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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Biogeography"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 29 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Biogeography"

Henderson, IM. "Biogeography without area?" Australian Systematic Botany 4, no. 1 (1991): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9910059.

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Recent methodological developments in historical biogeography generally treat biogeographic distribution as synonymous with occupancy of 'areas'. The aim of biogeographic analysis has been to determine the historical relationships of these areas using information from the distributions and phylogenetic relationships of animals and plants. While this may be of interest to geologists, it is of little interest to most biologists since it offers no direct insight into the historical processes that generate biogeographic patterns. Attempts to use relationships of areas (obtained from biogeographic patterns) to understand biogeographic processes can involve circularity. Focusing on relationships of areas relegates biology to a minor consideration in biogeography. This has resulted in the unfortunate dichotomy between 'ecological' and 'historical' biogeography. A biogeography of areas also limits the information potentially available from biogeographic distributions. Choice of areas for biogeographic analysis can be problematical and analysis is sensitive to this choice. Problems in identifying and analysing biogeographic areas are illustrated with trans-oceanic and local examples of austral biogeography.

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Crisci, Jorge V., Osvaldo E. Sala, Liliana Katinas, and Paula Posadas. "Bridging historical and ecological approaches in biogeography." Australian Systematic Botany 19, no. 1 (2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb05006.

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The practice of biogeography is rooted in disciplines that traditionally have had little intellectual exchange and yielded two complementary biogeographic approaches: ecological and historical biogeography. The aim of this paper is to review alternative biogeographic approaches in the context of spatial analysis. Biogeography can be used to set priorities for conservation of biological diversity, but also to design strategies to control biological invasions and vectors of human diseases, to provide information about the former distribution of species, and to guide development of ecological restoration initiatives, among other applications. But no one of these applications could be fully carried out until an integrative framework on biogeography, which bridges biogeographical historical and ecological paths of thinking, has been developed. Although we do not propose a new biogeographic method, we highlight the causes and consequences of the lack of a conceptual framework integrating ecology and history in biogeography, and how this required framework would allow biogeography to be fully utilised in fields such as conservation.

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Chase, Alexander B., and Jennifer BH Martiny. "The importance of resolving biogeographic patterns of microbial microdiversity." Microbiology Australia 39, no. 1 (2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma18003.

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For centuries, ecologists have used biogeographic patterns to test the processes governing the assembly and maintenance of plant and animal communities. Similarly, evolutionary biologists have used historical biogeography (e.g. phylogeography) to understand the importance of geological events as barriers to dispersal that shape species distributions. As the field of microbial biogeography initially developed, the utilisation of highly conserved marker genes, such as the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, stimulated investigations into the biogeographic patterns of the microbial community as a whole. Here, we propose that we should now consider the biogeographic patterns of microdiversity, the fine-scale genetic diversity observed within a traditional ribosomal-based operational taxonomic unit.

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Wiens, John J. "The niche, biogeography and species interactions." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1576 (August 27, 2011): 2336–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0059.

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In this paper, I review the relevance of the niche to biogeography, and what biogeography may tell us about the niche. The niche is defined as the combination of abiotic and biotic conditions where a species can persist. I argue that most biogeographic patterns are created by niche differences over space, and that even ‘geographic barriers’ must have an ecological basis. However, we know little about specific ecological factors underlying most biogeographic patterns. Some evidence supports the importance of abiotic factors, whereas few examples exist of large-scale patterns created by biotic interactions. I also show how incorporating biogeography may offer new perspectives on resource-related niches and species interactions. Several examples demonstrate that even after a major evolutionary radiation within a region, the region can still be invaded by ecologically similar species from another clade, countering the long-standing idea that communities and regions are generally ‘saturated’ with species. I also describe the somewhat paradoxical situation where competition seems to limit trait evolution in a group, but does not prevent co-occurrence of species with similar values for that trait (called here the ‘competition–divergence–co-occurrence conundrum’). In general, the interface of biogeography and ecology could be a major area for research in both fields.

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Bowen, Brian W., Michelle R. Gaither, Joseph D. DiBattista, Matthew Iacchei, Kimberly R. Andrews, W. Stewart Grant, Robert J. Toonen, and John C. Briggs. "Comparative phylogeography of the ocean planet." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 29 (July 18, 2016): 7962–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1602404113.

