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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Bird survey"

1

Reynolds, Michelle H., Richard J. Camp, Bonnie M. B. Nielson, and James D. Jacobi. "Evidence of change in a low-elevation forest bird community of Hawai'i since 1979." Bird Conservation International 13, no. 3 (September 2003): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270903003149.

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We evaluated the abundance and distribution of low-elevation forest birds on windward Hawai'i Island during August 1993-February 1994, and present evidence of changes in the species composition of the forest bird community since 1979. Endemic Hawaiian birds occurred in native-dominated forests as low as 120 m elevation. Non-native species were detected at all survey locations. We observed non-native Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola, previously unrecorded in Puna. Variable circular plot surveys of Kahauale'a Natural Area Reserve indicated the disappearance of two native species ('I'iwi Vestiaria coccinea and 'O'u Psittitostra psittacea), and two non-native additions (Red-billed Leiothrix Leiothrix lutea and Kalij Pheasant Lophura leucomelana) to the study area since the Hawai'i Forest Bird Survey conducted in 1979. We present evidence that native 'Elepaio Chasiempsis sandwichensis has experienced a decrease in population density and an elevational range contraction since 1979. Surveys indicate Puna's forest bird community has had increasing aliens and declining native species since 1979. The persistence of some native bird species within the range of avian disease vectors such as Culex quinquefasciatus in forests below 1,000 m elevation presents an important enigma that requires additional study.
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Kutt, A. S., L. Hales, P. Hales, P. Young, C. Edwards, B. Warren, K. Shurcliff, and G. Harington. "Bird monitoring in a tropical savanna conservation reserve suggests Noisy Miners Manorina melanocephala and adaptive fire management should be a future management focus." Australian Field Ornithology 38 (2021): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo38131136.

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Long-term monitoring of bird communities over time can provide important data for management, and the adaptation of that management over time. We examined data from bird surveys across 37 sites sampled in five different years from 2009 to 2017 in a 56,000-ha tropical savanna conservation reserve, in northern Queensland. Because of the limitations of the survey method and the lack of environmental data for sites, we examined broad patterns in the abundance of small- and large-bodied birds, abundance of Noisy Miners Manorina melanocephala, land type, survey year, and time since last fire. There was some variation in bird species richness and abundance across the land types, years sampled and Noisy Miner abundance; however, the clearest pattern was decreasing numbers of small-bodied birds and increasing Noisy Miner abundance, and an association between time since fire (i.e. <3 years, >5 years), Noisy Miner abundance and diversity in other birds. The apparent and potentially compounding interaction of Noisy Miners and fire could be an emerging problem. Future fire management needs to be embedded in a program of targeted question-driven monitoring and adaptive management, to provide more assured approaches to prescribed burning that enhances bird conservation.
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Budka, Michał, Marek Jobda, Paweł Szałański, and Hubert Piórkowski. "Acoustic approach as an alternative to human-based survey in bird biodiversity monitoring in agricultural meadows." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 8, 2022): e0266557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266557.

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Acoustic monitoring has been tested as an alternative to the traditional, human-based approach of surveying birds, however studies examining the effectiveness of different acoustic methods sometimes yield inconsistent results. In this study we examined whether bird biodiversity estimated by traditional surveys of birds differs to that obtained through soundscape surveys in meadow habitats that are of special agricultural importance, and whether acoustic monitoring can deliver reliable indicators of meadows and farmland bird biodiversity. We recorded soundscape and simultaneously surveyed birds by highly skilled human-observers within a fixed (50 m and 100 m) and unlimited radius using the point-count method twice in the breeding season at 74 recording sites located in meadows, in order to compare differences in (1) bird biodiversity estimation of meadow, farmland, songbird, and all bird species and (2) the detection rate of single bird species by these two methods. We found that recorders detected more species in comparison to the human-observers who surveyed birds within a fixed radius (50 and 100 m) and fewer when detection distance for human-observers was unlimited. We did not find significant differences in the number of meadow and farmland bird species detected by recorders and observers within a 100 m radius–the most often used fixed radius in traditional human based point-counts. We also showed how detection rate of 48 the most common bird species in our study differ between these two methods. Our study showed that an acoustic survey is equally effective as human observers surveying birds within a 100 m radius in estimation of farmland and meadow bird biodiversity. These groups of species are important for agricultural landscape and commonly used as indicators of habitat quality and its changes. Even though recorders rarely detect species that remain mostly silent during the observation periods, or species that are further distant than 100 m away, we recommend using acoustic soundscape recording methods as an equally effective and more easily standardised alternative for monitoring of farmland and meadow bird biodiversity. We propose adaptation of acoustic approach to long-term, large-scale monitoring by collecting acoustic data by non-specialists, including landowners and volunteers, and analysing them in a standardised way by units supervising monitoring of agriculture landscape.
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Charoenpokaraj, Nitinarth, and Petchpanom Chitman. "Species Diversity and Abundance of Birds along Boat Touring Routes for Ecotourism in Tha-kha Sub-District, Amphawa District, Samut Songkram Province, Thailand." Proceedings 2, no. 22 (November 5, 2018): 1389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2221389.

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Tha-kha Floating Market is a famous tourist attraction in Tha Kha sub-district, Amphawa district, Samut Songkram Province, Thailand. There are Thai paddle-boats for tourists to get close to nature and local people lifestyle along the canals. The objectives of this research were (1) to study species diversity, feeding behavior and status of birds in the research area. (2) to analyze abundance and similarity of birds in the research area. The data was carried out by field survey of species of birds and their behaviors sighted directly and from their calls by using line transect method then classify species, feeding behavior and status of birds, analyze their abundance and similarity in three routes. Three boat touring routes were surveyed; route 1 (Tha Kha floating market—homestay), route 2 (Tha Kha floating market—Thai traditional sugar making kiln), and route 3 (Thai traditional sugar making kiln—resort). The survey was conducted in the morning from 7 a.m. to 10 a.m. and in the afternoon from 3 p.m. to 6 p.m. One survey was made each month from April 2017–March 2018. The result of this research found that there were 15 orders, 37 families and 74 species of birds. The highest number of bird species in 3 routes was 49 species in December and 47 species in November accordingly because it was migratory season of migratory birds in the research area. According to bird feeding behavior, the maximum insectivorous bird species of 35 were found in 3 routes. According to status of birds, 52 resident birds, 9 migratory birds, 13 resident and migratory birds were found in 3 routes. According to bird abundance, 21 bird species were in level 5, 7 bird species in level 4, 20 bird species in level 3, 9 bird species in level 2 and 17 bird species in level 1. According to bird similarity index, the similarity index between route 1 and route 3 was 0.814. The community also organized eco-touring activities by using Thai paddle-boats. So the birds are as indicators of natural balance of local ecosystem.
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Craig, Adrian. "Bird Migration: A General Survey." African Zoology 37, no. 2 (October 2002): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2002.11657188.

