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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Breast"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 29 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Breast"

Smolanka, I. I., and A. D. Loboda. "Modern view on treatment of patients with fibrocystic mastopathy." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 6(112) (July 29, 2016): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2016.112.149.

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The aim of the study: to determine the effectiveness of the drug Epigalin® Brest in the treatment of fibrocystic breast disease in women. Materials and methods. The study included 50 women with an established diagnosis of fibrocystic breast disease (diffuse cystic mastopathy). All women complained of pain and swelling of both breast 3-20 days before the start of menstruation. By blind randomization, all women were divided into 2 groups. Patients of the first group used the drug Epigalin® Brest 1 tablet 2 times a day for three months. Patients of the second group used the drug prostrate summer cypress on the approved user scheme. Patients of both groups did not differ in age (from 22 to 48 years, mean age 35 years). All patients during General examination were performed ultrasound of the breast, and patients older than 40 years also performed the mammogram. Patients of both groups were found multiple cysts in both breasts, the size of which ranged from 3 mm to 22 mm. the average size of the cysts groups were comparable. To assess the effectiveness of treatment in both groups was determined by three parameters: 1. Pain in the Breasts, which were evaluated on a scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (unbearable pain). 2. Tissue density breast, to determine which was performed by transient elastography (kPa). 3. The average diameter of the cyst. Results. According to the study in the first group identified the implementation of a positive effect of the drug Apigalin Brest. Patients in this group there was a decrease in the average degree of pain, i.e. the patient almost did not feel pain before menstruation, and the complete absence of cystic elements in the Breasts was detected in 90% of patients. No patient noted the deterioration of the breast during the observation. Patients of the second group the average degree of pain, but 10% of the patients noted aggravation of pain syndrome after discontinuation of the drug prostrate summer cypress. In 15% of patients in this group appeared again cysts, and their average diameter began to increase. Tissue density of the breast tended to increase. Conclusion. 1. Complex herbal preparation Epigalin® Brest is effective in the treatment of mastitis. In the case of regular use Apigalin Brest reduce by 68% the presence of cystic component in women with mastopathy. 2. Epigalin® Brest with regular use reduces the density of the tissue of the breast, realizing the function of oncoprotektor. 3. Epigalin® Brest significantly reduces pain before menstruation, which considerably improves the quality of life. Key words: mastopathy, pain, breast gland, treatment, Epigalin® Brest.

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Calinescu, Gina, Corina Grigoriu, Athir Eddan, Nicolae Bacalbasa, Irina Balescu, Bianca-Margareta Mihai, Roxana Elena Bohiltea, and Claudia Stoica. "Breast density and breast cancer." Romanian Journal of Medical Practice 16, S7 (December 30, 2021): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjmp.2021.s7.9.

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Breast density is increasingly recognized as an independent risk factor for the development of breast cancer. It has been shown to be associated with a four-to sixfold increase a woman's risk of malignant breast disease. Increased breast density, as identified on mammography, is known to decrease the diagnostic sensitivity of the examination, which is of great concern to women at increased risk for breast cancer. Dense tissue has generally been associated with younger age and premenopausal status, with the assumption that breast density gradually decreases after menopause. However, the actual proportion of older women with dense breasts is unknown. Unfortunately, mammography is less accurate on dense breast tissue compared to fattier breast tissue. Multiple studies suggest a solution to this by demonstrating the ability of supplemental screening ultrasound to detect additional malignant lesions in women with dense breast tissue but with negative mammography. Improved screening methods for women with dense breasts are needed due to their increased risk of breast cancer and of failed early diagnosis by screening mammography.

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Corvino, Antonio, Carlo Varelli, Fabio Catalano, Giulio Cocco, Andrea Delli Pizzi, Andrea Boccatonda, Fabio Corvino, Luigi Basile, and Orlando Catalano. "Use of High-Frequency Transducers in Breast Sonography." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 12 (November 27, 2022): 1960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12121960.

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Sonography companies have recently developed high-frequency transducers (20–30 MHz) to image the skin and small joints. In this pictorial review, we present a number of settings where these probes can be usefully employed to scan the breast. These include skin abnormalities of the breast and axilla; nipple–areolar complex abnormalities; superficial breast parenchyma abnormalities; breast parenchyma abnormalities in subjects with implants; very small female breasts; peripheral areas in breasts of any size; pre-puberal breasts; male breasts; post-mastectomy chest wall; and intraoperative breast sonography. Comparatively, side-by-side images obtained with conventional breast frequencies and high frequencies are shown.

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Pinsky, Renee W., and Mark A. Helvie. "Mammographic Breast Density: Effect on Imaging and Breast Cancer Risk." Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 8, no. 10 (October 2010): 1157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2010.0085.

