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Статті в журналах з теми "Body image in adolescence – united states"
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Shagar, Pravina Santhira, Neil Harris, Jennifer Boddy, and Caroline L. Donovan. "The Relationship Between Body Image Concerns and Weight-Related Behaviours of Adolescents and Emerging Adults: A Systematic Review." Behaviour Change 34, no. 4 (December 2017): 208–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2018.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This systematic review investigates evidence on the association between body image concerns and weight-related behaviours of adolescents and emerging adults. It includes peer-reviewed journal articles reporting research involving body image concerns and weight-related behaviours of adolescents and emerging adults, published between 2005–2017, and located through systematic searches from four databases. This review includes studies from 11 countries or regions: United States (n = 13), Asia (n = 9), Europe (n = 8), Middle East (n = 3), South America (Brazil; n = 3), Canada (n = 3), Australia (n = 1), New Zealand (n = 1), Trinidad (n = 1), Turkey (n = 1) and Seychelles (n = 1); 24 different countries (n = 1); three Asian countries and the United States (n = 1). Out of 46 studies included in this review, 45 studies reported a positive association between body image concerns and weight-related behaviours. Adolescents and emerging adults who misperceived their weight engaged in weight-related behaviours. Higher body dissatisfaction had a significant association in the development of eating disorders and extreme weight-loss behaviours. Body image concerns play a significant role in adolescents and emerging adults engaging in weight-related behaviours. Experimental research designs are required to determine the causality of this association. Evidence strongly suggests policy makers and public health practitioners contemplate strategies to promote positive body image and healthy weight-related behaviours among adolescents and emerging adults.
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Ramadhanty, Dania Mirza, and Bernie Endyarni Medise. "Excessive body weight and its relationship to body image in teenagers aged 16–18 years old in South Jakarta." World Nutrition Journal 4, no. 1-3 (October 27, 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25220/wnj.v04.s3.0033.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective. Overweight is one of the health problems that often occur in children and adolescents throughout the world, both in developed and developing countries. Study results in USA showed yearly increase of overweight prevalence in children aged 2–19 years old. In addition, based on the results by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2010 in United States, the highest percentage of overweight and obesity by age group was found at 12–19 years old (33.6%). Basic Health Research/Riskesdas’s data in 2013 showed the prevalence of overweight in adolescents aged 16–18 years old in Indonesia reached the highest value of 11.5%. Moreover, most teenagers see their body images as a match between self’s and others’ ideal perception. Teenagers with positive body image tend to be more confident and also easier to get along with other people, especially their peers. In this study, researcher aimed to investigate the relationship between teenagers who have excess body weight with body image, whether it had positive or negative impact.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Data collection was done from December 2017 to January 2018. Data collected were anthropometric measurements (weight and height) and the King College London Body Image Questionnaire's filled by participants. From 400 subjects who filled the questionnaires, a total of 350 participants matched the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Chi square test was done as data analysis.Results: Chi-square analysis for excess body weight status in relation to body image scores showed no relationship (p=1,000).Conclusions: There was no significant relationship between excessive body weight and body image.
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Santhi Muttipoll Dharmarajlu, Sarah Ali Maqbul, Rawaby Hamad Tlhy, Shahad Eisa Aqili, Kholoud Mohammed Arbey, Raseel Uthman Yaqoub, Shahad Mohammed Osaili, and Manar Saleem Aljehani. "The impact of Social Media Affinity on eating attitudes and body dissatisfaction among school-age children and adolescent girls studying in Farasan governorate school, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Contemporary Microbiology 9, no. 1 (August 10, 2023): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/ijcmicro.v9i1.19515.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose: The use of the internet for social networking has become a global phenomenon, as the number of social network users worldwide increased from 2.3 billion in 2016 to around 2.6 billion in 2018. 92% of United States adolescents report daily usage of social media, and 24% of them go online “almost constantly”. This study aimed to evaluate the Impact of social media affinity on Eating Attitudes and Body Dissatisfaction among School and adolescent children. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Farasan school from January 2022 to February 2022. A total of 75 students were selected by the non-probability purposive sampling technique. 5-point Likert scale on social media affinity (13 items), Body dissatisfaction was assessed by BSQ 8-c, and a 4-point Likert scale (26 items) was used to assess the eating attitude.Results: The majority of participants were females (81%). Out of this 75% were using social media every day and half of the percentage (50.7%) using WhatsApp. The total mean score for social media affinity was 49.72±5.61 out of 55. It concludes that higher scores indicate higher social media affinity. The mean score for eating attitude was 53.48±9.74. It interprets that a cut-off score of 20 or above indicates children had a high risk of developing an eating disorder. The participants’ Body Shape Dissatisfaction Questionnaire mean score was 23.37±6.39. it shows scores less than 25 mean mild concerns with a shape that indicates probable cases of distorted body image. Conclusion: social media and peer pressure has greatly affected the lifestyle and eating choices of students. Emphasizing the importance of parenting style for adolescents’ sense of empowerment and underscoring the need for parental involvement in prevention programs.Keywords: Social media Affinity, Eating Attitudes, Body Dissatisfaction, School Age Children, Adolescent Girls