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David, J. Patrick, R. J. Ranjit Daniels, and Vinoth Balasubramanian. "A reassessment of the avian species diversity in the Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu, after the Vernay Survey." Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, no. 8 (August 26, 2017): 10538. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2763.9.8.10538-10550.

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The Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu have been poorly surveyed for birds. The best known bird survey in the Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu (EGTN) was by V.S. LaPersonne who carried out the the Surveys in Tamilnadu Eastern Ghats between 08th April, 1929 and 25th July 1929. This was reported by WHistler & Kinnear. Thereafter information about birds in EGTN has come only from checklists published from time to time, by researchers, whose primary focus was not birds. Hence, to fill this lacuna, a comprehensive survey of birds was undertaken in the EGTN from March 2012-–--February 2015. The objectives of the study were to document the avian richness and abundance in EGTN, put them in perspective to the Vernay Survey conducted more than 80 years back, and identify priority sites for bird conservation. The study covered the hills and forests of Tamil Nadu spanning nine districts. In total, 262 species of birds were recorded during the survey. Eight species of birds fall under the threatened category. Species such as Square-tailed Bulbul Hypsipetes (lecocephalus) ganeesa, Rufous Woodpecker Micropternus brachyurus, Asian Fairy Bluebird Irena puella, and Malabar Whistling Thrush Myophonus horsfieldii still persist in the same old sites reported in the Vernay Survey. The top five abundant species were the Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer, White-browed Bulbul Pycnonotus luteolus, Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus, Common Iora Aegithina tiphia, and Purple-rumped Sunbird Leptocoma zeylonica. The Vaniyar riparian tract in the Shevroys, from its origins in the hills to the Vaniyar dam downstream, is a potential bird conservation site in the Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu.
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Budka, Michał, Kinga Kułaga, and Tomasz Stanislaw Osiejuk. "Evaluation of Accuracy and Precision of the Sound-Recorder-Based Point-Counts Applied in Forests and Open Areas in Two Locations Situated in a Temperate and Tropical Regions." Birds 2, no. 4 (October 21, 2021): 351–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/birds2040026.

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The point-count method is one of the most popular techniques for surveying birds. However, the accuracy and precision of this method may vary across various environments and geographical regions. We conducted sound-recorder-based point-counts to examine the accuracy and precision of the method for bird biodiversity estimation as a function of geographical region, habitat type and the time of day at which the survey began. In temperate (Poland) and tropical (Cameroon) regions, we recorded soundscapes on two successive mornings at 36 recording sites (18 in each location). At each site, we analyzed three 5-min surveys per day. We found no differences in the accuracy and precision of the method between regions and habitats. The accuracy was significantly greater at sunrise than during later surveys. The similarity of the bird assemblages detected by different surveys did not differ between regions or habitats. However, the bird communities described at the same time of day were significantly more similar to each other than those detected by surveys conducted at different times. The point-count method provided statistically indistinguishable estimates of bird biodiversity in different geographical regions and habitats. However, our results highlight two weaknesses of the method: low accuracy (41–54%), which limits the usefulness of a single survey in understanding bird–environment relationships, and changes in accuracy throughout the day, which may result in the misinterpretation of the status of bird populations.
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Kutt, A. S., S. G. Kearney, and P. L. Kern. "More than just Night Parrots: A baseline bird survey of Pullen Pullen Reserve, south-western Queensland." Australian Field Ornithology 38 (2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo38001012.

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The birds of arid environments often exhibit nomadism, seasonal breeding and population fluctuations that respond to highly variable weather patterns. In this study we present data from a baseline bird survey in Bush Heritage Australia’s Pullen Pullen Reserve in south-western Queensland. We conducted seasonal surveys (October–November 2018, May 2019) in 40 sites representing Spinifex (Triodia spp.) grasslands, a complex of Mitchell Astrebla spp./chenopod grasslands and Georgina Gidgee Acacia georginae riparian woodlands, using a standardised 2-ha census. A total of 85 species was recorded in the standardised sites, as well as an additional 16 species recorded opportunistically. Twenty-six species (31%), many of which were nomadic, were recorded from only one of the surveys. Bird abundance and species richness were highest in the post-wet-season survey (May 2018), and there was strong variation in the composition of the bird species between the three habitats surveyed. These data provide a baseline to continue monitoring and to understand the resident and more peripatetic elements of this arid bird community, which should be surveyed regularly to investigate the role of changing management and the long-term influence of global environmental change.
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Nadeau, Christopher P., and Courtney J. Conway. "Field evaluation of distance-estimation error during wetland-dependent bird surveys." Wildlife Research 39, no. 4 (2012): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr11161.

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Context The most common methods to estimate detection probability during avian point-count surveys involve recording a distance between the survey point and individual birds detected during the survey period. Accurately measuring or estimating distance is an important assumption of these methods; however, this assumption is rarely tested in the context of aural avian point-count surveys. Aims We expand on recent bird-simulation studies to document the error associated with estimating distance to calling birds in a wetland ecosystem. Methods We used two approaches to estimate the error associated with five surveyor’s distance estimates between the survey point and calling birds, and to determine the factors that affect a surveyor’s ability to estimate distance. Key results We observed biased and imprecise distance estimates when estimating distance to simulated birds in a point-count scenario (error = –9 m, s.d.error = 47 m) and when estimating distances to real birds during field trials (error = 39 m, s.d.error = 79 m). The amount of bias and precision in distance estimates differed among surveyors; surveyors with more training and experience were less biased and more precise when estimating distance to both real and simulated birds. Three environmental factors were important in explaining the error associated with distance estimates, including the measured distance from the bird to the surveyor, the volume of the call and the species of bird. Surveyors tended to make large overestimations to birds close to the survey point, which is an especially serious error in distance sampling. Conclusions Our results suggest that distance-estimation error is prevalent, but surveyor training may be the easiest way to reduce distance-estimation error. Implications The present study has demonstrated how relatively simple field trials can be used to estimate the error associated with distance estimates used to estimate detection probability during avian point-count surveys. Evaluating distance-estimation errors will allow investigators to better evaluate the accuracy of avian density and trend estimates. Moreover, investigators who evaluate distance-estimation errors could employ recently developed models to incorporate distance-estimation error into analyses. We encourage further development of such models, including the inclusion of such models into distance-analysis software.
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CROCKFORD, NICOLA J., and GRAEME M. BUCHANAN. "Volunteer survey effort for high-profile species can benefit conservation of non-focal species." Bird Conservation International 27, no. 2 (February 9, 2017): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270916000186.

