservationist approach, which was characterized by economic use of their bear population. All of these countries had viable bear populations. Romania and Southern Slovenia included an additional characteristic of feeding bears, which could be viewed as a utilitarian management scheme. The second management approach, which was classified as the preservationist approach, was observed in Norway, Italy, Northern Slovenia, and Austria. This management strategy was characterized by year-long protection of bears, low population numbers, and no feeding of bears. Further results of management differences in problem bear management, damage compensation, public education, and effectiveness of management approaches were summarized. The study provides a reference on bear management strategies in Europe.
Master of Science
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2

Bellemain, Eva. "Genetics of the scandinavian brown bear (Ursus arctos) : implications for biology and conservation." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10168.

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Анотація:
Cette thèse traite de 1'application de l'outil moléculaire, en combinaison avec les données de terrain, pour la gestion, la conservation et la compréhension de la biologie et du comportement de l'ours brun (Urslls areros) Scandinave. La première partie de cette thèse est une partie méthodologique, dans laquelle nous avons développé des aspects techniques en biologie moléculaire (notamment par la définition de protocoles d'amplification d'ADN à partir d'échantillons fécaux) et en analyse de parenté. La seconde partie concerne l'application de ces outils dans l'étude et la gestion des populations. Nous avons évalué plusieurs estimateurs de tai11e de population à partir soit d'un échantillonnage non invasif et de méthodes moléculaires, soit de méthodes de terrain traditionnelles, et déterminé que l'estimateur le plus fiable était celui du programme MARK, basé sur un principe de capturemarquagc-recapture à partir de données génétiques. La population d'ours brun en Suède a étéestimée à 2200 individus en 2004. Le système d'appariement de l'ours brun a été étudié en relation avec l'infanticide sexue11ement sélectionné (SSI), à partir des al:alyses de parentés. Le SSI serait une stratégie reproductive des mâles. Les femelles emploieraient des contrestratégies au SSI en s'accouplant avec plusieurs mâles afin cie confondre les paternités et avec les mâles 1es plus susceptibles de commettre l'infanticide. Les mâles les plus hétéroz. Ygotes et les plus gros seraient préférentiellement sélectionnés par les femelles, probab1ement p<1r un mécanismc post copulatif
This thesis deals with the application ofmo1ecular tools, combined with field data, in wildlife management, in conservation and in understanding biology and behavior of the Scandinavian brown bear (UrslIs arc/os). The first part of this thesis is a methodological part, in which we deve10ped or reviewed technical aspects in molecular biology (particularly, we defined protocols to ampli fy DNA from fecalsamples) and in parentage analysis; the second part is devoted to the application of molecular genetics for managing Populátions. We evaluated several population size estimators, either from non invasive sampling é1lldmolecular methods, or from traditional field methods, and determined that the most reliable estimator was the one from programm MARK, based on a capture-mark-recapture principle, from genetic data. The brown bear populationin sweden was estimated to be around 2200 individuals in 2004. The brown bear mating system was studied in relation with sexually selected infanticide (SSI), from parentage analyses studies. SSlmight be an adaptive male mating strategy. Fema1es might employ counter strategies such as multiple male-mating to confuse paternities and mating with future potentia11y infanticidalmales. Most heterozygous and leu'ger males would be preferentially selected by females, probably through a post copulatory mechanism
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3

Virmaja, Tommy. "Skillnader i födoval mellan brunbjörnshonor (Ursus arctos) med och utan årsungar." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för miljö- och livsvetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-63608.

