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Статті в журналах з теми "Behaviour change outcomes":
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Wilkie, Stephanie, and Nicola Davinson. "The impact of nature-based interventions on public health: a review using pathways, mechanisms and behaviour change techniques from environmental social science and health behaviour change." Journal of the British Academy 9s7 (2021): 33–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/jba/009s7.033.
Анотація:
The aim of this narrative review is to explore whether nature-based interventions improved individual public health outcomes and health behaviours, using a conceptual framework that included pathways and pathway domains, mechanisms, and behaviour change techniques derived from environmental social science theory and health behaviour change models. A two-stage scoping methodology was used to identified studies published between 2000 and 2021. Peer reviewed, English-language reports of nature-based interventions with adults (N = 9) were included if the study met the definition of a health�behaviour change intervention and reported at least one measured physical/mental health outcome. Interventions focused on the restoring or building capacities pathway domains as part of the nature contact/experience pathway; varied health behaviour change mechanisms and techniques were present but environmental social-science-derived mechanisms to influence health outcomes were used less. Practical recommendations for future interventions include explicit statement of the targeted level of causation, as well as utilisation of both environmental social science and health behaviour change theories and varied public health outcomes to allow simultaneously testing of theoretical predictions.
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Reme, S. E., D. Stahl, T. Kennedy, R. Jones, S. Darnley, and T. Chalder. "Mediators of change in cognitive behaviour therapy and mebeverine for irritable bowel syndrome." Psychological Medicine 41, no. 12 (April 11, 2011): 2669–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291711000328.
Анотація:
BackgroundCognitive behaviour therapies (CBTs) have through several trials been demonstrated to reduce symptoms and disability in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients, but the mechanisms responsible for the changes are still unknown. The aim of this study was to test a theoretical model of CBT and investigate if cognitions and/or behaviour mediated the changes seen in CBT for IBS.MethodTo assess for possible mediating effects, we applied path analysis to the dataset of 149 diagnosed participants randomized to mebeverine hydrochloride plus CBT or mebeverine hydrochloride alone. Primary outcome was symptom severity, while secondary outcomes were work and social adjustment and anxiety.ResultsThe path analyses supported mediational paths for all outcomes. Changes in behaviour and cognitions mediated all three outcomes, with models placing behaviour change ‘upstream’ of cognition change having best fit. The analyses of model fits revealed best fit for the anxiety model and hence provide increased confidence in the causal model of anxiety.ConclusionsChanges in behaviour and cognitions mediate the change in CBT given to IBS patients. The results strengthen the validity of a theoretical model of CBT by confirming the interaction of cognitive, emotional and behavioural factors in IBS.
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O'Cass, Aron, and Deborah Griffin. "Eliciting positive social change: marketing’s capacity to drive prosocial behaviours." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 33, no. 5 (August 3, 2015): 826–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-02-2014-0027.
Анотація:
Purpose – While social marketing has been utilised to bring about positive social change, ultimately, the decision to engage in prosocial behaviour resides with the individual. The purpose of this paper is to explore the determinants and outcomes of prosocial behaviours. Design/methodology/approach – A web-based self-administered survey was used to collect data from a convenience sample of largely university staff and students. Data obtained were analysed using SEM-based partial least squares methodology. Findings – The results show that individuals who are future oriented and issue involved are more likely to engage in prosocial behaviour. Also, these individuals are more likely to assess fewer negative consequences and experience more positive feelings as a result of their prosocial behaviour. Research limitations/implications – While the study focuses on two social issues, it does provide some explanation of self-reported behaviour, rather than intention to behave. However, future research could pay attention to a wider array of social issues and undertake post hoc testing to measure the characteristics of the chosen social issues. This may enhance findings, and provide greater support for the generalisability of the model. Also, future research could be directed towards the examining the role of perceived risk and feelings as an outcome of behaviour. Practical implications – A better understanding of the prosocial individual can assist in designing more effective social marketing campaigns. In particular, focusing on positive feelings as a result of engaging in prosocial behaviour has practical implications. Originality/value – Little attention has been given in the marketing and consumer behaviour literature to understanding the prosocial individual. To this end, this research empirically tests a model of prosocial behaviour for two social issues that integrates determinants (social responsibility, time orientation and issue involvement) and outcomes (assessment of negative consequences and feelings). Moreover, the results highlight that positive feelings are a significant outcome of prosocial behaviour.
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Muriithi, Francis G., Aduragbemi Banke-Thomas, Gillian Forbes, Ruth W. Gakuo, Eleanor Thomas, Ioannis D. Gallos, Adam Devall, Arri Coomarasamy, and Fabiana Lorencatto. "A systematic review of behaviour change interventions to improve maternal health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa." PLOS Global Public Health 4, no. 2 (February 20, 2024): e0002950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002950.
Анотація:
The rate of decline in the global burden of avoidable maternal deaths has stagnated and remains an issue of concern in many sub-Saharan Africa countries. As per the most recent evidence, an average maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of 223 deaths per 100,000 live births has been estimated globally, with sub-Saharan Africa’s average MMR at 536 per 100,000 live births—more than twice the global average. Despite the high MMR, there is variation in MMR between and within sub-Saharan Africa countries. Differences in the behaviour of those accessing and/or delivering maternal healthcare may explain variations in outcomes and provide a basis for quality improvement in health systems. There is a gap in describing the landscape of interventions aimed at modifying the behaviours of those accessing and delivering maternal healthcare for improving maternal health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa. Our objective was to extract and synthesise the target behaviours, component behaviour change strategies and outcomes of behaviour change interventions for improving maternal health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Our protocol was published a priori on PROSPERO (registration number CRD42022315130). We searched ten electronic databases (PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, International Bibliography of Social Sciences, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL PLUS, African Index Medicus, African Journals Online, and Web of Science) and included randomised trials and quasi-experimental studies. We extracted target behaviours and specified the behavioural interventions using the Action, Actor, Context, Time, and Target (AACTT) framework. We categorised the behaviour change strategies using the intervention functions described in the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW). We reviewed 52 articles (26 randomized trials and 26 quasi-experimental studies). They had a mixed risk of bias. Out of these, 41 studies (78.8%) targeted behaviour change of those accessing maternal healthcare services, while seven studies (13.5%) focused on those delivering maternal healthcare. Four studies (7.7%) targeted mixed stakeholder groups. The studies employed a range of behaviour change strategies, including education 37 (33.3%), persuasion 20 (18%), training 19 (17.1%), enablement 16 (14.4%), environmental restructuring 8 (7.2%), modelling 6 (5.4%) and incentivisation 5 (4.5%). No studies used restriction or coercion strategies. Education was the most common strategy for changing the behaviour of those accessing maternal healthcare, while training was the most common strategy in studies targeting the behaviour of those delivering maternal healthcare. Of the 52 studies, 40 reported effective interventions, 7 were ineffective, and 5 were equivocal. A meta-analysis was not feasible due to methodological and clinical heterogeneity across the studies. In conclusion, there is evidence of effective behaviour change interventions targeted at those accessing and/or delivering maternal healthcare in sub-Saharan Africa. However, more focus should be placed on behaviour change by those delivering maternal healthcare within the health facilities to fast-track the reduction of the huge burden of avoidable maternal deaths in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Hall, Patricia, Maggie Lawrence, Thilo Kroll, Catherine Blake, James Matthews, and Olive Lennon. "Reducing risk behaviours after stroke: An overview of reviews interrogating primary study data using the Theoretical Domains Framework." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (April 26, 2024): e0302364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302364.
Анотація:
Background Lifestyle changes, in addition to preventive medications, optimise stroke secondary prevention. Evidence from systematic reviews support behaviour-change interventions post-stroke to address lifestyle-related risk. However, understanding of the theory-driven mediators that affect behaviour-change post-stroke is lacking. Methods Electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, Epistemonikos and Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews were searched to March 2023 for systematic reviews addressing behaviour-change after stroke. Primary studies from identified systematic reviews were interrogated for evidence supporting theoretically-grounded interventions. Data were synthesized in new meta-analyses examining behaviour-change domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and secondary prevention outcomes. Results From 71 identified SRs, 246 primary studies were screened. Only 19 trials (N = 2530 participants) were identified that employed theoretically-grounded interventions and measured associated mediators for behaviour-change. Identified mediators mapped to 5 of 14 possible TDF domains. Trial follow-up ranged between 1–12 months and no studies addressed primary outcomes of recurrent stroke or cardiovascular mortality and/or morbidity. Lifestyle interventions targeting mediators mapped to the TDF Knowledge domain may improve the likelihood of medication adherence (OR 6.08 [2.79, 13.26], I2 = 0%); physical activity participation (OR 2.97 [1.73, 5.12], I2 = 0%) and smoking cessation (OR 10.37 [3.22, 33.39], I2 = 20%) post-stroke, supported by low certainty evidence; Lifestyle interventions targeting mediators mapping to both TDF domains of Knowledge and Beliefs about Consequences may improve medication adherence post-stroke (SMD 0.36 [0.07, 0.64], I2 = 13%, very low certainty evidence); Lifestyle interventions targeting mediators mapped to Beliefs about Capabilities and Emotions domains may modulate low mood post-stroke (SMD -0.70 [-1.28, -0.12], I2 = 81%, low certainty evidence). Conclusion Limited theory-based research and use of behaviour-change mediators exists within stroke secondary prevention trials. Knowledge, Beliefs about Consequences, and Emotions are the domains which positively influence risk-reducing behaviours post-stroke. Behaviour-change interventions should include these evidence-based constructs known to be effective. Future trials should address cardiovascular outcomes and ensure adequate follow-up time.