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Understanding how geography, oceanography, and climate have ultimately shaped marine biodiversity requires aligning the distributions of genetic diversity across multiple taxa. Here, we examine phylogeographic partitions in the sea against a backdrop of biogeographic provinces defined by taxonomy, endemism, and species composition. The taxonomic identities used to define biogeographic provinces are routinely accompanied by diagnostic genetic differences between sister species, indicating interspecific concordance between biogeography and phylogeography. In cases where individual species are distributed across two or more biogeographic provinces, shifts in genotype frequencies often align with biogeographic boundaries, providing intraspecific concordance between biogeography and phylogeography. Here, we provide examples of comparative phylogeography from (i) tropical seas that host the highest marine biodiversity, (ii) temperate seas with high productivity but volatile coastlines, (iii) migratory marine fauna, and (iv) plankton that are the most abundant eukaryotes on earth. Tropical and temperate zones both show impacts of glacial cycles, the former primarily through changing sea levels, and the latter through coastal habitat disruption. The general concordance between biogeography and phylogeography indicates that the population-level genetic divergences observed between provinces are a starting point for macroevolutionary divergences between species. However, isolation between provinces does not account for all marine biodiversity; the remainder arises through alternative pathways, such as ecological speciation and parapatric (semiisolated) divergences within provinces and biodiversity hotspots.

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Swenson, Ulf, and Robert S. Hill. "Most parsimonious areagrams versus fossils: the case of Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 49, no. 3 (2001): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt00027.

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Vicariance biogeography uses most parsimonious areagrams in order to explain biogeographic patterns. One notion is that areagrams convey biogeographic information to the extent that alternative palaeogeographic hypotheses are suggested. However, extinctions may distort biogeographic information, leading to areagrams showing area relationships not supported by geological data, and plausible dispersal events might also be overlooked. By the use of the software COMPONENT 2.0, Nothofagus phylogeny was reconciled with the most parsimonious areagrams. Well-preserved fossils, identified to subgenera, were optimised to the reconciled tree. Not all past distributions were predicted by the analysis, and Nothofagus has clearly been present in areas where it cannot have been if strict vicariance is followed. It can therefore be demonstrated that the biogeographic signal in Nothofagus areagrams is incomplete, and that most parsimonious areagrams can be flawed. Areagrams can be a useful tool in historical biogeography, but must be scrutinised within a known geological context and not accepted uncritically as alternative palaeogeographical hypotheses.

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Ghiold, Joe, and Antoni Hoffman. "Biogeography and Biogeographic History of Clypeasteroid Echinoids." Journal of Biogeography 13, no. 3 (May 1986): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2844920.

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Djurdjic, Snezana. "Conservation biogeography: The modern scientific contribution of biogeography to the improvement of nature conservation." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 89, no. 4 (2009): 311–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0904311d.

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In present times, there is a clear and growing need for applying theoretical biogeographic achievements in improving the state of biodiversity and conservation. Conceptual principles of conservation biogeography take the research into the relationship between fundamental biogeographic principles and the need for their appliance in nature conservation as the basic theory model, based upon biogeographic studies of isolated ranges. This paper is meant to point out the differences between spatial and functional isolation and the effects these have on the stability of populations and species. In light of this need to apply theories in biodiversity and nature conservation, it is important to research not only the processes that depend solely upon natural factors, but also those that are caused by a number of human-induced changes, e.g. habitat fragmentation, climate change or biotic homogenization.

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McClain, Craig R., and Sarah Mincks Hardy. "The dynamics of biogeographic ranges in the deep sea." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277, no. 1700 (July 28, 2010): 3533–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1057.