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SummaryThe last irrefutable record of the Critically Endangered Slender-billed Curlew Numenius tenuirostris came from 1995. The range of the species is poorly known, but between 2009 and 2011, volunteer observers surveyed more than 680 sites in 19 countries, with additional search effort in a further 12 countries. Although there were no definite sightings (two birds that might have been Slender-billed Curlew were reported), there were other benefits. These included increased knowledge of species distributions and populations in seldom visited areas (over 500,000 birds of over 400 species were observed), the identification of threats to at least 10 Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas, the identification of sites that could qualify as Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas, and capacity building and education through involvement with local survey teams and observers and finally recommendations for future surveys. Thus, these surveys demonstrate the potential benefits of volunteer field surveys for non-focal species.
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Дисертації з теми "Bird survey"

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McElhone, Patrick Michael. "Cerulean warbler population and habitat changes along Breeding Bird Survey routes in the central Appalachians." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10263.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 73 p. : ill. (some col.), maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Fowler, John Daniel. "A survey and comparison of bird species inhabiting adjoining developed and undeveloped coastal habitat." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29896.

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Frost, Teresa Mary. "Stochastic modelling and analysis of wildfowl anatidae monitoring data from the wetland bird survey." Thesis, University of Kent, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527576.

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4

Pearse, Aaron Todd. "Design, evaluation, and applications of an aerial survey to estimate abundance of wintering waterfowl in Mississippi." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/ETD-browse/browse.

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Fournié, Guillaume. "The potential for silent circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses subtype H5N1 to be sustained in live bird markets : a survey of markets in northern Viet Nam and Cambodia and mathematical models of transmission." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559027.

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Venne, Simon. "Can Species Distribution Models Predict Colonizations and Extinctions?" Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38465.

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Aim MaxEnt, a very popular species distribution modelling technique, has been used extensively to relate species’ geographic distributions to environmental variables and to predict changes in species’ distributions in response to environmental change. Here, we test its predictive ability through time (rather than through space, as is commonly done) by modeling colonizations and extinctions. Location Continental U.S. and southern Canada. Time period 1979-2009 Major taxa studied Twenty-one species of passerine birds. Methods We used MaxEnt to relate species’ geographic distributions to the variation in environmental conditions across North America. We then modelled site-specific colonizations and extinctions between 1979 and 2009 as functions of MaxEnt-estimated previous habitat suitability and inter- annual change in habitat suitability and neighborhood occupancy. We evaluated whether the effects were in the expected direction, we partitioned model’s explained deviance, and we compared colonization and extinction model’s accuracy to MaxEnt’s AUC. Results IV Colonization and extinction probabilities both varied as functions of previous habitat suitability, change in habitat suitability, and neighborhood occupancy, in the expected direction. Change in habitat suitability explained very little deviance compared to other predictors. Neighborhood occupancy accounted for more explained deviance in colonization models than in extinction models. MaxEnt AUC correlates with extinction models’ predictive ability, but not with that of colonization models. Main conclusions MaxEnt appears to sometime capture a real effect of the environment on species’ distributions since a statistical effect of habitat suitability is detected through both time and space. However, change in habitat suitability (which is much smaller through time than through space) is a poor predictor of change in occupancy. Over short time scales, proximity of sites occupied by conspecifics predicts changes in occupancy just as well as MaxEnt. The ability of MaxEnt models to predict spatial variation in occupancy (as measured by AUC) gives little indication of transferability through time. Thus, the predictive value of species distribution models may be overestimated when evaluated through space only. Future prediction of species’ responses to climate change should make a distinction between colonization and extinction, recognizing that the two processes are not equally well predicted by SDMs.
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Fearer, Todd Matthew. "Evaluating Population-Habitat Relationships of Forest Breeding Birds at Multiple Spatial and Temporal Scales Using Forest Inventory and Analysis Data." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29243.

