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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Bridge"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 1 серпня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Bridge"

Chen, Jihao, Shun Bo Zhao, and Ji Tao Yao. "The Connection Form of New-Built and Existing Bridge Effect on Transverse Distribution of Vehicle Load." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 3008–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3008.

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Connection the upper components and disconnection the other components is widely used in the expressway hollow slab bridge widening and reconstruction. How to design the transverse joint between newly-built and existing bridges is a key problem in the renovation of prestressed concrete bridges. In this paper, combined with a freeway widening project, 2 kinds of different connection forms were compared by their transverse distribution influence lines, which were calculated by finite element method. The results show that the new and old bridges are working together after widening, which makes vehicle loads of the slabs of the old bridge are reduced, especially the side slab of old bride which was next to the slab of newly-built bridge dropped by nearly 50%. So the bridge widening strengthens the safety of old bridge. And the weak connection of the bridge is always the connection of newly-built bridge and existing bridge, which is accorded with practical situation. So the particular attention should be given to the connection. It provides a basis for widening the old bridge and a reference for widening and maintenance the same kind of bridges.

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Greenfield, Tina M., and Eugene S. Takle. "Bridge Frost Prediction by Heat and Mass Transfer Methods." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 45, no. 3 (March 1, 2006): 517–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jam2356.1.

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Abstract Frost on roadways and bridges can present hazardous conditions to motorists, particularly when it occurs in patches or on bridges when adjacent roadways are clear of frost. To minimize materials costs, vehicle corrosion, and negative environmental impacts, frost-suppression chemicals should be applied only when, where, and in the appropriate amounts needed to maintain roadways in a safe condition for motorists. Accurate forecasts of frost onset times, frost intensity, and frost disappearance (e.g., melting or sublimation) are needed to help roadway maintenance personnel decide when, where, and how much frost-suppression chemical to use. A finite-difference algorithm (BridgeT) has been developed that simulates vertical heat transfer in a bridge based on evolving meteorological conditions at its top and bottom as supplied by a weather forecast model. BridgeT simulates bridge temperatures at numerous points within the bridge (including its upper and lower surface) at each time step of the weather forecast model and calculates volume per unit area (i.e., depth) of deposited, melted, or sublimed frost. This model produces forecasts of bridge surface temperature, frost depth, and bridge condition (i.e., dry, wet, icy/snowy). Bridge frost predictions and bridge surface temperature are compared with observed and measured values to assess BridgeT's skill in forecasting bridge frost and associated conditions.

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Mohandas G.V and Sitansu k.Panda. "Hair pin bends of epicardial coronary arteries - a unique feature in multiple myocardial bridges." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 3 (July 26, 2019): 2250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i3.1460.

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Myocardial bridge(MB) is an anatomical variant. Sometimes MB can cause compression over the coronary arteries and causes ischemic heart diseases.MB associated with bends of coronary arteries double the risk of coronary artery disease. So the present study aimed to find out the incidence of bends of the coronary artery along with the myocardial bridging. 100 heart specimens were obtained from routine dissection conducted for undergraduate students in the department of Anatomy IMS & SUM Hospital Bhubaneswar. After the simple dissecting procedure, epicardial coronary arteries, their branches and myocardial bridges and hairpin bends of coronary arteries were observed. Myocardial bridges present 41 (41%) over Left anterior descending artery(LAD) only.Among 41 hearts single myocardial bridge present in 37((90.25%) hearts, double myocardial bridge were present in 3((7.31%) hearts and triple myocardial bridges present in only one heart(2.44%). Hairpin bends of the coronary artery were present in double and triple myocardial bridged hearts only. No hairpin bends of the coronary artery was observed in the single myocardial bridge. Hair pin bends of the coronary arteries are the unique features of the myocardial bridges in multiple myocardial bridges, i.e. double and triple myocardial bridges. However, hairpin bends of coronary arteries were absent in single myocardial bridged hearts.

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Tasnic, Mihail, and Ilia Catereniuc. "Some morphological aspects of myocardial bridges." Moldovan Medical Journal 64, no. 2 (May 2021): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52418/moldovan-med-j.64-2.21.11.

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Background: Myocardial bridges are variants of the intramyocardial position of the coronary arteries. In the specialty literature, hot topics in cardiovascular field are myocardial infarction and non-obstructive coronary artery disease with frequent connection with myocardial bridges. Material and methods: The morphological study was based on the analysis of 200 human hearts and fragments of coronary arteries. The retrospective study was focused on the analysis of 6168 coronary angiography reports, to identify patients with myocardial bridges, their preferred location, the degree of systolic stenosis, the association between myocardial bridges and proximal to bridge and under the bridge coronary atherosclerosis. Results: The complete myocardial bridges were described in 62% of the analyzed hearts and only in 5.3% of the total number of studied coronarographies. In the majority of cases, the complete myocardial bridges covered the anterior interventricular branch. The degree of subpontine arterial systolic stenosis varied within 10-95%. The comparative study did not determine any correlations between the degree of subpontine vascular compression and the degree of the left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy. In 32% of cases were described proximal to bridge atherosclerotic plaques and only in one case (0.5%) – distal to bridge atherosclerotic plaques, located immediately under the bridge. Conclusions: The research findings underline the differences in anatomical and angiographic incidence of myocardial bridges, and the inability of all bridges to reduce the lumen of under bridged artery. Current study emphasizes attention to the topography of bridges, the correlation with ventricular hypertrophy and coronary atherosclerosis.