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Mammographic breast density has been studied for more than 30 years. Greater breast density not only is related to decreased sensitivity of mammograms because of a masking effect but also is a major independent risk factor for breast cancer. This article defines breast density and reviews literature on quantification of mammographic density that is key to future clinical and research protocols. Important influences on breast density are addressed, including age, menopausal status, exogenous hormones, and genetics of density. Young women with dense breasts benefit from digital mammographic technique. The potential use of supplemental MRI and ultrasound screening techniques in high-risk women and women with dense breasts is explored, as are potential risk reduction strategies.

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Suh, Minyoung, and Jung Hyun Park. "Breast Geometry Characterization of Young American Females Using 3D Image Analysis." Applied Sciences 12, no. 17 (August 27, 2022): 8578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178578.

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The current research deals with the characterization of breast geometries in young American populations. Breast measurements using 3D image analysis tools are focused on spatial assessments, such as quadrant evaluations of angle, surface area, and volume, together with traditional linear measurements. Through the statistical analysis, different types of breast shapes and placements are clustered, and characteristic breast anthropometry was identified for each cluster. The research findings indicate that there are four shape clusters and three placement clusters. Among the American females aged 26 to 35, four different breast shapes are identified: droopy breasts (31%), small/flat breasts (19%), upward breasts (24%), and large/inward breasts (26%). Taking 36%, 44%, and 20% of the population, respectively, their breast placement characteristics are either high, medium, or low/open. Breast shapes and placement are highly associated with each other. Larger breasts are located relatively lower, while most smaller/flat breasts are positioned relatively high.

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Patel, Bhavika K., Kay Pepin, Kathy R. Brandt, Gina L. Mazza, Barbara A. Pockaj, Jun Chen, Yuxiang Zhou, et al. "Global tissue stiffness on breast MR elastography: High-risk dense breast patients have higher stiffness compared to average-risk dense breast patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 10541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.10541.

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10541 Background: Biomechanical tissue properties may vary in the breasts of patients at elevated risk for breast cancer. We aim to quantify in vivo biomechanical tissue properties in various breast densities and in both normal risk and high risk women using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)/MRE and examine the association of biomechanical properties of the breast with cancer risk. Methods: In this IRB–approved prospective single-institution study, we recruited two groups of women differing by breast cancer risk to undergo a 3.0 T dynamic contrast enhanced MRI/MRE of the breast. Low-average risk women were defined as having no personal or significant family history of breast cancer, no prior high risk breast biopsies and a negative mammography within 12 months. High-risk breast cancer patients were recruited from those patients who underwent standard of care breast MR. Within each breast density group (non-dense versus dense), two-sample t-tests were used to compare breast stiffness, elasticity, and viscosity across risk groups (low-average vs high). Results: There were 50 low-average risk and 86 high-risk patients recruited to the study. The risk groups were similar on age (mean age = 55.6 and 53.6 years), density (68% vs. 64% dense breasts) and menopausal status (66.0% vs. 69.8%). Among patients with dense breasts, mean stiffness, elasticity, and viscosity were significantly higher in high risk patients ( N = 55) compared to low-average risk patients ( N = 34; all p < 0.001). In the multivariate logistic regression model, breast stiffness remained a significant predictor of risk status (OR=4.26, 95% CI [1.96, 9.25]) even after controlling for breast density, MRI BPE, age, and menopausal status. Similar results were seen for breast elasticity (OR=4.88, 95% CI [2.08, 11.43]) and viscosity (OR=11.49, 95% CI [1.15, 114.89]). Conclusions: Structurally-based, quantitative biomarker of tissue stiffness obtained from global 3D breast MRE is associated with differences in breast cancer risk in dense breasts. As such, tissue stiffness could provide a novel prognostic marker to help identify the subset of high-risk women with dense breasts who would benefit from increased surveillance.[Table: see text]

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Ma, Le, Yuxing Cai, Xiaojia Lin, Zilong He, Hui Zeng, Weiguo Chen, and Genggeng Qin. "Association of the Differences in Average Glandular Dose with Breast Cancer Risk." BioMed Research International 2020 (November 19, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8943659.

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Objectives. To compare the differences in normalized average glandular dose (NAGD) between the breasts of healthy subjects and those of cancer patients and to determine if the NAGD difference is associated with breast cancer risk and improves breast cancer classification. Materials and Methods. Craniocaudal view and mediolateral view full-field digital mammography (FFDM) images were obtained from 1682 healthy subjects whose breasts were categorized as Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) I or II and from 811 biopsy-confirmed unilateral breast cancer patients whose breasts on the contralateral side were category I or II. Both populations were randomized into training and test sets. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to build the breast cancer risk assessment model, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ( A z ) was used to evaluate the model. Twenty-two breast cancer patients who were originally categorized as BI-RADS I or II for both breasts, but were diagnosed with unilateral biopsy-confirmed breast cancer subsequently, were included to validate the model. Results. The NAGD differences in both FFDM images between tumor-bearing breasts and the healthy breasts of patients were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects ( P < 0.001 ). The model with NAGD differences had a higher A z value than the model without NAGD differences. While there was no NAGD differences between originally healthy breasts of breast cancer patients, significant NAGD differences between now tumor-bearing breasts and the then previously healthy breasts were found in both FFDM images. Conclusions. NAGD differences between both breasts can be included in the breast cancer risk assessment model to evaluate breast cancer risk.

