Готові списки джерел за темами / Bone point

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Bone point"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Bone point"

1

Beek, Maarten, Carolyn F. Small, Randy E. Ellis, Richard W. Sellens, and David R. Pichora. "Bone Alignment Using the Iterative Closest Point Algorithm." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 26, no. 4 (November 2010): 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.26.4.526.

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Computer assisted surgical interventions and research in joint kinematics rely heavily on the accurate registration of three-dimensional bone surface models reconstructed from various imaging technologies. Anomalous results were seen in a kinematic study of carpal bones using a principal axes alignment approach for the registration. The study was repeated using an iterative closest point algorithm, which is more accurate, but also more demanding to apply. The principal axes method showed errors between 0.35 mm and 0.49 mm for the scaphoid, and between 0.40 mm and 1.22 mm for the pisiform. The iterative closest point method produced errors of less than 0.4 mm. These results show that while the principal axes method approached the accuracy of the iterative closest point algorithm in asymmetrical bones, there were more pronounced errors in bones with some symmetry. Principal axes registration for carpal bones should be avoided.
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2

Basirom, Izzawati, Mohd Afendi Rojan, Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid, Nor Alia Md Zain, and Mohd Yazid Bajuri. "Prediction of stress shielding around implant screws induced by three-point and four-point bending." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 15, no. 4 (August 25, 2019): 548–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v15n4.1049.

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Анотація:
Implant screws failure commonly occurs due to the load that constantly generated by the patient’s body to the fracture area. Bending load is often encountered in femur bone due to lateral impact which affected the bone and also the implants installed. Consequently, the load will lead to the failure of implants that can cause loosening or tightening of implants. Henceforth, in this manner, it is significant to study the bending behavior of bone implant in femur bone. The aim of this study was to analyze the stress shielding of bone implant on the internal fixator. 3D technique is able to show the overall deformation and stress distribution. The lower the biomechanical compatibility, the lower the STP value obtained. In addition, the variation of elastic modulus (E) of the screws materials, 200GPa (Stainless Steel) and 113.8GPa (Titanium) resulted in the increase of the total stress transferred (STP) between screw and bone interface. In this work, strain energy density (SED) was determined as a good indicator of stress shielding.
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3

Skic, Anna, Iwona Puzio, Grzegorz Tymicki, Paweł Kołodziej, Marta Pawłowska-Olszewska, Kamil Skic, Karolina Beer-Lech, Marek Bieńko, and Krzysztof Gołacki. "Effect of Nesfatin-1 on Rat Humerus Mechanical Properties under Quasi-Static and Impact Loading Conditions." Materials 15, no. 1 (January 3, 2022): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010333.

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Анотація:
The investigations on the response of bone tissue under different loading conditions are important from clinical and engineering points of view. In this paper, the influence of nesfatin-1 administration on rat humerus mechanical properties was analyzed. The classical three-point bending and impact tests were carried out for three rat bone groups: control (SHO), the humerus of animals under the conditions of established osteopenia (OVX), and bones of rats receiving nesfatin-1 after ovariectomy (NES). The experiments proved that the bone strength parameters measured under various mechanical loading conditions increased after the nesfatin-1 administration. The OVX bones were most susceptible to deformation and had the smallest fracture toughness. The SEM images of humerus fracture surface in this group showed that ovariectomized rats had a much looser bone structure compared to the SHO and NES females. Loosening of the bone structure was also confirmed by the densitometric and qualitative EDS analysis, showing a decrease in the OVX bones’ mineral content. The samples of the NES group were characterized by the largest values of maximum force obtained under both quasi-static and impact conditions. The energies absorbed during the impact and the critical energy for fracture (from the three-point bending test) were similar for the SHO and NES groups. Statistically significant differences were observed between the mean Fi max values of all analyzed sample groups. The obtained results suggest that the impact test was more sensitive than the classical quasi-static three-point bending one. Hence, Fi max could be used as a parameter to predict bone fracture toughness.
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4

Claassen, Cheryl. "Abundant Gifts of Stone and Bone." Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 41, no. 3 (October 1, 2016): 274–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26599942.

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Abstract An abundance of points, flakes, bones, shells, and bodies is considered sufficient to raise the hypothesis that these offerings and their places constitute a type of fertility shrine. This paper documents several possible lithic and bone-offering places in eastern North America, among them Allumettes Island, Quebec; Tick Creek Cave, Missouri; James Creek, West Virginia; and Pen Point, South Carolina. Perhaps the most significant Late Archaic shrine marked by an abundance of points, deer bones, and human burials is Indian Knoll, Kentucky. The proposed fertility or increase rite practiced was that for a hunt god.
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Robbins, Lawrence H., Alec C. Campbell, George A. Brook, Michael L. Murphy, and Robert K. Hitchcock. "The Antiquity of the Bow and Arrow in the Kalahari Desert: Bone Points from White Paintings Rock Shelter, Botswana." Journal of African Archaeology 10, no. 1 (October 25, 2012): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3213/2191-5784-10211.

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Анотація:
This paper presents new information on the antiquity of the bow and arrow in the Kalahari. Excavations at White Paintings Shelter (WPS) uncovered bone point fragments that appear to have been parts of reversible arrowheads that could have been used with poison. We present a sequence of nine new, internally consistent OSL ages that date specific soil horizons at WPS. These dates/soil horizons are related to the bone point finds. The oldest bone points are estimated to date between 35–37 ka, while worked bone technology extends to at least 45 ka. Several engraved points are also discussed in relation to ethnographic evidence regarding decorated bone link-shafts collected in the 1970s. Additional information includes the first description of a reversible bone arrow point, made by a person who used such points with poison in his youth.
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6

Heller, Ugo, Robin Evrard, Benoit Lengelé, Thomas Schubert, Natacha Kadlub, and Jean Boisson. "Decellularized vascularized bone grafts as therapeutic solution for bone reconstruction: A mechanical evaluation." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 13, 2023): e0280193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280193.