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Maryono and Eka Juliar. "METODE PLAKSANAAN PEKERJAAN SLAB PADA JEMBATAN CILUTUNG DI KEC. TOMO KAB. SUMEDANG." SEMINAR TEKNOLOGI MAJALENGKA (STIMA) 7 (September 27, 2023): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31949/stima.v7i0.882.

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Cilutung Bridge is one of the bridges located on Jalan Raya Tolengas, Tolengas, Tomo District, Sumedang Regency. Bridges have various types of bridges, namely girder bridges, arch bridges, truss bridges, suspension bridges. The bridge component is divided into two, namely the superstructure and the substructure. The structure of the bridge generally includes: sidewalks, vehicle floor slabs, girders, diaphragm beams, and platforms. The structure under the bridge generally includes: the base of the bridge (abutments), bridge pillars (piers) and foundations. The bridge slab is a horizontal structural element that functions to distribute dead and live loads to the vertical support frame of a structural system. The stages of implementing the bridge slab work are 1. Preparatory work, 2. Steel bridge deck installation, 3. Steel bridge deck grouting work, 4. Cantilever slab formwork assembly, 5. Slab and parapet reinforcement assembly, 6. Cantilever slab formwork installation, 7. Check completeness and measurement, 8. Bridge slab reinforcement installation, 9. Bridge parapet reinforcement installation, 10. Bridge slab formwork installation 11. Measurement, 12. Block out deck drain installation, 13. Bridge slab floor cleaning, 14. Inspection, 15. Bridge slab casting, 16. Slump and quality check, 17. Formwork demolition work, 18. Maintenance and tidiness.

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Xiang, Zhong Fu, and Yong Zeng. "Chongqing Bridge and its Combination Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 147 (December 2011): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.147.45.

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A brief introduction is given about the history and current situation of Chongqing Bridge. Several combination bridges are introduced in detail about structure characteristic and innovation: Chongqing Wushan Yangtze River Bridge--steel tube- concrete composite arch bridge; Twinning of Chongqing Yangtze River Bridge--steel-concrete composite rigid frame bridge; Chaotianmen Yangtze River Bridge --steel truss - arch composite bridge; Caiyuanba Yangtze River Bridge --Rigid Frame - Tied Arch Bridge.

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Abdillah, Rifqi Aulia, Sholihin As’ad, and Senot Sangadji. "Allocation Priority Determination System for Provincial Bridge Maintenance Fund in Special Region of Yogyakarta By Examining Physical Conditions, Operational Cost and Volume of Traffic." International Journal of Science and Applied Science: Conference Series 2, no. 1 (December 10, 2017): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/ijsascs.v2i1.16732.

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The maintenance of bridges is relatively expensive. Those may lead the maintenance program into a classical problem which is limited of the fund. Therefore, the priority level of bridges maintenance is needed in order to attain an effective and efficient fund usage toward prevalent condition of every bridges in Special Region of Yogyakarta. The objective of this research was to provide the maintenance fund for provincial bridges in Special Region of Yogyakarta. The research covered 10 bridges in Special Region of Yogyakarta. The Assessments method for bridge physical condition was based on guide of Bridge Management System (BMS). As the bridge physical condition was known, the maintenance measure and its needed maintenance cost can be determined. The allocation of fund for each bridge was calculated based on Dynamic Programming Method. The result can be draw that by 5 million rupiah the maintenance fund for each of those 10 bridge of Yogyakarta Special Region is 5 million rupiah for Demak Ijo Bridge, 13 million rupiah for Bedingin Bridge, 10 million rupiah for Denggung Bridge, 5 million rupiah for Ngentak Bridge, 5 million rupiah for Karang Semut Bridge, 8 million rupiah for 2rd Kronggahan Bridge, 7 million rupiah for Besi Bridge, 8 million rupiah for Cebongan Bridge, 2 million rupiah for Kembang Songo Bridge, 2 million rupiah for 1st Kronggahan Bridge. Those allocation system provide 78,7% an average percentage on provincial bridges in Special Region of Yogyakarta.

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Sukenik, Shahar, Yoav Boyarski та Daniel Harries. "Effect of salt on the formation of salt-bridges in β-hairpin peptides". Chem. Commun. 50, № 60 (2014): 8193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc03195d.

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The formation of salt-bridges in β-hairpin peptides is measured in increasing salt concentrations, indicating a decrease in the salt-bridged population due to charge–charge screening, as well as non-cooperative salt-bridge triads.