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Multiple studies have documented declines of forest breeding birds in the eastern United States, but the temporal and spatial scales of most studies limit inference regarding large scale bird-habitat trends. A potential solution to this challenge is integrating existing long-term datasets such as the U.S. Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program and U.S. Geological Survey Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) that span large geographic regions. The purposes of this study were to determine if FIA metrics can be related to BBS population indices at multiple spatial and temporal scales and to develop predictive models from these relationships that identify forest conditions favorable to forest songbirds. I accumulated annual route-level BBS data for 4 species guilds (canopy nesting, ground and shrub nesting, cavity nesting, early successional), each containing a minimum of five bird species, from 1966-2004. I developed 41 forest variables describing forest structure at the county level using FIA data from for the 2000 inventory cycle within 5 physiographic regions in 14 states (AL, GA, IL, IN, KY, MD, NC, NY, OH, PA, SC, TN, VA, and WV). I examine spatial relationships between the BBS and FIA data at 3 hierarchical scales: 1) individual BBS routes, 2) FIA units, and 3) and physiographic sections. At the BBS route scale, I buffered each BBS route with a 100m, 1km, and 10km buffer, intersected these buffers with the county boundaries, and developed a weighted average for each forest variable within each buffer, with the weight being a function of the percent of area each county had within a given buffer. I calculated 28 variables describing landscape structure from 1992 NLCD imagery using Fragstats within each buffer size. I developed predictive models relating spatial variations in bird occupancy and abundance to changes in forest and landscape structure using logistic regression and classification and regression trees (CART). Models were developed for each of the 3 buffer sizes, and I pooled the variables selected for the individual models and used them to develop multiscale models with the BBS route still serving as the sample unit. At the FIA unit and physiographic section scales I calculated average abundance/route for each bird species within each FIA unit and physiographic section and extrapolated the plot-level FIA variables to the FIA unit and physiographic section levels. Landscape variables were recalculated within each unit and section using NCLD imagery resampled to a 400 m pixel size. I used regression trees (FIA unit scale) and general linear models (GLM, physiographic section scale) to relate spatial variations in bird abundance to the forest and landscape variables. I examined temporal relationships between the BBS and FIA data between 1966 and 2000. I developed 13 forest variables from statistical summary reports for 4 FIA inventory cycles (1965, 1975, 1989, and 2000) within NY, PA, MD, and WV. I used linear interpolation to estimate annual values of each FIA variable between successive inventory cycles and GLMs to relate annual variations in bird abundance to the forest variables. At the BBS route scale, the CART models accounted for > 50% of the variation in bird presence-absence and abundance. The logistic regression models had sensitivity and specificity rates > 0.50. By incorporating the variables selected for the models developed within each buffer (100m, 1km, and 10km) around the BBS routes into a multiscale model, I was able to further improve the performance of many of the models and gain additional insight regarding the contribution of multiscale influences on bird-habitat relationships. The majority of the best CART models tended to be the multiscale models, and many of the multiscale logistic models had greater sensitivity and specificity than their single-scale counter parts. The relatively fine resolution and extensive coverage of the BBS, FIA, and NLCD datasets coupled with the overlapping multiscale approach of these analyses allowed me to incorporate levels of variation in both habitat and bird occurrence and abundance into my models that likely represented a more comprehensive range of ecological variability in the bird-habitat relationships relative to studies conducted at smaller scales and/or using data at coarser resolutions. At the FIA unit and physiographic section scales, the regression trees accounted for an average of 54.1% of the variability in bird abundance among FIA units, and the GLMs accounted for an average of 66.3% of the variability among physiographic sections. However, increasing the observational and analytical scale to the FIA unit and physiographic section decreased the measurement resolution of the bird abundance and landscape variables. This limits the applicability and interpretive strength of the models developed at these scales, but they may serve as indices to those habitat components exerting the greatest influences on bird abundance at these broader scales. The GLMs relating average annual bird abundance to annual estimates of forest variables developed using statistical report data from the 1965, 1975, 1989, and 2000 FIA inventories explained an average of 62.0% of the variability in annual bird abundance estimates. However, these relationships were a function of both the general habitat characteristics and the trends in bird abundance specific to the 4-state region (MD, NY, PA, and WV) used for these analyses and may not be applicable to other states or regions. The small suite of variables available from the FIA statistical reports and multicollinearity among all forest variables further limited the applicability of these models. As with those developed at the FIA unit and physiographic sections scales, these models may serve as general indices to the habitat components exerting the greatest influences on bird abundance trends through time at regional scales. These results demonstrate that forest variables developed from the FIA, in conjunction with landscape variables, can explain variations in occupancy and abundance estimated from BBS data for forest bird species with a variety of habitat requirements across spatial and temporal scales.
Ph. D.
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Duarte, Leila Magna Gomes. "Comunidades de aves em galerias ripícolas mediterrânicas do Sul de Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18568.

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Conhecer os requisitos ambientais por parte das espécies demonstrou ser essencial em disciplinas como a ecologia e a biologia da conservação. O presente estudo visa estudar as respostas e dependência das comunidades de aves em relação às galerias ripícolas mediterrânicas. Para tal utilizaram-se dados recolhidos pelo River Habitat Survey (RHS) e por censos por pontos de escuta, em três ribeiras no sul de Portugal. Os dados ambientais foram estruturados em matrizes de acordo com as características físicas da ribeira e das margens, e modificações antropogénicas. Enquanto os dados biológicos foram agrupados em guildas: alimentação e ocupação vertical do habitat ("estrato"). Através de análises canónicas aos a dos estruturados obtiveram-se correlações válidas entre as matrizes ambientais e as guildas, nomeadamente para indivíduos directamente dependentes da água e planadores ("aéreas"), provando a validade da metodologia e o potencial da combinação destas duas técnicas. ABSTRACT; Understanding species habitat requirements has proved to be essential in ecology and conservation biology. The present report aims to examine the responses and dependence we used data collected by River Habitat Survey (RHS) and point count censuses in three rivers in southern Portugal. The environmental data were structured in matrices according to physical characteristics of the stream, the banks and anthropogenic modifications, whilst biological data was grouped into guilds: foraging and occupation ("estate"). Through canonical analysis to structured data we obtained valid correlations between the environmental variables and species guilds, particularly for those directly dependent on water and gliders ("aéreas"), proving the validity of the methodology and the potential of these two techniques working together.
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Korn, Jennifer Marie. "Evaluating avian communities of the Blanco River Valley using occupancy modeling and landowner conducted surveys /." View online, 2008. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/bioltad/6.

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Honkomp, Nora. "Exploring shifts in migration phenology and breeding distribution of declining North American avian aerial insectivores." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1620686253404077.

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Книги з теми "Bird survey"

1

M, Wright John. Raptor survey and inventory. Juneau, AK: Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, 2000.

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Bennun, Leon A. Kenya Indigenous Forest Conservation Project: Natural resource surveys : Mau Forest Complex ornithological survey report. Nairobi: KIFCON, Forestry Dept., 1992.

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Bennun, L. A. Arabuko Sokoke Forest ornithological survey. Nairobi: Centre for Biodiversity, National Museums of Kenya, 1991.

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4

Berthold, P. Bird migration: A general survey. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.

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5

Dunn, Erica H. The Canadian breeding bird survey, 1967-1998. Ottawa: Environment Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, 2000.

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6

Downes, Constance Mary. The Canadian breeding bird survey, 1967-2000. Ottawa: Environment Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, 2003.

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7

Droege, Sam. North American breeding bird survey: Annual summary, 1988. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1989.

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8

Droege, Sam. North American breeding bird survey: Annual summary, 1989. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1990.

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9

Ornithology, British Trust for, Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, and Joint Nature Conservation Committee, eds. The wetland bird survey 2001-03: Wildfowl and wader counts. Thetford: British Trust for Ornithology, 2005.

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10

Shepherd, Jay. 1996 raptor survey of the lower Salmon and Snake Rivers and summary of raptor surveys conducted 1993-1996. [Boise, Idaho?]: Cooperative Challenge Cost-Share Project, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, 1997.