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Chen, Xiaona, Guangwu Sun, Jianping Wang, Yanmei Li, and Hong Xie. "Effects of Breast Support and Gait Speed on Three-Dimensional Breast Displacement for Women with Small Breasts." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 29, no. 2(146) (April 30, 2021): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6088.

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This paper investigated three-dimensional breast displacement under different breast support conditions and gait speeds for women with small breasts. The breast coordinates of fifteen female participants with small breasts (sizes ranging from A to C) were recorded during treadmill walking and running tests under two different sports bra conditions and a no bra condition. The results showed that although vertical breast displacement was always the greatest in each condition, mediolateral breast displacement was significantly greater than anteroposterior breast displacement. Mediolateral breast displacement was not effectively reduced in the two sports bra conditions compared to the no bra condition. It is recommended that sports bra designed for women with small breasts should aim to limit mediolateral breast displacement instead of anteroposterior breast displacement, on the premise of controlling vertical breast displacement. The findings also suggest that the effectiveness of sports bras at reducing side-to-side breast movement requires further optimisation.

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Lozano, Adolfo, Jody C. Hayes, Lindsay M. Compton, and Fatemeh Hassanipour. "Pilot Clinical Study Investigating the Thermal Physiology of Breast Cancer via High-Resolution Infrared Imaging." Bioengineering 8, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8070086.

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This descriptive study investigates breast thermal characteristics in females histologically diagnosed with unilateral breast cancer and in their contralateral normal breasts. The multi-institutional clinical pilot study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) at participating institutions. Eleven female subjects with radiologic breast abnormalities were enrolled in the study between June 2019 and September 2019 after informed consent was obtained. Static infrared images were recorded for each subject. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to conduct paired comparisons in temperature data between breasts among the eight histologically diagnosed breast cancer subjects (n = 8). Localized temperatures of cancerous breast lesions were significantly warmer than corresponding regions in contralateral breasts (34.0 ± 0.9 °C vs. 33.2 ± 0.5 °C, p = 0.0142, 95% CI 0.25–1.5 °C). Generalized temperatures over cancerous breasts, in contrast, were not significantly warmer than corresponding regions in contralateral breasts (33.9 ± 0.8 °C vs. 33.4 ± 0.4 °C, p = 0.0625, 95% CI −0.05–1.45 °C). Among the breast cancers enrolled, breast cancers elevated temperatures locally at the site of the lesion (localized hyperthermia), but not over the entire breast (generalized hyperthermia).

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Lebovici, Serge, and Evelyne Kestemberg. "The breast and breasts." Journal of Child Psychotherapy 19, no. 1 (January 1993): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00754179308259378.

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Дисертації з теми "Breast"

Alakhras, Maram Mustafa. "Breast tomosynthesis: Novel detection of breast cancer." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14222.

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Purpose: To evaluate the impact of adding digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) to digital mammography (DM) on radiologists’ performance, confidence and identification of lesions. Also, to evaluate the radiation dose from DBT and DM and to assess image quality at different dose levels. Methods: Twenty six radiologists examined 50 cases in two modes, DM and DM+DBT. The radiologists were classified into three groups as having no DBT experience, workshop DBT and clinical DBT. Radiologists were asked to localize breast lesions, report their type and give a score of 1-5. The first study examined radiologists’ performance by: sensitivity, location sensitivity, specificity, ROC AUC and JAFROC FOM. The second study, using the same case set, looked at the radiologists’ confidence and their ability to identify lesion type. The third study was a phantom-based experiment to evaluate the mean glandular dose using DBT and DM. Eleven readers reported the visibility of lesions for all phantom images on both modalities. Results: All performance measures were significantly higher for DM+DBT compared with DM AUCs (0.788 vs 0.681, p< 0.0001) and JAFROC (0.745 vs 0.621, p< 0.0001). Similar results were obtained for readers with no DBT and with clinical DBT experience. The confidence of radiologists using DM+DBT was significantly higher than DM in scoring cancer (p<0.0001) and normal cases (p= 0.018). The number of stellate lesions correctly reported on DM+DBT was significantly higher than with DM (p< 0.0001). The radiation dose at a thickness of 50 mm was 13% higher for DBT than for DM. The visibility of lesions was acceptable at 50% mAs for DBT and for DM. Conclusions: Addition of DBT to DM significantly improved: radiologists’ performance whether or not they have DBT experience; radiologists’ confidence and the number of stellate lesions compared with DM. DBT radiation dose is slightly higher than DM dose. However, the exposure may be reduced by 50% mAs with no change in image quality.