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Yan, Bin, Wenfei Kuang, Rui Gan, Haoran Xie, and Jie Huang. "Track–Bridge Interaction of CWR on Chinese Large-Span Bridge of High-Speed Railway." Applied Sciences 12, no. 18 (September 10, 2022): 9100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12189100.

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The track–bridge interaction is a fundamental concern in the field of railway engineering, which plays an important role in the optimization design of railway bridges, especially for heavy-haul railway and high-speed railway bridges. This paper systematically introduces the research status of the CWR track–bridge interaction for large-span bridges of high-speed railway in China. The evolution process of the track–bridge interaction model from the simplest elastic bar and linear longitudinal resistance model to the complex beam–rail interaction model considering the loading history is described. In this paper, the modeling methods of the track–bridge interaction model for five types of long-span railway bridges, namely simply supported beam bridge, continuous beam bridge, cable-stayed bridge, arch bridge, and suspension bridge, are systematically introduced, and the characteristics of longitudinal force distribution under the track–bridge interaction are analyzed. This paper discusses the practical application of the theory of the track–bridge interaction on extra-large-span bridges from the aspects of system dynamic performance evaluation and system safety evaluation. The practical application of track–bridge interaction theory under special conditions such as earthquake load, complex temperature load, shrinkage and creep load, and superposition of multiple loads is emphasized. It provides guidance for the further improvement of the track–bridge interaction model and the design of large-span high-speed railway bridges in the future.

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Marasabessy, Erwin. "IMPLEMENTATION OF BRIDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ON INTERURBAN BRIDGE IN MALUKU PROVINCE." Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum 1, no. 2 (July 16, 2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jcef.23999.

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Bridges as transport infrastructures play a vital role in smoothing traffic flows. The success of a bridge in playing its role and serving its function depends on its management. The Directorate General of Highways of the Ministry of Public Work has used a system to manage bridges known as the Bridge Management System (BMS). The system allows a systematic plan and provides a uniform procedure for all bridge operation activities on the national and provincial level. Data from Implementation Agency of National Inter-Urban Roads of Area IX, Northern Maluku in 2011 indicates that the total length of national roads in Maluku Province is 15,238.01 M, with a total of 562 bridges. In Ambon Island, especially, there are 52 bridges totaling 1,176.25 m in length. The study was conducted at several inter-urban bridges in Maluku Province of Ambon Island: Wai Batu Merah, Wai Ruhu, Wai Lawa, Wai Yari and Wai Tua bridges. Assessment of bridge structure conditions was conducted visually to determine the conditions of the existing bridges comprehensively by referring to the Bridge Management System (BMS) complemented with a computer-based Bridge Management Information System (BMIS). Condition scores for the five bridges—Wai Batu Merah, Wai Ruhu, Wai Lawa, Wai Yari, and Wai Tua, according to Bridge Management System, are 2, 1, 2, 1, and 2 respectively. The scores of the five bridges indicate that their physical condition can be categorized as good or with minor defects. Based on technical screening, the proposed treatment for Wai Batu Merah, Wai Ruhu, Wai Lawa, dan Wai Tua bridges is the rehabilitation of their sub-elements. As for the Wai Yari Bridge, the treatment will be maintained regularly. The defect repair costs are IDR 149,138,238.00, IDR 81,048,000.00, IDR 174,579,106.10, IDR 79,233,324.01 and IDR 238,323,258.60 for Wai Batu, Wai Ruhu, Wai Lawa, Wai Yari, and Wai Tua Bridges, respectively.

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Дисертації з теми "Bridge"

Nelson, James Lee. "Behavior of GFRP Bridge Decks for Highway Bridges." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12022005-144948/.

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This research presents the results of an experimental program undertaken at the North Carolina State University (NCSU) Constructed Facilities Laboratory (CFL) to evaluate the performance of a new innovative glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bridge deck. This bridge deck is produced commercially by Martin Marietta Composites of Raleigh, NC under the trade name of DuraSpan. The experimental program involved examining the behavior of 5.00 inch deep and 7.66 inch deep DuraSpan bridge deck profiles. The program included numerous quasi-static flexural tests, testing of connection details to facilitate the development of a railing system, evaluation of the performance of the bond lines in negative moment regions, and an evaluation of the coefficient of thermal expansion. A finite element model was developed to predict the stiffness of the bridge deck at service load levels. Finite element optimization techniques were used in conjunction with coupon test data and the large scale flexural test data to calibrate the model.

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Krajewski, Joseph E. "Bridge inspection and interferometry." Link to electronic thesis, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050406-092613/.

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Odeh, Beesan. "Bridge." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1558963376997409.

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Ding, Qiang. "Buffeting analysis of cable-supported bridges under turbulent wind in time domain /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21106538.

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Ross, Justin Henry. "Evaluating ultimate bridge capacity through destructive testing of decommissioned bridges." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 154 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1338919151&sid=8&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (M.C.E.)--University of Delaware, 2007.
Principal faculty advisors: Michael J. Chajes and Jennifer Righman McConnell, Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering. Includes bibliographical references.