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Анотація:
Inom födosöksteori söker och konsumerar djur föda på ett sätt som maximerar deras förmåga att reproducera sig och få sina gener representerade i kommande generationer. För att åstadkomma detta måste individer ibland anpassa sina beteenden. Brunbjörnhonor (Ursus arctos) med årsungar måste bland annat dela den föda de hittar med ungarna. För att inte riskera att ungarna dödas av hannar så har honor med årsungar under parningsperioden mindre hemområden och rör sig mindre under ett dygn än vuxna honor utan årsungar. Med bakgrund av dessa olikheter undersöks ifall honor med årsungar konsumerar annan föda jämfört med honor i andra reproduktiva kategorier. En spillningsinsamling från GPS-märkta björnar gjordes i västra Hälsingland och norra Dalarna under 2015 från 25:e maj till 11:e oktober. Inför dataanalysen delades säsongen upp i två perioder vid den 15:e juli på grund av olikheter i födotillgång samt att parningssäsongen slutar. En frekvensanalys gjordes av individernas spillningar som resulterade i en icke signifikant skillnad mellan honor med och honor utan årsungars födoval. En undersökande dataanalys av volymprocent antyder dock att det kan finnas skillnader i mängd av vissa födoämnen under parningsperioden. Dessa skillnader fanns i kategorierna ben, älghår samt övriga växtmaterial. Även om studien lider av liten provstorlek med endast fyra honor med årsungar i var och en av de båda perioderna tycks undersökningen originell med en upplösning på individnivå. Tidigare skandinaviska födovalsanalyser hos brunbjörnen har gjorts med spillning som minsta enhet.
According to foraging theory, animals seek and consume food in ways that maximize their ability to reproduce and have their genes represented in future generations. In order to achieve this, individuals must sometimes adapt their behaviors. Females of the brown bear (Ursus arctos) with cubs of the year must share the food they find with their cubs. To protect the cubs from being killed by males in the mating period, females with young have smaller home ranges than other adult females and move less on a daily basis than other females. In view of these differences my hypothesis is that females with yearlings consume different food items than other females. A fecal collection from GPS-marked brown bears was made in 2015 in the northern Dalarna county and northwestern county of Gävleborg in Sweden from 25 May to 11 October. Prior to the data analysis, the season was divided into two periods, 25 May to 15 July and 16 July to 11 October, based on differences in food availability and season (mating vs non-mating season). A frequency analysis detected no significant differences in food items consumed for either period. However, an exploratory data analysis of percent volume of different food items suggests that there may be differences in the amount of certain foods during the mating period. These differences were found for the food categories, bone, moose hair and other plant material. Although the study suffers from a small sample size with only four females with cubs of the year in each of the two periods, this study is relatively novel with a resolution at the individual level. Previous food item analyzes of the brown bear in Scandinavia have been done with fecal samples as the smallest unit.
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4

Cabral, Pedro Miguel Matos. "Brown bear behaviour in human-modified landscapes: the case of the endangered Cantabrian population, NW Spain." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/26700.

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Анотація:
Large carnivore populations are recovering in Europe after centuries of population decline. The Cantabrian brown bear Ursus arctos population is endangered, and it is a good example of a large carnivore inhabiting a human-modified landscape. In order to study the impact of human landscape elements on bear behaviour we analysed 10 years of Cantabrian brown bear records. Human activity and structures do not appear to have an impact on the duration or appearance of vigilance behaviour. While bears avoid direct contact with humans, the mere presence of human infrastructure and activities don't not appear to impact its vigilance behaviours. The brown bear seems to be adapted to human coexistence and this should give a different perspective in future conservation efforts; Comportamento do Urso-Pardo em paisagens modificadas pelo Homem: o caso da população Cantábrica em perigo, NO Espanha Resumo: As populações de grandes carnívoros estão a recuperar por toda a Europa após séculos de declínio populacional. A população Cantábrica de urso pardo Ursus arctos encontra-se em perigo e é um bom exemplo de um grande carnívoro que habita uma paisagem modificada pelo Homem. A fim de estudar o impacto dos elementos da paisagem humanizada no comportamento do urso pardo, analisamos 10 anos de registos de comportamento de urso pardo Cantábrico. A atividade e estruturas humanas não parecem ter impacto na duração ou no aparecimento do comportamento de vigilância. O urso-pardo evita o contato direto com os seres humanos, no entanto a mera presença de infraestruturas e atividades humanas não parece ter impacto no comportamento de vigilância. O urso-pardo parece estar adaptado à coexistência humana e isso deverá dar uma perspetiva diferente a futuros esforços de conservação.
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5

Ambarli, Huseyin. "Spatio-temporal Ecology, Habitat Use And Population Size Of Brown Bears (ursus Arctos) In Yusufeli, Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615103/index.pdf.