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Anthropogenic disturbances such as fishing, mining, oil drilling, bioprospecting, warming, and acidification in the deep sea are increasing, yet generalities about deep-sea biogeography remain elusive. Owing to the lack of perceived environmental variability and geographical barriers, ranges of deep-sea species were traditionally assumed to be exceedingly large. In contrast, seamount and chemosynthetic habitats with reported high endemicity challenge the broad applicability of a single biogeographic paradigm for the deep sea. New research benefiting from higher resolution sampling, molecular methods and public databases can now more rigorously examine dispersal distances and species ranges on the vast ocean floor. Here, we explore the major outstanding questions in deep-sea biogeography. Based on current evidence, many taxa appear broadly distributed across the deep sea, a pattern replicated in both the abyssal plains and specialized environments such as hydrothermal vents. Cold waters may slow larval metabolism and development augmenting the great intrinsic ability for dispersal among many deep-sea species. Currents, environmental shifts, and topography can prove to be dispersal barriers but are often semipermeable. Evidence of historical events such as points of faunal origin and climatic fluctuations are also evident in contemporary biogeographic ranges. Continued synthetic analysis, database construction, theoretical advancement and field sampling will be required to further refine hypotheses regarding deep-sea biogeography.

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Nijman, Vincent, and Ronald Vonk. "Blurring the picture: introductions, invasions, extinctions – biogeography in a global world." Contributions to Zoology 77, no. 2 (2008): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-07702002.

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Global biogeography and phylogeography have gained importance as research topics in zoology, as attested by the steady increase in the number of journals devoted to this topic and the number of papers published. Yet, in a globalising world, with species reintroductions, invasions of alien species, and large-scale extinctions, unravelling the true biogeographic relationships between areas and species may become increasingly difficult. We present an introduction to the symposium ‘Biogeography: explaining and predicting species distributions in space and time’ held in Amsterdam in 2007, and the resulting papers as published in this special issue, including papers on crustaceans, birds and mammals.

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Дисертації з теми "Biogeography"

Billing, Ian Michael. "British carboniferous Bryozoan biogeography." Thesis, Durham University, 1991. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6289/.

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The geographical and temporal distributions of the British Carboniferous Bryozoa have been determined, incorporating data from fieldwork (including localities in Scotland, North England, North Wales, South Wales, and Avon), museum collections, and literature searches. A total of 126 species has been recognised, though further work may reveal some synonymies within this list. The forty species collected during the fieldwork have been identified by reference to previous taxonomic work; most species can be assigned to established taxonomic descriptions, but two new species, Rhombopora bancrofti and Polypora hexagonaria, are proposed, and the descriptions of Rhombopora incrassata and Rhombopora similis are emended. The applicability of Student's t-test to the morphometric analysis of Carboniferous bryozoan species has been studied, and a computer program written to perforin this task, incorporating a database of species measurements. A new statistical method, the division t-test, is presented in this thesis; this method is useful in comparing the relative ratios of bryozoan colony parameters. Both the t-test and the division t-test were found to be of use in identifying bryozoan species. Analysis of the bryozoan faunas in nine regional areas of Britain has been made using the Simpson and Jaccard coefficients of similarity. The resulting coefficients are consistent with the limited distribution capability of many bryozoan taxa, and also match with the known palaeogeography and palaeocurrents of the Carboniferous of northwest Europe. Plots of species diversity against geographical distribution show a similar pattern to that produced by Tertiary non-planktotrophic larvae-bearing neogastropods. Further, additional plots of species diversity against species longevity produced a pattern consistent with normal background extinction events. A study of bryozoan morphology between different areas and different stages within the Carboniferous indicated that species showed no measurable temporal evolutionary or lateral geographical changes through the Lower Carboniferous. Rather, local environmental stresses are the major architects of bryozoan colony morphology.

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ergezer, mehmet. "OPPOSITIONAL BIOGEOGRAPHY-BASED OPTIMIZATION." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1392301939.

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Alvarado, Barrantes Ricardo. "Statistical models in biogeography." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423067.

