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Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Behavior of silty sand"

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Monkul, Mehmet Murat, and Jerry A. Yamamuro. "Influence of silt size and content on liquefaction behavior of sands." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 48, no. 6 (June 2011): 931–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t11-001.

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This study investigates the fines content influence on liquefaction potential of a single base sand mixed with three different essentially nonplastic silts through strain-controlled monotonic undrained triaxial compression tests. Confining stress (30 kPa) and deposition method (dry funnel deposition) were kept the same, while fines content was varied, to solely focus on how different silts and their contents influence the undrained response of the sand under comparable conditions. It was found that if the mean grain diameter ratio (D50-sand/d50-silt) of the sand grains to silt grains is sufficiently small, the liquefaction potential of the sand increases steadily with increasing fines content for the studied range (0%–20%). As D50-sand/d50-silt increases, the liquefaction potential of the silty sand might actually be less than the liquefaction potential of the clean sand. Test results also revealed that commonly used comparison bases (i.e., void ratio, intergranular void ratio, relative density) are not sufficient for assessing the influence of fines on liquefaction potential of silty sands. Finally, relative size of the silt grains should also be considered in geotechnical engineering practice in addition to content and plasticity of fines to characterize the influence of silt on liquefaction potential of sands.
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2

Huang, An-Bin, Huai-Houh Hsu, and Jia-Wei Chang. "The behavior of a compressible silty fine sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 36, no. 1 (August 8, 1999): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t98-090.

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Publications associated with sands are often limited to clean (i.e., little fines content), uniform, uncemented silica or quartz sand. On the other hand, the importance of mineral content, particle shapes, as well as gradation to the behavior of sand has long been recognized. Although systematic studies of sands other than clean quartz sand have been limited, there is increasing attention being paid to sands with an appreciable fines content. Because of a major construction project, extensive field and laboratory experiments were performed on a silty fine sand from Mai-Liao, which is located on the central west coast of Taiwan. Results show that Mai-Liao Sand (MLS), a silty sand, can be significantly more compressible than clean quartz sand under static load. The particles of MLS have moderate strength, and significant crushing can be induced by triaxial shearing. As a result, MLS has low dilatancy and a relatively small range of peak friction angles. Cone penetration tests in MLS were conducted in a calibration chamber. Analyses of the data indicate that interpreting cone tip resistance in MLS using methods developed based on clean quartz sand without considering the differences of compressibility can be unrealistic. This paper documents results of the experimental studies on MLS.Key words: silty fine sand, strength, dilatancy, compressibility, crushing, in situ test.
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Erten, D., and M. H. Maher. "Cyclic undrained behavior of silty sand." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 14, no. 2 (January 1995): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0267-7261(94)00035-f.

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4

Dahl, Karina R., Jason T. DeJong, Ross W. Boulanger, Robert Pyke, and Douglas Wahl. "Characterization of an alluvial silt and clay deposit for monotonic, cyclic, and post-cyclic behavior." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 51, no. 4 (April 2014): 432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2013-0057.

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This paper presents a detailed characterization of the monotonic, cyclic, and post-cyclic behavior of two strata within a recent Holocene alluvial deposit of silty sand, sandy silt, silt, and clay. Stratum A is composed predominantly of very soft clay and very loose silt with plasticity indices ranging from 5 to 27, whereas stratum B is composed predominantly of very loose silty sand and sandy silt with plasticity indices ranging from 0 to 10. Characterization included in situ testing, undisturbed soil sampling and laboratory testing, and a field surcharge test section. Consolidation tests and monotonic, cyclic, and post-cyclic direct simple shear tests were used to evaluate the effects of varying the consolidation stress, consolidation stress history, and initial static shear stress ratio. The field and laboratory test data show distinct differences in behavior between the two soil strata, which can be related to their different index test characteristics. These results are compared with their respective behaviors predicted using common engineering correlations. The field and laboratory test data summarized herein contribute to the database and understanding of the monotonic, cyclic, and post-cyclic behaviors of low-plasticity fine-grained soils.
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Arif, Syed Mohd. "Influence of Coal Ash on Strength Behavior of Silty Sand." Journal of Advanced Research In Civil and Environmental Engineering 04, no. 04 (December 29, 2017): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2393.8307.201703.