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Анотація:
Brown bear is the largest mammal in Turkey and its main distribution lies in the Black Sea and Eastern Anatolia Regions. Its basic ecology is almost unknown in Turkey, except for a limited number of studies. This study aims to determine the spatio-temporal ecology and habitat use of brown bears in the Kaç
kar Mountains, and to estimate their population size in the Ö
zgü
ven Valley and Yusufeli, both firsts for Turkey. The study area is primarily covered with conifer and oak stands, but sparse mixed shrubland occurs in the Mediterranean climate influenced lower parts. GPS-GSM telemetry on seven captured bears (5 males and 2 females) was the main field technique used in this study. Other methods include monitoring via camera trapping, visual direct observations, and counting cubs of the year. Bears were fitted with GPS-GSM collars and tracked for 3 to 603 days. Mean home range size (HRS) was calculated by 95% kernel and MCP estimators for three different samples sizes.95% MCP for all positions produced a home range size of 19.91 ±
8.89 sq. km. for females, and 130.68 ±
102.95 sq.km. for males. On average, males and females move at rates of 199 m/h and 129 m/h, respectively. Males hibernate around 140 days whereas females around 150 days and at lower elevations than males. According to camera trapping results, bears are generally active at twilight whereas activity data loggers produced disparate results for tracked bears. Resting patterns showed that bears may also rest at midnight. Estimated population density per 100 km2. is 24.50 ±
1.74 individual using the Fcub method and 23.85 ±
2.51 using the mark&ndash
resight method. Captured bears indicated nonrandom distribution on habitat use and selected productive croplands and shrublands than other types of vegetation. Brown bear HRS in the Kaç
kars is smaller than reported from most countries. The large female-male HRS difference is probably due to polygamous mating system, sexual dimorphism, hard mast availability, high population density, and female&rsquo
s habitat exclusivity as a result of high tolerance by the local people in contrast with most northern countries. Although primary productivity is used to explain high population density and small HRS in other countries, the low productivity in the study area cannot explain the observed density and HRS difference. These findings will construct a scientific basis for brown bear management and conservation in Turkey.
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6

Cilingir, Fatma Gozde. "Maternal Phylogeography Of Brown Bears (ursus Arctos) And Testing The Utility Of Non-invasive Genetic Samples." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615071/index.pdf.

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Анотація:
The genetic diversity and phylogeography of brown bear maternal lineages have been studied extensively over the last two decades. In this study the genetic diversity and maternal phylogeography of non-invasively sampled 35 brown bears, including 5 captive individuals were reported from Turkey. In addition to the optimization of DNA extraction from hair, faeces and old skin samples and their PCRs, Bayesian phylogenetic analyses based on a 269 bp long piece of bear mitochondrial DNA were conducted and 14 novel haplotypes belonging to three major lineages were revealed. The most widespread lineage was found to be the &ldquo
Eastern&rdquo
clade 3a, while geographically more restricted &ldquo
Western&rdquo
and &ldquo
Middle Eastern&rdquo
lineages were reported for the country for the first time. A specimen from the Taurus range (southern Turkey) was shown to be closely related to the presumably extinct bears in Lebanon. Moreover, a unique novel lineage that appears to have split early within the Middle Eastern clade was defined. Despite limited sampling, this study demonstrates a high level of mitochondrial diversity in Turkish brown bears, extends the ranges of both European and Middle Eastern clades into Turkey, and identifies a new divergent lineage of possibly wider historical occurrence while demonstrating the significance of non-invasive genetic sampling for such analysis.
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7

Gregório, Inês de Sousa. "Genetic structure, diversity and gene flow on a threarened population of brown bear (Ursus arctos) in Cantabria, Spain." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22700.