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Анотація:
Introduction Large bone defects are challenging for surgeons. Available reimplanted bone substitutes can’t properly restore optimal function along and long term osteointegration of the bone graft. Bone substitute based on the perfusion-decellularization technique seem to be interesting in order to overcome these limitations. We present here an evaluation of the biomechanics of the bones thus obtained. Material and methods Two decellularization protocols were chosen for this study. One using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) (D1) and one using NaOH and H2O2 (D2). The decellularization was performed on porcine forearms. We then carried out compression, three-point bending, indentation and screw pull-out tests on each sample. Once these tests were completed, we compared the results obtained between the different decellularization protocols and with samples left native. Results The difference in the means was similar between the tests performed on bones decellularized with the SDS protocol and native bones for pull-out test: +1.4% (CI95% [-10.5%– 12.4%]) of mean differences when comparing Native vs D1, compression -14.9% (CI95% [-42.7%– 12.5%]), 3-point bending -5.7% (CI95% [-22.5%– 11.1%]) and indentation -10.8% (CI95% [-19.5%– 4.6%]). Bones decellularized with the NaOH protocol showed different results from those obtained with the SDS protocol or native bones during the pull-out screw +40.7% (CI95% [24.3%– 57%]) for Native vs D2 protocol and 3-point bending tests +39.2% (CI95% [13.7%– 64.6%]) for Native vs D2 protocol. The other tests, compression and indentation, gave similar results for all our samples. Conclusion Vascularized decellularized grafts seem to be an interesting means for bone reconstruction. Our study shows that the decellularization method affects the mechanical results of our specimens. Some methods seem to limit these alterations and could be used in the future for bone decellularization.
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Vaibhav, Neelam Manoj, Ramesh Amirisetty, Rajesh Nichenametla, Gonabhavi Siri Chandana, Santhi Prathyusha M, Naresh Kumar C, and B. Tanuja Reddy. "Evaluation of zygomatic bone region for placement of quad zygomatic implants using CBCT in postmenopausal women." IP International Journal of Maxillofacial Imaging 7, no. 2 (July 15, 2021): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmi.2021.010.

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Анотація:
Insufficient height and width of the alveolar ridge at the implant site remains with inadequate bone volume following extraction in older age people especially in postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women are susceptible to primary osteoporosis where more bone resorption than formation is seen resulting in decreased bone mass. Hence the present study aims to evaluate the zygomatic bone region for placement of quad zygomatic implants using CBCT.: A total of 120 CBCT images of female patients who were between the age group of 45 yrs to 65 yrs were taken. The zygomatic bone was evaluated for pneumatisation zones and thickness of zygomatic bone at three different regions i.e., superior, middle and inferior at nine points on zygoma bone along with bone to implant contact (BIC) region using virtual software. The largest thickness in the superior, middle and inferior regions were at Point A2(8.01+/-2.10 mm), Point B2 (7.01+/-1.62 mm), and Point C1 (6.65+/-1.64 mm), respectively. The virtually placed implants at Point A3 (15.92+/-4.16 mm) and Point B2 (12.02+/-3.62 mm) had the highest BICs. : To obtain the largest BICs, results suggested that the posterosuperior region (Point A3) and the centre of zygoma (Point B1) were the optimal places for the placement of quad zygomatic implants.
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Abu-Amer, Yousef, та M. Mehrdad Tondravi. "NF-κB and bone: The breaking point". Nature Medicine 3, № 11 (листопад 1997): 1189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1197-1189.

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Zhang, Chenghao, Ling Ji, Zhihe Zhao, and Wen Liao. "Detailed Correlation between Central Incisor Movement and Alveolar Bone Resorption in Adults with Orthodontic Premolar Extraction Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort CBCT Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 22 (November 21, 2022): 6872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226872.

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Анотація:
Background: This study aims to explore the detailed correlation between the movement of maxillary and mandibular central incisors and alveolar bone resorption in adults who had orthodontic premolar extraction treatment. Methods: A total of 63 adult patients (mean age, 24.41 years) who received orthodontic treatment with the extraction of four first premolars were included in this study. CBCT images were obtained before and after treatment. Three-dimensional evaluations of the movement of 252 central incisors (126 maxillary and 126 mandibular incisors) and alveolar bone changes were conducted. Four points were used to describe the incisor movement: C (cusp point), R (root apex point), M (mid-point of root neck), and L (labial cementoenamel junction point). The thickness of labial and palatal alveolar bone was assessed at the crestal, mid-root, and apical levels of incisors. The results were analyzed with Spearman’s correlation and multilinear regression. Results: Matching the measurements of central incisor movement and alveolar bone resorption, significant correlations could be observed. For maxillary central incisors, the labial alveolar bone resorption at the crestal level was correlated with the movement of Point L (r = 0.290, p < 0.05), and the labial alveolar bone resorption at the apical level was correlated with Point M (r = 0.387, p < 0.05). For mandibular central incisors, the labial alveolar bone resorption at the apical level was correlated with the movement of Point M (r = 0.493, p < 0.05) and R (r = 0.498, p < 0.01); the palatal alveolar bone resorption at the mid-root level with Point M (r = -0.170, p < 0.01); and the palatal alveolar bone resorption at the apical level with Point R (r = 0.177, p < 0.01). Conclusions: This study investigated the concrete correlations between central incisor movement and alveolar bone resorption in adults after orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction. It is potentially helpful for orthodontists to have a relatively accurate prediction of alveolar bone resorption based on the specific movements of central incisors and to reduce the risk of alveolar bone resorption by better adjusting the three-dimensional movement types of incisors.
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Marin, Sasa, Aleksandra Djeri, Helena Vidovic, Natasa Trtic, Adriana Arbutina, and Verica Pavlic. "Cone-beam computed tomography assessment of the buccal bone thickness in anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth." Medical review 74, no. 11-12 (2021): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns2112362m.

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Анотація:
Introduction. The aim of this study was to assess the buccal bone thickness in anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth and to provide information important during immediate implant placement. Material and Methods. The study included 245 cone-beam computed tomography scans. The buccal bone thickness was measured in the sagittal plane of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth at five points (M1 - M5) (2 mm apart), starting 2 mm from the cementoenamel junction in the coronal to apical position along the roots. Results. The lowest mean buccal bone thickness was observed at M1 point in all teeth in both jaws while the highest mean buccal bone thickness was observed at M4 (maxilla) and M5 (mandible). An increase of the buccal bone thickness was established at every subsequent measurement point perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth (p < 0.001). The buccal bone thickness was less than 1 mm in more than 60% of all teeth in the maxilla and mandible at all measurement points. A statistically significant difference in the thickness of the buccal bone in relation to the patients? age was found at all measurement points, except at M4 point of the anterior teeth of the maxilla (p = 0.456) and mandible (p = 0.109). Conclusion. The buccal bone thickness in anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth is less than 1 mm in more than 60% at all measurement points. The buccal bone thickness tends to increase from a coronal to apical position along the roots.
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Дисертації з теми "Bone point"

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Mountain, Rebecca Vivienne. "Social Stress and Bone Loss at Point of Pines Pueblo, Arizona: A pQCT Study on Archaeological Bone." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311471.