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We concentrate on the statistical methods used in Biogeography for modelling the spatial distribution of bird species. Due to the difficulty of specifying a joint multivariate spatial covariance structure in environmental processes, we factor such a joint distribution into a series of conditional models linked together in a hierarchical framework. We have a process that corresponds to an unobservable map with the actual information about a bird species, and the data correspond to the observations that are connected to that process. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation approaches are used for models involving multiple levels incorporating dependence structures. We use a Bayesian algorithm for drawing samples from the posterior distribution in order to obtain estimates of the parameters and reconstruct the true map based on data. We present different methods to overcome the problem of calculating the distribution of the Markov random field that is used in the MCMC algorithm. During the analysis it is desirable to delete some of the predictors from the model and only use a subset of covariates in the estimation procedure. We use the method by Kuo & Mallick (1998) (KM) for variable selection and combine it with multiple independent chains which successfully improves the mixing behaviour. In simulation studies we show the better performance of the pseudolikelihood over other likelihood approximation methods, and the good performance of the KM method with this type of data. We illustrate the application of the methods with the complete analysis of the spatial distribution of two bird species (Sturnella magna and Anas rubripes) based on a real data set. We show the advantages of using the hidden structure and the spatial interaction parameter in the spatial hidden Markov model over other simpler models, like the ordinary logistic model or the autologistic model without observation errors.
Ci concentriamo sui metodi statistici utilizzati in Biogeografia per modellare la distribuzione spaziale delle specie di uccelli. A causa della difficoltà nello specificare una struttura multivariata congiunta della covarianza spaziale nei processi ambientali, fattorizziamo tale distribuzione congiunta in una serie di modelli condizionati connessi asieme in un modello gerarchico. Abbiamo un processo che corrisponde ad una mappa non osservabile con le informazioni effettive su una specie di uccelli, ed i dati corrispondono alle osservazioni che sono collegate a tale processo. Vengono utilizzati gli approcci di simulazione Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) per i modelli a più livelli che incorporano strutture di dipendenza. Usiamo un algoritmo Bayesiano per estrarre campioni dalla distribuzione a posteriori al fine di ottenere stime dei parametri e ricostruire la vera immagine basata sui dati. Presentiamo diversi metodi per superare il problema del calcolo della distribuzione del campo aleatorio markoviano che viene utilizzato nell’ algoritmo MCMC. Durante l’analisi, è opportuno eliminare alcuni predittori dal modello e utilizzare solo un sottoinsieme di covariate nella procedura di stima. Usiamo il metodo di Kuo & Mallick (1998) (KM) per la selezione delle variabili che, combinato all’uso dei più catene independenti, incrementa con successo il mixing delle catene. Negli studi di simulazione, presentiamo le migliori prestazioni della pseudo-verosimiglianza rispetto agli altri metodi di approssimazione e le buone prestazioni del metodo KM per queso tipo di dati. Illustriamo l’applicazione dei metodi con l’analisi completa della distribuzione spaziale di due specie di uccelli (Sturnella magna e Anas rubripes), basandoci su di un insieme di dati reale. Dimostriamo i vantaggi nell’uso della struttura latente e del parametro di interazione spaziale nel modello spaziale markoviano latente rispetto agli altri modelli più semplici, come l’ordinario modello logistico o il modello autologistico senza errori di osservazione.

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Herbert, Jane. "Systematics and biogeography of Myricaceae." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2687.

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Two molecular phylogenetic studies were undertaken to examine relationships within Myricaceae. Analyses of DNA sequences of the plastid rbcL gene, trnL-Fregion and nuclear ITS region showed the family to be monophyletic. In all analyses Canacomyrica, a monotypic genus endemic to New Caledonian that bears several distinctive features such as staminodes in the female flowers, fell into a well- supported clade sister to the rest of Myricaceae. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS and trnL-F sequence data, representing all genera and subgeneric groups, were undertaken using maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods. The following relationships were strongly supported: (Canacomyrica (Comptonia (Myrica, Morella))). The clade containing all species formerly considered to comprise Myrica s.l. was split into two strongly supported clades corresponding to Myrica s.s. and Morella; this finding strengthens the argument for recognition of these as separate genera. Within Morella, two clades corresponded to previously recognized subgenera. Molecular dating analyses were performed using Penalized Likelihood. Close correlations between lineage-specific diversification and major orogenic or climatic events were inferred. This study suggests that much of the diversity in Morella arose during the Neogene and seed-dispersal by birds has been a significant factor in determining the modem distribution. A study of the conservation status of Canacomyrica was conducted using field observations and data from herbarium specimens. This species was found to occur in just eleven fragmented localities: six outside protected areas and three threatened by mining or bush fires. IUCN Red List status of Endangered was recommended. The morphology and ecology of Canacomyrica was studied to enhance knowledge of this poorly known species and provide comparative data for use in a study of the morphology of the entire family. A new classification scheme with keys was presented including, for the first time, Canacomyrica. New combinations in Morella were recommended.