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Анотація:
Mestrado em Ecologia Aplicada
Ao longo de vários séculos, a distribuição geográfica do urso pardo na Península Ibérica tem vindo a diminuir, estando de momento limitada ao norte de Espanha. A população de urso pardo da Cantábria é uma das mais pequenas da Europa e está dividida em duas subpopulações (Ocidental e Oriental), com conectividade limitada entre ambas. Para além disso, a perseguição, por parte das populações humanas, apresenta sérias ameaças à sobrevivência da população de urso pardo na Cantábria. Tendo em consideração a situação atual da população Cantábrica, é essencial ter uma imagem muito clara dos padrões genéticos da população. Foram usados três tipos de marcadores genéticos (ADN mitocondrial, microssatélites nucleares autossómicos e marcadores sexuais) para inferir a origem, estrutura e diversidade genética e fluxo genético da população. Os resultados aqui apresentados sugerem que a população Cantábrica está dividida em duas linhagens matrilineares distintas e que não é monofilética relativamente a outras populações europeias. Esta diferenciação, num eixo oriental-ocidental, poderá estar relacionada com eventos de colonização da cordilheira Cantábrica anteriores e contemporâneos ao último máximo glaciar. A população está estruturada em duas subpopulações com grande diferenciação genética entre as duas. Os resultados mostram fortes evidências de migração de ursos entre as duas subpopulações. Nomeadamente, encontramos evidências da existência de fluxo genético assimétrico e de maior fluxo recente de migrantes da subpopulação Oriental para a Ocidental. Contudo, os resultados sugerem uma maior introgressão recente em sentido contrário. Este estudo ajuda a clarificar as origens da população e fornece novo conhecimento sobre a condição genética e os padrões de migração e fluxo genético da população de urso pardo. Os resultados aqui apresentados irão ajudar na definição e implementação de novas estratégias de conservação relevantes para a subsistência de uma população de urso pardo viável na Cordilheira Cantábrica.
Over the centuries, the brown bear geographical distribution in the Iberian Peninsula has been decreasing, being currently limited to the North of Spain. The Cantabrian brown bear population is one of the smallest populations in Europe as is fragmented in two subpopulations (Western and Eastern), with limited connection between them. Additionally, human persecution represents serious threats to the survival of brown bear in Cantabria. Considering the current status of the Cantabrian population, it is essential to have a clear picture of the genetic patterns of the population. We used three molecular markers (mitochondrial DNA, autossomal and sex linked microsatellites) to assess the genetic origins, structure, diversity and gene flow of the Cantabrian brown bear population. Our results suggest that the Cantabrian population is divided in two distinct matrilineal lineages and is not monophyletic relative to other European populations. This differentiation, in an east-west axis might be related with colonization events of the Cantabrian mountains prior and contemporary to the last glacial maximum. The population is structured in two subpopulations with great genetic differentiation between them. The results also show strong evidences of migration between both subpopulations. Namely, we found evidence of asymmetrical gene flow and greater migrant flow from the Eastern to the Western subpopulation. However, results also suggest greater genetic admixture in the opposite way. This study reveals the origins and provides new insights on the genetic condition and migration patterns of the brown bear population. The results here presented will help in the definition of conservation strategies relevant for the maintenance of a viable brown bear population in the Cantabrian mountains.
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Kopatz, A. (Alexander). "Genetic structure of the brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Northern Europe." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526204307.