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Анотація:
Bone loss is an important skeletal indicator of environmental stress. Cortical and trabecular bone, however, are differentially affected by various stressors. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) potentially addresses this issue by separately calculating cortical and trabecular bone mineral density (BMD). This project had two major goals: evaluate the effectiveness of pQCT in measuring BMD in archaeological specimens, and test the hypothesis that females suffered greater bone loss than males in a socially stressed population. Cortical and trabecular BMD was measured in the radius and femur of skeletons from Point of Pines Pueblo, Arizona. pQCT effectively measured BMD in the sample, but the hypothesis that females suffered greater BMD loss than males was not supported. Females showed no significant BMD loss in the radius, while males experienced no significant changes in cortical density. Sex-specific activities may explain bone maintenance in the female radius, while hormonal differences likely maintained male cortical density.
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2

Arnold, Patricia A. "Validation of Mechanical Response Tissue Analysis by Three-Point Mechanical Bending of Artificial Human Ulnas." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1366983271.

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3

Roche, Bernard. "Mise au point de l’évaluation structurelle et fonctionnelle de la vascularisation d’un os long chez la souris : validation dans des modèles de perte osseuse." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STET020T.

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Анотація:
La vascularisation joue un rôle important dans la biologie de l’os. Les souris génétiquement modifiées sont devenues le modèle de choix dans ce champ de recherche ; cependant les outils permettant son exploration structurelle (réseau capillaire) et fonctionnelle (perfusion) dans ce modèle animal, demeurent imparfaits. Notre travail a consisté en une adaptation chez la souris de la technique d’histomorphométrie quantitative vasculaire des os longs, fondée sur le remplissage du réseau par du sulfate de baryum, précédemment développée chez le rat. Nous avons, par ailleurs, mis au point une technique reproductible de mesure de la perfusion osseuse dans le tibia en utilisant le Laser Doppler. En termes d’exploration structurelle, et grâce à une imagerie par microtomographie 3D (Synchrotron ou Nano scanner) nous montrons la supériorité du sulfate de baryum sur le Microfil®, (produit associant silicone et plomb) et sa compatibilité avec les colorations histologiques usuelles et les marquages immuno histochimiques de la paroi vasculaire. Nous établissons la reproductibilité de la technique et nous proposons une nomenclature. En termes de perfusion, après avoir optimisé le protocole en limitant les facteurs de variabilité, nous montrons que le Laser Doppler permet de mesurer de façon reproductible une perfusion strictement osseuse dans le tibia de souris. Sous réserve de recourir { des groupes d’animaux de taille suffisante, (n=15), il devient possible de réaliser des comparaisons intergroupes. Ces deux approches combinées et intégrées, menées sur des souris C57BL/6 et 129sv/Cd1 nous ont permis de montrer (1) qu’il n’y a pas de corrélation entre paramètres de perfusion et de densité vasculaire, (2) que lors du vieillissement chez les mâles, la cinétique d’évolution de la vascularisation osseuse diffère selon le fond génétique, et que la perte osseuse n’est pas accompagnée d’une diminution de la perfusion dans ce modèle, (3) que l’ovariectomie (OVX) induit une diminution de la vascularisation et de la perfusion osseuses qui précède la perte osseuse. Enfin, notre étude des effets vasculaires osseux structurels et fonctionnels de la parathormone 1-84 a montré qu’ils dépendent, à l’instar de ses effets sur la masse osseuse, de son mode d’administration, intermittent ou continu et qu’ils ne sont pas impactés par l’OVX
Vascularisation plays a major role in bone biology. Genetically modified mice became the most favorite model in this research field; however, the tools allowing bone vessel analysis on both structural (capillary network) and functional aspects (perfusion) in this animal model remain unsatisfactory. Our work consisted in adapting in mice the quantitative histomorphometry technique allowing the analysis of long bone vascularization, based on the infusion of barium sulfate, which was previously developed in the rat. In addition, we set up a reproducible Laser Doppler-Based technique for measurement of mouse tibia perfusion. In terms of structural analyses, and thank to 3D micro-Tomography imaging (Synchrotron or Nano scanner), we show the superiority of barium sulfate on a lead/silicon-Based contrast product (Microfil®)and its compatibility with common staining used in histology and with immuno-Histochemsitry of the vessel wall. We establish the reproducibility of the technique and propose a nomenclature. In terms of perfusion, we show, after having optimized the protocol by limiting the factors of variability, that Laser Doppler allows to measure, in a reproducible way, perfusion signals specific to bone. As long as the animal group size is appropriate (n=15), it becomes possible to carry out intergroup comparisons. These combined and integrated approaches, carried out on C57BL/6 and 129sv/Cd1 mice allowed us to show that (1) there is no correlation between perfusion and vascular density parameters (2) during ageing in males, the kinetics of bone vascularisation evolution differ according to the genetic background and that bone loss was not associated with decrease in perfusion in this model (3) that ovariectomy (OVX) induces a decrease in both bone vessel density and perfusion which precedes bone loss. Finally, we studied the structural and functional vascular effects of 1-84 parathyroid hormone and show that, as for its effects on bone mass, they depend on its mode of administration, intermittent or continuous and that they are not affected by OVX
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4

Peterson, Kainoa John. "Mechanical Properties of Bone Due to SOST Expression: A 3-Point Bending Assessment of Murine Femurs." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/748.

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Анотація:
Sclerostin, a protein coded for by the SOST gene, is an osteocyte-expressed negative regulator of bone formation. The absence of SOST in the genome may have an effect on bone formation both during skeletal maturation and full maturity. This study attempts to determine significant differences in the mechanical properties of bone that expresses SOST compared to bone that does not. One hundred femur samples from 6, 8, and 12 month old mice were obtained from Lawrence Livermore National Labs and loaded until failure using three-point bending. Results showed significant differences in treatment group effects for cross sectional area, yield force, and ultimate force. SOST knockout (KO) mice were found to have significantly higher values for these properties in comparison to transgenic (TG) and wildtype (WT) littermates. In addition, there was a noted effect dependent on the primary axis of loading, anterior-posterior versus medial-lateral. Lastly, data from this study support the existing hypothesis that there is no systematic side-to-side (left-right) difference in bone formation. This data may aid understanding of the role SOST has in bone formation. If the structural integrity and quality of bone resulting from the removal of the SOST gene is shown to be comparable to that of normal, healthy bone, the use of gene therapy to combat diseases/disorders such as osteoporosis may lead to important contributions to medical therapy.
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Heller, Amber Sky. "Histological Contributions to Species Identification of Calcined Bone from the Bull Brook and Morrill Point Mound Archaeological Sites." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2011. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HellerA2011.pdf.

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Vermeulen, Emma Emmerenza. "Implementation of hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) system in a food service unit serving immuno-suppressed patient diets / E.E. Vermeulen." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1179.