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Частини книг з теми "Bird survey"

1

Kéry, Marc, and J. Andrew Royle. "Inference About Species Richness and Community Structure Using Species-Specific Occupancy Models in the National Swiss Breeding Bird Survey MHB." In Modeling Demographic Processes In Marked Populations, 639–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_28.

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2

Melo, Martim, Peter J. Jones, and Ricardo F. de Lima. "The Avifauna of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands." In Biodiversity of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands, 555–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06153-0_21.

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AbstractAlthough birds have always been one of the best-known taxa on the Gulf of Guinea oceanic islands, our understanding of their ecology and evolution has increased substantially in the last two decades. Intensive field-based surveys have allowed the first detailed island-wide distribution maps for most species and a much better grasp of habitat associations, highlighting the importance of native forests for many of the endemic birds. Molecular data have provided important insights into evolutionary history, leading to an extensive revision of the taxonomy of the islands’ endemic avifauna. Most speciation events are much more recent than the age of the islands, indicating a high species turn-over that is likely explained by the islands’ history of intense volcanic activity and their moderate distances to the mainland. These islands have the highest accumulation of endemic bird species for small oceanic islands: at least 29 endemic species occur in three islands with a total area of just over 1000 km2. This may be explained by their particular geographic location: offshore from a species-rich continent at distances that allowed the colonization and evolution in isolation of many distinct lineages. All these contributions are now being used to ensure bird conservation, through updated species conservation status and species action plans for the most threatened species, and also to promote the conservation of the native forests on which most of the endemic birds depend.
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Scott, David E. "Capturing trapped birds." In Raptor medicine, surgery, and rehabilitation, 289–90. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789246100.0289.

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4

David, Gertrude, Azuan Roslan, Elizabeth Pesiu, and Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah. "A Brief Survey on the Birds in Belukar Bukit, Kenyir, Terengganu, Malaysia." In Greater Kenyir Landscapes, 143–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92264-5_14.

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5

Bezzel, E. "Small World Populations in Birds: An Attempt of a Brief General Survey." In Minimum Animal Populations, 23–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78214-5_3.

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6

Savard, Jean-Pierre L., and J. Bruce Falls. "Survey techniques and habitat relationships of breeding birds in residential areas of Toronto, Canada." In Avian Ecology and Conservation in an Urbanizing World, 543–68. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1531-9_26.

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7

Penteado, Marli, Wesley R. Silva, and Luciano M. Verdade. "Point Counts Method for Bird Surveys in Agroecosystems of the State of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil." In Applied Ecology and Human Dimensions in Biological Conservation, 149–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54751-5_10.

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8

Tackner, Nico, Markus Hadler, and Dieter Reicher. "Bestand während der Anfangsphase der Corona-Krise ein „nationaler Schulterschluss“ in Österreich?" In Die österreichische Gesellschaft während der Corona-Pandemie, 269–92. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34491-7_10.

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ZusammenfassungIn der medialen und politischen Kommunikation der Corona-Krise ist der sogenannte „Schulterschluss“ neben anderen Begriffen zur Betonung des nationalen Zusammenhaltes omnipräsent. Angesichts der Wahlumfragen zur Zeit des Lockdowns schien sich ein solcher, zumindest in der Unterstützung für die Regierungsparteien, abzuzeichnen. Um empirisch zu prüfen, inwieweit sich ein derartiges Wir-Gefühl in dieser Zeit tatsächlich ausbildete, wollen wir hier nachvollziehen, wie sich die nationale Verbundenheit und der Nationalstolz in Österreich zu dieser Zeit ausprägten. Zur Klärung dieser Fragen werden Daten aus dem Austria Corona Panel Project mit verschiedenen anderen Survey-Programmen verglichen, um das Bild aus dem ersten Lockdown historisch und international zu kontextualisieren. Aus diesen Vergleichen lässt sich ableiten, dass die Corona-Krise auf die bereits hohe Verbundenheit mit Österreich bzw. den Nationalstolz kaum Einfluss hatte, im Unterschied zu verschiedenen politischen Krisen.
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Camphuysen, Kees, and Martin Heubeck. "Beached Bird Surveys in the North Sea as an Instrument to Measure Levels of Chronic Oil Pollution." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 193–208. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2015_435.

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Major, Richard E. "Using museum collections and community surveys to monitor change in the birds of Sydney." In The Natural History of Sydney, 234–40. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2010.019.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Bird survey"

1

Grimm, Brian A., Brooke A. Lahneman, Peter B. Cathcart, Robert C. Elgin, Greg L. Meshnik, and John P. Parmigiani. "Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System for Controlling Pest Bird Population in Vineyards." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89528.

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Pest birds have long been a significant source of crop loss for grape growers, especially during the critical weeks leading up to harvest when grape sugar levels are high. In Oregon’s Willamette Valley, vineyards have seen a marked increase in crop loss in the last few years despite widespread use of intrusive gas cannons/shotguns and expensive netting systems. In order to deter this pest bird population, we have created an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) package capable of autonomous flight, which incorporates common pest bird scare tactics into this dynamic platform. The system has been designed to launch, complete its mission waypoints, and land completely under autonomous control. By using this autonomous guidance system, we are able to employ visual, auditory, and predator mimicry pest bird control techniques in such a way as to discourage habituation. While radio controlled UAVs have been used for bird control in airport settings for many years, these systems require a trained operator to constantly guide the aircraft. The autonomous UAV system was designed for operation by an existing vineyard employee with minimal training. To capture widely accepted pest bird control techniques and management culture of Willamette Valley vineyards and gain information for design, implementation, and industry acceptance of this UAV project, we surveyed the owners of 225 local vineyards. Survey results indicated that vineyard owners are open to implementing innovative pest bird control methods that do not affect the terroir of their vineyards and that could replace the use of netting, which they do not view favorably despite its being the most effective pest bird control method to date. Results also indicated that pest birds are most damaging to a vineyard’s perimeter and that many vineyards employ someone to patrol this perimeter with a shotgun loaded with cracker shells. The UAV system is able to traverse the airspace above this perimeter without interfering with neighboring homes or beneficial predators in the area. By using proven pest bird control methods in an autonomous UAV system, we designed a device that brings an innovative solution to vineyard owners.
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2

Rassak, Simna, M. Nachamai, and Murthy A. Krishna. "Survey study on the methods of bird vocalization classification." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Current Trends in Advanced Computing (ICCTAC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icctac.2016.7567337.