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Zhang, Shi Min, and Gang Wei. "A Destructive Field Study on the Behavior of Pile under Ten." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 4524–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.4524.

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This paper involves a destructive full-scale load test on long bored pile instrumented with strain gauges along the shaft. The load-displacement response, the distribution of axial force, and the thresholds of displacement for fully mobilizing the skin resistances in different soils in tension case were discussed in this paper. The field test results show that the measured tip resistance in the pile under tension is near zero during the whole loading, and the softening is accompanied with a reduction in skin friction when the skin friction is fully developed. It also can be investigated that the threshold of displacement for fully mobilizing skin friction is different even if in the same soil type due to different soil stress states. Generally speaking, the thresholds of relative pile-soil displacement for fully mobilizing skin frictions in the sandy silt, silty sand mixed silt, silty clay, silty clay mixed sand and gravel are about 4 mm, 11 mm, 7 mm, 6 mm, and 5.5 mm, respectively.
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Dong, Qian, Liu Liu, and Long Hou. "Influence of Matric Suction on Shear Strength Behavior of Unsaturated Silty Sand." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 1627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.1627.

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Анотація:
In order to research matrix suction how to influence the shear strengt of unsaturated silty sand. Based on the analysis of the Soil-water characteristic of unsaturated silty sand through pressure plate instrument test,the suction control direct shear tests under the different suction condition of unsaturated silty sand are studied. And then, the microscopic structure of two kinds soil sample with different water content are scanned to analyze the relationship between the matrix suction and the shear strengt of unsaturated silty sand. The results of the research show that unsaturated silty sand different from unsaturated clayey soil.When water content gradually reduce, the soil shear strength of unsaturated silty sand is not always increased with the increase of matrix suction, but there is a "peak effect".The appearance of "peak effect" is due to unsaturated silty sand has own microstructure characteristics.On the other hand, when the moisture content reduction constantly,the existence form of moisture change gradually.The two factors lead to the effect area of matrix suction change constantly,and then influence shear strengt of unsaturated silty sand to appear "peak effect". In addition,the stress environment also can influence contribution degree of matrix suction to the shear strengt of unsaturated silty sand.
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Lade, Poul V., and Jerry A. Yamamuro. "Evaluation of static liquefaction potential of silty sand slopes." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 48, no. 2 (February 2011): 247–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t10-063.

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The mechanism of instability in granular soils is explained and its requirement as a forerunner to the liquefaction of level or sloping ground is described. Case histories support the observation that it is silty sands that liquefy under static and a majority of earthquake-induced conditions. Recent experiments show that clean sands do not behave similarly to silty sands. Tests on loose, silty sand indicate a “reverse” behavior with respect to confining pressure and this violates the basic assumption that loose, silty sands behave similarly to loose, clean sands. Strong correlations between fines content, compressibility, and liquefaction potential are often found for these soils. A procedure for the analysis and evaluation of static liquefaction of slopes of fine sand and silt, such as submarine slopes, mine tailings, and spoil heaps, is presented. It involves determination of the region of instability in stress space in which potential liquefaction may be initiated and determination of the state of stress in the slope. A method of finding the state of stress is developed to predict the zone of potential liquefaction in simple slopes. Trigger mechanisms for initiation of instability followed by soil liquefaction are reviewed and mechanisms of soil strengthening are discussed.
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Wood, Fletcher M., Jerry A. Yamamuro, and Poul V. Lade. "Effect of depositional method on the undrained response of silty sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 45, no. 11 (November 2008): 1525–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t08-079.