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Abstract Wild populations of large carnivores in Europe were almost wiped out during the last centuries. Nowadays, the number of brown bears in North and Eastern Europe has increased, and the current situation suggests that these populations have recovered or are in the process of recovery. Knowledge of the population genetic consequences of demographic recovery in large carnivores, especially across national borders and on broader geographical scales, is still limited. In this study, we collected 3,757 fecal and hair samples as well as 881 tissue samples from brown bears across Northern Europe, with a focus on the Finnish population and neighboring areas, to investigate the population structure, connectivity, and genetic diversity on a spatial as well as a temporal scale. Bayesian clustering analysis of the population structure suggested the division of brown bears in Northern Europe into several genetic clusters, and the subdivision of the Finnish population into a northern and southern subpopulation. The estimation of gene flow pointed to better connectivity of the bears between Southern Finland and Western Russia, while migration between Scandinavia and Northern Finland as well as between Scandinavia and Southern Finland/Western Russia appeared to be restricted. Genetic clusters identified in Finland, Russia and Northern Norway displayed high genetic diversity, which was among the highest reported in wild brown bears. Recovery of the Finnish population has been accompanied by a detected range expansion towards the north, while genetic differentiation between clusters has decreased and genetic diversity has increased in the southern population, suggesting expansion from the south. Our results demonstrated that the immigration of bears from Russia still plays a major role in the Finnish bear population; however, connectivity between the Finnish-Russian population and Scandinavian bears appears to be restricted and should be improved, as well as regularly monitored
Tiivistelmä Suurpetojen luonnonpopulaatiot hävisivät Euroopasta melkein kokonaan viimeisten vuosisatojen aikana. Ruskeakarhujen määrä on viime aikoina kasvanut Pohjois- ja Itä-Euroopassa, ja karhupopulaatiot ovat toipuneet tai toipumassa. Tieto demografisen toipumisen geneettisistä seurauksista populaatioissa on varsin rajoittunutta etenkin laajemmassa maantieteellisessä mittakaavassa, yli valtiorajojen. Keräsimme tätä tutkimusta varten 3757 uloste- ja karvanäytettä ja 881 kudosnäytettä Suomesta ja sen lähialueilta. Tarkoituksenamme oli kartoittaa Pohjois-Euroopan karhupopulaatioiden geneettistä rakennetta ja monimuotoisuutta, sekä populaatioiden välisiä yhteyksiä huomioiden ajallinen ja maantieteellinen ulottuvuus. Bayesiläisen ryhmittelyanalyysin perusteella Pohjois-Euroopan karhut jakaantuvat useaan geneettiseen ryhmään. Suomen populaatiossa erottuivat eteläinen ja pohjoinen alapopulaatio. Analyysit geenivirran määrästä osoittivat, että Etelä-Suomen ja Länsi-Venäjän karhupopulaatiot ovat yhteneväisemmät, kun taas migraatio Skandinavian ja Pohjois-Suomen sekä Etelä-Suomen ja Länsi-Venäjän välillä vaikuttaisi olevan rajoittunutta. Suomesta, Venäjältä ja Pohjois-Norjasta tunnistetut alaryhmät olivat geneettisesti hyvin monimuotoisia, ja muuntelu oli korkeampaa kuin koskaan aiemmin karhuilla havaittu. Suomen karhupopulaation toipuessa ja levitessä pohjoiseen, geneettinen erilaistuminen maan sisällä on vähentynyt ja eteläisen alapopulaation monimuotoisuus kasvanut. Tämä viittaa populaation laajentumiseen etelästä käsin. Tulosten perusteella karhujen tulomuutto Venäjältä on yhä tärkeää Suomen populaatiolle. Suomen ja Venäjän karhupopulaatioiden yhteyttä Skandinavian karhupopulaatioihin tulisi seurata ja parantaa
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Granström, Sundgren Johanna. "Att arbeta där brunbjörnen lever : Påverkan vid ensamarbete i skogen." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105142.

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De som arbetar där brunbjörnen (Ursus arctos L.) lever riskerar att påverkas genom olycksfall och ohälsa, vilket kan leda till ett arbetsmiljöproblem. Björnpopulationen har efter upp- och nedgångar ökat senaste årtiondena vilket har ökat incidenterna. Syftet med studien var att kartlägga hur anställda som arbetar ensam till fots i fält inom skogsnäringen påverkas av björnens närvaro i skogen och att utreda vad som skulle kunna göra skogen till en säkrare arbetsplats genom att motverka ohälsa och olycksfall kopplat till björnens närvaro. En litteraturstudie och en enkätstudie gjordes för att uppfylla syftet. Resultatet av enkätstudien blev tvetydigt eftersom respondenterna var positivt inställda till björn trots att majoriteten kände sig illa till mods på grund av den. En kollega ansågs vara en trygghet trots att väldigt få var emot ensamarbete. Av respondenterna hade majoriteten varit med om minst ett björnmöte. Som slutsats; utbilda, förekom och försvara.
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Piédallu, Blaise. "Approche intégrative de la gestion des conflits homme-nature : le cas de l'ours brun en France." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT164/document.