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3

Stowell, Dan, Mike Wood, Yannis Stylianou, and Herve Glotin. "Bird detection in audio: A survey and a challenge." In 2016 IEEE 26th International Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing (MLSP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mlsp.2016.7738875.

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4

Moon, J. R. "A survey of bird flight data relevant to radar tracking systems." In 2002 International Radar Conference (Radar 2002). IEE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20020253.

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Aishwarya, K., J. Christina Kathryn, and R. B. Lakshmi. "A survey on bird activity monitoring and collision avoidance techniques in windmill turbines." In 2016 IEEE Technological Innovations in ICT for Agriculture and Rural Development (TIAR). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tiar.2016.7801236.

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6

Serebryakov, O., and E. Turchaninova. "INFLUENCE OF RECREATIONAL LOAD ON ORNITOFAUNA OF THE CITY OF VORONEZH." In Modern problems of animal and plant ecology. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mpeapw2021_88-93.

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In this work, we determined the number and systematic affiliation of the most common bird species of the Voronezh upland oak forest in the territories exposed to anthropogenic impact. Field studies were carried out from 2019 to 2020 on the territory of the Voronezh upland oak forest. At the sites selected for the survey, a route counting of birds by voices was carried out. The species composition of the avifauna was supplemented by an analysis of information about the habitat of birds and their nesting sites in areas with constant recreational impact. At the selected sites, birds were counted by voices (mating song). From the results of counts in the studied areas, one can see the diversity of the species composition of the avifauna during the reproductive period. Analysis of the data obtained makes it possible to determine the ecological belonging of the species and compare the quantitative indicators of the birds encountered.
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7

Grindheim, Jan Vidar, Ken E. Welker, and Inge Revhaug. "Application for Improved Awareness of Cable Geometry During Seismic Survey Operation." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95038.

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Abstract Seismic surveys for petroleum exploration employ a number of towed cable streamers of lengths in the order of 3∼12 km. Accurate positioning is important both for navigation and control of the streamer spread and for seismic data processing. In the present study, a numerical streamer model based on a Finite Element Method is implemented both as an Extended Kalman filter and an Ensemble Kalman filter. The streamer model includes features such as tailbuoy, locally estimated sea current introduced at each node, control bird inputs, cable stretch and tension. The filter implementations are intended to blend the streamer model with observations such as acoustic range measurements and satellite navigation positioning. The implementations have been compared and validated employing full scale data for two line changes. The purpose is to investigate the filters’ performance during periods with poor or missing observations.
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Scherer, Otto, Ian Mutnick, and Frank Lanni. "Procedure for Conducting a Towing Tank Test of a Waterjet Propelled Craft using Laser Doppler Velocimetery to Determine the Momentum and Energy Flux." In SNAME 26th American Towing Tank Conference. SNAME, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/attc-2001-008.

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This paper describes the towing tank test procedure used for conducting propulsion tests of the Rolls-Royce Naval Marine (previously Bird-Johnson Co.) Advanced Waterjet 21 (AWJ-21™) propulsor. The tests were conducted on hull model 5565-1, an existing 22.5 scale model of a hull form representative of a future tumblehome naval destroyer. AII the test work described here took place at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Divisions, David Taylor Model Basin. Design of the waterjet was carried out by Rolls-Royce Naval Marine in 1999 and the towing tank experiments were conducted in October 2000 and February 2001. The test procedure follow the guidelines for the "momentum flux" method as described in Appendix A of the 21st International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC) Waterjet Group Report (1996] and reproduced in the Quality Manual of the 22nd ITTC Special Committee on Waterjets Report [1999]. However, the ITTC procedure does not address the methods for obtaining the required data and does not provide guidance for scaling the model data to the full size ship. The paper deals with these issues and some of the measurement procedures that are specific to the AWJ-21™ test program. In particular, an accurate survey of the inflow and discharge velocity distribution is required to obtain the mass flow and head rise through the propulsor. In the present case, a Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) is used to carry out these surveys. Because conducting LDV surveys is very time-consuming, it is not practical to determine the mass flow and head rise at every test speed by this method. In our case, the LDV surveys were conducted at only two speeds. · These data · are then used. to characterize the flow non-uniformity and to correlate with pitot-static probes located in the inlet and discharge of the jet system. With this correlation, the pitot-static probes are used to obtain the performance over the entire speed range. While a Laser Doppler Velocimeter provides a very accurate means of obtaining velocity, it does not provide the required static pressure in the flow. It was found that by locating the inlet and discharge survey planes properly, the variation in static pressure over the survey area is small compared to the dynamic pressure and can be neglected. This permits the single static tap on the pitot-static probe to provide the required mean pressure. This paper describes the procedure for using the LDV survey to obtain the waterjet performance.
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Kong, Shufeng, Junwen Bai, Jae Hee Lee, Di Chen, Andrew Allyn, Michelle Stuart, Malin Pinsky, Katherine Mills, and Carla Gomes. "Deep Hurdle Networks for Zero-Inflated Multi-Target Regression: Application to Multiple Species Abundance Estimation." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/603.

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A key problem in computational sustainability is to understand the distribution of species across landscapes over time. This question gives rise to challenging large-scale prediction problems since (i) hundreds of species have to be simultaneously modeled and (ii) the survey data are usually inflated with zeros due to the absence of species for a large number of sites. The problem of tackling both issues simultaneously, which we refer to as the zero-inflated multi-target regression problem, has not been addressed by previous methods in statistics and machine learning. In this paper, we propose a novel deep model for the zero-inflated multi-target regression problem. To this end, we first model the joint distribution of multiple response variables as a multivariate probit model and then couple the positive outcomes with a multivariate log-normal distribution. By penalizing the difference between the two distributions’ covariance matrices, a link between both distributions is established. The whole model is cast as an end-to-end learning framework and we provide an efficient learning algorithm for our model that can be fully implemented on GPUs. We show that our model outperforms the existing state-of-the-art baselines on two challenging real-world species distribution datasets concerning bird and fish populations.
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Nimbargi, Saket R., Samarth Hadawale, and Gaurav Ghodke. "Tsunami alert & detection system using IoT: A survey." In 2017 International Conference on Big Data, IoT and Data Science (BID). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bid.2017.8336595.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Bird survey"

1

Wade, M. C., N. R. Giffen, and B. A. Wade. 1995 Bird survey Foothills parkway section 8B National Park Service, Tennessee. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/245583.