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Marchi, Kristen S., and Sylvia Guendelman. "Gender Differences in the Sexual Behavior of Latino Adolescents: An Exploratory Study in a Public High School in the San Francisco Bay Area." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 15, no. 2 (July 1994): 209–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/627l-hldj-xmva-wcm9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with sexual behavior among urban, first-generation Latino adolescents. Methods: Data were collected with self-administered questionnaires on 176 (98 girls and 78 boys) Latino high school students between the ages of Fifteen and nineteen years, of whom 76 percent were born in Latin America and 34 percent had lived in the United States for two years or less. The outcome variables measured three levels of sexual activity, defined as: sexual abstinence, “making out” (kissing passionately, or kissing “using one's tongue”), and sexual intercourse. The key predictors were gender and acculturation. Other variables included information on socio-demographics, self and body-image, college aspirations, and family structure/relationships. Stratified analysis was conducted for each gender. Results: Twenty percent of boys and 27 percent of girls were abstainers. Whereas girls were more likely than boys to “make out” only (47% vs. 26%), boys were more likely to engage in sexual intercourse (54% vs. 26%). For girls, there was a negative association between making out and maternal punishment, feeling close to both parents and paternal love. Sexual intercourse was inversely associated with having educational goals beyond high school and presence of parental love, and positively correlated with age and maternal communication about sex. In boys, the predictors of “making out” were feeling close to both parents and Spanish language spoken with friends, and for sexual intercourse the significant predictors were feeling close to both parents, presence of an older sister, and body-image. Conclusions: The results indicate that family structure and relationships, personal characteristics, and acculturation play important but different roles in the sexual development of Latino adolescent girls and boys. Sex education curricula should take these gender and family influences into account.
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Christogiorgos, Stelios, Dimitris Tzikas, Marie-Ange Widdershoven-Zervaki, Panagiota Dimitropoulou, Eftychia Athanassiadou, and George Giannakopoulos. "Hypochondriacal Anxieties in Adolescence." Open Psychology Journal 6, no. 1 (June 14, 2013): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874350101306010006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hypochondriasis is one of the most characteristic psychopathological entities related to the disturbance of the body image, which is the result of complicated identifications with damaged internal objects. Transient hypochondriacal states frequently appear during periods of huge changes, such as phases of bodily growth. They often manifest themselves in adolescence which is the most favourable period for them to appear. The bodily part or function that has changed, and which was initially experienced as threatening or foreign, needs time and experience to become integrated into the total representation of the body. A case example is presented here and implications for child psychotherapy are discussed.
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Coyne, Sarah M., Emily Weinstein, J. Andan Sheppard, Spencer James, Megan Gale, Megan Van Alfen, Nora Ririe, et al. "Analysis of Social Media Use, Mental Health, and Gender Identity Among US Youths." JAMA Network Open 6, no. 7 (July 24, 2023): e2324389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.24389.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ImportanceMental health among children and adolescents is a critical public health issue, and transgender and gender nonbinary youths are at an even greater risk. Social media has been consistently associated with youth mental health, but little is known about how gender identity interacts with this association.ObjectiveTo use a risk and resilience approach to examine the association between social media use and mental health among transgender, gender nonbinary, and cisgender youths.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study analyzed data collected from an online survey between May and August 2021. Participants included a random sample of US youths; eligibility requirements included being aged 10 to 17 years and residing in the US. Statistical analysis was performed from February to April 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSocial media use (time, type of use, favorite site, social comparisons, mindfulness, taking intentional breaks, cleaning and curating feeds, problematic use, and media literacy programs at their school) and mental health (depression, emotional problems, conduct problems, and body image) as main outcomes.ResultsParticipants included 1231 youths aged 10 to 17 years from a national quota sample from the United States; 675 (54.8%) identified as cisgender female, 479 (38.9%) as cisgender male, and 77 (6.3%) as transgender, gender nonbinary, or other; 4 (0.3%) identified as American Indian or Alaska Native, 111 (9.0%) as Asian, 185 (15.0%) as Black, 186 (15.1%) as Hispanic or Latinx, 1 (0.1%) as Pacific Islander, 703 (57.1%) as White, and 41 (3.3%) as mixed and/or another race or ethnicity. Gender identity moderated both the strength and the direction of multiple associations between social media practices and mental health: active social media use (eg, emotional problems: B = 1.82; 95% CI, 0.16 to 3.49; P = .03), cleaning and/or curating social media feeds (eg, depression: B = −0.91; 95% CI, −1.98 to −0.09; P = .03), and taking intentional breaks (eg, depression: B = 1.03; 95% CI, 0.14 to 1.92; P = .02).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of gender identity, social media, and mental health, gender identity was associated with youths’ experiences of social media in ways that may have distinct implications for mental health. These results suggest that research about social media effects on youths should attend to gender identity; directing children and adolescents to spend less time on social media may backfire for those transgender and gender nonbinary youths who are intentional about creating safe spaces on social media that may not exist in their offline world.