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Stoyneva, Iva, Kisha Coa, Jillian Pugatch, Amy Sanders, Mary Schwarz, and Heather Cole-Lewis. "SmokefreeTXT Behaviour Change Technique Analysis." Journal of Smoking Cessation 12, no. 4 (December 20, 2016): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsc.2016.24.
Анотація:
Mobile text-messaging smoking cessation interventions have demonstrated their efficacy in increasing cessation rates. These interventions tend to be multifaceted and there is a need to specify their building blocks. The purpose of this study was to use the Behavioural Change Techniques Taxonomy V1 (BCTTv1) to systematically analyse the behaviour change techniques present in the SmokefreeTXT (SFTXT) adult programme. The entire SFTXT library was coded using the BCTTv1. Frequencies were calculated to assess the presence of BCT groups and unique BCTs in the entire programme. The mix of BCTs was also examined by programme week and during periods of high user dropout. Of the 16 groups of behavioural techniques, 14 were present in SFTXT. Of the 93 distinct BCTs, 41 were present in the full SFTXT message library. The most prevalent BCT groups were Feedback and Monitoring, Natural Consequences, Social Support, and Shaping Knowledge. There were differences in the mix of BCTs across the duration of the intervention. The results will enable us to test how changes in the use of specific BCTs and their frequency of use over time, impact (1) engagement with the programme (particularly during the days with high dropout rates), and (2) smoking cessation outcomes over time.
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Varman, Sumantla D., Rachel A. Jones, Bridget Kelly, Megan L. Hammersley, Anne-Maree Parrish, Rebecca Stanley, and Dylan P. Cliff. "The effect of experiential learning interventions on physical activity outcomes in children: A systematic review." PLOS ONE 18, no. 11 (November 30, 2023): e0294987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294987.
Анотація:
Background This systematic review examined the effectiveness of experiential learning interventions for improving children’s physical activity knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours. It also aimed to identify intervention characteristics that resulted in the greatest impact. Methods Four databases: Education Research Complete, Scopus, Web of Science and PsychINFO were searched from database inception to January 2023. Eligible studies: (1) included children 0–12 years; (2) assessed the effect of physical activity outcomes on children’s physical activity knowledge, attitudes or behaviour and (3) were randomised controlled trials conducted in any setting. Study risk of bias was assessed by two independent reviewers using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Intervention approaches were categorised, and effect sizes were compared across studies for each outcome. Results Twelve studies were included in the review: ten in school age and two in below five years. For behavioural outcomes, six of eight studies showed medium to large effects (effects size (ES) range: 0.3–0.9), two of the three studies that assessed attitudinal outcomes displayed medium effects (ES range: 0.4–0.5) and both studies that assessed knowledge outcomes displayed medium to large effects (ES range: 0.4–1.3). The two experiential learning interventions among children < 5 years demonstrated small to medium effects on behaviour change (ES range: 0.2–0.5). Effective interventions combined enjoyable practical activities (fitness activities, games and challenges), with behaviour change techniques (goal setting, and self-monitoring), were underpinned by a behaviour change theory, and were often of short duration (< 4 months) but intense (several sessions/week). Moderate to high statistical heterogeneity was observed for behaviour outcomes and risk of bias across studies was generally high. Conclusions This review provides some evidence supporting the effectiveness of experiential learning interventions in improving physical activity outcomes in school-aged children. Additional evidence is needed in children <5 years old. Future experiential learning interventions need to strengthen the evidence with rigorous methodological quality and clear reporting of the experiential learning components.
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Hayes, Ben, Sarah Hindle, and Paul Withington. "Strategies for Developing Positive Behaviour Management. Teacher Behaviour Outcomes and Attitudes to the Change Process." Educational Psychology in Practice 23, no. 2 (June 2007): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02667360701320861.
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Watson, Daniella, Patience Mushamiri, Paula Beeri, Toussaint Rouamba, Sarah Jenner, Simone Proebstl, Sarah H. Kehoe, Kate A. Ward, Mary Barker, and Wendy Lawrence. "Behaviour change interventions improve maternal and child nutrition in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review." PLOS Global Public Health 3, no. 3 (March 30, 2023): e0000401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000401.
Анотація:
Evidence that nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions can improve maternal and child nutrition status in sub-Saharan Africa is inconclusive. Using behaviour change theory and techniques in intervention design may increase effectiveness and make outcomes more predictable. This systematic review aimed to determine whether interventions that included behaviour change functions were effective. Six databases were searched systematically, using MeSH and free-text terms, for articles describing nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive behaviour change interventions published in English until January 2022. Titles, abstracts and full-text papers were double-screened. Data extraction and quality assessments followed Centre for Reviews and Dissemination guidelines. Behaviour change functions of interventions were mapped onto the COM-B model and Behaviour Change Wheel. PROSPERO registered (135054). The search yielded 1193 articles: 79 articles met inclusion criteria, ranging from low (n = 30) to high (n = 11) risk of bias. Many that applied behaviour change theory, communication or counselling resulted in significant improvements in infant stunting and wasting, household dietary intake and maternal psychosocial measures. Interventions with >2 behaviour change functions (including persuasion, incentivisation, environmental restructuring) were the most effective. We recommend incorporating behaviour change functions in nutrition interventions to improve maternal and child outcomes, specifically drawing on the Behaviour Change Wheel, COM-B model (SORT B recommendation). To enhance the designs of these interventions, and ultimately improve the nutritional and psychosocial outcomes for mothers and infants in sub-Saharan Africa, collaborations are recommended between behaviour change and nutrition experts, intervention designers, policy makers and commissioners to fund and roll-out multicomponent behaviour change interventions.
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Beck, Alison K., Erin Forbes, Amanda L. Baker, Ben Britton, Christopher Oldmeadow, and Gregory Carter. "Adapted motivational interviewing for brief healthcare consultations: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of treatment fidelity in real-world evaluations of behaviour change counselling." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e028417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028417.
Анотація:
IntroductionTreatment fidelity is an important and often neglected component of complex behaviour change research. It is central to understanding treatment effects, especially for evaluations conducted outside of highly controlled research settings. Ensuring that promising interventions can be delivered adequately (ie, with fidelity) by real-world clinicians within real-world settings is an essential step in developing interventions that are both effective and ‘implementable’. Whether this is the case for behaviour change counselling, a complex intervention developed specifically for maximising the effectiveness of real-world consultations about health behaviour change, remains unclear. To improve our understanding of treatment effects, best practice guidelines recommend the use of strategies to enhance, monitor and evaluate what clinicians deliver during patient consultations. There has yet to be a systematic evaluation of whether and how these recommendations have been employed within evaluations of behaviour change counselling, nor the impact on patient health behaviour and/or outcome. We seek to address this gap.Methods and analysisMethods are informed by published guidelines. Ten electronic databases (Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL Complete, ScienceDirect, Taylor and Francis; Wiley, ProQuest and Open Grey) will be searched for published and unpublished articles that evaluate behaviour change counselling within real-world clinical settings (randomised and non-randomised). Eligible papers will be rated against the National Institute of Health fidelity framework. A synthesis, evaluation and critical overview of fidelity practices will be reported and linear regression used to explore change across time. Random-effect meta-regression is planned to explore whether fidelity (outcomes reported and methods used) is associated with the impact of behaviour change counselling. Standardised effect sizes will be calculated using Hedges’ g (continuous outcomes) and ORs (binary/dichotomous outcomes).Ethics and disseminationNo ethical issues are foreseen. Findings will be disseminated via journal publication and conference presentation(s).PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019131169
Дисертації з теми "Behaviour change outcomes":
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Cheng, Wen-Hung (Ryan). ""Change for the better: The impact of Team Wise Proactive Change Management on burnout and team outcomes"." Thesis, Discipline of Work and Organisational Studies, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29950.
Анотація:
Past research on proactivity has focused on the frequency of proactive behaviours of individuals rather than the content of such behaviours and its operationalisation within teams. It is no longer sufficient to be merely proactive when dealing with ongoing changes within organisations or working when working in teams. My thesis introduces team wise proactive change management (TWPCM), where teams proactively manage change in ways that consider the situational, relational, and their own resources in addressing future challenges and reaching their goals. This paper examines the impact of TWPCM on burnout and the flow-on effects to team withdrawal and performance outcomes within the healthcare sector. To examine this, I propose three research questions: Does TWPCM alleviate burnout within healthcare teams?, Does the effect of TWPCM on burnout flow onto withdrawal and performance outcomes within the teams?, and Do work demands inhibit the positive benefits of TWPCM and its effects on burnout, withdrawal and performance outcomes within healthcare teams?. I employed a quantitative research design and drew on team aggregated survey data from a local health district in NSW, comprising 2324 nurses and midwives across 196 teams,. I also linked this survey data in terms of participants’ perception work to objective archival data across 12 months post survey completion, including patient safety data – specifically the number of medication and IV-related errors, as well as human resources data on leave and turnover. Findings show that TWPCM was indirectly negatively associated with undesirable team outcomes (team turnover, absenteeism and medication and IV errors) via burnout. Further, work demands moderated these indirect effects, whereby the relationship was weaker (creating barriers to alleviating undesirable consequences) when work demands are high. Importantly, the results indicate that wise proactive behaviours have theoretical and practical implications on healthcare workers and hospitals, and future researchers. My findings shed light on to the
important role of wise proactive change management for teams and advances the empirical evidence and knowledge on how to effectively manage change to benefit not just organisations but also employees and the society.