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2

Peitz, David, and Naomi Reibold. Bird community monitoring at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield, Missouri: Status report 2008–2020. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287875.

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Breeding bird surveys were initiated on Wilson’s Creek National Monument, Missouri, in 2008 to assess temporal changes in the species composition and abundance of birds on the park and to improve our understanding of relationships between breeding birds and their habitat and the effects of management actions, such as invasive plant species control and tree thinning, on bird populations. Birds were sampled using point counts with 38 variable circular plots located on a systematic grid of 400 x 400-m cells (originating from a random start point). All birds seen or heard on a plot during a 5-min sampling period were recorded. In the 13 years since initiating our breeding bird survey, birds were surveyed on as many of the 38 variable circular plots as possible each year, resulting in 444 cumulative plot visits. Surveys have yielded records for 119 different species of birds. Ninety-eight of the species recorded are classified as permanent or summer residents to the area, 18 are classified as transients in the area, and 3 as winter residents to the area. Eight breeding species recorded are considered species of conservation concern for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region, the bird conservation region in which Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield is located. Of the 98 breeding species recorded, 12 species in grassland habitat and 15 in woodland habitat occurred in numbers large enough to calculate annual abundances with some degree of confidence. Trends in abundance were classified as uncertain for most species, which means that no significant increases or decreases occurred but it is not certain that trends were <5% per year. The Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) population in grassland habitat was stable. The Eastern Towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus) and Eastern Wood-pewee (Contopus virens) populations in woodland habitat were in moderate decline. Comparing population trends on the park with regional trends for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region suggests that the bird community at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield is faring similarly to that of the region as a whole. Stable diversity, richness, and evenness values suggest that the park’s habitat has remained consistent in its ability to meet the requirements of many of the park’s breeding bird species. Any decline in species richness could reflect habitat management practices, but it could also reflect the influences of larger-scale factors such as weather or climatic conditions on vegetation. Therefore, continued monitoring of birds and their habitats on Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield as management and weather and climatic conditions change is essential for park management.
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3

Wade, M. C. 1995 Area 1 bird survey/Zone 1, Operable Unit 2, Robins Air Force Base, Georgia. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/109663.

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4

McNeil, Jimmy D. A Survey-Level Report of the Birds Point-New Madrid Floodway Riverside Access Lanes, Near the Tom Bird Blue Hole and Outlet Crevasse 2, New Madrid and Mississippi Counties, Missouri. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada264680.

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DeSaix, Matthew. Bird community monitoring at New River Gorge National River, Gauley River National Recreation Area, and Bluestone National Scenic River, 1997 - 2018. National Park Service, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2289846.

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Birds are prominent features of National Park Service lands and are effective indicators for monitoring ecosystem health. Assessing the temporal change of avian species abundance depends on long-term monitoring of bird communities and trends, however long-term monitoring programs are generally uncommon. In this report, we summarize 22 years (1997-2018) of point count data across five sites on West Virginia National Park Service lands (three in New River Gorge National River, one in Gauley River National Recreation Area, and one in Bluestone National Scenic River) and compare these results to our analysis of Breeding Bird Survey data for the same time period across all of West Virginia. The objectives of this analysis are two-fold: 1) describe the biotic integrity of the National Park Service lands in West Virginia and 2) Quantify trends in guilds and species abundance. During the 20-year period of this survey, 85 breeding resident species were detected. The West Virginia National Park Service lands are home to stable populations of Wood Thrush and Yellow-billed Cuckoo, both species of continental concern by Partners in Flight. Seven species have declined precipitously on NPS lands during this time period. Three of these species are also experiencing declines across the rest of West Virginia (Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, Carolina Chickadee, Kentucky Warbler), but the other 4 species are stable across West Virginia (Acadian Flycatcher, Black-throated Green Warbler, Northern Parula, Swainson’s Warbler). Four species that are declining across West Virginia (Great Crested Flycatcher, Indigo Bunting, Red-eyed Vireo, and Worm-eating Warbler) are stable on southern West Virginia NPS lands. Additionally, the upper-canopy foraging guild of species has decreased significantly on NPS lands in southern West Virginia. An analysis of community biotic integrity revealed that the southern West Virginia NPS lands have been stable at a rating of high biotic integrity every year for the duration of this survey. Future research should delve into the underlying factors that may be driving the trends in abundance at different scales.
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Davidson, Irit, Hsing-Jien Kung, and Richard L. Witter. Molecular Interactions between Herpes and Retroviruses in Dually Infected Chickens and Turkeys. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7575275.bard.

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Tumors in commercial poultry are caused mainly by infection with avian herpes and retroviruses, the herpesvirus Marek's disease virus (MDV) and the retroviruses, reticuloendotheliosis (REV), lymphoid leukosis, subgroups A-I and J (ALV and ALV-J) in chickens, or Iymphoprolipherative disease (LPDV) in turkeys. Infection with one virus aggravates the clinical outcome of birds that are already infected by another oncogenic virus. As these viruses do not interfere for infection, MDV and one or more retroviruses can infect the same flock, the same bird and the same cell. While infecting the same cell, herpes and retroviruses might interact in at least three ways: a) Integration of retrovirus genomes, or genomic fragments (mainly the LTR) into MDV;b) alteration of LTR-driven expression of retroviral genes by MDV immediate- early genes, and c) by herpesvirus induced cellular transcriptional factors. The first type of molecular interaction have been demonstrated to happen efficiently in vitro by Dr. Kung, in cases multiple infection of cell cultures with MDV and REV or MDV and ALV. Moreover, Dr. Witter showed that an in vitro-created recombinant, RM1, had altered in vitro replication and in vivo biological properties. A more comprehensive characterization of RM1 was carried out in the present project. We sought to highlight whether events of such integrations occur also in the bird, in vivo. For that, we had first to determine the prevalence of dually-infected individual birds in commercial flocks, as no systematic survey has been yet reported. Surprisingly, about 25% of the commercial flocks infected with avian oncogenic viruses had a multiple virus infection and 5% of the total samples ana lysed had multiple virus sequences. Then, we aimed to evaluate and characterize biologically and molecularly the resulting recombinants, if formed, and to analyse the factors that affect these events (virus strains, type and age of birds and time interval between the infection with both viruses). The perception of retrovirus insertions into herpesviruses in vivo is not banal, as the in vivo and in vitro systems differ in the viral-target cells, lymphocytes or fibroblasts, in the MDV-replicative type, transforming or productive, and the immune system presence. We realized that previous methods employed to study in vitro created recombinant viruses were not adequate for the study of samples taken directly from the bird. Therefore, the Hot Spot-combined PCR was developed based on the molecularly known RM1 virus. Also, the PFGE that was used for tissue cultured-MDV separation was inefficient for separating MDV from organs, but useful with feather tips as a source of bird original MDV. Much attention was dedicated now to feathers, because if a recombinant virus would be formed in vivo, its biological significance would be evident by horizontal dissemination through the feathers. Major findings were: a) not only in vitro, but also in vivo MDV and retrovirus co-infections lead to LTR integrations into MDV. That was shown by the detection of chimeric molecules. These appeared in low quantities and as quasispecies, thus interfering with sequence analysis of cloned gel-purified chimeric molecules. Mainly inserts were located in the repeat long MDV fragments. In field birds chimeric molecules were detected at a lower frequency (2.5%) than in experimentally infected birds (30-50%). These could be transmitted experimentally to another birds by inoculation with chimeric molecules containing blood. Several types of chimeric molecules were formed, and same types were detected in birds infected by a second round. To reproduce viral integrations, in vivo infection trials were done with field inoculate that contained both viruses, but the chimeric molecule yield was undetectable.
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7