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Merriman, Carolyn. "Breast Exam." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8534.

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Lagergren, Jakob. "Immediate breast reconstruction with implants in breast cancer patients /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-230-9/.

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Fredriksson, Irma. "Local recurrence after breast conserving surgery in breast cancer /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-255-8/.

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Cheok, Frida. "Participation in mammographic screenings in South Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc51843.pdf.

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Möller, Ernst Lodewicus. "Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in breast cancer patients after immediate breast reconstruction using the Breast-Q." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32865.

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Background Mastectomy is the mainstay of surgical treatment for women with breast cancer in South Africa. The increase in breast reconstruction after a mastectomy has prompted the need to evaluate patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) for this set of operative intervention. This study aimed to assess clinical and patient reported outcome measures in immediate breast reconstruction patients using the BREAST-Q and compare these with international cohorts. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on all patients who underwent immediate breast reconstruction between January 2011 and December 2016. This consisted of a retrospective clinical record review of perioperative outcomes, and a quality of life analysis using the BREAST-Q Post-Reconstruction questionnaire. Outcome predictors were identified using Chi-square, Fisher exact, One-way ANOVA, Student t-tests and Kruskal Wallis analysis of variance. A random-effect single arm meta-analysis was performed to compare the BREASTQ scores with international cohorts. Results A total of 52 patients were included with a mean age of 43.2 (+/-9.5) years. Eighteen patients (34.6%) developed early complications; of these 8 (44.4%) were major. Thirty-one patients (59.6%) developed late complications; of these 18 (58.1%) were major. Fifteen patients (28.8%) had failed reconstruction. There was a significantly higher risk of failure following a total mastectomy (TM) (p=0.02), tissue expander reconstruction (TE) (p< 0.01) and stage 2 breast cancer (p=0.01). Patients who underwent nipple reconstruction and immediate-delayed reconstruction before 12 months, reported higher well-being and satisfaction scores. Compared to international cohorts our BREAST-Q scores were lower but fall within the 95% confidence interval for Sexual Well-Being and Satisfaction with Nipples and Care. Conclusion Immediate breast reconstruction poses a high risk of complications and reconstructive failure especially, with TM and TE. Our BREAST-Q scores are comparable to international studies and may be useful in guiding patient consent.

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Pawluczyk, Olga. "Volumetric estimation of breast density for breast cancer risk prediction." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58694.pdf.

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Hall, Emma. "Benign breast disease as a risk factor for breast cancer." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322197.

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Okumura, Setsuko. "Feasibility of breast-conserving therapy for macroscopically multiple breast cancer." Kyoto University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/147559.

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Doan, Tram Bich. "Nuclear receptor networks in the normal breast and breast cancer." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17162.

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Nuclear receptors (NRs) have been targets of intensive drug development for decades due to their roles as key regulators of multiple developmental, physiological and disease processes. In the normal breast, a number of NRs are reported to be differentially expressed in different epithelial breast cell lineages and likely play a role in the differentiation and maintenance of the normal breast epithelial cell lineages. In breast cancer, expression of the estrogen and progesterone receptors remains clinically important in predicting prognosis and determining therapeutic strategies. More recently, there is growing evidence suggesting the involvement of multiple nuclear receptors other than the estrogen and progesterone receptors, in the regulation of various processes important to the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Identification of key NRs and the pathways they govern in the normal breast and breast cancer is important to our understanding of normal breastdevelopment and pave the way for rational design of prognostic and therapeutic targets for breast cancer. This thesis systematically investigates the expression and co-expression networks of NRs in the normal breast and how they are perturbed in breast cancer with a focus on the identification of network-based prognostic markers for breast cancer. This is done through analysis of multiple expression datasets, both publicly available and in-house generated, of primary normal breast and breast cancer tissues. Among the main findings of this work is the identification of NRs differentially expressed in normal breast epithelial cells at single cell level and the observation that there are major changes in the NR co-expression networks in breast cancer compared to the normal breast. We showed that cancer associated changes in NR co-expression networks are clinically relevant and that these changes can be used to identify NRs with prognostic values in estrogen receptor negative (ER-), HER2 and Basal subgroups of breast cancer. In addition, we demonstrated the utility of co-expression analysis in the identification of potential crosstalk in the signalling networks of different NRs by investigating the potential crosstalk of of MR and RARB in the normal breast and breast cancer.

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Книги з теми "Breast"

Carter, Pam. Feminism, Breasts and Breast-Feeding. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230389533.