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Анотація:
Main aim: To supply recommendations to implement a Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points (HACCP) system in a hospital food service unit serving low bacterial diets in order to prevent or decrease the infection rates in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) patients. Objectives: Firstly, to investigate the current food safety and hygiene status in a hospital food service unit, serving low bacterial diets, by means of a questionnaire and bacterial swabs taken from the food service unit. Secondly, to utilize the gathered information in a structured action plan to implement HACCP standards successfully in the appointed food service unit. The implementation of HACCP will not be done by the author. Design: The primary research was done in a food service unit of a 350 bed private hospital. One unsuspected audit with a pre-designed audit form was done. The audit consisted out of ten categories. A percentage was allocated to each category. Four swabs, as well as four food samples, were taken during the audit. The swabs and samples were tested to assess the microbiological safety of the foods prepared in the appointed hospital food service unit. The results of the audit, swabs and food samples were used to evaluate the current Food and Safety System of the hospital food service unit according to internationally approved HACCP standards. Setting: The study was conducted in the metropolitan area of Gauteng, South Africa. Results: None of the ten areas audited was of an acceptable standard and an average of 37% was scored. Category 5, the service and distribution area, scored the highest (69%) and category 10, the quality procedures and records division, scored the lowest (6%). According to United States Food and Drug Administration Baseline Report five forbidden policies could lead to increased risk of food borne illnesses. All five forbidden policies were detected in the food service unit during the audit. The microbiological tests showed relatively high microbial counts. Conclusion: The results of the study confirmed that instead of focusing mainly on the selection of food items allowed, and the cooking methods used in HSCT diets, the type of food service, together with the food and safety protocol that the food service follows, could play an important role in providing food that is safe for HSCT patient use.
Thesis (M.Sc. (Dietetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
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7

Cevik, Muammer Ozgur. "Effects Of Neuropeptide-y (npy) On Bone Metabolism As A Neuromediator- A Definitive Study." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12604861/index.pdf.

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Анотація:
In order to elucidate the effects of NPY directly on bone tissue, two different doses of NPY (NPY dose 1= 1X10-5 M and NPY dose 2 = 1X 10&
#65533
6 M) and NPY dose 2 plus its inhibitor were applied together with hyaluronic acid (HA) into the intramedullary area of right tibia of Wistar rats. HA alone was administered as the control group. On three time points, day one, week one and week two after administration, the tibiae were collected and stored at &
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20oC for analysis. Evaluation was performed via conventional radiography, dual energy X-ray absorbtiometry (DEXA), quantitative computerized tomography (QCT), three point bending test (TPB) and histology techniques. QCT was used to assess both atomic content and density of both medulla and cortex of tibiae. From DEXA results, it was observed that inhibition of NPY causes an increase in the bone mass from first day to second week. This phenomena was also observed in histology results so that new bone formation in the inhibitor administered bone was encountered at week two. In both medulla and cortex areas&
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atomic content, an increase in average effective atomic number was displayed after administration of NPY plus NPY inhibitor throughout two weeks. In addition, density of medulla of tibiae measured by QCT also revealed an increase in bone mass when inhibitor is applied throughout two weeks. As a result, overall evaluation of data obtained from DEXA, QCT and histological analysis revealed that NPY inhibits bone formation or have a pro-osteoclastic effect
inversely HA displayed osteogenic effect.
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8

Cunliffe, Joanne. "The distance from the contact point to the crest of the bone to predict the presence of a black triangle." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-distance-from-the-contact-point-to-the-crest-of-the-bone-to-predict-the-presence-of-a-black-triangle(3c29822e-3068-443a-a017-08bbc86b03d9).html.

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Анотація:
Losing interdental gingival tissue can lead to a phenomemon known as black triangles. The absence of the interdental papilla (the so called 'black triangle disease') can cause patients problems with appearance, phonetics and with the impaction of food. The gingival soft tissues form the framework and the architecture of the dentition and, in the maxillary anterior region of the mouth, play an important role in dental aesthetics. If there is any change to the shape and/or symmetry of the gingivae through developmental, pathologic or iatrogenic factors, there can be a significant and detrimental change in the appearance and balance of the natural dentition and any prosthetic tooth replacement. In this clinical research study, we find that the radiographic measurement of the distance of the contact point to the crest of the bone is a valid and reliable tool to use. This method also adds strength to predicting black triangles as the results are similar to earlier studies and the numbers used in this study was nearly twice as much.
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Robertson, Galen Charles. "Quantification of Skeletal Phenotype Using Micro-CT and Mechanical Testing." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4874.

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With the vast array of genetically altered (knockout) mice becoming available there is a need for quantitative, repeatable, and efficient methodologies to characterize the phenotypic consequences of knocking out specific genes. Since knockout animals often have the ability to compensate for a single missing gene, it is important to examine the structural, material and morphological properties to obtain a thorough understanding of the changes occurring. For this project, femurs of knockout mice were first scanned using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) to obtain high-resolution images of the trabecular bone in the distal femur, as well as cortical bone in the mid-diaphysis. After scanning, the femurs were tested to destruction in four-point bending at the mid-diaphysis about the medial lateral axis of the femur. These methodologies allowed quantification of (1) morphologic properties such as bone volume fraction, trabecular properties and 2nd moment of the area (2) structural properties such as stiffness, maximum load at failure, and post yield deformation and (3) material properties such as bone mineral density, elastic modulus and yield strength. As part of two independent studies, two different knockout mice, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2 -/-) and Apolipoprotein E (APOE -/-), were examined for structure-function relationships using these methodologies. COX-2 knockout mice were found to have decreased mineral content in their femurs, and increased post yield deformation. APOE knockout mice at 10 weeks of age had decreased bone mass and structural properties. However, by 40 weeks of age APOE deficient mice caught up to and exceeded the structural properties and bone mass of their wild type counterparts.
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10

Granel, Henri. "Mise au point, caractérisation et optimisation d’hybrides organominéraux à base de polycaprolactone et bioverre pour la régénération tissulaire osseuse : Ingénierie tissulaire osseuse." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC106.

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Les avancées technologiques dans le domaine de la médecine régénérative ont permis l’accès à un vaste panel de biomatériaux. Pourtant, la réparation de certains défauts osseux continue de poser problèmes et des améliorations sont requises. Dans ce contexte, les propriétés des verres bioactifs (BV) en font des candidats sérieux. Ils sont d’ailleurs déjà utilisés, cependant, leur grande fragilité limite leurs applications et notamment leur utilisation comme scaffolds poreux. Le développement du procédé de synthèse sol-gel a contribué à résoudre ces difficultés.Cette technique permet de combiner le BV avec un polymère pour conférer au biomatériau de la ténacité. On peut alors envisager la création de scaffolds poreux adaptés à la régénération du tissu osseux. Récemment, le Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire est parvenu à synthétiser ce type de biomatériaux. Ce projet de recherche multidisciplinaire a eu pour objet le développement du procédé de synthèse ainsi que la caractérisation physico-chimique et biologique des hybrides. Cette thèse présente les résultats obtenus en se focalisant sur les propriétés biologiques des biomatériaux. Après avoir sélectionné le polycaprolactone (PCL) pour la phase organique, nous avons mis en évidence la bioactivité des scaffolds ainsi qu’une vitesse de dégradation lente associée à une forte ténacité. Nous avons ensuite caractérisé leur potentiel biologique in vitro à l’aide d’un modèle d’ostéoblastes primaires de rat. Nous avons observé que ces cellules osseuses primaires étaient capables d’adhérer sur les biomatériaux (BV-PCL) et de s’y différencier. Les résultats obtenus ont montré une supériorité des hybrides par rapport à une xénogreffe commerciale de référence. Une étude animale dans un modèle murin a permis de confirmer ces résultats et de valider le potentiel des scaffolds de BV-PCL. Des dopages inorganiques (strontium) et organiques (fisétine) ont permis de doubler la régénération osseuse observée avec le BVPCLdans notre modèle animal. Les biomatériaux hybrides que nous avons développés possèdent donc un fort potentiel en régénération tissulaire osseuse. De plus, l’utilisation de composés organiques d’origine alimentaire représente une stratégie innovante et efficace pour l’amélioration des propriétés ostéoinductives de biomatériaux osseux
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Книги з теми "Bone point"