Peitz, David, and Naomi Reibold. Bird community monitoring at George Washington Carver National Monu-ment, Missouri: Status report 2008–2020. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287852.

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Breeding bird surveys were initiated on George Washington Carver National Monument, Missouri, in 2008 to assess temporal changes in the species composition and abundance of birds on the park and to improve our understanding of relationships between breeding birds and their habitat and the effects of management actions, such as invasive plant species control and tree thinning, on bird populations. Birds were sampled using point counts with 70 variable circular plots located on a systematic grid of 100 x 100-m cells (originating from a random start point). All birds seen or heard on a plot during a 5-min sampling period were recorded. In the 13 years since initiating our breeding bird surveys on the park, birds were surveyed on as many of the 70 variable circular plots as possible each year, resulting in 520 cumulative plot visits. Surveys have yielded records for 100 different species of birds. Ninety-seven of the species recorded are classified as permanent or summer residents to the area, two are classified as transients in the area, and one as a winter resident to the area. Six breeding species recorded are considered species of conservation concern for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region, the bird conservation region in which George Washington Carver National Monument is located. Of the 97 breeding species recorded, ten species in grassland habitat and six in woodland habitat occurred in numbers large enough to calculate annual abundances with some degree of confidence. Trends in abundance were classified as uncertain for most species, which means that there were no significant increases or decreases, but it is not certain that trends were < 5% per year. The Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) in woodland habitat was stable. The Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna) in grassland habitat was in moderate decline, and the Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) in grassland habitat was in steep decline. Comparing population trends (i.e., changes in population size over time) on the park with regional trends for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region suggests that the bird community at George Washington Carver National Monument is faring similarly to that of the region as a whole. Trends in the park’s popula-tions of Field Sparrow (Spizella pusilla) and Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) in grassland habitat and Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus) in woodland habitat were uncertain, whereas they declined significantly in the larger region, which could be a result of management on George Washington Carver National Monument. Red-bellied Woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus) population trends, while uncertain in grassland habitat on the park, increased significantly in the region. The Red-bellied Woodpecker utilizes trees for foraging, which are sparse in the grassland habitat on the park. Declining diversity and richness values suggest that park habitat is declining in its ability to meet the requirements of many of the park’s breeding bird species. This decline in species richness could reflect habitat management practices, but it could also reflect the influences of larger-scale factors such as weather or climatic conditions on vegetation. Therefore, continued monitoring of birds and their habitats on George Washington Carver National Monument as management and weather and climatic conditions change is essential for park management.
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8

Peitz, David. Bird community monitoring at Pea Ridge National Military Park, Arkansas: Status report 2008–2021. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294263.

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Анотація:
Breeding bird surveys were initiated on Pea Ridge National Military Park, Arkansas in 2008 to assess temporal changes in the species composition and abundance of birds on the park. These data also improve our understanding of relationships between breeding birds and their habitat and the effects of management actions, such as invasive plant species control and tree thinning, on bird populations. Birds were sampled using point counts with 99 variable circular plots located on a systematic grid of 400 x 400-m cells (originating from a random start point). All birds seen or heard on a plot during a 5-minute sampling period were recorded. We surveyed for breeding birds in eight of the last 14 years on as many of the 99 variable circular plots as possible each year, resulting in 592 cumulative plot visits. Surveys have yielded records for 111 different species of birds. Ninety-three of the species recorded are classified as permanent or summer residents to the area, 11 as winter residents to the area, six as transients in the area, and one as a migrant through the area. Nine breeding species recorded are considered species of conservation concern for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region, the bird conservation region Pea Ridge National Military Park is located within. Of the 93 breeding species recorded, 4 species occurred in grassland and 11 in woodland habitats in numbers large enough to calculate annual abundances with some degree of confidence. However, only the Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea), Eastern Wood-pewee (Contopus virens), Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus), and Tufted Titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor) in woodland habitats demonstrated any trends (moderate to strong increases) in abundance. Trends in abundance were classified as uncertain for the rest of the species in both grassland and woodland habitats, which means that no significant increases or decreases occurred, but it is not certain that trends were < 5% per year. Comparisons of population trends on the park with regional trends for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region suggest that the bird community at Pea Ridge National Military Park is faring similarly to or slightly better than that of the region as a whole. Stable diversity, richness, and evenness values suggest that the park’s habitat has remained consistent in its ability to meet the requirements of many of the park’s breeding bird species. Any increase or decline in species richness could reflect habitat management practices but could also reflect the influences of larger-scale factors such as weather or climatic conditions on vegetation. Therefore, continued monitoring of birds and their habitats on Pea Ridge National Military Park as management and climatic conditions change is essential for park management. - -
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9

Kwan, K., and A. Haas. Passerine Bird Surveys for the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Site 200. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1820023.

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10

Smith, W. P., M. J. Stotts, B. A. Andres, J. M. Melton, A. Garibaldi, and K. Boggs. Bird, mammal, and vegetation community surveys of research natural areas in the Tongass National Forest. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-535.

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