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Payne, Janette Elizabeth. "Relationship between psychosocial characteristics of clients and outcomes of dietary intervention methods." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36767/1/36767_Payne_2000.pdf.
Анотація:
This study contributed to best practice dietary management of clients with heart disease in a number of ways. It compared the effectiveness of five different styles of delivery of dietary intervention in clients with heart disease. It considered the associations between pyschosocial and other individual characteristics and dietary intervention outcomes and reviewed the usefulness of many currently recommended outcome measures. Resources and recommendations were also developed to allow the incorporation of the findings into clinical practice.
277 male clients with demonstrated coronary heart disease were recruited from The Prince Charles Hospital during 1998. Participants were allocated to five groups: individual counselling, single group session, multi-group sessions, handout only or study questionnaires only. Dietary intervention was provided to the first four groups. Demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, dietary and psychosocial data were collected from participants at baseline, 3 months and 6 months post intervention. A specially designed education resource 'Key to Healthy Heart Eating' was developed and used in the dietary intervention groups.
All interventions resulted in improvements or positive outcomes for some of the variables measured, with many achieving statistical significance as noted in the results section. Positive changes to clinical (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides), anthropometric (body mass index, waist hip ratio), behavioural and psychosocial outcome measures occurred for many individuals over the 6 month study period. The 'questionnaires only' intervention was shown to be significantly less effective for promoting improvement in anthropometric outcome measures compared to the dietary interventions considered. However, between these dietary interventions, no clear difference in performance was seen consistently across all outcome measures.
Therefore, choice of delivery style can not be specified by the results of this study. The multitude and complexity of factors involved in dietary behaviour change and achievement of positive outcomes is supported and reinforced. Some associations between initial characteristics and final outcomes were suggested and further studies are recommended to clarify and explore these findings further. The results of this study indicate that the most feasible and outcome effective style of delivery for this target population is dependent on the individual's capacity to participate, their initial anthropometric, clinical, behavioural and psychosocial profile, and other factors such as their support network, and physical and mental status. A screening process to select the most appropriate form of dietary intervention for individual clients with heart disease was developed to assist practitioners in the clinical setting.
Due to changes in knowledge scores during the study and the high percentage of participants meeting desirable outcome criteria before intervention, the validity and usefulness of some of the outcome measures can be questioned. For example, the focus on reducing fat intake was not appropriate as many were already selecting a low fat diet. The study also highlighted the need for practitioners to focus more on the dietary fibre intake of participants and their perceived barriers to change, for example, their willingness to explore new foods. High scores for doctors in the health locus of control questionnaires demonstrated the important role doctors are perceived to play, and hence their inclusion and involvement to promote a collaborative and integrated team approach is encouraged. The importance of ongoing support and follow-up for these clients was also highlighted and recommended.
The education resource developed for use in the current study will provide a useful tool for clinicians providing dietary and lifestyle education to men with coronary heart disease. The proposed screening process and recommendations are also provided for dissemination to, and evaluation by, practitioners. Further research is encouraged to build upon these findings and continue contributing towards the development of best practice guidelines for the dietary management of clients with heart disease.
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Brownson, Deborah Ann. "The use of classroom environment improvement plans in an attempt to change aspects of teacher interpersonal behaviour and the science laboratory learning environment in order to improve student outcomes." Thesis, Curtin University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1875.
Анотація:
The learning environment has been the focus of considerable educational research over a long period of time. The study reported in this thesis utilises the perceptions of 208 junior science students from a North Queensland state secondary school to inform classroom environment improvement plans developed and implemented by their teachers' in an attempt to improve the cognitive and attitudinal outcomes of the students. The five stage process on which the study is based combines theory and practice in providing the participating teachers with a structured means of bringing about change in their classrooms. Students' perceptions of actual and preferred teacher interpersonal behaviour and the laboratory learning environment are measured using the QTI and SLEI respectively. Particular aspects of teacher interpersonal behaviour and the laboratory learning environment are targeted for change through the classroom environment improvement plans. The study identified which aspects of the learning environment had changed after a period of intervention. It also identified associations between students' perceptions of aspects of their laboratory learning environment and attitudinal outcomes as well as associations between teacher interpersonal behaviours and attitudinal outcomes. While no direct associations were found between aspects of the laboratory learning environment or teacher interpersonal behaviours and cognitive outcomes, students' cognitive outcomes did improve over the duration of the study thus supporting a previously established link between student attitudes and cognitive outcomes.
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Brownson, Deborah Ann. "The use of classroom environment improvement plans in an attempt to change aspects of teacher interpersonal behaviour and the science laboratory learning environment in order to improve student outcomes." Curtin University of Technology, Science and Mathematics Education Centre, 2006. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=17767.
Анотація:
The learning environment has been the focus of considerable educational research over a long period of time. The study reported in this thesis utilises the perceptions of 208 junior science students from a North Queensland state secondary school to inform classroom environment improvement plans developed and implemented by their teachers' in an attempt to improve the cognitive and attitudinal outcomes of the students. The five stage process on which the study is based combines theory and practice in providing the participating teachers with a structured means of bringing about change in their classrooms. Students' perceptions of actual and preferred teacher interpersonal behaviour and the laboratory learning environment are measured using the QTI and SLEI respectively. Particular aspects of teacher interpersonal behaviour and the laboratory learning environment are targeted for change through the classroom environment improvement plans. The study identified which aspects of the learning environment had changed after a period of intervention. It also identified associations between students' perceptions of aspects of their laboratory learning environment and attitudinal outcomes as well as associations between teacher interpersonal behaviours and attitudinal outcomes. While no direct associations were found between aspects of the laboratory learning environment or teacher interpersonal behaviours and cognitive outcomes, students' cognitive outcomes did improve over the duration of the study thus supporting a previously established link between student attitudes and cognitive outcomes.
5
Shao, Jung-Hua. "Evaluation of health-related outcomes following a self-management program for older people with heart failure." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/20702/1/Jung-Hua_Shao_Thesis.pdf.
Анотація:
Background. Heart failure (HF) which is a chronic, disabling disorder is mainly found in older people and is one of the leading causes of hospitalisation and readmission around the world. Unfortunately, the mortality and morbidity rates for HF remain high. HF is a complex combination of symptoms which are related to an inadequate perfusion of the body tissues caused by fluid and sodium retention. Hence, enhancing HF patients’ self-efficacy to change their behaviours to perform fluid & sodium control is one of the most important issues for the management of HF. A self-management program has the potential to raise self-efficacy and self-care which is a method to improve health for those with chronic illness and to decrease patients’ health service utilisation and also to enhance these patients’ health status. Aim. The study aims to examine the effectiveness of a self-management program, based on self-efficacy theory, in older people with heart failure in Taiwan. Methods. An experimental design was used to examine the effectiveness of a self-management program on diet and fluid control among HF patients. A total of 93 subjects from two medical centres in Taiwan were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. In order to examine the effectiveness of self-management, data were collected at baseline, week 4, and week 12 using the following instruments: self-efficacy for salt and fluid control, HF self-management behaviour, HF related symptoms, and body weight. Moreover, health service utilisation and patient’s evaluation of care received were collected on all patients for the 12 weeks prior to commencing the study and for the 12 week study period. Demographic and disease information was also collected including age, gender, marital state, education, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification. A structured, individualized self-management training program created by the investigator was implemented for the intervention group through home visits and telephone follow-ups. This program emphasized self-monitoring of diet control and body weight for the self-management of heart failure. The purpose was to improve patients’ self-efficacy in their diet control behaviour. The “diet control” in this study focussed on sodium and fluid restriction. Outcome measures were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 15.0 version, and the level of significance (á) was set at 0.05 for statistical analysis. Results. There were differences for older Taiwanese HF patients’ self-efficacy for salt and fluid control, self-management behaviour, and HF related symptoms for participants who received a self-management intervention compared to those who did not. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in weight and health serves utilization (p>.001). Conclusion. The self-management program had a positive impact on the improvement of self-efficacy for salt and fluid control, HF related self-management behaviours and symptoms in older Taiwanese with HF. This program may bridge the gap between theory and practice. Health care providers need to provide older people in Taiwan with HF the appropriate skills for self-managing their condition and thereby promoting their health status. These patients with HF and their caregivers have to receive individualized education that emphasizes self-efficacy in the self-management of their disease, thus improving their quality of life.
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Shao, Jung-Hua. "Evaluation of health-related outcomes following a self-management program for older people with heart failure." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/20702/.