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Mousavi, Marjan. "Life Cycle Assessment of Portland Cement and Concrete Bridge : Concrete Bridge vs. Wooden Bridge." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122462.

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Today global warming mitigation, natural resource conservation and energy saving are some of the significant concerns of different industries, such as cement and concrete industries. For that reason, a streamlined life cycle assessment (LCA) model of one ton of a Portland cement, CEM I produced in Cementa AB’s Degerhamn plant, has been developed by using the LCA software KCL-ECO. LCA is a tool that identifies in which stages of a product’s life cycle the most environmental burdens occur. The environmental analysis was limited to identify total energy consumption and total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per ton of Portland cement. Results show that the most significant energy consumption and CO2 emissions are related to clinker kiln, due to the process of calcination of limestone and fuel combustion in the kiln. Of total CO2 emissions, 52 % and 46 % result from the calcination process and fuel combustion respectively. One of the applications of CEM I is in construction of concrete bridges. Therefore an LCA model of a concrete bridge located north of Stockholm was developed in KCL-ECO. Environmental indicators calculated are: total CO2 emissions and energy consumption through the entire life cycle of the bridge. CO2 uptake or carbonation of the concrete during the service life of the product and end of life treatment is one of the advantages of concrete products. During the carbonation process, some of the total CO2 released from calcination will be absorbed into the concrete. Results indicate that production of raw materials and transports during the life cycle of the concrete bridge, are main contributors to total CO2 emissions. Among raw materials, cement production has the highest CO2 emissions. Energy consumption is mainly related to concrete and concrete products production. CO2 uptake during the use phase of the bridge is small compared to total CO2 emissions from calcination. Furthermore, the results show that different waste handling practises result in different CO2 uptake behaviours. The total CO2 uptake from crushing and storing of the demolished concrete (scenario 1) and landfilling of the demolished concrete (scenario 2) is 10 % and 5 % of the total CO2 emissions from calcination respectively. Since comparison of different construction materials from an environmental point of view is always desirable, the LCA tool was used to compare the total energy consumption and the CO2 emissions from a concrete bridge and a wooden bridge. The functional unit was defined as 1 square meter of bridge surface area, since the bridges were of different sizes and shapes. In this comparison the total emissions and energy consumption were much higher for the concrete bridge than for the wooden bridge. In order to show how different assumptions could affect the results, a virtual concrete bridge with the same shape and size as the wooden bridge was designed and compared with the wooden bridge. The functional unit selected for this case was one bridge. In this case the virtual concrete bridge requires less energy, while the wooden bridge emits less CO2 to the atmosphere. For the wooden bridge, CO2 in growing forests was included, which could be debated. Overall, a comparison of the environmental performance of the wooden bridge and the concrete bridges was more complex than initially expected and great care is recommended in choosing material and application. With concrete, the design (and quantity of material used) seems to be a very sensitive parameter and may result in much larger energy used and CO2 emissions than a wooden bridge. On the other hand, the virtual bridge comparison showed that concrete advantages such as higher durability and lower maintenance may be theoretically combined with a comparable energy and climate performance as a wooden alternative.

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Chan, Tai-fung Sandy. "Landscape evaluation for Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4266455X.

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Thesis (M. L. A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009.
Includes special report study entitled: The aesthetic design of road and bridge landscapes. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

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Butler, Hiroko Y. "Bridge & non-bridge verb asymmetries in Japanese." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1116615143.

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Donnée, Nicole Elizabeth Hughes Mary Leigh. "Automated screening tool for the stability of highway bridges subject to scour." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Civil_Engineering/Thesis/Donnee_Nicole_6.pdf.

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Chang, Hung Yuan. "Bridge DNA." Thesis, Rochester Institute of Technology, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10822889.

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This thesis work centers on the relationship between bridge structure, construction methods and timberwork, coming from the processes of design and manufacturing. In this thesis, I intend to discover and develop different characteristics of different structures and materials and create works that are visually powerful using different visual languages. I began to learn about bridge design after I started working full time after graduating from university. During that period I was involved in the creation of several bridge designs and obtained experience as a builder. The bridge that I helped to design and build during that period is still one of the largest and most important works for me. Since the experience was so influential I planned to apply that exceptional experience in designing furniture and creating unique works in my graduate program.

In my work, the process of research and design is as follows: 1. Start with the foundations of bridge structure. 2. Ensure reasonable structure is embedded into design. 3. Receive feedback, determine problems and limitations. 4. Continue designing and find the best ways to settle problems and address limitations. 5. Develop structural forms and apply them to the next projects.

Through my thesis work, I carried out interactive creation through observing, investigating and probing the possibilities of applying different bridge structures to the building of furniture.

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Книги з теми "Bridge"

Parliament, Scotland. Erskine Bridge tolls Act 2001. Edinburgh: Stationery Office, 2001.