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Jo, Campling, ed. Feminism, breasts and breast-feeding. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1995.

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Lawton, Thomas J. Breast. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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K, Kline Irwin, and Howell Lydia Pleotis, eds. Breast. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999.

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K, Kline Irwin, ed. Breast. New York: Igaku-Shoin, 1989.

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Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Benign breast disease and breast pain. London: RCOG Press, 1994.

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Angeli, Alberto, H. Leon Bradlow, and Luigi Dogliotti, eds. Endocrinology of the Breast: Basic and Clinical Aspects. New York, USA: New York Academy of Sciences, 1986.

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Bowcock, Anne M. Breast Cancer. New Jersey: Humana Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/0896035603.

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Torosian, Michael H. Breast Cancer. New Jersey: Humana Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1592591612.

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Wadler, Joyce. My breast. New York: Pocket Books, 1994.

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Частини книг з теми "Breast"

Mugea, Toma T. "Breast Augmentation for Asymmetric Breasts." In Aesthetic Surgery of the Breast, 339–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43407-9_21.

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Ross, Dara S. "Breast." In Genomic Medicine, 123–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22922-1_8.

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Skandalakis, Lee J., and John E. Skandalakis. "Breast." In Surgical Anatomy and Technique, 91–112. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8563-6_3.

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Lioe, Tong Fang, and R. Iain Cameron. "Breast." In Histopathology Specimens, 119–31. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-673-3_12.

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Lemos, Monica B., and Nour Sneige. "Breast." In Atlas of Anatomic Pathology, 5–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20839-4_2.

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Pfleiderer, Stefan O. R., and Werner A. Kaiser. "Breast." In Percutaneous Tumor Ablation in Medical Radiology, 221–31. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36891-7_24.

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Casey, Shauna, and R. Iain Cameron. "Breast." In Histopathology Specimens, 133–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57360-1_12.

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Liu, Haiyan, Fan Lin, and Jun Zhang. "Breast." In Handbook of Practical Fine Needle Aspiration and Small Tissue Biopsies, 193–242. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57386-1_5.

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Mooney, Eoghan E., and Fattaneh A. Tavassoli. "Breast." In Essentials of Anatomic Pathology, 965–1000. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-173-8_23.

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Wells, C. A., and P. Domizio. "Breast." In Reporting Histopathology Sections, 134–49. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7132-6_8.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Breast"

Reis, Yedda Nunes, Bruna Salani Mota, Marcos Desiderio Ricci, Carlos Shimizu, Fernando Nalesso Aguiar, Natalia Paula Cardoso, Edmund Chada Baracat, and José Roberto Filassi. "MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF BREAST DENSITY CORRELATION WITH MAMMOGRAPHIC BREAST DENSITY IN BREAST CANCER–CONSERVING SURGERY: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS." In Abstracts from the Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium - BBCS 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s2059.

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Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between mammographic breast density (MBD) and macroscopic examination of breast density (MEBD), as well as the association between MEBD and multiple clinical and tumoral characteristics. Methodology: The secondary (i.e., retrospective) analysis from a prospective database (BREAST-MRI trial) was performed. Patients with breast cancer stages 0 to III for breast-conserving surgery, from November 2014 to October 2018, were selected. All patients were evaluated with clinical examination, breast ultrasound, and mammography and stratified by MBD. Then, they were randomized on a 1:1 basis in two groups whether to perform breast magnetic resonance imaging. Analysis of the subset of patients’ MEBD in the clinical trial was not prespecified. MEBD was estimated by calculating the ratio of stromal and fatty tissues in each breast histopathological sample, and then, patients were classified similarly to ACR BI-RADS® criteria. Results: A total of 431 MEBD were selected for the analysis. MEBD classification was distributed as follows: 303 (70.3%) were classified as A, 85 (19.7%) as B, 36 (8.4%) as C, and 7 (1.6%) as D. There is no association between MBD and MEBD in our breast surgical specimens, such that MEBD A, B, C, and D were associated with MBD in 22 (97.1%) of 24 A breasts, 34 (18.2%) of 187 B breasts, 26 (13.1%) of 199 C breasts, and 1 (4.8%) of 21 D breasts (p<0.001). Breasts with the highest fat content in the macroscopic analysis were associated with older patients, higher body mass index, multiparity, and postmenopausal status (p=0.001). There was no difference among groups regarding the history of hormone replacement therapy, clinical stage, and immunohistochemical. Conclusion: Our study shows that MEBD does not hold a close correlation with MBD, according to the ACR BI-RADS classification.

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Running, During. "Biomechanical Model of Bare-Breasts." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100423.