Анотація:
Background. Heart failure (HF) which is a chronic, disabling disorder is mainly found in older people and is one of the leading causes of hospitalisation and readmission around the world. Unfortunately, the mortality and morbidity rates for HF remain high. HF is a complex combination of symptoms which are related to an inadequate perfusion of the body tissues caused by fluid and sodium retention. Hence, enhancing HF patients’ self-efficacy to change their behaviours to perform fluid & sodium control is one of the most important issues for the management of HF. A self-management program has the potential to raise self-efficacy and self-care which is a method to improve health for those with chronic illness and to decrease patients’ health service utilisation and also to enhance these patients’ health status. Aim. The study aims to examine the effectiveness of a self-management program, based on self-efficacy theory, in older people with heart failure in Taiwan. Methods. An experimental design was used to examine the effectiveness of a self-management program on diet and fluid control among HF patients. A total of 93 subjects from two medical centres in Taiwan were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. In order to examine the effectiveness of self-management, data were collected at baseline, week 4, and week 12 using the following instruments: self-efficacy for salt and fluid control, HF self-management behaviour, HF related symptoms, and body weight. Moreover, health service utilisation and patient’s evaluation of care received were collected on all patients for the 12 weeks prior to commencing the study and for the 12 week study period. Demographic and disease information was also collected including age, gender, marital state, education, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification. A structured, individualized self-management training program created by the investigator was implemented for the intervention group through home visits and telephone follow-ups. This program emphasized self-monitoring of diet control and body weight for the self-management of heart failure. The purpose was to improve patients’ self-efficacy in their diet control behaviour. The “diet control” in this study focussed on sodium and fluid restriction. Outcome measures were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 15.0 version, and the level of significance (á) was set at 0.05 for statistical analysis. Results. There were differences for older Taiwanese HF patients’ self-efficacy for salt and fluid control, self-management behaviour, and HF related symptoms for participants who received a self-management intervention compared to those who did not. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in weight and health serves utilization (p>.001). Conclusion. The self-management program had a positive impact on the improvement of self-efficacy for salt and fluid control, HF related self-management behaviours and symptoms in older Taiwanese with HF. This program may bridge the gap between theory and practice. Health care providers need to provide older people in Taiwan with HF the appropriate skills for self-managing their condition and thereby promoting their health status. These patients with HF and their caregivers have to receive individualized education that emphasizes self-efficacy in the self-management of their disease, thus improving their quality of life.
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Andersson, Jonas. "Effects of parent training on parenting: : Associated Change between Parental Behaviors and Preadolescent Problem Behaviors." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-26385.
Анотація:
The aim of this study was to find out if change in parent behavior is associated with change in preadolescent problem behavior during parent training programs. A total of 561 single parents or couples of mainly Swedish origin were randomized into one out of four parent training programs with different theoretical bases. Parents’ self-reports of their own behavior and of their children’s intensity as well as impact of problem behavior, lack of attention, and hyperactivity showed that effects were equal across interventions for both children and parents. 12 parent constructs were measured. All of them except positive parent behavior constructs correlated with all four outcomes for children on significant levels. Negative parent behavior predicted change in all child outcomes on a highly significant level.
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Neame, Margo Elizabeth Elwin. "Process of health behaviour change: Is Change Talk associated with diabetes outcome? A pilot study of Motivational Interviewing." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7503.
Анотація:
Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a person-centred and collaborative form of guiding individuals to elicit and strengthen their motivation for change. It has achieved success in the treatment of substance disorders, and has shown promise in several other areas of interest, such as behaviour management in chronic illness. The process through which MI exerts its influence on outcome however, is still in its infancy.
This research set out to explore the nature of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes patients‟ utterances in Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) sessions (Change Talk), and the associations between their Change Talk and diabetes outcome (clinically significant change in blood glucose levels). Data for this study was taken from a multiple baseline designed study in a diabetes clinic in Christchurch (Britt, 2008). Nine patients who were referred to the clinic for help with their diabetes self-management were administered MET by Diabetes Nurse Educators (DNEs) which comprised four sessions over a six week period. In the current study participants were divided into those who did (BG Change participants; n = 4) or those who did not (BG No Change participants; n = 5) achieve a clinically significant change in their blood glucose levels (HbA1c) post intervention. All client utterances from the 36 transcripts were coded with the Motivational Interviewing Skills Code, version 2.0 (MISC, 2.0), and data analysed accordingly.
This is a unique study in that it investigated both the mean frequency and strength of Change Talk in the different participant sets, as well as their patterns of Change Talk within and across sessions. Trends and directions in data suggest support for parts of the theory of the inner workings of MI. In particular, the BG Change participants uttered stronger Desire Language, a higher frequency of Commitment language, and weaker Ability language than
the BG No Change participants. In addition, a general increasing pattern of strength across and within sessions, and frequency across sessions was found for the BG Change participants, while a similar pattern was found for the BG No Change participants regarding strength, but not frequency. The role of Sustain Talk strength and its relationship to the findings is highlighted. Implications of findings, as well as limitations of the current research and suggestions for future areas of research are discussed.
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Rudge, Marion. "An Exploratory Analysis of Change During Group CBT for Social Phobia in Clinical Practice: A Treatment-Effectiveness Study." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1417.
Анотація:
The effectiveness of a Group CBT programme for Social Phobia was assessed using 18 participants recruited from a routine practice setting. Therapy was based on CBT techniques as practiced routinely by the clinical practice, and were not modified for the study by factors such as strict exclusion criteria and adherence to rigid manualised treatments. Pre- to post-treatment effect sizes compared favourably with those reported in a meta-analysis (Taylor, 1996). The findings provide support for the accessibility and effectiveness of group CBT techniques for Social Phobia in field settings. While some individuals within the sample experienced dramatic improvement, some remained severely impaired even at post-treatment. The results of Hierarchical Multiple Regressions indicated that lower levels of pre-treatment depression severity, higher levels of attendance, and greater homework compliance, were predictive of more improvement on some, but not all, measures of outcome. Implications for treatment are discussed.
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Ellison, Adrian Bachman. "Evaluating changes in driver behaviour for road safety outcomes: a risk profiling approach." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11567.
Анотація:
Road safety continues to be an important issue with road crashes among the leading causes of death. Considerable effort has been put into improving our understanding of the factors that influence driving behaviour with a view to devising more effective road safety strategies. Within the literature, demographics, social norms, personality, enforcement and the road environment have all been identified as influencers of risky driving behaviour. What is missing is an integrated empirical approach which examines the relationship between these factors and drivers’ awareness of their speeding behaviour to a measure of day-to-day driving behaviour. This research employs demographic, psychological, vehicle, trip and Global Positioning System (GPS) driving data collected from 106 drivers in Sydney, Australia during a pay-as-you-drive study. The main contributions are three-fold. First, a methodology is developed to control for the influence of spatiotemporal characteristics on driver behaviour. This deals with the inherent variability introduced from road environment factors external to the driver which would otherwise lead to misleading results. Second, the creation of a composite measure of driver behaviour allows driver behaviour to be described using a single measure whilst accounting for the variability and multitude of aspects within the driving task. This allows drivers to be compared to each other and for the same driver to be compared across time and space permitting empirical testing of interventions in a before and after study. Lastly, this research reveals the potential for reducing the extent and magnitude of risky driving behaviour by making drivers aware of their own behaviour. The results indicate that drivers can be placed in three groups: drivers requiring a monetary incentive to change speeding behaviour, drivers requiring information alone to change their speeding behaviour and drivers that appear unresponsive to both monetary incentives and information.
Книги з теми "Behaviour change outcomes":
1
H, Hall Richard. Organizations: Structures, processes, and outcomes. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1999.
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H, Hall Richard. Organizations: Structures, processes, and outcomes. 5th ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1991.
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H, Hall Richard. Organizations: Structures, processes, and outcomes. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2009.
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H, Hall Richard. Organizations: Structures, processes, and outcomes. 6th ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1996.
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H, Hall Richard. Organizations: Structures, processes, and outcomes. 4th ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall, 1987.
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Robinson, Patricia J. Real behavior change in primary care: Improving patient outcomes and increasing job satisfaction. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications, 2010.
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Khan, M. E. Shaping demand and practices to improve family health outcomes: Designing a behavior change communication strategy in India. New Delhi: SAGE Publications, 2012.
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L, Chamberlain Linda, and Bütz Michael R, eds. Clinical chaos: A therapist's guide to nonlinear dynamics and therapeutic change. Philadelphia: Brunner/Mazel, 1998.
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Peace Corps (U.S.). The positive deviance nutrition guide for Peace Corps volunteers: A community-based approach to behavior change for improved nutrition outcomes. [Washington, D.C.]: Peace Corps, 2014.
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Pyka, Andreas, and Uwe Cantner. Foundations of Economic Change: A Schumpeterian View on Behaviour, Interaction and Aggregate Outcomes. Springer, 2017.
Частини книг з теми "Behaviour change outcomes":
1
Strong, Colin. "Human Flourishing Through Behaviour Change." In Human Flourishing, 85–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09786-7_6.
Анотація:
AbstractWe tend to think of flourishing as a place we get to, where we have arrived, but often do not see that act of change itself is a core facet of what it means to flourish. Indeed, we argue that flourishing is in fact our ability to change and adapt rather than a state that we are striving for. This points to human flourishing requiring an ‘adaptive’ approach to manage change: supporting careful navigation, negotiation and trade-offs. On this basis we need to identify the barriers that get in the way of enacting these possibilities and as such organisations and institutions that seeks to facilitate behaviour change will lean on barrier identification as well identifying ways to overcome them thought educating, assisting and facilitating. Using a behaviour change framework to identify the mechanisms shaping behaviour can help to identify ways to overcome barriers and facilitate positive outcomes.
2
Ackers, Louise, Gavin Ackers-Johnson, Joanne Welsh, Daniel Kibombo, and Samuel Opio. "Change Processes: Multi-Disciplinary Teamwork." In Anti-Microbial Resistance in Global Perspective, 129–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62662-4_7.
Анотація:
AbstractThis chapter examines the importance of multi-disciplinary team-working to the management of antimicrobial stewardship and behaviour change processes. MDT has played a major role in improving communication and reducing professional boundaries that had previously contributed to high levels of infection; extended use of, often inappropriate antibiotics and poor patient outcomes. The functioning of such teams facilitates the role of clinical pharmacy.
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Kerkstra, Afke, Cristina Lavareda Baixinho, Isa Brito Félix, Judith Strawbridge, and Mara Pereira Guerreiro. "Interprofessional Learning Outcomes-Based Curriculum to Support Behaviour Change in Persons Self-Managing Chronic Disease." In A Practical Guide on Behaviour Change Support for Self-Managing Chronic Disease, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20010-6_1.