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Gelang, Magnus. "Babblers, Biogeography and Bayesian Reasoning." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Zoologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-71321.

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In this thesis, I try to proceed one step further towards an understanding of the biogeographic processes forming the distribution patterns of organisms that we see today. Babblers and warblers are diverse groups of passerines that are phylogenetically intermixed with other groups in the superfamily Sylvioidea. First, the gross phylogeny of the babblers and associated groups was estimated. Five major lineages of a well-supported monophyletic babbler radiation were recovered, and we proposed a new classification at family and subfamily level. Further, the genus Pnoepyga was excluded from Timaliidae, and we proposed the new family Pnoepygidae fam. nov. Second, the systematic position was investigated for the Albertine Rift taxon Hemitesia neumanni, which was found to be nested within the almost entirely Asian family Cettidae, and possible biogeographical scenarios were discussed. We concluded that the most plausible explanation involved late Miocene vicariance in combination with local extinctions. Third, the historical biogeography of a Leiothrichinae subclade, the Turdoides babblers and allies, was inferred. We concluded that the Middle East region probably played an important role in the early history of this clade, followed by local extinctions in this region. Fourth, a Bayesian method to reconstruct the historical biogeography under an event-based model was proposed, where the total biogeographic histories are sampled from its posterior probability distribution using Markov chains. In conclusion, I believe that, especially with more sophisticated methods available, we will see an increasing number of studies inferring biogeographic histories that lead to distribution patterns built up by a combination of dispersals and vicariance, but where these distributions have been extensively reshaped, or litterally demolished, by local extinctions. Therefore, my answer to the frequently asked question dispersal or vicariance? is both, but not the least: extinctions.
At the time of the doctoral defence the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows; Papers 3 and 4: Manuscripts

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McGuire, Avery Faye. "Phylogeny and biogeography of Erica /." Electronic thesis, 2003. http://etd.wfu.edu/theses/available/etd-12162003-111147/.

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Proud, Roland Hudson. "A biogeography of the mesopelagic community." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12025.

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There are a large number of research vessels and fishing vessels equipped with echosounders plying the world ocean, making continual observations of the ocean interior. Developing data collation programmes (e.g. Integrated Marine Observing System) and automated, repeatable analyses techniques enable the upper c. 1,200 meters of the world ocean to be sampled routinely, and for their characteristic deep scattering layers (DSLs) to be compared. Deep scattering layers are comprised of zooplankton (e.g. euphausiids) and fish, particularly myctophids or lantern fish, and comprise the majority of sub-surface biomass. Here we present, by the analysis of a global acoustic dataset, a mesopelagic biogeography of the sea. This was accomplished by (i) the collation and processing of a global active acoustic dataset, (ii) the development of a standardised and automated method of sound scattering layer (SSL) extraction and description, (iii) the derivation of the environmental drivers of DSL depth and biomass, (iv) the definition of a mesopelagic biogeography based on the drivers of DSL metrics and (v) the prediction, using output from the NEMO-MEDUSA-2.0 coupled model, of how the metrics and biogeography may change by 2100. Key findings include, the development of the Sound Scattering Layer Extraction Method (SSLEM) the inference that primary production, water temperature and wind stress are key drivers in DSL depth and biomass and that mesopelagic fish biomass may increase by 2100. Such an increase is a result of increased trophic efficiency from the shallowing of DSLs and rising water temperatures, suggesting, that as the climate warms the ocean is becoming more efficient. The biophysical relationships and biogeography derived here, serve to improve our understanding of mesopelagic mid-trophic level dynamics in open-ocean ecosystems. This will aid both fisheries and conservation management, which now adopt more holistic approaches when monitoring and evaluating ecosystem health and stability.

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Goldberg, Emma Elizabeth. "Macroevolutionary and coevolutionary models in biogeography." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3255000.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed May 8, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Smith, Fraser D. M. "Case studies in biogeography and extinction." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334231.

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Rosser, N. S. "Speciation and biogeography of heliconiine butterflies." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1386054/.