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Fuente, Ana María de la and Mateo Elsa, eds. Mrs. Bridge: Mr Bridge. Barcelona: Seix Barral, 2011.

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Investigation, New York (State) Temporary Commission of. The collapse of the Schoharie Creek Bridge: New York State's inadequate bridge inspection program. New York, N.Y: The Commission, 1987.

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Reese, Terence. Bridge. Lincolnwood (Chicago), Ill: NTC Pub. Group, 1992.

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Han-sook, Chung. Bridge. Seoul, Korea: Dong-suh-Munhak-sa, Inc., 1990.

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Franchino, Vicky. Bridge. Ann Arbor, Mich: Cherry Lake Pub., 2009.

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Galt, David. Bridge. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley Pub., 2008.

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David, Bird. Bridge. Chicago, IL: McGraw-Hill, 2004.

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Bridge Bridge Bridge Bridge. Independently Published, 2018.

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Bridges, Golden Gate Bridge. Klett, 2000.

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Частини книг з теми "Bridge"

Nesteruk, Dmitri. "Bridge." In Design Patterns in .NET Core 3, 125–31. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6180-4_8.

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Nesteruk, Dmitri. "Bridge." In Design Patterns in Modern C++, 99–105. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-3603-1_7.

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Chung, Carlo. "Bridge." In Pro Objective-C Design Patterns for iOS, 127–35. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-3331-2_9.

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Dockins, Kelt. "Bridge." In Design Patterns in PHP and Laravel, 63–69. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-2451-9_10.

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Weik, Martin H. "bridge." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 146. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_1854.

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Hesse, Nils. "Bridge." In Spielend gewinnen, 141–45. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-04441-1_30.

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Nesteruk, Dmitri. "Bridge." In Design Patterns in .NET, 121–29. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-4366-4_8.

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Hunt, John. "Bridge." In Scala Design Patterns, 215–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02192-8_27.

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Nesteruk, Dmitri. "Bridge." In Design Patterns in .NET 6, 159–66. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-8245-8_8.

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Nesteruk, Dmitri. "Bridge." In Design Patterns in Modern C++20, 135–41. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-7295-4_7.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Bridge"

Li, Ying. "Conspectus of Bridge Criticism." In IABSE Congress, Stockholm 2016: Challenges in Design and Construction of an Innovative and Sustainable Built Environment. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/stockholm.2016.0742.

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The study on bridge criticism is an interdisciplinary research of the theory of bridge engineering, architectural criticism, art criticism and bridge aesthetics. It is an important part of design theory of bridges. Generally speaking, bridge criticism is the identification and evaluation of creative thoughts of bridges, the design of bridges, the process of bridge construction and service, and the social individual and public using of bridges. This research focuses on the forming process, operating model, characteristics and value of bridge criticism. The main research contents include axiology, subjectivity theory, semiotics and methodology of bridge criticism. Based on theories of bridge criticism, this paper comes up with an evaluation method of urban bridges.

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ZHANG, XIN, MANUEL SALMERON, BENJAMIN E. WOGEN, XIAOYU LIU, LISSETTE ITURBURU, and SHIRLEY DYKE. "REINFORCEMENT LEARNING-BASED BRIDGE INSPECTION MANAGEMENT." In Structural Health Monitoring 2023. Destech Publications, Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/shm2023/36975.

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Biannual inspections are required to assess the physical and functional condition of our nation’s bridges. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and various Departments of Transportation (DOT) in the United States periodically update specifications and techniques to normalize and advance the bridge inspection procedures. However, some ambiguity remains in these inspection requirements. One relevant example relates to inspection intervals and techniques. Currently, FHWA requires routine bridge inspection at least every two years, and if necessary, inspectors can adjust the inspection frequency. The details of how one would adjust the inspection frequency is not specified. And while many advanced techniques, e.g., ultrasonic surface wave and AI-based image inspection methods, can be applied to inspect bridges, the rationale to use these techniques relies on bridge inspectors’ experience. This study focuses on developing a reinforcement learning-based method to assist inspectors in managing bridge inspection planning. In this method, a reinforcement learning algorithm is utilized to optimize the frequency of inspection and the selection of the inspection method. A physics-based damage development model is utilized to simulate the deterioration process of the bridge. The reward function designed in the reinforcement learning process considers both economic cost and inspection plan risk. After training, the reinforcement learning agent can rapidly determine an optimal bridge inspection policy based on a bridge’s state, which can minimize both the cost and the risk of bridge inspection work. Thus, inspectors can refer to this agent to make a specific inspection plan for each bridge based on a bridge’s design, history, and features.

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Abaza, Hussein, Amaal Shenawa, and Scott Semmelink. "Using Radiant Heating System to Prevent Bridge Freezing." In ASME 2023 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2023 17th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2023-105739.