Анотація:
AbstractThis chapter sets the stage for the remaining book, by introducing the Train4Health project and by explaining how the learning outcomes presented in subsequent chapters have been derived and linked with content of the book. Firstly, the Train4Health interprofessional competency framework to support behaviour change in persons self-managing chronic disease is briefly presented. This European competency framework was the starting point for developing the learning outcomes-based curriculum, which is succinctly addressed in the subsequent section. Finally, practical considerations about the Train4Health curriculum are discussed, including opportunities and challenges for interprofessional education.
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Humphreys, Lincoln. "Organisational Culture in Disability Accommodation Services." In Disability Practice, 247–64. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6143-6_13.
Анотація:
AbstractCulture refers to shared beliefs, values, basic assumptions, norms, and patterns of behaviour that influence how staff think, feel, and act. It exists at multiple levels within organisations (e.g., whole of organisation, senior managers, frontline service) and it enables and constrains what staff do. Most research on culture in disability organisations has occurred at the service level. Culture can account for poor practice and abuse of people with intellectual disabilities living in supported accommodation services. Conversely, it can contribute to good quality support and quality of life outcomes. This chapter explains what is culture, how it influences staff behaviour, the characteristics of culture in good and poor quality services, and how to change culture.
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Looker, Benjamin, Alison Kington, Kimberley Hibbert-Mayne, Karen Blackmore, and Scott Buckler. "The Illusion of Perspective: Examining the Dynamic Between Teachers’ Perceived and Observed Effective Teaching Behaviour." In Effective Teaching Around the World, 653–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31678-4_29.
Анотація:
AbstractEffective teaching behaviour is known to be associated with positive pupil outcomes. As such, it is considered an important aspect of educational research. In this chapter, we used validated instruments to measure two types of teaching effectiveness. Teachers’ perceived effective teaching behaviour was measured using the Teacher as Social Context (TASC) questionnaire and teachers’ observed effective teaching behaviour were measured using the International Comparative Analysis of Learning and Teaching (ICALT) Observation Instrument. Statistical comparisons were made between these two measures and were additionally analysed through the lens of teachers’ career phases. The study found that there are significant differences in teachers’ perceived and observed effective teaching behaviour. Teachers’ perceived effective teaching behaviour was found to remain relatively stable throughout their careers, however, their observed effectiveness was seen to change considerably. As teachers enter the middle phases of their careers, an increase in observed effectiveness was identified, followed by a decline during the later career phases. Further analysis of observed effective teaching behaviour using six ICALT domains indicates that the way a teacher facilitates a safe and stimulating learning climate and is efficiently organised plays an important role in the variation of their observed effectiveness. These results have implications for the continued professional development of trainee teachers and qualified teachers at all stages of their careers.
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Hawkins, Robert P., Judith R. Mathews, and Laureen Hamdan. "Targeting Behaviors to Measure and Change." In Measuring Behavioral Health Outcomes, 13–23. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4759-4_2.
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Critchfield, Kenneth L., and Lorna Smith Benjamin. "Tracking change and assessing outcomes." In Structural analysis of social behavior (SASB): A primer for clinical use., 239–62. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0000403-010.
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Cantner, Uwe, and Andreas Pyka. "Introduction: Foundations of Economic Change—Behavior, Interaction and Aggregate Outcomes." In Foundations of Economic Change, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62009-1_1.
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Masters, William A., and Amelia B. Finaret. "Market Power: Imperfect Competition and Strategic Behavior." In Food Economics, 149–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53840-7_5.
Анотація:
AbstractPrevious chapters used the principles of economics to build analytical models of individual choice and market outcomes designed to explain and predict changes in price, quantity and wellbeing in response to a change in circumstances. Each model shows how economic principles would apply to one type of situation, using prior knowledge of the context to show how supply, demand and trade respond to policy interventions that alter the distribution and level of wellbeing, first in the benchmark case of perfect competition and then with externalities that drive change in sustainability and equity. This chapter introduces the concept of market power, which is when a single seller or buyer controls the entire quantity bought and sold. In the first section we explore how firms acquire market power through economies of scale and product differentiation, how firms use market power to raise profits through quantity restriction or price discrimination and how governments respond in ways that alter market outcomes. In the second section we show how economic principles apply to strategic interactions, introducing game theory through the example of two people each of whom chooses between two options. That example shows how each person’s choices, when taking the other’s responses into account, lead to outcomes that depend on the payoff matrix of potential outcomes. The chapter provides many examples of how market power and strategic interactions play out in the food system, showing how economic analysis can help decision-makers reach higher levels of efficiency, equity and sustainability.
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Adema, Willem, Chris Clarke, and Olivier Thévenon. "Family Policies and Family Outcomes in OECD Countries." In The Palgrave Handbook of Family Policy, 193–217. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54618-2_9.
Анотація:
AbstractFamilies in OECD member countries have changed dramatically in recent decades. Across almost all OECD countries, couples are marrying and starting a family later than ever before. Fertility rates are low. Divorce and re-partnering have become much more common, giving rise to a diversity of new family forms. The (male) single-earner family model, previously dominant, is now largely a thing of the past. This chapter examines how families and family policies have changed in OECD countries in recent decades. It starts with an overview of changes in families, in partnering behaviours, in family living arrangements, and in family work arrangements. The chapter then turns to the evolution of family policy and the policy response to changing families, such as increases in public Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) support and the provision of fathers-only paid parental leave. It concludes by highlighting important key challenges ahead, including how policy must adapt to growing inequalities between families.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Behaviour change outcomes":
1
Chida, Aakifa. "Countering Islamophobia to create a global positive change." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.117.
Анотація:
Ignorance and misinformation are often common causes of hatred and discrimination, and change is required to break the cycle so that it may positively influence attitudes and behaviour. Islamophobia is a global trend of hatred towards Islam and Muslims, manifested in social, political and cultural contexts. As a catalyst for positive societal change, communication design can counteract Islamophobia by focusing on creating awareness, educating, and debunking stereotypes by graphically presenting information which invokes empathy and consciousness within the viewer. The methodology of design activism is employed in this research, in which design is used to create a connection between the viewer and a greater cause through graphic language. This practice-oriented research will use the methods of literature analysis, visual representations of concepts and theories, and iterations of design experimentation to create a cohesive awareness campaign all situated in design activism. The aim is to address the thinking, behaviour, actions and consequences behind Islamophobia, in an effort to take a step towards positive global change. Through focusing on changing mindsets, consequential actions have a chance to be altered, creating an opportunity for positive change. Islamophobia is not limited to a certain time or place, therefore the communication design deliverables resulting from this research aim to reach current and future change makers through several platforms. Through digital – a social media campaign, content can reach an extensive range of users and the shareability factor is prominent. And through print – publicly displayed poster design content can be presented to a non-selective public, without the obstruction of tailored algorithms. The content of this campaign will include facts, statistics, stories, and rhetorical questions delivered through typography, information design and layout which aids how effectively the message is communicated. Design is everywhere, connecting with people belonging to several walks of life, therefore outcomes which exist in a range of formats ensures outreach of a wider target audience which is crucial to raising awareness. The use of visual language plays a key role in this research, as a tool of invoking empathy within the viewer and sparking change in a quick and effective manner. This project will also show how change does not have to be monumental or wide-scaled to be important, rather any small difference made within a person, or within their circle, is just as significant. While I recognise that Islamophobia cannot be eradicated overnight, using design to spark awareness and empathy is a small yet significant step in the right direction.
2
Li, Xiaotong, and Ao Jiang. "The impact of prevalent behavioural mimicry in adolescents on disease prevention and maintenance of healthy behavioural activation." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003476.
Анотація:
With the popularity and spread of social media, more and more social software is helping to bring people closer to each other [1]. It is increasingly easy for adolescents to get other people's updates from social media, including celebrities, internet celebrities and peers [2]. Also adolescence is a time when the brain undergoes many structural and functional changes, so it is likely that the part of the social brain responsible for regulating imitation is still maturing throughout adolescence, which may lead to more pronounced imitative behaviour [3]. In addition, adolescents gain popularity, status and attractiveness through imitation of their idols or among their peers [4]. Therefore, making good use of the prevalent behaviours that social media has created in society has the potential to provide better behavioural interventions for the adolescent population [5], helping to shape better behavioural habits in adolescents, improving the current trend of younger disease and potentially reducing the likelihood of preventable health problems.The aim of this study was to analyse how popular behavioural mimicry among adolescents can be used to promote the activation of their health behaviours. We asked two questions: 1. the extent to which imitation behaviours activate adolescents' health behaviours; 2. measuring the impact of knowledge, skills and beliefs involved in the activation of behavioural imitation on adolescents' health maintenance and disease prevention.A questionnaire was used to enumerate the population groups that have the greatest influence on adolescents as the test sample in this study. 100 participants took part in the questionnaire, including 50 participants from mainland China and 50 participants from Hong Kong, whose mean age was 16 ± 3 years. After administering the questionnaire, 50 of these participants, who were randomly and equally divided into 10 groups of 5 participants each, were surveyed using the Activation Inventory (PAM) to measure the current level of knowledge, skills and beliefs involved in the activation of the adolescent population to maintain health and prevent disease, and then measured again using the PAM 30 and 60 days after the adolescents were exposed to the imitated subjects.The adolescent group itself was not highly aware of healthy behaviours and the effectiveness of positive health behaviour imitation in changing health behaviours and outcomes was somewhat proven when they were exposed to positive health behaviours of imitators for 30 days. However, 60 days after participants were exposed to imitations of healthy behaviours, although the imitations were still effective in maintaining healthy behaviours, the 60-day activation of healthy behaviours produced some decline compared to the first 30 days of outcomes. Therefore, in the future, more research should be conducted on the preferences and needs of adolescent groups to identify the social factors and groups that best trigger imitation among adolescents, and to promote positive health behaviours among adolescents by developing mobile applications that are more in line with adolescents' expectations to trigger trends, create widespread social discussion and be present in their daily conversations.References1.Moira Burke and Robert E. Kraut. 2014. Growing closer on facebook: changes in tie strength through social network site use. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 4187–4196. https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.25570942.C. Longobardi, M. Settanni, M.A. Fabris, D. Marengo, Follow or be followed: Exploring the links between Instagram popularity, social media addiction, cyber victimization, and subjective happiness in Italian adolescents, Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 113, 2020, 104955,ISSN 0190-7409, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104955.3.Cook, J., Bird, G. Social attitudes differentially modulate imitation in adolescents and adults. Exp Brain Res 211, 601–612 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-011-2584-4.4.Raviv, A., Bar-Tal, D., Raviv, A. et al. Adolescent idolization of pop singers: Causes, expressions, and reliance. J Youth Adolescence 25, 631–650 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01537358.5.Korda H, Itani Z. Harnessing Social Media for Health Promotion and Behavior Change. Health Promotion Practice. 2013;14(1):15-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839911405850.