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La conservation des populations animales autour desquelles existe une controverse passe entre autres par une compréhension de l’écologie de l’espèce, mais également par une analyse des attitudes humaines vis-à-vis de sa présence. Cependant, ces deux aspects sont rarement mobilisés ensemble au sein de travaux combinant sciences de l’environnement et sociologie. Nous proposons ici une étude portant sur la population d’ours brun (Ursus arctos) résidant dans les Pyrénées, intégrant à la fois dynamique de la population et de sa distribution, et une analyse de l’attitude des Pyrénéens vis-à-vis des plantigrades. Nous conduisons également une réflexion sur les méthodes à employer afin d’intégrer ces résultats au sein d’une approche socio-écologique. Nos modèles écologiques, qui utilisent des données de suivi obtenues dans le cadre d’un partenariat transfrontalier entre France, Andorre et Espagne, mettent en évidence une augmentation des effectifs et une réduction de la distribution de la population entre 2008 et 2014. Si ces conclusions ne semblent pas aller dans le sens d’une dégradation rapide de leur état de conservation, les ours pyrénéens restent menacés du fait de leurs faibles effectifs et du fort taux de consanguinité au sein de la population. Notre enquête sociologique, réalisée dans les communes sur lesquelles l’ours est ou a été présent entre 2008 et 2013, a mis en évidence une hétérogénéité spatiale dans l’attitude des habitants des Pyrénées sur la question de l’ours, avec notamment des variations significatives en fonction de leurs lieux de naissance et de résidence. Nous discutons ensuite d’une approche intégrant résultats de sociologie et d’écologie avec le but de créer un modèle pouvant servir d’outil à un responsable chargé de la gestion ou de la résolution du conflit, en analysant les méthodes à notre disposition, leurs avantages et leurs limites. Nous concluons sur l’intérêt des approches pluridisciplinaire dans la gestion des controverses autour de la conservation de populations animales
The conservation of controversial animal populations requires an understanding of the species’ ecology, but also an analysis of the human attitudes towards its presence. However, those two aspects are rarely studied together through a combination of environmental sciences and sociology. Here we study the brown bear (Ursus arctos) population residing in the Pyrenees mountains, analyzing both population dynamics and distribution, and the attitudes of Pyrenean people towards the species. We also ponder on the methods to use to combine these results in a socio-ecological approach. Our ecological models, which use monitoring data obtained through a crossborder partnership between France, Andorra and Spain, highlight an increase of population size and a reduction of its distribution between 2008 and 2014. If those conclusions do not seem to indicate a quick degradation of their conservation status, Pyrenean brown bears remain threatened by low numbers and high inbreeding in the population. A sociological study was performed in the municipalities where bear was or had been present between 2008 and 2013. We found spatial heterogeneity in the attitudes of Pyrenean people regarding bears, with significant variations depending on where they were born and where they currently live. We follow by discussing an approach that combines sociological and ecological results, with the goal of building a model that can be used as a tool for someone responsible for managing or solving the conflict; to do this, we analyze the methods available, their strengths and limits. We conclude on the importance of interdisciplinary approaches when managing controversies over wildlife conservation
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Книги з теми "Brown bear (Ursus arctos)"

1

Swenson, Jon E. Action plan for the conservation of the brown bear in Europe (Ursus arctos). Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 2000.

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2

Bear attacks: Their causes and avoidance. Toronto: M&S, 2003.

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3

Herrero, Stephen. Bear attacks: Their causes and avoidance. New York, NY: Nick Lyons Books/Winchester Press, 1985.

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Bear attacks: Their causes and avoidance. New York: Lyons & Burford Publishers, 1985.

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5

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service., ed. Grizzly bear: Ursus arctos horribilis. [Washingon, D.C.?]: The Service, 1995.

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6

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service., ed. Grizzly bear: Ursus arctos horribilis. [Washingon, D.C.?]: The Service, 1995.

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7

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, ed. Grizzly bear: Ursus arctos horribilis. [Washingon, D.C.?]: The Service, 1995.