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Анотація:
The results from a laboratory experimental study on silty sand are presented. Undrained triaxial compression tests were performed on Nevada sand containing nonplastic silt. All specimens underwent monotonic loading after isotropic consolidation to 25 kPa. Various depositional techniques were used to create specimens to compare their stress–strain behavior within three separate density ranges and three different silt contents. As density increased, the effect of the depositional method on the undrained behavior decreased. The influence of the depositional method on specimen behavior also was found to increase with silt content, particularly at lower densities. These findings therefore are of special interest with regard to laboratory testing for the purpose of characterizing liquefaction potential, where loose, silty sands may be encountered. A description and analysis of five different depositional techniques is provided. These methods include: dry funnel deposition, water sedimentation, slurry deposition, mixed dry deposition, and air pluviation. The results of the undrained testing are analyzed using void ratio after consolidation and silt content as the bases of comparison.
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Xu, Xiangtian, Yubing Wang, Ruiqiang Bai, Caixia Fan, and Shuguang Hua. "Comparative studies on mechanical behavior of frozen natural saline silty sand and frozen desalted silty sand." Cold Regions Science and Technology 132 (December 2016): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2016.09.015.

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Дисертації з теми "Behavior of silty sand"

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Shi, Liangyu. "Influence of artificial weak cementation on loose silty sand behavior /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202004%20SHI.

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Анотація:
Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-170). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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2

Tedeschini, Lucia. "On the experimental behaviour of a silty sand and its modelling through Generalized Plasticity." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.

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La tesi contiene uno studio sperimentale sul comportamento di una sabbia limosa del sottosuolo della laguna veneta e propone un'interpretazione dei risultati sperimentali ottenuti alla luce dei presupposti teorici di un approccio costitutivo avanzato noto come "Plasticità Generalizzata". Il programma sperimentale è consistito nella realizzazione di prove edometriche e prove triassiali su campioni di sabbia provenienti dal sito di Treporti, situato in prossimità della bocca di Lido. La risposta sperimentale, in termini di modulo volumetrico, è stata messa a confronto con i risultati di alcuni studi di letteratura, con particolare riferimento a quelli condotti da Jefferies & Been (2000). La disponibilità di prove di compressione edometrica realizzate nella cella K0 e la conseguente possibilità di valutare il coefficiente di spinta a riposo ha permesso di interpretare le prove in termini di tensione media efficace p' e di verificare l'applicabilità al caso in esame degli approcci di letteratura disponibili, spesso sviluppati a partire da prove di compressione isotropa effettuate in cella triassiale. Il comportamento tenso-deformativo osservato è stato successivamente simulato con un modello costitutivo per sabbie sviluppato nell'ambito della Plasticità Generalizzata. In particolare sono state utilizzate tre diverse formulazioni, che costituiscono un avanzamento dell'iniziale modello costitutivo proposto da Pastor, Zienkiewicz e Chan (1990), basate sull'uso di un parametro di stato del materiale definito rispetto alle condizioni di Stato Critico. Dal confronto tra previsioni del modello e risposta sperimentale è stato possibile individuare la formulazione che meglio simula il comportamento meccanico osservato sia in compressione edometrica sia in prove di taglio ed è stato proposto un set di parametri costitutivi ritenuti rappresentativi del terreno studiato.
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Bowman, April Joy. "Performance of silty sands and their use in flexible airfield pavement design." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/287462.