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Abstract Bridge freezing before roads is a major concern in cold climates as it is a major cause for road accidents. Several active systems were made to prevent bridge surface freezing. These systems include several automated and complex systems such as automatic anti-freeze spray, using phase change materials in the concrete bridge’s deck, and imbedding heating system in bridge’s decks. These systems are usually expensive to run and operate and some of these systems have negative impact on the environment. This research investigates using radiant heaters for maintaining the concrete temperature within the required limits. Several passive and active methods are used to maintain concrete temperature above the that of the adjacent road. Radiant heaters provide direct, instantaneous, and uniform heating to the bridge surface. The Infrared radiant heating method was tested using an environmental control chamber. Two concrete samples were placed in the climate chamber that simulates cold weather. Thermocouples were used to record the surface temperature, the middle of the concrete samples’ temperature and the bottom of the samples’ temperature. Infrared camera was also used to measure and verify the concrete surface temperatures. The data analysis showed that concrete surface temperature dropped quickly and become significantly lower than the ambient temperature in the absence of solar radiation. However, introducing radiant heating brings the concrete surface temperature and the core temperature of the concrete samples to the required temperature in a short period of time. A comparison between this research results and other research that investigated the performance of other freezing prevention methods showed that using radiant heating to prevent bridge freezing is effective, economical, and can be applied to existing bridges.

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Bento, Ana Margarida, Andreia Gomes, Teresa Viseu, Lúcia Couto, and João Pedro Pêgo. "Assessment of Scour Risk in Hydraulic Infrastructures. A Bridge Case Study." In IABSE Symposium, Prague 2022: Challenges for Existing and Oncoming Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/prague.2022.1366.

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The scouring phenomenon can pose a serious threaten to bridge serviceability and users' safety, as well. In extreme circumstances, it can lead to the bridge's structural collapse. Despite efforts to reduce the scour's unfavorable effects in the vicinity of bridge foundations, this issue remains a significant challenge. Many uncertainties affect the design process of bridge foundations, namely the associated hydrological and hydraulic parameters. Past and recent flood records strengthen bridges' vulnerability by reducing scouring estimation uncertainties. Therefore, the present study applies a semi-quantitative methodology of scour risk assessmentto a Portuguese bridge case study, accounting for those uncertainties. The risk-based methodology comprises three main steps towards the assignment of the bridge's scour risk rating. The methodology constitutes a potential key tool for risk management activities, assisting bridge's owners and managers in decision-making.

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Vestman, Victor, Peter Collin, Robert Hällmark, and Magnús Arason. "Monitoring of a Norwegian steel-concrete bridge strengthening for composite action." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.1709.

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Traffic density and vehicle weight have been increasing over time, which implies that many existing road bridges were not designed for the high service loads and the increased number of load cycles that they are exposed to today. One way to increase the traffic load capacity of non-composite steel- concrete bridges is to use post-install shear connectors and one type of shear connector is the coiled spring pin. This type of connector has advantages for strengthening of existing bridges, since it enables an installation from below while the bridge is still in service and does not bring along removal of concrete and pavement, nor welding to the top flange.This paper describes one ~50 years old Norwegian single span steel-concrete bridge that was strengthened with post-installed coiled spring pins. The strengthening method and the design procedure are presented, along with the results from a field monitoring on Sagstu bridge, performed to evaluate the behaviour of the strengthened structure. The results show that the coiled spring pins counteract the slip and bring along a very good degree of composite action.

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Bougacha, Samir, Hongwei Cai, Jeffry Booher, and Marshall Newlin. "Rational Analysis for Understanding Skewed Steel Bridge Cross-Frame Behavior." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1371.

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The design of skewed I-girder steel bridges is common throughout the country. Such bridges have been fabricated and constructed and have generally performed well. Where issues have been encountered, they were primarily related to bridge construction and, quite often to the torsional behavior of the severely skewed bridge superstructure. Until recently, there have been few analysis and design guidelines available to the structural designer on the construction engineering of the skewed I-girder bridges. AASHTO [1] specifies that the contract documents should state the fit condition for which the cross frames are detailed for I-girder bridges. Recommendations are also provided for the estimation of the cross frame locked-in forces. This paper presents a case study in a fit-up analysis of multi-span skewed I-girder steel bridge using 3D finite element method modeling. Fit-up analysis was carried out to evaluate girder’s web distortions, determine the cross- frames locked-in forces and compare them to the recent AASHTO’s recommendations. The paper should provide designers with a more detailed understanding of a bridge’s behavior in this condition as compared with the more generalized recommendations from AASHTO guidelines.

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Virlogeux, Michel, Jean-François Klein, Thierry Delémont, Laurent Gaudry, and Emilie Bellanger. "Hybrid solution for the 1915 Canakkale Bridge." In IABSE Symposium, Istanbul 2023: Long Span Bridges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/istanbul.2023.0783.