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Sports bras are designed to reduce mammary glands or breast movement during exercises, but there is no standardized, valid and reliable method to evaluate relative three-dimensional (3D) breast movement; and there is no literature to predict the 3D force acting on the breasts during activities. A reliable method is essential to evaluate 3D breast movement and to determine the effective design features of supportive sports bras. This study derived and validated a new Breast Coordinate System (BCS) for investigating 3D breast movement, so as to identify the most effective bra features and to analyze the effects of breast volume and bra strap properties on breast movement, then to develop theoretical models of breast force generated during bare-breasted running. In the light of this, 3D mechanical models have been developed based on a system comprising a mass, springs and dampers. The orthogonal force exerted on the breasts during running was derived. The predicted results of maximum breast force were verified with previous literature. The new methods will contribute to future research on human locomotion and the design of close-fitting garments.

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Tung Hui, Kwok, Yeok Tatt Cheah, Kit Lun Yick, Ho Ching, Joanne Yip, and Sun Pui Ng. "Approach for evaluating breast motion for sports bra design." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005289.

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Traditional studies evaluating breast motion and bra performance have involved human subjects, but maintaining consistent results is challenging due to biomechanical limitations. Therefore, this study proposes an objective and reliable method to ensure consistent testing conditions for evaluating breast motion. This method involves designing a manikin with soft breast prostheses and incorporating with a commercial 6-degree-of-freedom robotic arm. Soft silicone rubber was used for fabrication of artificial breasts. Moreover, the robotic arm can replicate the movement of torso, and the soft breast prostheses can mimic that of female breast. The results show the breast prostheses of manikin close to the human breast in dynamic performance that was validated by the motion capture experiment. This new approach can be used for evaluating the sports bra to compare their supporting level.

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Batista, Maria Stefania Nóbrega, and Lara Moreira Mendes Carneiro. "Association between obesity and breast cancer in premenopause." In II INTERNATIONAL SEVEN MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/homeinternationalanais-025.

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Abstract In Brazil, excluding non-melanoma skin tumors, breast cancer is the most common in women. The number of cancer deaths also increased, from 6.2 million in 2000 to 10 million in 2020. More than one in six deaths is due to cancer (WHO, 2021). In addition to well-established risk factors such as female gender, age, positive family history, genetic mutations, proliferative breast changes, high breast density breasts, early menarche, late menopause and radiation exposure, some researchers associate body constitution with the risk of breast cancer development. As obesity and cancer are diseases that affect millions of people and have important consequences it is necessary to identify the relationship between these two events.

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"Breast." In Proceedings of UK Radiological Conference 2014. The British Institute of Radiology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/conf-pukrc.2014.breast.

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"Breast." In Proceedings of UK Radiological Conference 2015. The British Institute of Radiology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/conf-pukrc.2015.breast.

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"Breast." In Proceedings of UK Radiological Conference 2016. The British Institute of Radiology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/conf-pukrc.2016.breast.

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"Breast." In Proceedings of UK Radiological Conference 2013. The British Institute of Radiology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/conf-pukrc.2013.breast.

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"Breast." In Proceedings of UK Radiological Conference 2017. The British Institute of Radiology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/conf-pukrc.2017.breast.

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Kuroda, Flávia, Cicero Andrade Urban, Marcelo Paula Loureiro, Mateus Ricardo Ulsan Lourenço, and Bernardo Passos Sobreiro. "A PROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF BREAST SATISFACTION AND EXPECTATION IN PREOPERATIVE BREAST RECONSTRUCTION PATIENTS." In Scientifc papers of XXIII Brazilian Breast Congress - 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s1092.

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Introduction: There is a consensus that breast reconstruction makes an important positive contribution to the quality of life of breast cancer patients. However, a large proportion of breast cancer survivors have unmet expectations surrounding reconstruction after mastectomy, particularly in relation to appearance. Approximately 40% of women who underwent breast reconstruction after mastectomy reported their reconstruction to be worse than expected. There is little consensus about what impact specific factors have on women`s satisfaction with breast reconstruction process and outcomes. Objectives: To delineate factors affecting preoperative native breast satisfaction and expectation with the surgery using the BREAST-Q in patients prior to oncological breast surgery following breast reconstruction. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional trial with breast cancer patients enrolled from November 2019 to December 2020 at Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças Breast Unit in Curitiba, Brazil. Two independent groups were studied. The first group included patients who underwent mastectomy following immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) with implant. The second group underwent breast-conserving therapy (BCT) following level 2 oncoplastic techniques. This study was approved by the Internal Review Boad of Positivo University, Curitiba, Brazil. All patients were invited to complete a patient-reported outcome (BREAST-Q) Expectations Module and Pre-operative Breast reconstruction module prior to surgery. Results: Overall, seventy-nine patients with breast cancer completed the preoperative BREAST-Q. Patients were divided into BCT following oncoplastic surgery (n=49) and mastectomy following IBR with implant (n=30) groups. The mastectomy with IBR implants group had better satisfaction with their native breast than BCT oncoplastic group. Comparing Breast-Q expectations rate, women in BCT following oncoplastic group had higher expectations for breast appearance when clothed than the group of mastectomy with IBR implant. Previous aesthetic breast surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy were significant predictors of preoperative physical well-being. Younger age was significantly correlated with pain expectation in the surgery. Patients who were fifty years old or more and had a university or higher education level expected that the breast appearance would match almost as well as the same ten years after. Conclusions: This study results highlight the need to improve education and informed decision-making about breast reconstruction. Patients demonstrated to have high expectations for breast appearance after reconstruction and expect not to change over time. Understanding which factors affect patient’s satisfaction with native breasts and their expectation with the surgery in the preoperative set could improve preoperative counseling and the management of patient’s expectations of subsequent breast reconstruction.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Breast"