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In this thesis I investigate the speciation and biogeography of neotropical heliconiine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiina). In Chapter 2, I present a large database of locality records for heliconiine species and subspecies, and use these data to test evolutionary and biogeographic hypotheses for their diversification. I find evidence that geographical gradients in species richness are driven at least in part by variation in speciation and/or extinction rates, rather than via evolutionary age or niche conservatism alone. The eastern Andes are characterised by high species richness and short phylogenetic branch lengths, suggesting that new species frequently arise there. Conversely, the Amazon basin is notable for high intra-specific phenotypic diversity. In Chapter 3, I use the geographic data to estimate the frequency of sympatric speciation in heliconiines. I find that the patterns of range overlap observed in heliconiines are consistent with sympatric speciation. However, parapatric speciation followed by a tendency for daughter species to expand rapidly into one another’s ranges presents a plausible alternative explanation. I also present evidence that shifts in mimetic wing colour patterns and host plants are associated with speciation in heliconiines, suggesting that ecological adaptation may be important in triggering speciation events. In Chapter 4, I test the prediction that hybrid zones between Andean and Amazonian races of Heliconius should be moving towards the Andes. I find the position of the hybrid zones to be unchanged from 1986 – 2011, and located on a band of peak rainfall at the edge of the Andes. This suggests that rainfall peaks act as "sinks" for dispersal in butterflies and stabilise the hybrid zones on this low fitness region. The results oppose the Pleistocene Refugium theory, which predicts that centres of ranges, rather than contact zones at the edges, should be centred on current rainfall peaks.

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Книги з теми "Biogeography"

R, Riddle Brett, Brown, James H., 1942 Sept. 25-, and Brown, James H. 1942 Sept. 25-, eds. Biogeography. 3rd ed. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates, 2005.

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John, Flenley, Burgess S. A, and Beeson D, eds. Biogeography. New York: Harper & Row, 1986.

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Paul, Müller. Biogeography. New York: Harper & Row, 1986.

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Gailis, Mihails. Biogeography. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2009.

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Moss, R. P. Biogeography. Devizes: Poulshot, 1987.

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Pielou, E. C. Biogeography. Malabar, Fla: Krieger Pub. Co., 1992.

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Gailis, Mihails, and Stefans Kalninʹ. Biogeography. Edited by Gailis Mihails and Kalninʹ Stefans. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2009.

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1953-, Lomolino Mark V., ed. Biogeography. 2nd ed. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates, 1998.

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Hengeveld, Rob. Dynamic biogeography. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

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Morrone, Juan J. Neotropical Biogeography. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21824.

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Частини книг з теми "Biogeography"

Berry, Colin, Jason M. Meyer, Marjorie A. Hoy, John B. Heppner, William Tinzaara, Clifford S. Gold, Clifford S. Gold, et al. "Biogeography." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 481–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_312.

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Gordillo, Sandra, María Sol Bayer, Gabriella Boretto, and Melisa Charó. "Biogeography." In Mollusk shells as bio-geo-archives, 43–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03476-8_6.

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Cranston, P. S. "Biogeography." In The Chironomidae, 62–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0715-0_4.

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Hoppensteadt, Frank C., and Charles S. Peskin. "Biogeography." In Texts in Applied Mathematics, 83–104. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4131-5_5.

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Abrol, Dharam P. "Biogeography." In Asiatic Honeybee Apis cerana, 101–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6928-1_4.

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Vogiatzakis, Ioannis N. "Biogeography." In Mediterranean Mountain Environments, 115–35. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119941156.ch6.

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Marcus, Bernard. "Biogeography." In SpringerBriefs in Evolutionary Biology, 49–58. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6126-6_7.

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Dupuis-Désormeaux, Marc. "Biogeography." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 789–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_397.

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Hepburn, H. R., and Sarah E. Radloff. "Biogeography." In Honeybees of Asia, 51–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16422-4_3.

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Dupuis-Désormeaux, Marc. "Biogeography." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_397-1.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Biogeography"

Neuhaus, Artur Garcia, Patricia Turazzi, and Regiane Trevisan Pupo. "Learning Florianopolis biogeography through digital prototyping." In ENSUS2023 - XI Encontro de Sustentabilidade em Projeto. Grupo de Pesquisa Virtuhab/UFSC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29183/2596-237x.ensus2023.v11.n2.p57-69.