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The name “Hybrid Bridges” is intended to apply to bridges which are a combination of both a suspended bridge (with parabolic main cables and hangers) and cable stayed bridges. The 3rd Bosphorus Bridge (Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge) is one of the few modern hybrid bridges built in the recent years. The choice of a hybrid solution was mainly motivated by the requirements related to a railway bridge (loads, allowed deformations, etc.) in relation with an elegant streamlined bridge deck. At early stages of the 1915 Çanakkale Bridge project, we have studied both a classical suspended solution and an hybrid proposal. Although the requirements and constraints are very different from the 3rd Bosphorus Bridge, the hybrid bridge solution turned out to be competitive in terms of costs and construction schedule. The aim of the paper will be to recall the reasons that lead to the hybrid solution for the 3rd Bosphorus Bridge and then compare the suspended and hybrid solutions for the 1915 Çanakkale Bridge.

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Bouvet, Caroline, Thierry Delémont, and Pierre Moïa. "Lanciau Bridge – First spatial tubular truss railway bridge." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2767.

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The old Lanciau bridge, constructed in 1904, needed to be replaced by a new bridge which would allow for a continuous ballasted track.The new bridge was designed with a view to maintaining the spirit of the old one by keeping a truss structure, while modernizing it both from the point of view of its shape (spatial triangular truss with variable height) and its sections (pipes). It took advantage of the presence of the concrete trough to connect this to the steel truss, in order to increase the rigidity of the bridge with the composite effect.This bridge is one of the very first railway bridges made of tubular truss, which provides a pure and smooth design thanks to its compact and pure assembling nodes.The new truss structure is really the key point of this bridge because of the tubular nodes which do not meet any standards. In particular, the fatigue resistance analysis of the 3D tubular nodes required the application of very specific documentation and results from PhD’s, as well as the use of volume finite element computations.The new Lanciau bridge is now ready to service MOB panoramic trains, and to continue the tradition of Swiss alpine steel railway bridges.

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Pipenbaher, Marjan, Tatjana Peteršič, Nijaz Mujkanović, Gordana Hrelja Kovačević, and Zoran Trogrlić. "Pelješac bridge - Design and construction." In IABSE Symposium, Prague 2022: Challenges for Existing and Oncoming Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/prague.2022.0670.

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The 2404 m long Pelješac Bridge ranks among the most demanding bridges in the world in terms of both the technological complexity of construction and the complexity of the design. The bridge is located in an area of extremely high seismic activity, exposed to strong and gusty north and south winds. It is designed as a multi-span extradosed bridge with a semi-integral hybrid structure with five 285 m long central spans. Once built, the bridge will rank among the 5 largest and most attractive European bridges built in the early 21st century.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Bridge"

Chang, Luh, Tarek Zayed, and Jon Fricker. Steel Bridge Protection Policy: Evaluation of Bridge Coating system for INDOT Steel Bridges. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313319.

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Groeneveld, Andrew B., Stephanie G. Wood, and Edgardo Ruiz. Estimating Bridge Reliability by Using Bayesian Networks. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39601.

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As part of an inspection, bridge inspectors assign condition ratings to the main components of a bridge’s structural system and identify any defects that they observe. Condition ratings are necessarily somewhat subjective, as they are influenced by the experience of the inspectors. In the current work, procedures were developed for making inferences on the reliability of reinforced concrete girders with defects at both the cross section and the girder level. The Bayesian network (BN) tools constructed in this work use simple structural m echanics to model the capacity of girders. By using expert elicitation, defects observed during inspection are correlated with underlying deterioration mechanisms. By linking these deterioration mechanisms with reductions in mechanical properties, inferences on the reliability of a bridge can be made based on visual observation of defects. With more development, this BN tool can be used to compare conditions of bridges relative to one another and aid in the prioritization of repairs. However, an extensive survey of bridges affected by deterioration mechanisms is needed to confidently establish valid relationships between deterioration severity and mechanical properties.

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Pham, Melissa V., William R. Fields, Dustin T. Brown, Dylan A. Pasley, Juan L. Davila-Parez, William D. Meyer, and Matthew D. Hiett. Bridge Resource Inventory Database for Gap Emplacement Selection (BRIDGES). U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47359.

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Wet gap crossings are one of the most complex maneuvers undertaken by military engineers, who, along with engineer planners, require better tools to increase the capacity for efficient use of limited bridging resources across the battlespace. Planning for bridging maneuvers often involves a complicated and inefficient system of ad hoc spreadsheets combined with an overreliance on the personal experience and training of subject matter experts (SMEs). Bridge Resource Inventory Database for Gap Emplacement Selection (BRIDGES) uses interactive mapping and database technology in order to streamline the bridging planning process and provide answers to question about myriad scenarios to maximize efficiency and provide better means of data persistence across time and data sharing across operational or planning units.

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Wang, Yao, Mirela D. Tumbeva, and Ashley P. Thrall. Evaluating Reserve Strength of Girder Bridges Due to Bridge Rail Load Shedding. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317308.