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Collison, James, and Lisa Harrison. "Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Predictors of Body Image Disturbance in Adolescence." Adolescent Psychiatry 10, no. 3 (December 21, 2020): 206–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210676610999200420112129.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Body dysmorphic disorder encompasses a range of cognitive and behavioural states stemming from distressing, negative evaluations of one’s appearance. Despite the seriousness of this condition, little is known about who is likely to receive a diagnosis and more importantly what the putative risk factors are. This is particularly so among adolescent samples, where the extant literature is considerably smaller. Objective: This study had two broad aims: to estimate the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder within a young-adult population, and to examine the predictors of body image disturbance. Methods: Three-hundred and four adolescents (242 females; Mage = 17.68) completed the Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire and Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire, along with measures of clinical psychopathology, self-esteem, experiences of parenting, and bullying. Results: Body dysmorphic disorder was present in 3.9% of the sample, which is in line with previous estimates among adolescents. More interestingly, results indicated that instances of high stress, low self-esteem, and reported experiences of bullying were able to predict 48% of body image dissatisfaction. Conclusions: Psychological interventions should be directed towards adolescents with body image concerns, especially if they also report bullying, elevated stress, or diminished selfesteem. However, additional research is still warranted to gain an increasingly accurate understanding of the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder and who is susceptible to developing this disorder and how we can best serve these individuals in the community.
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Martin, Jeanne B. "The Development of Ideal Body Image Perceptions in the United States." Nutrition Today 45, no. 3 (May 2010): 98–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nt.0b013e3181dec6a2.
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&NA;. "The Development of Ideal Body Image Perceptions in the United States." Nutrition Today 45, no. 3 (May 2010): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nt.0b013e3181e37f75.
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Bowling, Jessamyn, Erin Basinger, and Erika A. Montanaro. "“Making Peace” with Bodies and Sexual Selves: Changes during COVID-19 among Adults in the United States." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (October 21, 2021): 11063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111063.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the physical and mental health of many and has necessitated widespread societal shifts, including changes to work and family activities. These changes have impacted individuals’ identity, including their sexual self-image and body image, yet research on perceptions of these changes is missing. This study reports on quantitative and qualitative data from an electronic survey with adults in the United States (N = 326) to examine these perceptions. Body appreciation did not significantly differ between demographic groups. Themes emerging from the qualitative results included changes in general self-image (becoming more restricted or disempowered), changes in sexual self-image (deepening, becoming more sexy/sexual, or less sexy/sexual), and changes in body image (positive, negative, and neutral). Our findings point to positive, negative, and neutral effects on sexual self-image and body image, implying that nuanced approaches are needed to understand how identity has transformed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Дисертації з теми "Body image in adolescence – united states"
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Taylor, Chelsea Anne. "The Relationship between Sexual Abuse and Body Image of Members of the United States Military." TopSCHOLAR®, 2017. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2036.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sexual abuse on body image of United States military service members and veterans. Participants completed an online questionnaire (n = 63) that measured their demographics, military status, sexual abuse experiences, combat experiences, relationships during deployment, and body image. Average scores on body image measures from participants who experienced sexual abuse (n = 10) were compared with average scores on body image measures from participants who did not experience sexual abuse (n = 49). Results indicate that there was not a significant difference in body image between service members who have and who have not experienced sexual abuse; however, results approached statistical significance for analyses evaluating whether service members lower in rank were at an increased risk for experiencing more sexual abuse than service members of higher rank. Implications include intervention that focuses on overall military body perception and treatment of alternative effects of sexual abuse. This research contributes to the literature as one of the first studies to assess the relationship between body image and sexual abuse in service members of the U.S. military.
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Bann, Erin Elaine. "Effects of media representations of a cultural ideal of feminine beauty on self body image in college-aged women : an interactive qualitative analysis /." Thesis, Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/1624.
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Okopny, Cara L. "Reconstructing Women's Identities: The Phenomenon Of Cosmetic Surgery In The United States." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001111.
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Garcia-Rea, Elizabeth Ann. "Acculturation and Sociocultural Influences as Predictors of Family Relationships and Body Image Dissatisfaction in African American, Hispanic American, and European American Women." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5463/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ethnic differences in etiological factors linked to body image dissatisfaction and eating disorders were examined. In addition, the interaction of acculturation and body image dissatisfaction in influencing minority women's relationships with their parents was investigated. Participants consisted of 302 undergraduates from three ethnic groups: Caucasian, Hispanic American, and African American women who were administered self-report measures. Differences were not found between the groups in body image dissatisfaction. Low self-esteem, internalization of the thin ideal, and family emphasis on weight and appearance were all related to more body image dissatisfaction for each of these groups; however, differences in degree of endorsement were also noted between the ethnic groups on these factors. Based on the interaction findings (body image x acculturation) separation from one's mother was found in the area of attitudes and emotions for the Hispanic sample but not for the African American sample on any of the parent scales. Areas for future research and implications for diagnosis and treatment of minority populations are also discussed.