1

Raz, Hilda. Truly bone: Poems. [Rosendale, N.Y.]: Women's Studio Workshop, 1998.

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Afsarimanesh, Nasrin, Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay, and Marlena Kruger. Electrochemical Biosensor: Point-of-Care for Early Detection of Bone Loss. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03706-2.

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Pamela, Levin. Perfect bones: A six-point plan to promote healthy bones. Ukiah, CA: Nourishing Co., 2000.

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The muscle and bone palpation manual with trigger points, referral patterns, and stretching. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby/Elsevier, 2009.

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Davis, Donald R. Bones, bombs and break points: The geography of economic activity. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.

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The Bon Secours Hospital Holden Coronary Care Unit, Grosse Pointe, Michigan. Mesa, Arizona: Dandelion Books, LLC, 2010.

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David, Legge. Close to the bone: The treatment of musculo-skeletal disorder with acupuncture and other traditional Chinese medicine. 2nd ed. Woy Woy, N.S.W: Sydney College Press, 1997.

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Close to the bone: The treatment of musculo-skeletal disorder with acupuncture and other traditional Chinese medicine. Woy Woy, NSW, Australia: Sydney College Press, 1990.

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Tshul-khrims-ye-śes. Phyi naṅ gsaṅ baʼi bsdus don ñer mkho ʼdod ʼjo ʼkhri śiṅ: An explanation on the essential points in understanding the three aspects of Bonpo ritual activity, with other texts on various aspects of ritual. Ochghat, Himachal Pradesh: Tibetan Bonpo Monastic Community, 1985.

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10

Wales), Biennale of Sydney (8th 1990 Art Gallery of New South. The readymade boomerang: Certain relations in 20th century art : Art Gallery of New South Wales, Bond Stores 3/4, Millers Point, 11 April-3 June 1990. Sydney: Biennale of Sydney, 1990.

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Частини книг з теми "Bone point"

1

Di Bella, Simone, and Rosalia Mineo. "The Engineer’s Point of View." In 3D Printing in Bone Surgery, 39–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91900-9_4.

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2

de Ricqlès, Armand J. "Some Remarks on Palaeohistology from a Comparative Evolutionary Point of View." In Histology of Ancient Human Bone: Methods and Diagnosis, 37–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77001-2_4.

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3

Bradfield, Justin. "Bone Point Functional Diversity: A Cautionary Tale from Southern Africa." In Osseous Projectile Weaponry, 31–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0899-7_3.

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Afsarimanesh, Nasrin, Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay, and Marlena Kruger. "State-of-the-Art of Sensing Technologies for Monitoring of Bone-Health." In Electrochemical Biosensor: Point-of-Care for Early Detection of Bone Loss, 7–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03706-2_2.

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Afsarimanesh, Nasrin, Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay, and Marlena Kruger. "Introduction." In Electrochemical Biosensor: Point-of-Care for Early Detection of Bone Loss, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03706-2_1.

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Afsarimanesh, Nasrin, Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay, and Marlena Kruger. "Planar Interdigital Sensors and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy." In Electrochemical Biosensor: Point-of-Care for Early Detection of Bone Loss, 33–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03706-2_3.

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7

Afsarimanesh, Nasrin, Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay, and Marlena Kruger. "Antigen-Antibody-Based Sensor for CTx-I Detection." In Electrochemical Biosensor: Point-of-Care for Early Detection of Bone Loss, 45–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03706-2_4.

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8

Afsarimanesh, Nasrin, Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay, and Marlena Kruger. "MIP-Based Sensor for CTx-I Detection." In Electrochemical Biosensor: Point-of-Care for Early Detection of Bone Loss, 59–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03706-2_5.

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9

Afsarimanesh, Nasrin, Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay, and Marlena Kruger. "IoT-Enabled Microcontroller-Based System." In Electrochemical Biosensor: Point-of-Care for Early Detection of Bone Loss, 93–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03706-2_6.

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Afsarimanesh, Nasrin, Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay, and Marlena Kruger. "Summary and Conclusions." In Electrochemical Biosensor: Point-of-Care for Early Detection of Bone Loss, 105–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03706-2_7.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Bone point"

1

Hovagimian, Harry, Chris Molica, and Kristen Billiar. "Osteoporotic equine bone modeling: 3-point bending of deer metacarpal bone." In 2011 37th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference (NEBEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nebc.2011.5778643.

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2

DeLand, Trevor S., Ashley E. Kendell, Todd W. Fenton, and Roger C. Haut. "Fracture Patterns From Three-Point Bending of Sheep Femora." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80648.

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Fracture patterns of long bones broken under various loading conditions have been well documented [1,8]. Of particular interest in the current study was the wedge or “butterfly” type fracture that occurs as a result of bending forces on a bone. Butterfly fractures generally consist of a characteristic “Y” shape across the long axis [1,7]. While no studies were found that examine the mechanism of such a fracture, it is generally accepted and widely published that the bottom of the Y fracture is found on the tensile side and the top split portion occurs on the compressive side of the neutral axis (Figure 1). This phenomenon is explained using basic solid mechanics principles. Since the tensile strength of bone is 133 MPa compared to a compressive strength of 193 MPa [6], bending initiates a transverse fracture on the tensile side. However, across the neutral axis, compressive forces dominate and tensile failure is thought not to continue. Since the shear strength of bone is 51.6 MPa [10], less than half the compressive strength, the bone appears to fail along the planes of maximum shear stress at 45° to the transverse split [3].
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Askew, Michael J., Gary B. Schneider, Kristina J. Grecco, Jason Hsu, Emily Mugler, and Donald A. Noe. "Effect of Pharmaceutical Bone Growth Stimulation With Novel Anabolic Peptides: Biomechanical and Bone Density Measurements in a Rat Model." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43044.