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8

Batmȯnkhiĭn, Mizhiddorzh. Goviĭn baavgaĭ - Mazaalaĭ: Ursus arctos gobiensis. Ulaanbaatar: Admon Print, 2013.

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9

Mattson, David J. Causes and consequences of dietary differences among Yellowstone grizzly bears (Ursus arctos). S.l: s.n., 2000.

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10

Gibson, Lea. Estimating the potential for grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horriblis) recovery in the North Cascades ecosystem of Washington State. Bellingham, WA: Huxley College of Environmental Science, Western Washington University, 2003.

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Частини книг з теми "Brown bear (Ursus arctos)"

1

Swenson, Jon E., Paolo Ciucci, Đuro Huber, Vincenzo Penteriani, and Andreas Zedrosser. "Brown Bear Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758." In Handbook of the Mammals of Europe, 1–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65038-8_147-1.

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2

Mannermaa, Kristiina, Tuija Kirkinen, and Suvi Viranta-Kovanen. "Zooarchaeological brown bear (Ursus arctos) finds in eastern Fennoscandia." In Bear and Human, 235–64. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.tane-eb.5.134336.

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Schmölcke, Ulrich. "The history of the brown bear (Ursus arctos L. ) in the northern German lowlands." In Bear and Human, 265–90. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.tane-eb.5.134337.

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Eisenberg, Cristina. "Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos)." In The Carnivore Way, 83–111. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-208-2_5.

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Gustavsson, Rudolf, and John Ljungkvist. "Claws in Late Iron Age graves (c. 550-1100 CE) and bones in a castle (post 1500) - Ursus arctos in the Åland archipelago." In Bear and Human, 469–88. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.tane-eb.5.134346.

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Strehlau, Hannah. "The occurrence of Ursus arctos in relation to other faunal remains in burials during the Late Iron Age (560/70-1050 CE) in Uppland, Sweden." In Bear and Human, 417–28. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.tane-eb.5.134343.

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7

Thompson, Daniel J., and Thomas J. Ryder. "Large Carnivores." In Rangeland Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, 829–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34037-6_24.

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AbstractFollowing historical efforts to eradicate them, large carnivores including gray wolves (Canis lupus), mountain lions (Puma concolor), black bears (Ursus americanus), and grizzly bears (U. arctos), have demonstrated an ability to recover across rangeland habitats in western North America during the last 50 years. While former distributions of these species were greatly reduced by the early-1960s, all are exhibiting range expansion and population increase across much (e.g., mountain lion and black bear) or portions (e.g., wolf and grizzly bear) of their historical range. This recovery of large carnivores in western landscapes has led to increased conflict with humans and a greater need for science-based management strategies by agencies with statutory responsibility for wildlife conservation. As conflict potential with large carnivores has increased, so have proactive and reactive conflict management programs for those impacted by large carnivores. Imperative to any successful large carnivore conflict mitigation is a focused outreach and education program for those who live, work, and recreate in habitats where wolves, mountain lions, and bears occur. Managers are continually evaluating the challenges and realities of intact large carnivore guilds within rangeland settings. Research and monitoring furthers our understanding and efficacy of management strategies for large carnivores now and into the future, striving to build on knowledge regarding the intricacies of population dynamics among predators and prey, including domestic species and humans.
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Swenson, Jon E., Hüseyin Ambarlı, Jon M. Arnemo, Leonid Baskin, Paolo Ciucci, Pjotr I. Danilov, Miguel Delibes, et al. "Brown Bear (Ursus arctos; Eurasia)." In Bears of the World, 139–61. Cambridge University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108692571.013.

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Haroldson, Mark A., Melanie Clapham, Cecily C. Costello, Kerry A. Gunther, Katherine C. Kendall, Sterling D. Miller, Karine E. Pigeon, et al. "Brown Bear (Ursus arctos; North America)." In Bears of the World, 162–95. Cambridge University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108692571.014.

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Yalden, D. W. "The problems of reintroducing carnivores." In Mammals as Predators, 289–306. Oxford University PressOxford, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198540670.003.0015.