Saldanha, Ian J., Wangnan Cao, Justin M. Broyles, Gaelen P. Adam, Monika Reddy Bhuma, Shivani Mehta, Laura S. Dominici, Andrea L. Pusic, and Ethan M. Balk. Breast Reconstruction After Mastectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer245.

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Objectives. This systematic review evaluates breast reconstruction options for women after mastectomy for breast cancer (or breast cancer prophylaxis). We addressed six Key Questions (KQs): (1) implant-based reconstruction (IBR) versus autologous reconstruction (AR), (2) timing of IBR and AR in relation to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, (3) comparisons of implant materials, (4) comparisons of anatomic planes for IBR, (5) use versus nonuse of human acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) during IBR, and (6) comparisons of AR flap types. Data sources and review methods. We searched Medline®, Embase®, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL®, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to March 23, 2021, to identify comparative and single group studies. We extracted study data into the Systematic Review Data Repository Plus (SRDR+). We assessed the risk of bias and evaluated the strength of evidence (SoE) using standard methods. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42020193183). Results. We found 8 randomized controlled trials, 83 nonrandomized comparative studies, and 69 single group studies. Risk of bias was moderate to high for most studies. KQ1: Compared with IBR, AR is probably associated with clinically better patient satisfaction with breasts and sexual well-being but comparable general quality of life and psychosocial well-being (moderate SoE, all outcomes). AR probably poses a greater risk of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (moderate SoE), but IBR probably poses a greater risk of reconstructive failure in the long term (1.5 to 4 years) (moderate SoE) and may pose a greater risk of breast seroma (low SoE). KQ 2: Conducting IBR either before or after radiation therapy may result in comparable physical well-being, psychosocial well-being, sexual well-being, and patient satisfaction with breasts (all low SoE), and probably results in comparable risks of implant failure/loss or need for explant surgery (moderate SoE). We found no evidence addressing timing of IBR or AR in relation to chemotherapy or timing of AR in relation to radiation therapy. KQ 3: Silicone and saline implants may result in clinically comparable patient satisfaction with breasts (low SoE). There is insufficient evidence regarding double lumen implants. KQ 4: Whether the implant is placed in the prepectoral or total submuscular plane may not be associated with risk of infections that are not explicitly implant related (low SoE). There is insufficient evidence addressing the comparisons between prepectoral and partial submuscular and between partial and total submuscular planes. KQ 5: The evidence is inconsistent regarding whether human ADM use during IBR impacts physical well-being, psychosocial well-being, or satisfaction with breasts. However, ADM use probably increases the risk of implant failure/loss or need for explant surgery (moderate SoE) and may increase the risk of infections not explicitly implant related (low SoE). Whether or not ADM is used probably is associated with comparable risks of seroma and unplanned repeat surgeries for revision (moderate SoE for both), and possibly necrosis (low SoE). KQ 6: AR with either transverse rectus abdominis (TRAM) or deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps may result in comparable patient satisfaction with breasts (low SoE), but TRAM flaps probably increase the risk of harms to the area of flap harvest (moderate SoE). AR with either DIEP or latissimus dorsi flaps may result in comparable patient satisfaction with breasts (low SoE), but there is insufficient evidence regarding thromboembolic events and no evidence regarding other surgical complications. Conclusion. Evidence regarding surgical breast reconstruction options is largely insufficient or of only low or moderate SoE. New high-quality research is needed, especially for timing of IBR and AR in relation to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, for comparisons of implant materials, and for comparisons of anatomic planes of implant placement.

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Shumway, Dean A., Kimberly S. Corbin, Magdoleen H. Farah, Kelly E. Viola, Tarek Nayfeh, Samer Saadi, Vishal Shah, et al. Partial Breast Irradiation for Breast Cancer. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer259.