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Pharmaceutical bone growth stimulation holds promise for prevention and treatment bone disorders, and the enhancement of fracture healing. Bone growth hormones have begun to have limited clinical use, but can illicit adverse side effects. Recent studies have shown that short peptides (less than 15 amino acids) derived from the protein sequence of Vitamin D Binding Protein (DBP), can enhance bone formation (osteogenesis). These peptides may have potential as controllable bone growth stimulators without the adverse side effects and cost of bone growth hormones. Rats, injected every other day for two weeks with DBP-based peptide fragments ranging from 3 to 13 amino acids in length, were euthanized and the tibias and femurs were scanned by peripheral quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT) to determine bone density and cross-sectional geometric properties. The bones were then tested in three-point bending to determine strength and bending modulus. Injection of DBP-based peptides over only a 2-week period resulted in significant (p&lt;0.05) increases in bone density and material properties in the experimental rat bones in comparison to controls injected with saline. The short length of these effective peptides suggests their use not only in systemic injections but also as clinically convenient pills taken orally for pharmaceutically induced bone growth stimulation.
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Haddad, Oussama, Julien Leboucher, Jocelyne Troccaz, and Eric Stindel. "Initialized Iterative Closest Point for bone recognition in ultrasound volumes." In 2016 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2016.7900060.

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5

Womack, Wesley J., and Christian M. Puttlitz. "Diametral Compression of Hollow Non-Circular Bone Sections." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176445.

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Many research endeavors involve strength testing of long bones from human or animal sources. Whole-bone four-point bending is appropriate for many applications, but recently diametral compression of short sections has been used to quantify local mechanical parameters [1, 2]. ASME standard WK88 covers strength testing of circular rings for brittle materials [3]. Testing of biologically-derived samples, however, entails a number of added complications, such as the non-circularity of bone sections, ambiguity of load orientation, thickness variation in a section, and size and shape variation between sections in a single sample. In order to quantify the effects of these confounding factors, finite element diametral compression models of a number of bone sections were compared with circular and elliptical sections.
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6

Mayer, Raphael M., Alireza Mohammadi, Ying Tan, Gursel Alici, Peter Choong, and Denny Oetomo. "Psychometric Evaluation of Multi-Point Bone-Conducted Tactile Stimulation on the Three Bony Landmarks of the Elbow." In 2020 8th IEEE RAS/EMBS International Conference for Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biorob49111.2020.9224406.

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7

Fang, Ziwen, Allison N. Ranslow, and Reuben H. Kraft. "Computational Micromechanics of Trabecular Porcine Skull Bone Using the Material Point Method." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67748.

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The trabecular bone in the porcine skull is geometrically complex. It can be characterized experimentally, but requires many test configurations, loading rates, and samples to develop trusted constitutive models that fully characterize the complexity. Typically, Lagrangian finite element simulations are used in the bone modeling community to replicate experimental results for model validation and determination of material properties. In this approach, microCT images are used to develop anatomically accurate surfaces that are then volume meshed. While this modeling approach is valuable, there are some limitations. For example, with high-resolution micoCT data, traditional meshing techniques have proven to be insufficient. Specifically with highly porous trabecular bone data, the complexity of the pore architecture is difficult to be replicated by finite element mesh. To overcome this challenge, the application of material point method (MPM) has been investigated for analyzing the material properties of trabecular bone. This meshless method requires a “particle mesh” that can be derived directly from the microCT data. This process is much easier than developing a finite element mesh. Preliminary results have focused on generating the stress-strain curves for quasi-static loading and comparing numerical predictions with experimental results, as well as verifying the MPM against the finite element method. Initial results are promising and we have seen good comparison with experimental results. Parallel scalability of MPM has also been assessed since large-scale simulations can be expected for the future research.
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8

Sevostianov, Vladislav. "Evaluation of Decalcification Induced Changes in Bone Strength Using Electrical Conductivity Measurements." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38638.

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The paper focuses on the effect of decalcification on microstructure and the mechanical and electrical properties of cortical bone. Decalcification is produced by placing the specimens into 5% vinegar acid for 72 hours. This acid treatment leads to a decrease in mass of the specimens 7.78 % (averaged over ten acid treated specimens). Microstructure of natural bone and acid treated bone is then compared using confocal microscopy. To estimate effect of acid treatment on electrical resistivity of bone, the specimens are rinsed and saturated with 0.9% NaCl solution for ten minutes. Then electrical resistance is measured by the four-point method and electrical resistivity is calculated. Averaging over ten acid treated specimens and ten control specimens show that decalcification lead to increase of electrical resistivity 5.85 times. Comparison of mechanical properties of natural and acid treated bones is done by three point bending using Instron 5882 testing machine. It is observed that 7.78 % mass loss in cortical bone yields reduction of the Young’s modulus about 2.7 times and bending strength of the specimens by 35%. A positive correlation between change in strength and Young’s modulus and electrical resistivity of the individual specimens is observed. The obtained results allows one to estimate changes in mechanical and electrical properties of bone from known losses in bone mass and, thus, non-destructively evaluate the decrease in bone strength through changes in electrical resistivity.
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9

Jiang, Feifei, Jie Chen, David E. Komatsu, and Shuning Li. "Healing Progress of Fractured Bone: A Longitudinal Study." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-204787.

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In orthopedics research, assessment of fracture healing progress is vital for evaluating treatment strategies and drug effects. Currently, biomechanical testing represents the ‘gold standard’ for determining the extent of healing, with the parameters of stiffness and strength most often reported. Unfortunately, such testing requires destructive examination of samples, which allows healing to be checked at only one time-point per animal. Thus, evaluation of healing requires large sample sizes to achieve statistical power. In contrast, longitudinal studies of individual animals allows for self-comparison, which is more reliable, and can be used to evaluate bone healing as time elapses. Recently, longitudinal radiographic assessment of bone healing in rats, using parameters such the level of bone mineralization, morphological changes, and distribution of the mineralized bone, has been reported. However, the ability to quantify the biomechanical properties of healing bones based on longitudinal radiographic images provides an tremendous opportunity to increase the value of such studies.
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10

Gohil, Vipul P., Paul K. Canavan, and Hamid Nayeb-Hashemi. "Effect of Bone Tumor and Osteoporosis on Mechanical Properties of Bone and Bone Tissue Properties: A Finite Element Study." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42389.