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Abstract The problems of reintroducing an animal to parts of its former range are formidable. They include a reversal of the factors causing the original extinction; provision of a suitable stock of animals for the reintroduction; and adequate resources, human and financial, to persevere with the reintroduction programme until it has had a reasonable chance of success. Experience with large carnivores suggests that the problems are potentially more severe for them, partly because they are large and engender severe human antipathy, partly because their social structure raises extra difficulties. Nevertheless, there have been very few serious attempts to overcome the problems; in particular few attempts have persevered. The successful efforts to reintroduce the lynx Lynx lynx to central Europe provide an encouraging model, which should be applied to the even rarer (in western Europe) wolf Canis lupus and brown bear Ursus arctos.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Brown bear (Ursus arctos)"

1

Kokolova, L. M. "Brown bear Dirofilaria ursi (ursus arctos arctos) in Yakutia." In Scientific dialogue: Medical issues. TsNK MOAN, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/sciencepublic-15-07-2019-06.

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GUSKOV, V. YU. "GENETIC DIVERSITY OF MARGINAL POPULATIONS OF TWO BEARS SPECIES: BROWN BEAR URSUS ARCTOS LINNAEUS, 1758 AND ASIAN BLACK BEAR URSUS THIBETANUS G. CUVIER, 1823." In 5TH MOSCOW INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE "MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICSAND BIODIVERSITY BIOBANKING". TORUS PRESS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30826/molphy2018-20.

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3

Bogner, Emily L., Blaine Schubert, and Joshua X. Samuels. "DENTAL MEASUREMENTS IN BLACK BEARS (URSUS AMERICANUS) AND BROWN BEARS (URSUS ARCTOS): DISTINGUISHING THE SPECIES THROUGH TIME AND SPACE." In 67th Annual Southeastern GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018se-313078.

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Parres, Aida, Santiago Palazón, Laura Xicola, Pierre-Yves Quenette, Jerome Sentilles, Jean-Jacques Camarra, Ivan Afonso, et al. "Activity Patterns of the Reintroduced Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) in the Pyrenees Estimated by Photo-trapping Camera." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/108128.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Brown bear (Ursus arctos)"

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Farley, Sean D., Herman Griese, Rick Sinnott, Jessica Coltrane, Chris Garner, and Dave Battle. Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) Habitat Use and Food Resources on Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada480156.

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2

Huijser, MP, J. W. Duffield, C. Neher, A. P. Clevenger, and T. Mcguire. Final Report 2022: Update and expansion of the WVC mitigation measures and their cost-benefit model. Nevada Department of Transportation, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/ndot2022.10.

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This report contains an update and an expansion of a cost-benefit model for wildlife-vehicle collisions and associated mitigation measures along highways, that was originally calculated in 2007 US$ and published in 2009. The direct cost values (vehicle repair, human injuries, human fatalities) were updated for deer, elk, and moose, and expanded by including additional species: gray wolf (Canis lupus), grizzly bear (Ursus arctos), and free ranging or feral domesticated species including cattle, horse, and burro. The costs associated with collisions were also expanded by including passive use, or nonuse values associated with the conservation value of selected wild animal species. The total costs (in 2020 US$) associated with a collision with deer, elk and moose were about 2-3 times (direct costs only) or about 3-4 times higher (direct costs and passive use values combined) compared to the values in 2007 US$. The passive use costs associated with threatened species (wolf, grizzly bear) were higher or much higher than the direct costs. The costs associated with mitigation measures (especially fences and wildlife crossing structures) were also updated and supplemented with new data. New cost-benefit analyses generated updated or entirely new threshold values for deer, elk, moose, and grizzly bear. If collisions with these large wild mammal species reach or surpass the threshold values, it is economically defensible to install the associated type and combination of mitigation measures, both based on direct use and passive use parameters and their associated values. The trend in increasing costs associated with vehicle repair costs, costs associated with human injuries and fatalities, and through including passive use values for wildlife is that we learn that the implementation of effective mitigation measures can be considered earlier and more readily than based on the cost-benefit model published in 2009.
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