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Layport, Jill E. ""The Grind" : MTV and female body image." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34054.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research addresses the relationship between television
programming and body image. It specifically investigates what the Music
Television network's (MTV) dance show, "The Grind," communicates
about female body image. Two studies were conducted. Study one used
seven coders from a western United States high school to record female
body images using E. Collins (1991) seven female figure drawings. From
the 2,367 female body images recorded, the dominant female image
portrayed on "The Grind" emphasizes thinness. The research discovered
that female images were slightly thinner than the perceived average
female. Furthermore, the perceived White female images were slightly
thinner than the Black or Hispanic perceived body images. Compatibility
of the body image figures developed by E. Collins were also recorded.
The study revealed the scale to be somewhat compatible, but not a
perfect fit for White, Black, and Hispanic female images.
The second study showed an episode of "The Grind" to twenty
three students in a high school sociology class and had the students
respond to a pre and post-show questionnaire. The students felt more
body image conscious after watching "The Grind." Females felt less
attractive, less self assured, and less in shape after watching "The
Grind." No males desired to lose weight before or after watching the
show. Fifty eight percent of females desired to lose weight before watching the show and one female changed to not wanting to lose weight after watching "The Grind." The responses to the open-ended questions in study two related to sexual dancing, body image, attractiveness, and music. Overall students responded that the message "The Grind" sends to teenagers is that you have be "in shape" and "look good."
While this study had examined female body images, it relates to a larger issue of the messages MTV and music video programming sends and the meanings viewers create. This research provides application for use for teachers, parents, and teenagers. Further research relating to body image and the media is recommended.Graduation date: 1997
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Clougher, Kelly M. "Perceptions of body image and attitudes towards eating for Native American/white American women." 2013. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1738075.
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Caples, Stephanie Leigh. "Measuring up : an examination of the impact of racial identity schema, feminist attitudes, and socio-economic status on body image attitudes among Black women." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/17784.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Black women in the United States belong to several demographic groups that are marginalized and devalued by society (Fleming, 1983; Helms, 1979; Hargrove, 1999). Membership in marginalized groups (i.e., race, gender, or class) and feelings about belonging to such groups may have a significant impact on the identity development of Black women and their body image satisfaction (Turner, 1982; Helms & Richardson, 1997). For groups experiencing multiple sources of oppression, multiple factors should be examined while exploring body image satisfaction (Thomas, Witherspoon, & Speight, 2004). This study examines body image and racial body attitudes of Black women through the constructs of racial identity, feminist attitudes, and socio-economic status (SES). Using several sampling methods, the researcher recruited 164 participants from the student population at the University of Texas at Austin and from predominately-Black local churches. Four hierarchical regression procedures assessed the impact of the predictor variables (racial identity, feminist attitudes, and SES) on the outcome variables (body image and racial body image) as they were added to the equation. Results indicated that racial identity was not predicative of body image attitudes; however, racial identity was predictive of racial body image attitudes. Feminist attitudes did not predict body image, but did predict racial body image. SES was divided into two variables--income, and racial diversity composition of high schools attended by participants. Income levels were predictive of neither body image nor racial body image among this sample of Black women. However, the racial diversity composition of high schools attended by these participants did significantly affect racial body image. Additionally, racial diversity of high schools significantly moderated the relationship between racial identity and racial body image. This study suggests that racial identity and racial diversity of environment is predictive of racial body image. Furthermore, racial features are more salient to Black women and may not be captured on the frequently used body image attitudes measures.text
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Gilbert, Katherine G. "Differences in Body Mass of Children Who use Sedentary Video Games versus Children Who Use Wii." 2010.
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Harvey, Michael Joseph. "Seeing the supplements : a rhetorical visual analysis with fitness advertisements." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5901.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)This study uses a rhetorical visual analysis to investigate supplement advertisements within the top three fitness magazines, according to circulation, to provide a richer understanding of the message construction within the visual images the advertisements contain. The advertisements were selected at random over a time span of a year and a half within each of the magazines, totaling nine separate advertisements for analysis. The purpose of this study is to determine to what extent, if any, the construction of advertisements in men's fitness magazines operates as ideographic images establishing legitimacy as determined through application of Sonja Foss' rhetorical visual analysis methodology. Previous research has identified various analyses of visual images within the fitness culture, however, rhetorical visual analysis of supplement advertisement does not appear to have been investigated prior to this project which is the primary concern for the initiation of the current research. Employing rhetorical analysis in order to understand visual images provides a perspective that is imperative to identification of elements and functions of visual images. The current findings indicate that images in advertisements in men's fitness magazines do not establish rhetorical legitimacy, as understood from a rhetorical perspective. However, when examined through a traditional aesthetic intentionalist perspective, the construction of the advertisements operates as ideographic images, establishing legitimacy through the image. This information provides us with the understanding that advertisements within current muscle magazines are operating under a traditional viewpoint, and as such, produce traditional perspectives. The advertisement industry within this genre is reliant upon the consumer first knowing what the product is and then realizing how the image fits into that function. The limitation within this perspective of the advertisement industry is the consumer's knowledge base concerning the product, the product being explained through text and the time the consumer is willing to spend on correlating the intent or function with the images presented.