3
Mitra, Toorban, and Krushna Mohan Pattanaik. "LINKING LEADERSHIP INTEGRITY - DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND STRESS (DAS) AMONG SAILING INDIAN MARINE ENGINEERS DURING COVID-19." In Maritime Transport Conference. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Iniciativa Digital Politècnica, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/mt.12832.
Анотація:
Modern-day leadership demands competencies to embrace challenges and uncertainties as a part of a working career. Uncertainties bring in many unknown outcomes and a loss of direction to any team. This is much acknowledged when the unknown outcomes are affecting the team spirit and, in turn, organisational sustainability. Leadership integrity is a watershed to handle such uncertainties with positive outcomes. Like in any other business domain, uncertainties are part of the business in shipping. However, there are specific instances in the nature of COVID-19 that came with many challenges, like extended work contracts, no shore leaves, infrequent crew change, quarantine rules before sign-in, online surveys, etc. Such an uncertain and challenging work environment on board a ship (which itself is an organisation) results in anxiety, stress and depression. In this context, leadership integrity provides much-needed direction and can create a healthy work environment in any organisation. It is in this context that this paper tries to measure this hypothesis in an explorative study, particularly among active marine engineers who worked on board ships during the COVID-19 pandemic. Such knowledge facilitates the understanding of organisational behaviour during challenging times and provides a timely prescription for organisational success during uncertainties and challenging times with much significant focus on the integrity of leaders.
4
Amour, F., S. B. Hosseinzadehsadati, M. R. Hajiabadi, and H. M. Nick. "Shear and Vertical Deformation Behaviour at the Field Scale During CO2 Storage in a Depleted Chalk Reservoir (Danish North Sea)." In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0673.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT CO2 storage represents one of the recommended remediation methods to reduce the emission of anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere. As part of the Bifrost project that aims at developing CO2 storage activities in Denmark, a series of coupled hydro-mechanical-chemical simulations is carried out in the Harald East chalk field to assess the flow and mechanical response of the storage site, assuming both continuous and intermittent injection. A total of two continuous injection scenarios during 16 years (scenario 1) and 32 years (scenario 2) and scenario 3 which assumes intermittent injection are considered. The injection rate in scenario 2 and 3 is half of that of scenario 1, and the duration of the injection in scenario 3 is increased compared to scenario 1. The rate and duration of injection are adjusted to ensure a similar volume of stored gas in each simulation run. The outcomes show that fast injection prevents significant compaction in the reservoir. Besides, the calculated shear deformation in the overburden is utilised to study wellbore stability during storage. The results indicate that the accurate characterisation of the porosity distribution in the reservoir as well as the potential mechanical weakening of chalk by CO2 are essential for reliable wellbore integrity analyses. Further studies will be conducted to assess wellbore stability in the Harald East area during CO2 storage activities. INTRODUCTION The capture and underground storage of anthropogenic CO2 (CCS) represent a valid technology that helps tackling climate change by reducing the amount of greenhouse gas emitted by our societies (Al Amer, 2022; ICPP, 2005). Using pre-existing infrastructures present in depleted hydrocarbon fields drastically reduces the cost associated with CCS activities compared to other sites e.g., onshore and offshore aquifers (Schmelz et al., 2020). Besides, the proven efficiency of the cap rock that contained hydrocarbon for millions of years and the current low formation pressure below hydrostatic conditions are limiting risks of leakage. Located offshore, CO2 can be either shipped to the storage site, such as planned for the Greensand project or transported by pipeline as planned for the Northern Lights project. Taking into account that the floating units used to temporary store CO2 transported by boats prior to injection have limited storage capacities, shipping gas can compel the stakeholders to carry out intermittent CO2 injection in case of bad weather conditions, workovers, and potential shortages in CO2 supplied by the industry.
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Felea, Cristina, and Liana Stanca. "STUDENTS' PERCEPTION AND EXPECTATIONS OF EDUCATIONAL USES OF WIKIS AND FACEBOOK FOR LEARNING ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES - A PILOT STUDY." In eLSE 2015. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-15-245.
Анотація:
The presence of social software and social media in higher education is subject to research and change of educational practice. The increasing use of Web 2.0 technology is well documented in the international literature, especially in relation to more interactive learning, shift to student-centered pedagogies and change of teachers' roles, and student engagement with the learning process. Recently, there seems to be a significant number of studies in which emphasis is moved from teaching to learning with technology, namely on students' expectations from technology use in their courses. In Romania, in spite of their acceptance in higher education teaching/learning process being still in the stage of early adoption, research in this area shows increasing preoccupation with studying their implementation and impact on teacher and student practice. For the past five years, the authors have built and implemented a wiki-based blended learning programme for teaching English for Academic Purposes for undergraduate students at Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj, Romania. They have studied its impact in relation to the factors that influence the use of social software/social media for learning, with language and IT proficiency levels as predictors of active use. Next, learning behaviour patterns were targeted to document transition from traditional to a web-based learning paradigm. Findings showed that student and teacher roles changed during the process, with the former developing independent and collaborative skills and the latter offering support and guidance as a facilitator. However, the quantitative analysis performed on several cohorts indicated an uneven online presence and a relative reluctance to use the respective course-embedded technology. These results, together with class observations and interaction with students, as well as a growing attention paid to the influence of Facebook on students' behaviour, prompted the authors to investigate into similarities and differences between the current learning environment and Facebook in terms of potential for improving motivation, engagement, and learning outcomes. The purpose of the present study is to build, pilot and validate (by using the validity-reliability method) a questionnaire aimed at exploring motivation, frequency and ease-of-use, and type of activities performed on two particular social media, namely a wiki and Facebook. Students' perception of the usefulness of extending the learning environment to Facebook will be also investigated. Brief interviews will complete the quantitative data and study data obtained with social network analysis. The findings are expected to highlight benefits and challenges of using social media for learning and point out ways to improve pedagogical design to allow for an enhanced student engagement and for the design of a future experiment for the in-depth study of student success.
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Baratta, Mirko, Andrea E. Catania, and Francesco C. Pesce. "Computational and Experimental Analysis of Direct CNG Injection and Mixture Formation in a Spark Ignition Research Engine." In ASME 2010 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2010-35103.
Анотація:
Direct injection (DI) of compressed natural gas (CNG) under high pressure conditions is a topic of great interest, owing to its potential for improving SI engine performance and fuel consumption. However, relevant technical difficulties have yet to be resolved in order to stabilize combustion process, especially for stratified engine operating conditions. The present paper is focused on experimental and numerical investigations of the jet formation and fuel-air mixing process in a research optical-access single-cylinder engine. The engine is based on the multi-cylinder engine under development within the European Community (EC) VII Framework Program (FP) InGAS Integrated Project, and features a centrally mounted poppet-valve injector on a pent-roof combustion chamber with a bowl in piston. Experimental investigations were made by means of the planar laser-induced fluorescence technique, and revealed a cycle-to-cycle jet shape variability. In particular, for specific cylinder pressure values at the start of injection, the jet can adhere to chamber walls for a relevant number of cycles, leading to an ‘umbrella-like’ shape. This can change the mixing capabilities of the combustion chamber and cause instabilities in the combustion process. The mentioned behaviour is strongly dependent not only on the injection and cylinder pressures, but also on important design parameters, such as needle cone angle and in-chamber injector protrusion. For this reason, in order to obtain a deep insight into the injected gas behaviour on an average cycle basis, the experimental investigation was supported by a numerical analysis. Simulations were carried out by an optimized variable-density finite-volume numerical model which was built within the Star-CD environment. A previously developed and validated ‘virtual injector’ model was implemented. The outcomes of the numerical model were compared to laser-induced fluorescence images, for both stratified- and homogeneous-charge engine operating conditions and a good agreement was obtained, substantiating the reliability of the applied computational model. Then, the effects of the injector protrusion in the combustion chamber and of injection timing were analyzed, and their impact on jet stability and mixture-formation process was analyzed.
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Van den Beemt, Antoine, Gerard Van de Watering, and Michael Bots. "Organising evidence-informed innovation: the development of a research agenda." In SEFI 50th Annual conference of The European Society for Engineering Education. Barcelona: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788412322262.1396.