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Traditionally, flexible pavement design relies on past experience and semi-empirical methods developed through a combination of element testing and modelling. Element testing in this area especially, has centred on the performance of clean sands. This is in conflict with actual practice where a wide range of fines and soil gradations could be present in a real-world project. This research investigates the characteristics of natural sands and examines the influence of these marginal materials in pavement design using element testing and controlled modelling of an actual flexible pavement system. The element tests concentrated on separate, natural soils sourced from Kazakhstan which had similar mineralogy, but varying amounts of fines. One of the key parameters examined was equivalent void ratio and its efficiency to account for the behaviour change in granular materials which comes from increased fines content. Starting with monotonic triaxial results combined with strength-dilatancy methods it was shown that prediction of shear strength in a silty-sand could be improved by 13%. Incorporating this finding into repeat load triaxial tests, the transitions between elastic, plastic, and ratcheting failure behaviours (i.e. shakedown boundaries), commonly used to help predict the lifespan of a flexible pavement, were examined. It was seen that cycling a silty-sand, the stress path and yield surface could change depending on the fines content. The Cambridge Airfield Pavement Tester (APT) was designed and constructed to measure permanent subgrade deformation resulting from various surface loads. The number of input variables required to design flexible pavements is one of the most frequently stated problems in the field; variation of aircraft types, environmental conditions, and materials makes mechanistic design of the soil foundation problematic. Accordingly physical pavement modelling continues to be the only experimental method that allows input parameters and material characteristics to be examined simultaneously. Digital image correlation (DIC) was incorporated into the system; the first time this technology has been used in flexible pavement research. A Null Pressure System was also installed to measure soil stress distributions. It was observed that the critical failure mechanisms for thin and thick surficial layers are different, resulting in changes in the rates of surface rutting. Finally, by combining element and APT results, knowledge of the causal relationships between subsurface deformation and failure mechanisms in flexible pavement were advanced. In-situ soils, which are frequently incorporated into subgrade designs, were found to have a substantial role in the serviceability of the pavement. Correlations between element tests and APT results highlighted the complicated loading and boundary conditions present in a pavement.
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Ajorloo, Ali Mohammad. "Characterization of the mechanical behavior of improved loose sand for application in soil-cement deep mixing." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10044/document.

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Les technologies de mélange de sol en profondeur (« deep mixing ») pour le soutènement des excavations sont de plus en plus utilisées dans le monde. Le mélange de sol en profondeur devient une alternative plus économique aux systèmes traditionnels de soutènement pour les travaux d'excavation, pour la conception des fondations superficielles, l'analyse de la stabilité des talus et de la liquéfaction des sols. Ceci nécessite un développement plus poussé des modèles décrivant le comportement mécanique des sols ainsi améliorés, comme base pour accroitre la sécurité et diminuer les coûts économiques. Cette thèse est basée sur l'étude en laboratoire des caractéristiques de résistance au cisaillement d’un sable siliceux modifié avec du ciment de Portland, seul ou en combinaison avec des liants à réactions lentes (pouzzolaniques) comme des fumées de silice et de la chaux. Les effets de la cimentation sur la résistance, la rigidité et le comportement contractant-dilatant du sable cimenté sont étudiés au cours d’essais de compression simple, de traction, de cisaillement direct et de compression triaxiale drainée pour des éprouvettes maturées jusqu'à 180 jours. Plus précisément, les modes de rupture, les paramètres de résistance au cisaillement pour le sable lâche et dense, le module de cisaillement et les réponses volumétriques, l'état critique des sols cimentés sont décrits. En outre, cette étude vise à développer une formulation « Ready Mix », où le type de liant utilisé et le rapport eau/ciment ou eau/liant jouent un rôle fondamental dans l'évaluation de la résistance visée pour une utilisation en « deep mixing » de sols granulaires de type SM (resp SP) dans la classification LPC (resp USCS). Le comportement contrainte-déformation des sables cimentés est non linéaire avec une alternance contractance-dilatance. Une augmentation de l'angle de résistance au cisaillement et de la cohésion avec l'augmentation de la teneur en ciment a été observée de façon uniforme. Pour le sable sans ciment, la résistance au pic correspond au taux maximum d'expansion volumétrique, alors que pour le sable cimenté elle représente une condition où la sommation de toutes les composantes prend son intensité maximale. Finalement, la corrélation entre la résistance à la compression simple et l'indice lié à la réaction pouzzolaniques de la chaux et de la fumée de silice a été discutée
The use of deep soil mixing technology for excavation support is growing worldwide. As soil deep mixing becomes a more economical alternative to traditional support systems for excavation, shallow foundation design and analysis of slope stability and liquefaction of soil, the amelioration of models describing the mechanical behavior of improved soil is required, as a basis for cost-effectiveness and a safer design. This work features a laboratory study of shear strength of a loose silica sand modified with Portland cement only or in combination with high curing time binders (due to pozzolanic reactions) such as lime and silica fume. The effects of cementation on the stress–strain behavior, stiffness and strength of treated sand are investigated through unconfined compression tests, tensile strength tests, direct shear tests and drained triaxial compression tests, for curing times up to 180 days. More precisely, failure modes, shear strength parameters for loose and dense sand, volumetric responses and critical state of cemented sand are described. In addition, this study attempts to develop a « ready mix » design procedure, where the type of binder, water/cement or water/ binder ratios play a major part in the assessment of the targeted strength in deep soil mixing applications for loose granular soils (SP in the unified classification). The results show that the stress–strain behavior of cemented sands is nonlinear with contractive–dilative stages. The stress-strain response is strongly influenced by effective confining pressure and cement content. For uncemented sand, the peak strength occurs for a maximum rate of volumetric expansion, whereas for cemented sand it represents a condition where the summation of all components the maximum intensity become. Finally, the correlation of unconfined compression strength with the index of pozzolanic reaction of lime and silica fume is discussed
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Yusa, Muhamad. "Aging and creep of non-plastic silty sand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10754.