Книги з теми "Body image in adolescence – united states"
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Levin, Diane E. So Sexy So Soon. New York: Random House Publishing Group, 2008.
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1972-, Walsh Marissa, ed. Does this book make me look fat?: 14 writers weigh in. New York, NY: Clarion Books, 2008.
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1972-, Walsh Marissa, ed. Does this book make me look fat?: 14 writers weigh in. New York: Clarion Books, 2008.
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1972-, Walsh Marissa, ed. Does this book make me look fat? New York: Clarion Books, 2008.
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Costa, Dora L. The measure of man and older age mortality: Evidence from the Gould sample. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.
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Grealy, Lucy. Autobiography of a face. New York: Perennial, 2003.
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Silicone spills: Breast implants on trial. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 1998.
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Nasser, Mervat. Culture and weight consciousness. New York: Routledge, 1997.
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Reid-Pharr, Robert. Conjugal union: The body, the house, and the Black American. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
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Bordo, Susan. Twilight zones: The hidden life of cultural images from Plato to O.J. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Body image in adolescence – united states"
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Martin, Emily. "Pregnancy, Labor and Body Image in the United States." In Midwifery Theory and Practice, 419–24. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315050553-21.
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van Santen, Rutger, Djan Khoe, and Bram Vermeer. "The Transparent Body." In 2030. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195377170.003.0028.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The “easy” diseases have pretty much been beaten in the Western world, leaving doctors to contend with the more complex illnesses that stealthily overrun the body. Two-thirds of the deaths in the United States are now attributable to cancer or coronary disease. By the time these conditions manifest themselves, it’s often too late to intervene. Treatment is only likely to succeed if early signs of cancerous growth or clogging arteries can be detected. A tumor measuring a few millimeters across is plainly less threatening than one the size of a tennis ball, not least because there is less risk of metastasis at an early stage. The focus is therefore on enhancing rapid diagnosis, which in turn means improving medical imaging. Eighty percent of all diagnoses are based on images. Yet many small but life-threatening physical processes are still missed by the scanners, echographs, and other devices that peer inside our bodies. Growths measuring less than a centimeter tend to be overlooked, so scientists are constantly working on techniques capable of offering a more detailed internal picture. Breakthroughs in imaging technology can mean the difference between life and death. They’ll enable us to intervene sooner, boosting the patient’s survival chances. Little more than a generation ago, X-rays were the only means we had of looking inside the human body. The images they produce are flat, however, and lacking in depth information, which can make them hard to interpret. An ingenious technique was therefore devised in the 1970s that allowed a single three-dimensional image to be created by combining a series of X-ray photographs. The CT (computerized tomography) scan was the first technique to produce a genuine three-dimensional image of our insides. Doctors could now tell, for instance, whether an abnormality was located on top of a bone or beneath it. Several other techniques for producing three-dimensional images of the body have since become available, some of which require patients to be injected with a contrast agent to highlight specific parts of the body.
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Pfeiffer, Julie. "Defining the Backfisch." In Transforming Girls, 41–64. University Press of Mississippi, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496836267.003.0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The image of the German Backfisch provides a context within which we can recover understudied early novels for girls, novels that portray adolescence not in terms of hormonal distress and social alienation, but as a creative space for growth. In the mid-nineteenth-century, authors in both the United States and Germany created adolescent protagonists who could be profitably uncomfortable and awkward, who could make and learn from mistakes, and who could aim for maturity rather than perfect girlhood. These stories describe the journey from a country home to the city, the shift from natural child to embarrassed teenager, and the power of education to shape healthy women. By focusing on the girl’s interiority, these authors foreground her desire for self-improvement rather than her sexual vulnerability. Early girl’s novels provide a less fraught vision of growing up. They imagine adolescence as a protected, profitable time rather than as a problem for adults and teenagers to endure.
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Pfeiffer, Julie. "Loving Girls, Loving Growth." In Transforming Girls, 165–70. University Press of Mississippi, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496836267.003.0007.
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By re-focusing the history of the girls’ book in the United States and Germany to include Backfischliteratur, readers can see more clearly the conditions that lead to suffering and growth in more recent novels such as Sweet Whispers, Brother Rush(1982), Under the Mesquite (2011) and The Chaos (2012). These novels for adolescent girls first portray their protagonists struggling to grow in unsympathetic environments before recognizing the girls’ despair and alienation as a symptom of their need for nurture. The image of the Backfisch opens up an alternate model of adolescence, one that celebrates messy growth, community support, and the lifelong process of transformation.
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Samuels, Shirley. "Miscegenated America." In Facing America, 41–57. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195128970.003.0003.
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Abstract This chapter enacts the stresses of what it tries to explicate: competing identities for the American nation between the revolution and the Civil War. Such competitions draw on racial and sexual embodiments even when the text or institution under discussion—such as the Declaration of Independence or the Bank of the United States—appears to be removed from race or sex or body. Such an occlusion may be illustrated by Mark Twain’s description of pulling Those Extraordinary Twins from Pudd’nhead Wilson, an act he calls a “‘literary Caesarean.” Haunted by Twain s image, I want to trace the competing identities within the composite body of America as it moves toward an uncertain gestation.