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This research is aimed to study the variations in the biomechanical behavior of bone and bone tissues with osteoporosis and bone tumors. Osteoporosis and bone tumors reduce the mechanical strength of bone, which creates a greater risk of fracture. In the United States alone, ten million individuals, eight million of whom are women, are estimated to already have osteoporosis, and almost 34 million more are estimated to have low bone mass (osteopenia) placing them at increased risk for osteoporosis. World Health Organization defines osteopenia, as a bone density between one and two and a half standard deviations (SD) below the bone density of a normal young adult. (Osteoporosis is defined as 2.5 SD or more below that reference point.). Together, osteoporosis and osteopenia are expected to affect an estimated 52 million women and men age 50 and older by 2010, and 61 million by 2020. The current medical cost of osteoporosis total is nearly about $18 billion in the U.S. each year. There is a dearth of literature that addresses the effects of osteoporosis on bone tissue properties. Furthermore, there are few studies published related to the effect of bone tumors such as Adamantinoma of long bones, Aneurysmal bone cyst, Hemangioma and others on overall behavior of bone. To understand the variations in bio-mechanical properties of internal tissues of bone with osteoporosis and bone tumor, a 2D finite element (FE) model of bone is developed using ANSYS 9.0 ® (ANSYS Inc., Canonsburg, PA). Trabecular bone is modeled using hexagonal and voronoi cellular structure. This finite element model is subjected to change in BVF (bone volume fraction) and bone architecture caused by osteoporosis. The bone tumor is modeled as finer multi-cellular structure and the effects of its size, location, and property variation of tumor on overall bone behavior are studied. Results from this analysis and comparative data are used to determine behavior of bone and its tissue over different stage of osteoporosis and bone tumor. Results indicate that both bone tumor and osteoporosis significantly change the mechanical properties of the bone. The results show that osteoporosis increases the bone tissue stiffness significantly as BVF reduces. Bone tissue stiffness is found to increase by 80 percent with nearly 55 percent reduction of BVF. The results and methods developed in this research can be implemented to monitor variation in bio-mechanical properties of bone up to tissue level during medication or to determine type and time for need of external support such as bracing.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Bone point"

1

Davis, Donald, and David Weinstein. Bones, Bombs and Break Points: The Geography of Economic Activity. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8517.

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Hodgdon, Taylor, Brendan West, Julie Parno, Theodore Letcher, Zoe Courville, and Lauren Farnsworth. Extracting sintered snow properties from microCT imagery to initialize a discrete element method model. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45305.

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Modeling snow’s mechanical behavior is important for many cold regions engineering problems. Because snow’s microstructure plays a significant role in its mechanical response, it is imperative to initialize models with accurate bond characteristics and realistic snow-grain geometries to precisely capture the microstructure interactions. Previous studies have processed microcomputed tomography scans of snow samples with a watershed method to extract grain geometries. This approach relies on identification of seed points to segment each grain. Our new methodology, called the “moving window method,” does not require prior knowledge of the snow-grain-size distribution to identify seed points. We use the interconnectivity of the segmented grains to identify bond characteristics. We compare the resultant grain-size and bond-size distributions to the known grain sizes of the laboratory-made snow samples. The grain-size distributions from the moving window method closely match the known grain sizes, while both results from the traditional method produce grains that are too large. We propose that the bond net-work identified using the traditional method underestimates the number of bonds and overestimates bond radii. Our method allows us to segment realistic snow grains and their associated bonds, without prior knowledge of the samples, from which we can initialize numerical models of the snow.
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3

Richardson, Jeremy, Eric Dixon, and Ted Boettner. Repairing the damage: cleaning up hazardous coal ash can create jobs and improve the environment. Union of Concerned Scientists, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47923/2021.12306.

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Although coal has powered the nation for generations and today offers well-paying jobs—often the best opportunities in more rural areas—coal negatively affects human health and the environment at every point in its life cycle: when it is mined, processed, transported, burned, and discarded (Freese, Clemmer, and Nogee 2008). Local communities— often low-income communities and/or communities of color—have for decades borne the brunt of these negative impacts, including air pollution, water pollution, and work- place injuries, illnesses, and fatalities.
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4

Richardson, Jeremy, Eric Dixon, and Ted Boettner. Repairing the damage: cleaning up hazardous coal ash can create jobs and improve the environment. Union of Concerned Scientists, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47923/2021.14314.

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Although coal has powered the nation for generations and today offers well-paying jobs—often the best opportunities in more rural areas—coal negatively affects human health and the environment at every point in its life cycle: when it is mined, processed, transported, burned, and discarded (Freese, Clemmer, and Nogee 2008). Local communities— often low-income communities and/or communities of color—have for decades borne the brunt of these negative impacts, including air pollution, water pollution, and work- place injuries, illnesses, and fatalities.
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5

Weiss, Charles, William McGinley, Bradford Songer, Madeline Kuchinski, and Frank Kuchinski. Performance of active porcelain enamel coated fibers for fiber-reinforced concrete : the performance of active porcelain enamel coatings for fiber-reinforced concrete and fiber tests at the University of Louisville. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40683.

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A patented active porcelain enamel coating improves both the bond between the concrete and steel reinforcement as well as its corrosion resistance. A Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program to develop a commercial method for production of porcelain-coated fibers was developed in 2015. Market potential of this technology with its steel/concrete bond improvements and corrosion protection suggests that it can compete with other fiber reinforcing systems, with improvements in performance, durability, and cost, especially as compared to smooth fibers incorporated into concrete slabs and beams. Preliminary testing in a Phase 1 SBIR investigation indicated that active ceramic coatings on small diameter wire significantly improved the bond between the wires and the concrete to the point that the wires achieved yield before pullout without affecting the strength of the wire. As part of an SBIR Phase 2 effort, the University of Louisville under contract for Ceramics, Composites and Coatings Inc., proposed an investigation to evaluate active enamel-coated steel fibers in typical concrete applications and in masonry grouts in both tension and compression. Evaluation of the effect of the incorporation of coated fibers into Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) was examined using flexural and compressive strength testing as well as through nanoindentation.
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6

Equiza, Juan, Ricardo Gimeno, Antonio Moreno, and Carlos Thomas. Evaluating central bank asset purchases in a term structure model with a forward-looking supply factor. Madrid: Banco de España, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/25046.

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Анотація:
The theoretical literature on term structure models emphasises the importance of the expected absorption of duration risk during the residual life of term bonds in order to understand the yield curve effect of central banks’ government bond purchases. Motivated by this, we develop a forward-looking, long-horizon measure of euro area government bond supply net of Eurosystem holdings, and use it to estimate the impact of the ECB’s asset purchase programmes in the context of a no-arbitrage affine term structure model. We find that an asset purchase shock equivalent to 10% of euro area GDP lowers the 10-year average yield of the euro area big four by 59 basis points (bp) and the associated term premium by 50 bp. Applying the model to the risk-free (OIS) yield curve, the same shock lowers the 10-year rate and term premium by 35 and 26 bp, respectively.
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7

Ibáñez, Ana María, Sandra Rozo, and Maria J. Urbina. Forced Migration and the Spread of Infectious Diseases. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002894.