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The biogeography of Santa Catarina Island (Florianópolis/SC) is rich in diversity and is directly linked to the local culture, represented in gastronomy, festivals, crafts and folklore. Among the wealth of ecosystems located there, one can mention sandbanks, dunes, mangroves, hillside and plain forest,lakes and bays, which provide the habitat for a variety of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and other forms of life. Some of them, already identified as representative symbols of the place, point even more the local culture at national and international levels. The recognition of these specimens is the main goal in this research, aimed at elementary school students, providing knowledge of the vast biogeography of Florianópolis, in an interdisciplinary way, with the use of digital prototyping techniques as a tool allied with creativity.

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Ergezer, Mehmet, Dan Simon, and Dawei Du. "Oppositional biogeography-based optimization." In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics - SMC. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346043.

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Hunt, Adrian P., and Spencer G. Lucas. "BIOGEOGRAPHY OF PLEISTOCENE VERTEBRATE COPROLITES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-321436.

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"Survey of Biogeography Based Optimization." In 2018 IEEE International Students' Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science (SCEECS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sceecs.2018.8546905.

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Yang, Xin, Jiangtao Cao, Kairu Li, and Ping Li. "Improved opposition-based biogeography optimization." In 2011 Fourth International Workshop on Advanced Computational Intelligence (IWACI). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwaci.2011.6160087.

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Bourguignon, Thomas. "Historical biogeography of higher termites." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.108233.

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O'Hara, James E. "Biogeography of Afrotropical Tachinidae (Diptera)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113548.

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Shukla, Kartik, Mayank Verma, and Daya Gupta. "Age-Structured Biogeography-based Optimization." In 2020 4th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciccs48265.2020.9121034.

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Wang, Chen, and Yang Yang. "Hybrid Biogeography/Complex-based Optimization." In 6th International Workshop of Advanced Manufacturing and Automation. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iwama-16.2016.56.

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Sharma, Priya, Harish Sharma, and Nirmala Sharma. "Fast convergent biogeography based optimization algorithm." In 2016 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icacci.2016.7732141.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Biogeography"

Arnillas, Carlos, Adam Martin, Felicity Ni, and Sandy Smith. Biogeography in Conservation. American Museum of Natural History, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0137.

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Humans have now altered essentially every natural ecosystem in the world, and among the numerous consequences of anthropogenic global change, many of the Earth’s species are currently living under drastically different environmental and ecological conditions. On one hand, many species that once thrived in the wild are now threatened by extinction, while at the same time, species that were historically benign are becoming invasive in different parts of the world. To address this major challenge, it is critical that conservation practitioners understand the multiple short- and long-term climatological, geological, and evolutionary mechanisms that have resulted in the current distribution of species; understanding how these same mechanisms interact is also key in predicting species distributions—and possible extinctions—into the future. Using the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), an open-access worldwide database of species occurrences, this research project exercise is designed to guide teams of students through the process of: a) identifying and researching characteristics relevant to understanding species distribution (e.g., age of the group, habitat requirements, dispersal capabilities); b) representing the present and historic species distribution; c) critically assessing the quality and amount of information available; d) using that information to understand species history and potential future challenges the species may either face or impose on the ecosystems; and e) sharing the results with peers and learning from that experience.

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Achab, A. Biogeography of Ordovician Chitinozoa. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/132183.

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Bevers, Jerry. Biogeography and species density distributions of Tasmanian mammals. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5849.

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Wood, A. M. The Arabian Sea: A Natural Experiment in Phytoplankton Biogeography. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627903.

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Voeks, Robert. The biogeography of Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana) in central Oregon. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5429.

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Foster, Michael S. Support for a Symposium on Molecular Approaches to Phylogeny, Evolution and Biogeography. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada262112.

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Kulander, Olivia. Whence and Whither: Acoustic Variability and Biogeography of Tarsiers in North Sulawesi. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6253.

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Loehle, C., and H. Iltis. The Pleistocene biogeography of eastern North America: A nonmigration scenario for deciduous forest. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/564104.

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French, Johnnie. Biogeography, Morphology, and Systematics of the Mountain Cottontail, Sylvilagus nuttallii (Bachman, 1837), Mammalia: Lagomorpha: Leporidae. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7396.

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Batten, George. Biogeography of the American Pika (Ochotona princeps) in Oregon and Southern Washington : illuminating genetic relationships among disjunct populations. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5436.

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