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Haidarali, Laila. "“Of the Brown-Skin Type”." In Brown Beauty, 104–52. NYU Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479875108.003.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter explores three brown-skin types that arose as a dynamic visual and literary repertoire in Harlem Renaissance print culture. The first image of the “brown Madonna” is studied as one representation at odds with modern gendered identities; the second trope, the “brown-skin mulatta,” is studied as a popular device that conveyed a series of anxious distortions onto the “mixed-race” body. Lastly, the more nuanced and diverse image of modern brown womanhood appears as an uneven eruption of class, race, and national identifiers of African-descended and “other” women of color not born in the United States. All three tropes are interpreted as separate and distinctly powerful manifestations of New Negro womanhood to highlight the differently sexed, classed, and gendered meanings accorded to brown complexions in the modern environment.
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Mohammed, Khemis. "What If the USSR Comes Back to Life Once Again?" In Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development, 252–68. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3264-4.ch011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Soviet Union played the role of a great power in the international system for many decades after World War II, and the main sources of Soviet power came from its hard components of power such as large territory, large populations, and solid industrial base. However, the Soviet Union dissolved at the end of the Cold War in 1991 and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as an alternative body of former great power was established. However, the CIS still attempts to overtake the symbolic image of a post-Soviet region to rebuild a powerful multilateral organization in realms of security, trade, and finance. Thus, the question is, What if the Commonwealth of Independent States turns out to a unitary coherent actor able to compete in the international system as a great power? In order to answer this question, this chapter will try to measure the composite index of national capability (CINC) of the CIS combined and compare it with the CINC scores of the United States and China to figure out the main CIS potentials in terms of hard power components such as total population, urban population, steel production, energy consumption, military personnel, and military expenditure.
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Emery, Jacob. "The Market." In The Vortex That Unites Us, 141–67. Cornell University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501769382.003.0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter shows the metaphorical image of a body caught up in an artistic structure and compelled to act out its commands, which is realized in Vladimir Nabokov's Lolita through its much-discussed intersection of the aesthetic and the ethical. It talks about how Nabokov translates totalitarianism into the atomized and individualistic sphere of postwar consumerism in the United States. It also mentions the Humbert Humbert character from Lolita, who is not just a madman but an adman whose travels with his pubescent captive are bankrolled in part by his sinecure as a writer of advertising copy for perfumes. The chapter highlights how advertising, like art, asks its audience to suspend disbelief in a fictional world. It analyzes the quasi-aesthetic genre that has to do with the rhetoric of behavior and the ability of words and images to influence action.
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Erkkila, Betsy. "“Who Bridle Leviathan?”." In Whitman the Political Poet, 240–59. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195113808.003.0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract “Washington is filled with darkies,”Whitman wrote his mother in the spring of 1867. “The men & children & wenches swarm in all directions-(! am not sure but the North is like the man that won the elephant in a raffle)” (Corr.,I, 323). Although he hailed the “absolute extirpation and erasure of slavery from the States” as “the greatest revolutionary step in the history of the United States, (perhaps the greatest of the world, our century),” in the post war period he no longer dreamed the egalitarian dream of “I Sing the Body Electric” (PW,II, 509). Like Lincoln and the majority of the American people, he was not fully prepared to integrate the black person into his vision of a free and equal America. With the exception of the “hardly human” black woman in “Ethiopia Saluting the Colors,” black people are absent from his poetry of the postwar years, and in his letters and journals of the time, blacks remain on the periphery of his vision as sources of dread and emblems of retribution. Whitman supported the principle of universal suffrage-”the widest possible opening of the doors”-but he subscribed to the popular prejudice against “Negro rule” (PW,II, 531). When several thousand black persons turned out in June 1868 to celebrate the election of Samuel B. Bowen as mayor of Washington, the procession seemed to him the very image of bedlam and riot: “The men were all armed with clubs and pistols,” he wrote to his mother.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Body image in adolescence – united states"
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Watroba, Lexa, Jayne Eckley, and Arlette Atioky. "A Critical Analysis of Acculturation, Sociocultural Pressures, Body Image, and Disordered Eating among Asian Immigrants in Australia, Canada, and the United States." In International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/buty5826.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Asian immigrants are an emerging ethnic minority in the United States, Australia, and Canada. Previous literature has examined how immigration to Western countries and the sociocultural pressures associated with a new host country, particularly the United States, impacts Asian immigrants’ body image and dietary regimen. However, there has been less of a focus on the level of acculturation of Asian immigrants in Canada and Australia and its relationship with body image dissatisfaction, disordered eating, and sociocultural pressures. The paucity of cross-cultural analysis and the inconclusive knowledge of how acculturation and sociocultural pressures may serve as predictors of poor body image and disordered eating warrant further investigation. An overview of Asian immigrants’ acculturation experiences and an in-depth analysis of existing literature with regard to acculturation, body image, sociocultural pressures, and disordered eating are provided.