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Анотація:
We examine the role of Venezuelan forced migration on the propagation of 15 infectious dis-eases in Colombia. For this purpose, we use rich municipal-monthly panel data. We exploit the fact that municipalities closer to the main migration entry points have a disproportionate ex-posure to infected migrants when the cumulative migration flows increase. We find that higher refugee inflows are associated with increments in the incidence of vaccine-preventable dis-eases, such as chickenpox and tuberculosis, as well as sexually transmitted diseases, including AIDS and syphilis. However, we find no significant effects of migration on the propagation of vector-borne diseases. Contact with infected migrants upon arrival seems to be the main driving mechanism.
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8

Marsden, Eric. Partage des modèles de sécurité entre donneurs d’ordres et entreprises intervenantes. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/360upb.

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Анотація:
Ce document s’intéresse à la sécurité des activités industrielles dans lesquelles une part importante du travail est externalisée ou sous-traitée. Ces activités impliquent une collaboration entre de nombreuses entreprises, dont l’entreprise utilisatrice (dite aussi donneur d’ordres) et un ensemble d’entreprises intervenantes. Les relations entre entreprises utilisatrices et intervenantes sont très variables, certaines pouvant être proches de la mise à disposition de main d’œuvre, où les règles de sécurité, la formation aux risques et l’évaluation des risques des activités sont principalement déterminées par l’entreprise utilisatrice, selon son référentiel interne; et d’autres où l’expertise ainsi que la connaissance des risques des opérations conduites et des méthodes de travail sûres sont plus développées chez l’entreprise intervenante que chez l’entreprise utilisatrice. La sécurité ne peut être décrétée depuis le siège d'une grande entreprise, mais doit être co-construite par l'ensemble des acteurs: concepteurs des installations, rédacteurs des modes opératoires et du référentiel de sécurité, personnes préparant et planifiant les interventions, et personnes intervenant sur le terrain. La définition et la mise en œuvre passent donc d’une organisation verticale avec un donneur d’ordres à la tête, vers une organisation plus horizontale entre partenaires. Cette organisation nécessite une bonne coordination entre les acteurs, dans le cadre d'une relation partenariale. Ce document analyse différentes modalités de cette coordination entre les acteurs et leurs effets sur la sécurité. Il identifie un certain nombre de points posant problème dans la relation entre les entreprises utilisatrices et intervenantes, en particulier dans le domaine de la maintenance et les travaux neufs, et suggère un certain nombre de bonnes pratiques pour améliorer le partenariat et donner du sens à la notion de co-construction de la sécurité.
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9

Adebayo, Oliver, Joanna Aldoori, William Allum, Noel Aruparayil, Abdul Badran, Jasmine Winter Beatty, Sanchita Bhatia, et al. Future of Surgery: Technology Enhanced Surgical Training: Report of the FOS:TEST Commission. The Royal College of Surgeons of England, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/fos2.2022.

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Анотація:
Over the past 50 years the capability of technology to improve surgical care has been realised and while surgical trainees and trainers strive to deliver care and train; the technological ‘solutions’ market continues to expand. However, there remains no coordinated process to assess these technologies. The FOS:TEST Report aimed to (1) define the current, unmet needs in surgical training, (2) assess the current evidence-base of technologies that may be beneficial to training and map these onto both the patient and trainee pathway and (3) make recommendations on the development, assessment, and adoption of novel surgical technologies. The FOS:TEST Commission was formed by the Association of Surgeons in Training (ASiT), The Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCS England) Robotics and Digital Surgery Group and representatives from all trainee specialty associations. Two national datasets provided by Health Education England were used to identify unmet surgical training needs through qualitative analysis against pre-defined coding frameworks. These unmet needs were prioritised at two virtual consensus hackathons and mapped to the patient and trainee pathway and the capabilities in practice (CiPs) framework. The commission received more than 120 evidence submissions from surgeons in training, consultant surgeons and training leaders. Following peer review, 32 were selected that covered a range of innovations. Contributors also highlighted several important key considerations, including the changing pedagogy of surgical training, the ethics and challenges of big data and machine learning, sustainability, and health economics. This summates to 7 Key Recommendations and 51 concluding statements. The FOS:TEST Commission was borne out of what is a pivotal point in the digital transformation of surgical training. Academic expertise and collaboration will be required to evaluate efficacy of any novel training solution. However, this must be coupled with pragmatic assessments of feasibility and cost to ensure that any intervention is scalable for national implementation. Currently, there is no replacement for hands-on operating. However, for future UK and ROI surgeons to stay relevant in a global market, our training methods must adapt. The Future of Surgery: Technology Enhanced Surgical Training Report provides a blueprint for how this can be achieved.
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10

Brandl, Maria T., Shlomo Sela, Craig T. Parker, and Victor Rodov. Salmonella enterica Interactions with Fresh Produce. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592642.bard.

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Анотація:
The emergence of food-borne illness outbreaks linked to the contamination of fruits and vegetables is a great concern in industrialized countries. The current lack of control measures and effective sanitization methods prompt the need for new strategies to reduce contamination of produce. Our ability to assess the risk associated with produce contamination and to devise innovative control strategies depends on the identification of critical determinants that affect the growth and the persistence of human pathogens on plants. Salmonella enterica, a common causal agent of illness linked to produce, has the ability to colonize and persist on plants. Thus, our main objective was to identify plant-inducible genes that have a role in the growth and/or persistence of S. enterica on postharvest lettuce. Our findings suggest that in-vitro biofilm formation tests may provide a suitable model to predict the initial attachment of Salmonella to cut-romaine lettuce leaves and confirm that Salmonella could persist on lettuce during shelf-life storage. Importantly, we found that Salmonella association with lettuce increases its acid-tolerance, a trait which might be correlated with an enhanced ability of the pathogen to pass through the acidic barrier of the stomach. We have demonstrated that Salmonella can internalize leaves of iceberg lettuce through open stomata. We found for the first time that internalization is an active bacterial process mediated by chemotaxis and motility toward nutrient produced in the leaf by photosynthesis. These findings may provide a partial explanation for the failure of sanitizers to efficiently eradicate foodborne pathogens in leafy greens and may point to a novel mechanism utilized by foodborne and perhaps plant pathogens to colonize leaves. Using resolvase in vivo expression technology (RIVET) we have managed to identify multiple Salmonella genes, some of which with no assigned function, which are involved in attachment to and persistence of Salmonella on lettuce leaves. The precise function of these genes in Salmonella-leaf interactions is yet to be elucidated. Taken together, our findings have advanced the understanding of how Salmonella persist in the plant environment, as well as the potential consequences upon ingestion by human. The emerging knowledge opens new research directions which should ultimately be useful in developing new strategies and approaches to reduce leaf contamination and enhance the safety of fresh produce.
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