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Soil aging refers to the increase in strength and stiffness that is exhibited over time after it is disturbed. It is common in granular soils, such as sands, occurring over periods from hours to years. There have been relatively numerous laboratory studies on sand aging phenomena. However the majority of these studies were conducted on relatively clean sand (fines content <5%) and were performed under isotropic condition. In nature, granular soils with fines content > 5% are not uncommon. This research is an attempt to gain further insight and understanding of mechanical aging on silty sand by conducting laboratory studies mostly under K0 condition, which better reflects the field condition, at both macro-scale (triaxial test) and micro-scale (fabric test). As many factors (e.g. plasticity of fines, fines content, grain size composition, angularity and shape) affect silty sand behaviour and not all those factors could be investigated during the study period, this study focused on mechanical aging of non-plastic silty sand with 15% fines content. Triaxial tests have been conducted in this study in order to observe creep behavior under different density, initial fabric, and consolidation stress paths (K0 and isotropic). The tests were conducted at low effective confining stress stresses i.e. ’3= 30 – 120 kPa as this is relevant to many geotechnical aging problems (e.g. time effects on freshly deposited or disturbed soils such as in the case of hydraulic fills, mine tailings, and post-liquefaction state of soil behaviour following earthquakes). Creep induced aging effects on undrained shear behaviour at small-strain (<0.1% of shear strain), were investigated, as this strain range is most common in geotechnical structures under gravity-induced working loads. Aging effects on one way cyclic behaviour were also studied. Some new key findings from these tests are as follows: (1) Creep following K0 consolidation indicated that the soil tends to expand radially over time, resulting in a tendency of increasing horizontal stress with time even at low stress. (2) Following K0 consolidation, density appears to have more significant effect on creep compared to initial shear stress ratio and mean effective stress; as demonstrated by loose samples (low stress ratio and mean effectives stress) which exhibited greater creep compared to those of dense sample (higher stress ratio and mean effective stress) (3) For loose soils, there is a trade-off between high confining stresses driving aging and collapsing pore space. Generally higher confining stress was found to increase creep tendency thus enhancing aging, however there was also found to be a certain confining pressure where the aging effects became less due to local structure collapse. (4) Initial fabric plays an important role on creep development, thus aging. For instance, dense dry pluviated samples developed larger axial strain over time but also gained less increase in stiffness compared to dense moist tamped samples. This suggests the importance of specimen preparation for laboratory testing that replicates the field scenarios e.g. natural deposition and associated fabric; (5) Dense K0 consolidated samples produce more increase in stiffness with time than corresponding isotropically consolidated samples. Hence, as the K0 condition generally reflects the level-ground free field stress condition better, it is important to test under K0 if the degree of stiffness gain is important; (6) The number of cycles to trigger cyclic softening and liquefaction for one way cyclic loading increases with the aging duration. In addition there is tendency that the aging effect is more pronounced at lower cyclic stress ratios. Fabric tests under K0 consolidation with similar variables as the triaxial tests were also performed. Some new insights and contributions have been obtained as follows: (1) Moist tamped samples, have particles that are more clustered together and structured than dry pluviated samples; (2) In terms of particle orientation, a change in the degree of orientation for both sand particles and ‘fines’ under constant loading was observed with time. The dominant (i.e. most) rotated particles (sand or “fines’) depends on the initial fabric and density; (3) Over time, under constant loading, growth of micro voids was observed for dense samples while those of loose samples contracted; (4) A new parameter, variance to mean void ratio of void distance, was introduced as a measure of the degree of interlocking during aging. The variance to mean ratio of void distance for moist tamped samples tends to decrease whereas those of dry pluviated samples tends to increase with time. An increase in variance and variance to mean ratio for dry pluviated samples indicates that particles are more clustered together with time; (5) Original work on spatial void distance for the numerical analysis of creep induced aging based on Kang et al. (2012) was conducted (note: the model’s boundary condition allows lateral expansion, which is not the same as the fabric tests conducted). The analysis showed that mean void size in dense soil tends to increase with time under constant load while for loose sample it tends to decrease. However the particles also clustered together more – increasing structure. (6) A microstructural study of “undisturbed samples”, obtained by gel-push sampling, of clean sand (fines content = 4%) and silty sand (fines content = 30%), was conducted to investigate anisotropy of natural fabric of granular soils. The results show that dry pluviation reflects the field condition more, in terms of natural deposition, than moist tamping. In addition, spatial void distance qualitatively indicated the undisturbed samples are relatively “very young”, even in terms of engineering time, as indicated by similar variance to mean ratio and kurtosis with those of 1 hour and 1 week reconstituted samples. This research has shown that there was a relation between changes in the microstructure over time and changes in macro mechanical properties of non-plastic silty sand. Further improvement in theoretical modeling (e.g. numerical modeling of creep on polydisperse granular material) and experimental aspects (e.g. examining different grain size composition and angularity, different fines content, the influence of the shape of sand and fines and use of the photo-elastic method) will allow a better understanding of the sand aging phenomenon in silty sand.
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6