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Shenoi, Mithun M., Xiaoqing Zhang, Ramji T. Venkatasubramanian, Erin D. Grassl, Lenny George, Stephen Schmechel, James E. Coad, and John C. Bischof. "CT Visualization and Histopathological Assessment of Cryoablation in Pulmonary Veins." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206640.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over 2 million adults in the United States are affected by atrial fibrillation (AF), a common cardiac arrhythmia that is associated with decreased survival, increased cardiovascular morbidities, and a decrease in quality of life. Atrial fibrillation can be initiated by ectopic beats originating in the myocardial sleeves surrounding the pulmonary veins [1]. Pulmonary vein (PV) isolation via radiofrequency ablation is the current gold standard for treating patients with drug-refractory AF [2]. However, cryoablation is emerging as a new minimally-invasive technique to achieve PV isolation. Cryoablation is fast gaining acceptance due to its minimal tissue disruption, decreased thrombogenicity, and reduced complications (RF can lead to low rate of pulmonary vein stenosis) [2]. One important question in regard to this technology is whether the PV lesion is transmural and circumferential and to what extent adjacent tissues are involved in the freezing process. As ice formation lends itself to image contrast in the body, we hypothesized that intraprocedural CT visualization of the iceball formation would allow us to predict the extent of the cryolesion and/or provide us with a measure of the adjacent tissue damage.
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Fu, Elise, Ángela Alarcón de la Lastra, Haoyin Zhou, Ruisi Zhang, Justin Broyles, Haripriya Ayyala, Bohdan Pomahac, and Jagadeesan Jayender. "SLAM-based Surgical Guidance For Breast Reconstruction Surgery." In THE HAMLYN SYMPOSIUM ON MEDICAL ROBOTICS. The Hamlyn Centre, Imperial College London London, UK, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31256/hsmr2023.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 2018, 31.3% of the patients with stage I and stage II cancer underwent mastectomy in the United States. The loss of the breast mound post mastectomy alters the physical appearance of the patient and can have signifi- cant detrimental effect on the body image and mental health of patients [1]. Breast reconstruction surgery (BRS) using DIEP (deep inferior epigastric perforators) flap utilizes redundant lower abdominal skin and fat for reconstruction of breast mound. Due to its composition of fat similar to native breast, the flap has the advantage of superior aesthetic contours of the reconstructed breast [2], [3]. However, in order to establish the best flap shape and volume, the surgeon must have finesse and intuition [4]. Asymmetry of the breast can lead to a lower quality of life and a badly reconstructed breast is a constant reminder of the disease. Thus, it is crucial to have an accurate, reliable and accessible method to assess breast volume and shape to plan the reconstruction. Our study proposes the use of a low-cost RGB-D camera to scan the contralateral breast of a patient who has undergone mastectomy and 3D print a mirrored mold to guide the surgeon to establish the best shape (see Figure 1)
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Hart, John M., Bryan Schlake, Sinisa Todorovic, J. Riley Edwards, Narendra Ahuja, and Christopher P. L. Barkan. "Machine Vision Condition Monitoring of Railcar Structural Underframe Components." In ASME 2009 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2009-18043.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Monitoring the structural health of rolling stock is critical to ensuring safe and efficient railroad operation. The structural integrity of freight cars depends on the health of certain structural components within their underframes. These structural components serve two principal functions: supporting the car body and lading, and transmitting longitudinal buff and draft forces. Although railcars are engineered to withstand large static, dynamic and cyclical loads, various structural defects can still develop within their underframes. As a result, both the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) regulations and individual railroad mechanical department practices require periodic inspection of railcars to detect structural damage and defects. These inspections are conducted manually and rely heavily on the acuity, knowledge and endurance of qualified inspection personnel. Enhancements are possible through machine-vision technology, which uses computer algorithms to convert digital image data into useful information. This paper describes research investigating the feasibility of an automated inspection system capable of detecting structural defects in freight car underframes and presents an inspection approach using machine-vision techniques, including multi-scale image segmentation. Using field data from a preliminary image acquisition system, algorithms were developed to analyze images of railcar underframes and assess the condition of certain structural components. This technology, in conjunction with additional preventive maintenance systems, has the potential to provide more objective information on railcar condition, improve utilization of railcar inspection and repair resources, increase train and employee safety, and improve overall railroad network efficiency.