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This research experimentally and numerically evaluated the reserve strength of girder bridges due to bridge rail load shedding. The investigation included: (1) performing non-destructive field testing on two steel girder bridges and one prestressed concrete girder bridge, (2) developing validated finite element numerical models, and (3) performing parametric numerical investigations using the validated numerical modeling approach. Measured data indicated that intact, integral, reinforced concrete rails participate in carrying live load. Research results culminated in recommendations to evaluate the reserve strength of girder bridges due to the participation of the rail, as well as recommendations for bridge inspectors for evaluating steel girder bridges subjected to vehicular collision.

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Bonthron, Leslie, Corey Beck, Alana Lund, Farida Mahmud, Xin Zhang, Rebeca Orellana Montano, Shirley J. Dyke, Julio Ramirez, Yenan Cao, and George Mavroeidis. Empowering the Indiana Bridge Inventory Database Toward Rapid Seismic Vulnerability Assessment. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317282.

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With the recent identification of the Wabash Valley Seismic Zone in addition to the New Madrid Seismic Zone, Indiana’s Department of Transportation (INDOT) has become concerned with ensuring the adequate seismic performance of their bridge network. While INDOT made an effort to reduce the seismic vulnerability of newly-constructed bridges, many less recent bridges still have the potential for vulnerability. Analyzing these bridges’ seismic vulnerability is a vital task. However, developing a detailed dynamic model for every bridge in the state using information from structural drawings is rather tedious and time-consuming. In this study, we develop a simplified dynamic assessment procedure using readily-available information from INDOT’s Bridge Asset Management Program (BIAS), to rapidly identify vulnerable bridges throughout the state. Eight additional data items are recommended to be added into BIAS to support the procedure. The procedure is applied in the Excel file to create a tool, which is able to automatically implement the simplified bridge seismic analysis procedure. The simplified dynamic assessment procedure and the Excel tool enable INDOT to perform seismic vulnerability assessment and identify bridges more frequently. INDOT can prioritize these bridges for seismic retrofits and efficiently ensure the adequate seismic performance of their assets.

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Bowman, Mark D., Bryan D. Hagan, and William D. Hurdle. Steel Bridge Coating Evaluation and Rating Criteria. Purdue University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317386.

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The aim of the study is to gather information on three topics: (1) the evaluation and rating of steel bridge protective coatings, (2) coating systems used by various states throughout the United States, and (3) maintenance painting procedures employed by various state department of transportation agencies (DOTs). First, it was found that most state DOTs use either an Element Level type rating of the coating system or a 9–0 NBI type rating; many state DOTs use both methodologies, with one used for state bridges and the other for local bridges. Second, for coating systems, it was found that there is a great deal of uniformity of the steel bridge coating systems used in the United States, with three-coat paint systems being the most common. Third, it is believed that maintenance painting can extend the useful life of bridge coatings. However, many state DOTs report that the cost of maintenance painting has increased due to many factors that involve available personnel, proper training, and increased regulations on the removal and application of steel bridge coatings. Consequently, many DOTs no longer perform maintenance painting, other than emergency repairs, and simply wait until the entire bridge needs to be re-coated and contract the work out. Lastly, an NBI 9–0 type rating procedure for steel bridge coatings is proposed for possible consideration and implementation by INDOT.

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Terzic, Vesna, and William Pasco. Novel Method for Probabilistic Evaluation of the Post-Earthquake Functionality of a Bridge. Mineta Transportation Institute, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1916.

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While modern overpass bridges are safe against collapse, their functionality will likely be compromised in case of design-level or beyond design-level earthquake, which may generate excessive residual displacements of the bridge deck. Presently, there is no validated, quantitative approach for estimating the operational level of the bridge after an earthquake due to the difficulty of accurately simulating residual displacements. This research develops a novel method for probabilistic evaluation of the post-earthquake functionality state of the bridge; the approach is founded on an explicit evaluation of bridge residual displacements and associated traffic capacity by considering realistic traffic load scenarios. This research proposes a high-fidelity finite-element model for bridge columns, developed and calibrated using existing experimental data from the shake table tests of a full-scale bridge column. This finite-element model of the bridge column is further expanded to enable evaluation of the axial load-carrying capacity of damaged columns, which is critical for an accurate evaluation of the traffic capacity of the bridge. Existing experimental data from the crushing tests on the columns with earthquake-induced damage support this phase of the finite-element model development. To properly evaluate the bridge's post-earthquake functionality state, realistic traffic loadings representative of different bridge conditions (e.g., immediate access, emergency traffic only, closed) are applied in the proposed model following an earthquake simulation. The traffic loadings in the finite-element model consider the distribution of the vehicles on the bridge causing the largest forces in the bridge columns.

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Moomen, Milhan, Yu Qiao, Bismark Agbelie, Samuel Labi, and Kumares Sinha. Bridge Deterioration Models to Support Indiana’s Bridge Management System. Purdue University, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284316348.

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Chang, Luh, Tarek Zayed, and Jon Fricker. Steel Bridge Protection Policy: Metalization of Steel Bridges: Research and Practice. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313322.

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ABERDEEN TEST CENTER MD. Bridge Crossing Simulator. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada610884.

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