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Objectives. To evaluate the comparative effectiveness and harms of partial breast irradiation (PBI) compared with whole breast irradiation (WBI) for early-stage breast cancer, and how differences in effectiveness and harms may be influenced by patient, tumor, and treatment factors, including treatment modality, target volume, dose, and fractionation. We also evaluated the relative financial toxicity of PBI versus WBI. Data sources. MEDLINE®, Embase®, Cochrane Central Registrar of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, and various grey literature sources from database inception to June 30, 2022. Review methods. We included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies that enrolled adult women with early-stage breast cancer who received one of six PBI modalities: multi-catheter interstitial brachytherapy, single-entry catheter brachytherapy (also known as intracavitary brachytherapy), 3-dimensional conformal external beam radiation therapy (3DCRT), intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), proton radiation therapy, intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT). Pairs of independent reviewers screened and appraised studies. Results. Twenty-three original studies with 17,510 patients evaluated the comparative effectiveness of PBI, including 14 RCTs, 6 comparative observational studies, and 3 single-arm observational studies. PBI was not significantly different from WBI in terms of ipsilateral breast recurrence (IBR), overall survival, or cancer-free survival at 5 and 10 years (high strength of evidence [SOE]). Evidence for cosmetic outcomes was insufficient. Results were generally consistent when PBI modalities were compared with WBI, whether compared individually or combined. These PBI approaches included 3DCRT, IMRT, and multi-catheter interstitial brachytherapy. Compared with WBI, 3DCRT showed no difference in IBR, overall survival, or cancer-free survival at 5 and 10 years (moderate to high SOE); IMRT showed no difference in IBR or overall survival at 5 and 10 years (low SOE); multi-catheter interstitial brachytherapy showed no difference in IBR, overall survival, or cancer-free survival at 5 years (low SOE). Compared with WBI, IORT was associated with a higher IBR rate at 5, 10, and over 10 years (high SOE), with no difference in overall survival, cancer-free survival, or mastectomy-free survival (low to high SOE). There were significantly fewer acute adverse events (AEs) with PBI compared with WBI, with no apparent difference in late AEs (moderate SOE). Data about quality of life were limited. Head-to-head comparisons between the different PBI modalities showed insufficient evidence to estimate an effect on main outcomes. There were no significant differences in IBR or other outcomes according to patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics; however, data for subgroups were insufficient to draw conclusions. Eight studies addressed concepts closely related to financial toxicity. Compared with conventionally fractionated WBI, accelerated PBI was associated with lower transportation costs and days away from work. PBI was also associated with less subjective financial difficulty at various time points after radiotherapy. Conclusions. Clinical trials that compared PBI with WBI demonstrate no significant difference in the risk of IBR. PBI is associated with fewer acute AEs and may be associated with less financial toxicity. The current evidence supports the use of PBI in appropriately selected patients with early-stage breast cancer. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the outcomes of PBI in patients with various clinical and tumor characteristics, and to define optimal radiation treatment dose and technique for PBI.

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Tyner, Angela L. Breast Tumor Kinase Signaling in Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada417996.

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Tyner, Angela L. Breast Tumor Kinase (BRK) Signaling in Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada407665.

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Tyner, Angela L. Breast Tumor Kinase (BRK) Signaling in Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada428503.

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Knutson, Keith L. Educating Normal Breast Mucosa to Prevent Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613644.

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Knutson, Keith L. Educating Normal Breast Mucosa to Prevent Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada585124.

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Tangka, Florence K. L., Sujha Subramanian, Madeleine Jones, Patrick Edwards, Sonja Hoover, Tim Flanigan, Jenya Kaganova, et al. Young Breast Cancer Survivors: Employment Experience and Financial Well-Being. RTI Press, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.rr.0041.2007.

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The economic burden of breast cancer for women under 50 in the United States remains largely unexplored, in part because young women make up a small proportion of breast cancer cases overall. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a web-based survey to compare data from breast cancer survivors 18–39 years of age at first diagnosis and 40–49 years of age at first diagnosis. We administered a survey to a national convenience sample of 416 women who were 18–49 years of age at the time of their breast cancer diagnosis. We analyzed factors associated with financial decline using multivariate regression. Survivors 18–39 years of age at first diagnosis were more likely to report Stage II–IV breast cancer (P<0.01). They also quit their jobs more often (14.6%) than older survivors (4.4%; P<0.01) and faced more job performance issues (55.7% and 42.8%, respectively; P=0.02). For respondents in both groups, financial decline was more likely if the survivor had at least one comorbid condition (odds ratios: 2.36–3.21) or was diagnosed at Stage II–IV breast cancer (odds ratios: 2.04–3.51).

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Vachon, Celine M. Natural History of Breast Density and Breast Cancer Risk. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada396777.

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Vachon, Celine M. Natural History of Breast Density and Breast Cancer Risk. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada409690.

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