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Cruz-Cárdenas, Jorge, Ekaterina Zabelina, Olga Deyneka, Carlos Ramos, and Andrés Palacio Fierro. "Consumer Behavior in Product Disposal: Mapping the Field." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002265.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The disposal of products within the framework of the discipline of consumer behavior is a decision-making process. In this process, consumers make at least two decisions: the first to stop using a still usable product and the second to select a disposal method. Among the most common methods of disposal are storing products, giving them away, donating them, selling them, or throwing them away. The main difference between disposal and recycling behavior is that in the former the product is still usable, while in the latter the decision is regarding the waste of a product. Product disposal behavior has notable consequences for both consumers and society, which is why a growing number of academics have been attracted to this field of study. Given the growing body of literature that is being generated, the present study aims to generate an image of the body of existing documents on this subject in order to guide future research. The present study used the Scopus database to search for content, as it is a database that presents a good balance of quality and coverage. The search keywords were disposal AND {consumer behavior}. The search was carried out in November 2021. The results were limited only to literature generated in English. As a result, 158 documents were obtained. On this basis of documents, the present study carried out various bibliometric analyses. There is an increasing annual trend in the number of publications (19 in 2019, 29 in 2020, and 39 in 2021). The United States and its institutions are the main countries of affiliation of the authors. Additionally, the European Commission is the main funder. In order to determine the main topics of interest of the research, an analysis of the co-occurrence of words in the contents of the titles and abstracts was carried out using the VOSviewer software. The results showed the existence of three content clusters: 1) decision-making for disposal, 2) types of products disposed of, highlighting electronics, clothing, and food, and 3) social and environmental implications of the disposal of products. The current study ends by discussing the implications of these results.
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Zeng, Lei, and Hong Chen. "A case study of the Shanghai No. 20 tram on cultural bus service design based on the AT-ONE Rule." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003817.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the new era environment, the metropolitan public transportation system is constantly evolving. The relevant administrative departments in Shanghai have proposed measures to create cultural buses and build characteristic lines in order to promote Shanghai culture and improve bus service. Using the Shanghai NO.20 tram as an example, this paper investigates how to combine Shanghai culture with tram ride service in order to make the NO.20 tram a distinctive route. The study employed participatory observation and the AT-ONE rule to investigate the entire waiting, boarding, and alighting process, as well as to analyze the passenger experience and service flow of the NO.20 tram, in combined with the urban cultural elements of Shanghai. Based on the service design concept, the corresponding design strategies and measures were proposed.Study content. 1.Service design and the AT-ONE rule The goal of service design, which establishes the service from the customer's perspective, is to ensure that the service meets the user's requirements. One of the most common methods in service design research is the AT-ONE rule. It is a method of user-centered design that connects stakeholders through various touch points.2.Analysis of Shanghai culture Shanghai culture is a unique cultural phenomenon based on the traditional culture of Jiangnan (Wu-Yue culture) and the fusion of modern industrial civilization from Europe and the United States, which had a profound impact on Shanghai after the opening of the port. 3.Analysis of No.20 tram and design elements The "Mobile Bus Museum" is the name given to the No. 20 tram, which connects Jing'an Temple Station and Zhaofeng Park Station. Passengers, ride process, primary touch points, and other design components are all examined. This section examines individual passenger characteristics, focusing primarily on the elderly, with less emphasis on the young and middle-aged populations. The ride has three stages: waiting, riding, and getting off. The main points of contact are the armrests, seats, LED screen, and so on. Analyzing numerous design features is an important part of improving passenger riding experience and creating a cultural bus.4. No.20 tram design strategy External design strategy（1）External painting artistry The purpose of exterior painting artistry is to improve the appearance of the vehicle and the passenger riding experience. It primarily mixes Shanghai's history and contemporary style, with a concentration on Art Deco, technology, Pop, and retro styles.（2）Stylized external shape The outside shape is mostly mixed with Shanghai's characteristic architectural style for local enhancement, such as Art Deco style, in order to evoke a nostalgic feeling of Shanghai culture among local passengers and increase the recognition of No. 20 tram. Internal design strategy （1）Scientific interior layout The scientific layout of the car ensures the passengers' ease, comfort, and safety during the voyage. This part is concerned with the scientific design of the interior space in order to fulfill the needs of various passengers and improve their riding experience.（2）Humanized design of interior facilities Humanized design is a growing trend and an unavoidable requirement in modern urban bus design, and humanized interior facilities can improve passenger travel quality. The intelligent facilities (LED screen, intelligent audio, etc.) and infrastructure (seats, handrails, etc.) inside the bus are designed to effectively improve the comfort and fun of passenger travel based on the results of the pre-AT-ONE rule analysis. 5. 20 cultural bus prototype test The styling elements of the No. 20 tram were taken from the old trolleybus, and the side of the body depicts the major changes of Shanghai trams over the past century, presenting an overall retro style. The interior is predominantly blue, echoing the body painting. To meet the travel needs of different passengers, the interior space is divided into love seat area, wheelchair area, and seating area; the interior facilities are also optimized based on the preliminary contact analysis, such as more beautiful and intelligent LED screen style and interactive interface, more comfortable and safe seats and handrails, etc., which not only improve the travel experience of passengers but also promote the spread of Shanghai culture. 6. Summary Creating an image of Shanghai's 'Century Bus' culture and bus service is a major goal proposed by the Shanghai government, with the goal of combining Shanghai culture with buses, improving bus service, and promoting Shanghai's cultural heritage. The AT-ONE rule guides the exploration of cultural bus service design strategies for its five dimensions of service subjects, touchpoints, service supply, user needs, and user experience, with the goal of improving the original bus service model and enhancing user experience.