Анотація:
Educational innovation often builds on existing practices, and focuses on improvement, rather than a radical change. One current example of educational innovation is Challenge-Based Learning (CBL). At university [blinded] the approach is a curriculum wide implementation of CBL based on a integrated programme that combines implementation of bottom-up innovation projects with research. The result of this research contributes to the translation of CBL to practice, thus helping curriculum designers and teachers in designing and executing their courses. In the process evidence is collected about principles of CBL, learning behaviour, learning outcomes, and didactical aspects of CBL, such as coaching and self-directed learning, assessment, pedagogies, and design of challenges, and facilitating structures. The goal of this paper is to explore the development of a research agenda, which aligns research and practice, and to contribute to evidence for successful CBL implementation as result. The CBL research agenda shows which topics and aspects of CBL are addressed by research and practice, and which are overlooked. It is a systematic way of collecting strategic and practical problems related to CBL implementation, and how these are translated into research questions, methods, and results. The CBL research agenda leads to dialogue, which in turn guides our CBL programme. This integrated programme, including the research agenda is governed by a Taskforce CBL and supported by programme management, and a university wide research community. This approach enables the curriculum wide implementation and research of CBL as a concept for educating engineers of the future and strengthening on-campus education.
8
Rotmann, Sea, and Beth Karlin. "Training commercial energy users in behavior change: A case study." In ACEEE Summer Study for Energy Efficiency in Buildings. ACEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47568/3cp104.
Анотація:
Within the commercial sector, energy managers and building operators have a large impact over their organizations’ energy use. However, they mostly focus on technology solutions and retrofits, rather than human or corporate behaviors, and how to change them. This gap in targeted commercial sector research and behavioral interventions provides a great opportunity which is currently not being addressed. This paper presents a field research pilot where an empirical behavior change research process was applied and taught to commercial energy users in Ontario, Canada. This course served to fill an identified market gap and to improve commercial energy managers’ literacy in behavioral science theory and techniques. A needs assessment identified a clear gap in behavioral training for energy managers, and high interest in the course further proved out the market opportunity for professional training on how to design, implement and evaluate behavior change interventions. Evaluation results identified positive feedback in terms of course reaction, self-reported learning and behavioral outcomes, and tangible results when course participants returned to work to apply their learnings. Evaluation results suggest that such training fills a vital gap in the current Strategic Energy Management (SEM) landscape, and could unlock significant savings in the commercial energy sector.
9
Ali, Lamees A. M., Salma Khaled, and Manar Abdel-Rahman. "The association between Health Information Seeking and Behavior Change Related to Physical Activity among Qatari Adolescents." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0158.
Анотація:
Objectives: This study is aimed at exploring health information seeking behavior among Qatari adolescents and assessing the influence of information obtained from different sources on PA behavior change. In addition, the study aims to identify possible correlates of PA behavior change among Qatari teens. Methods: This is a study involving the secondary analysis of data from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey conducted in 2017 among 1050 Qatari students aged 13-19 years. Self-reported information on demographics, psychosocial factors, PA, and sources used to obtain health information were collected. Main outcome was the attempt to change PA behavior. Logistic regression analysis accounting for survey design information was carried out to examine the association between the outcome and information sources used to attempt PA change, and to find independent predictors for this attempt. The estimated average marginal effects (AME), also known as risk differences, were derived from the results of logistic regression model, to have a sense of the absolute effect size reflecting the difference in the probability of the outcome associated with a change in the explanatory variable, adjusting for all the other covariates. Results: Teenagers in Qatar, especially girls, were not active enough. Nearly 68% of the respondents tried to change PA behavior (65% male versus 72% female), and 46% were physically active (55% males versus 38% females). About 89% of adolescents rated PA as an important topic for them personally. Based on information from interpersonal, traditional, online, and social media sources about 65%, 55%, 51%, and 54% of adolescents respectively attempted to change their PA behavior. Results from multivariable logistic regression showed that teens who used information from interpersonal and online sources to try to change their behavior had 9 times (OR=9.35, 95% CI: 4.15-21.08, P<0.001) and nearly 3 times (OR=2.53, 95% CI: 1.50-4.27, P=0.001) higher odds of change in PA, respectively. The odds of attempt to change PA were 2 times higher among older adolescents (16-19 years) (OR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.37-3.44, P= 0.002) and among teens who considered PA as important to them (OR=2.34, 95% CI: 1.13-4.84, P=0.023(. The estimated AMEs of using information from interpersonal sources and online sources on the probability of attempting PA change were about 46-percentage point and 16-percentage point increase respectively. For older adolescents and those considering PA important, the AMEs on the attempt to change PA were 11 and 14- percentage points respectively. All were sizable and significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion: Physical activity level is still suboptimal among Qatari adolescents with obvious persistent gender gap. The results showed that interpersonal and online sources are important in fostering behavior change among Qatari adolescents, in addition to the influence of age and personal value of PA on initiating such changes. Policymakers can benefit from this research in designing appropriate pa interventions that adapt multiple delivery approach. It is recommended that future pa-related behavior change interventions in Qatar are age- and gender- sensitive and stress the importance and relevance of pa to teen’s health.
10
Martins, Ana, Isabel L. Nunes, Luís Velez Lapão, and Ana Londral. "Conversational Agent Automation for patients after cardiothoracic surgery based on clinical team experience and behavior change theory." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003597.
Анотація:
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death and decreased quality of life. Cardiothoracic surgery provides the chance to live longer with cardiovascular disease. Proper use of clinical protocols, regular clinical evaluation, medication review, improved modifiable risk factors, psychological support, and supervised physical exercise can enhance the longer-term effects of surgery. Additionally, a healthy lifestyle can improve modifiable risk factors and enhance longevity. Despite the great effort of the clinical teams to encourage patients towards healthy habits after surgery, one year after surgery some patients need to be readmitted to the hospital due to avoidable complications. This paper presents a digital conversational agent designed to reinforce the advice about protective behaviors provided by the clinical team, contributing to improving and sustaining health outcomes during the first year after surgery.A Design Science Research Methodology was used to integrate the clinical teams' experience and knowledge, and the patients' knowledge into the final artifact. A needs assessment was conducted to identify improvement opportunities in the cardiothoracic surgery service. A systematic literature review was used to characterize the dimensions of the solutions adopted in previous research, and an interdisciplinary team was assembled to address them comprehensively. Two semi-structured interviews were conducted with the relevant stakeholders (clinical team and patients). Additionally, a survey of theories that explain patient behavior change was done to support the personalization of content delivery. Afterward, a platform to provide the intervention was developed in accordance with stakeholders' requirements.Literature review and semi-structured interviews showed that physical activity and a healthy diet influence modifiable risk factors. Thus, these were the behaviors selected as targets of the intervention digital conversational agent, which is being designed based on the behavior change wheel framework.This work intends to incorporate a Behavior Change Theory into the algorithm definition to improve the comprehension of the intervention's effects and the patient's profile over time. The iterative research approach was chosen to continuously improve the artifact's robustness, sustainability, adoption, and usability by having all the stakeholders at the center of the design process.
Звіти організацій з теми "Behaviour change outcomes":
1
Koomar, Saalim. What is 'Nudging' and How Does it Change Behaviour in Education? EdTech Hub, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53832/edtechhub.1011.
Анотація:
This Learning Brief is part of the EdTech Hub Learning Brief Series, providing practical resources for people working to improve the use of technology in education. In this brief, we look at the behaviour change strategy of leveraging concise messages at strategic decision points (i.e., ‘nudging’) to influence the behaviour of a recipient towards a desired outcome. We focus on EdTech Hub’s work concerning nudge messaging. It builds on work from messaging interventions in Ghana and Kenya, linking these to the broader literature on the topic. It emphasises that although there is a strong and growing evidence base for nudge technologies, effective implementation remains dependent upon context-specific adaptation. It is not inevitable that nudge messaging interventions will lead to positive outcomes — indeed, outcomes are often mixed. It is therefore vital to understand the specific impacts of interventions on particular groups of recipients. We present findings and recommendations that should inform how nudging technologies in education are approached and what decision-makers need to consider in order to ensure uptake and minimise risks. Lastly, we explore areas that require further research, namely, the changing nature of nudging due to artificial intelligence, the safeguarding risks of nudging, persisting questions about cost-effectiveness, and how nudging can more specifically target learning. Keywords: Behavioural psychology; EdTech; education; messaging; nudging; participation An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org/
2
Wallace, ina F., Meera Viswanathan, Stephanie McInnis, and Jessica Sobolewski. How Effective Are Interactive Social Media Interventions for Changing Health and Health Behaviors? A Cochrane Review Summary with Commentary. RTI Press, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2023.rb.0034.2309.
Анотація:
This brief summarizes the published Cochrane Review, “Behavioural Interventions Delivered Through Interactive Social Media for Health Behaviour Change, Health Outcomes, and Health Equity in the Adult Population,” by J. Petkovic, S. Duench, J. Trawin, O. Dewidar, J. Pardo Pardo, R. Simeon, M. DesMeules, D. Gagnon, J. Hatcher Roberts, A. Hossain, K. Pottie, T. Rader, P. Tugwell, M. Yoganathan, J. Presseau, & V. Welch (https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012932.pub2). The Cochrane Review examines whether interactive social media interventions improve health behaviors and health outcomes, concluding that such interventions may benefit physical activity, weight loss, and well-being, but the evidence is not strong due to extensive heterogeneity and small effects. The review defines interactive social media as “activities, practices, or behaviours among communities of people who have gathered online to interactively to share information, knowledge, and opinions… in which adults are able to communicate directly with each other” (p. 1). The review and original commentary acknowledge the limitations, suggesting that future social media intervention trials use a common set of outcome measures, examine the role of mediating variables, and measure adherence. The original commentary describes other social media research that has shown an impact.
3
Cavatorta, Elisa, and Orazio Attanasio. Innovations in measurement and the evaluation of human behaviour. Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cmb9.
Анотація:
If policymakers or researchers aim to improve an intervention, scale it up, or assess why it works and for whom, then focussing solely on direct outcomes is not enough. There are several ways in which evaluations can go beyond traditional outcome measurement and explore the underlying drivers of impact and the behaviours of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. - Measurement goes hand in hand with developing a theory of change, and the two work best when they evolve jointly: new (and better) measurements could allow the consideration of more flexible and realistic theories, while theory informs the construction and design of new measures. - Linking measurement to human behaviour and decision-making processes offers useful angles for identifying the underlying drivers of an intervention’s impacts. - Measurement innovation and improvements—including the construction of new measures—are an important endeavour requiring cross-disciplinary input. This endeavour should be promoted.
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Roelen, Keetie, and Karol Rodriguez. Comprehensive Social Protection Programming: What is the Potential for Improving Sanitation Outcomes? Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.001.
Анотація:
Millions of people around the world do not have access to adequate sanitation facilities, undermining progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 6.2 that calls for adequate and equitable sanitation for all. Efforts to improve sanitation outcomes have been rapidly accelerated in the past decade alongside an expansion of different financial incentives or subsidies to promote access to services and motivate sanitation behaviour. In parallel, social protection has become part and parcel of development policy, with many low- and middle-income countries now offering some form of cash transfers to those most vulnerable. Comprehensive interventions that couple financial transfers with complementary support such as behaviour change communication, training, or coaching have also grown increasingly popular. Despite similarities between water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) subsidy schemes and social protection interventions, these policy areas have largely developed in silos and limited cross-sectoral learning has taken place. This paper begins to fill this knowledge gap by assessing the potential for comprehensive social protection in addressing sanitation outcomes and drawing out policy implications for the social protection and WASH communities. It does so by focusing on a social protection programme in the context of extreme poverty in rural Haiti.
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Gillison, Fiona, Gemma Lannon, Bas Verplanken, Julie Barnett, and Elisabeth Grey. A rapid review of the evidence on the factors underpinning the consumption of meat and dairy among the general public. Food Standards Agency, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.bmk523.
Анотація:
Willingness to reduce meat and dairy consumption across the population is relatively low (12.8%-25.5%), albeit increasing. While women and higher socio-economic groups tend to show greater awareness of an environmental rationale and subsequent willingness for change, this difference does not emerge strongly in studies reporting behavioural outcomes. A broad set of search terms was used to identify literature in this area, but focused on: Evidence of the potential for behaviour change in response to sustainability, environmental and climate change agendas. The reduction of meat or dairy consumption, rather than stopping altogether. Motives and barriers to reduction rather than stopping could differ considerably. Research was also specifically searched to explore the impact of socio-demographic characteristics on willingness to reduce meat and dairy consumption. This study was used to inform the primary research on Psychologies of Food Choice: Public views and experiences around meat and dairy consumption.
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Ton, Giel, Keetie Roelen, Neil Howard, and Lopita Huq. Social Protection Intervention: Evaluation Research Design. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2022.004.
Анотація:
This paper describes the research design for investigating and evaluating the Child Labour: Action-Research-Innovation in South and South-Eastern Asia (CLARISSA) social protection cash-plus intervention in a slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh. After an introductory section, the second section elaborates on contribution analysis – the methodological approach underpinning the research design. The third section provides an overview of the intervention, and the fourth explores the overall design of the evaluation, its guiding framework, and the timeline of the intervention rollout and data collection. The fifth and sixth sections address the project’s suite of quantitative and qualitative methods, and the approach to data analysis. Using four panel surveys, bi-monthly monitoring, in-depth interviews, group discussions and direct observations, the research will zoom in on specific behaviours. First, at the individual level, we want to learn how people adopt alternative livelihoods in response to the intervention. Second, at the household level, we consider how community mobilisation and cash transfers help households to resolve intra‑household problems. Third, at the group level, we consider how groups manage collective action in response to community mobilisation. For each of these behaviour change outcomes, we want to understand the realist evaluation question, ‘Why does the intervention work, for whom, and under what conditions?’ We also want to assess whether these new behaviours change the propensity for children to be involved in the worst forms of child labour.
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Khan, Mahreen. Lessons from Adaptive Programming. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.142.
Анотація:
The aim of adaptive programming (AP) is to produce adaptive, flexible, iterative, responsive, problem-driven, politically smart, locally led programmes which are effective and efficient and meet donor requirements for accountability. This is a rapid desk review of recent literature on AP including academic and grey sources. Section 2 covers the main challenges and barriers to successful implementation of AP. Key success factors are covered in Section 3. Selecting the appropriate monitoring and evaluation tools such as outcome harvesting or adapted versions of Value for Money to assist in measuring outcomes and embedding learning is key to successful AP, particularly in governance programmes, where results are usually long-term, non-linear and causality can be difficult to specifically trace back to the donor-funded intervention. Section 4 details three case studies from the governance arena as this report was requested to assist in designing adaptive governance programmes. Thus, the State Accountability and Voice Initiative (SAVI) from Nigeria, Chakua Hatua from Tanzania, and Within and Without the State (WWS) from conflict regions are included to show how flexible indicators, donor communication and negotiation, empowering teams and adopting monitoring and evaluation tools assisted in successful AP outcomes in different locations and political contexts. The challenges faced and drawbacks of certain processes were fed into efficient feedback loops fostering cross-communication, adaptation, and modification to ensure procedures and policies were changed accordingly. Sources used are primarily from the previous 5 years, as per K4D norms, unless the work is seminal, such as the ODI Report (2016) Doing Development Differently, which encouraged over 60 countries to sign up for the AP methodology. This review found a substantive body of literature on AP methodology the relative recency of academic attention on AP in the development less evidence is available on case studies of AP in the development sector, as there are not many ongoing projects and even fewer have been completed and results assessed (ICF, 2019). There is also a lack of case studies on how dynamic, empowered, innovative teams successfully apply adaptive programming ideas, particularly providing behavioural insights about such teams (Cooke, 2017) as well as little attention to precipitating and sustaining behaviour change in institutions over the longer term (Power, 2017).
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Sterling, Rogena, Michelle Blake, Nick Jones, Richard Hartshorn, and Tahu Kukutai. The Research Data Landscape in Aotearoa New Zealand: A report undertaken in partnership with the Aotearoa New Zealand Committee on Data in Research (CoDiR). The University of Waikato, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15663/uow.rdla.dec2023.
Анотація:
Data and datasets are often described as a core strategic asset for Aotearoa New Zealand (Aotearoa) and indispensable for the government’s ambition of being a small nation with an advanced, adaptive, and inclusive economy. In the context of our research, science and innovation (RSI) ecosystem, the value of data cannot be overstated. The purpose of this report is to provide a review (the Review) of Aotearoa’s research data landscape. Research data are data that are used as primary sources to support technical or scientific enquiry, research, or artistic activity; as evidence in the research process; and/or are commonly accepted in the research community as necessary to provide a foundation for, or validate research findings and results. The Review covers four core areas: • Te Tiriti o Waitangi and data sovereignty • research data ecosystems • research data infrastructure • research data cultures. Although informed by international data landscape reviews, this Review emphasises the unique considerations and structural features of the Aotearoa data landscape. Based on our analysis and observations from a series of targeted workshops, we provide a set of recommendations on how to strengthen the system and advance shared aspirations for better outcomes. The recommendations are organised under the five headings from Nosek’s Pyramid of Social Change, setting out a phased strategy for culture and behaviour change. In implementing these recommendations, we recognise that the articles of Te Tiriti should be embedded throughout, consistent with sector requirements (MBIE, 2023d).
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Dougherty, Leanne, Lynn Abu Turk, Nrupa Jani, and Chaibou Dadi. Evaluation of RISE II integrated social and behavior change activities in Niger: Baseline report. Population Council, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2022.1026.
Анотація:
Breakthrough RESEARCH is conducting a mixed-methods study that includes quantitative methods to assess differential changes over time in key health outcomes associated with Resilience in the Sahel Enhanced (RISE) II's integrated social and behavioral change (SBC) strategy and qualitative methods to explain how and why gender-related changes occurred or were associated with these changes. This technical report presents descriptive baseline findings for the quantitative portion of the evaluation. This information will support RISE II's Resilience Food Security Activity partners to understand how to tailor planned SBC approaches to address barriers to adopting targeted health behaviors.
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Araujo, María Caridad, Yyannu Cruz-Aguayo, Pedro Carneiro, and Norbert Schady. Teacher Quality and Learning Outcomes in Kindergarten. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011718.
Анотація:
We assigned two cohorts of kindergarten students, totaling more than 24,000 children, to teachers within schools with a rule that is as-good-as-random. We collected data on children at the beginning of the school year, and applied 12 tests of math, language and executive function (EF) at the end of the year. All teachers were filmed teaching for a full day, and the videos were coded using a well-known classroom observation tool, the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (or CLASS). We find substantial classroom effects: A one-standard deviation increase in classroom quality results in 0.11, 0.11, and 0.07 standard deviation higher test scores in language, math, and EF, respectively. Teacher behaviors, as measured by the CLASS, are associated with higher test scores. Parents recognize better teachers, but do not change their behaviors appreciably to take account of differences in teacher quality .