Rahardjo, Paulus P. "Evaluation of liquefaction potential of silty sand based on Cone Penetration Test." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53844.

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Liquefaction ls a phenomenon where a saturated soil can temporarily lose its shear strength during an earthquake as a result of the development of excess pore pressures. For the past 25 years since Iiquefaction phenomenon was first explained, it was thought to be mainly a problem with clean sand, and most of the research has focused on these soils. However, as case history information has come to light, it has become apparent that silty sands are commonly involved, and in some cases even silts. This has generated a need for knowledge about the response of silty sands and silts under seismic loading. Related to this issue is the question of how best to determine the Iiquefaction resistance of these soils in a practical setting. This research has the objectives of providing an understanding of the behavior of saturated silty sands under seismic loading, and developing a rational basis for the use of the Cone Penetration Test (CPT) to predict Iiquefaction resistance in these materials. The study is primarily experimental, relying on laboratory and field testing and the use of a unique, large scale calibration chamber. The calibration chamber allows the field environment to be duplicated in the laboratory where conditions can be closely controlled and accurately defined. One of the first problems to be overcome in the research was to determine how to prepare specimens of silty sands that would reasonably duplicate field conditions in both the small scale of the conventional laboratory tests, and the large scale of the calibration chamber. Out of four different methods explored, consolidation from a slurry proved to be best. Two silty sands were located which had the desired characteristics for the study. Field work, involving both the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and CPT was done as part of this investigation. The behavior of the silty sands were determined in the laboratory from monotonic and cyclic loading tests. The test results show that the effect of fines is to reduce the cone penetration resistance, but not to affect the liquefaction resistance. The steady state shear strength of the soils seems to be correlated to the cone tip resistance, however, this correlation shows a higher steady state shear strength than those back figured from case history data. The results were also used to define state parameters for both of the soils tested. The state parameter was found to be a reliable index to the liquefaction potential and further study in this area is recommended.
Ph. D.
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Valentine, Todd J. "Dynamic Testing of a Full-Scale Pile Cap with Dense Silty Sand Backfill." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2021.pdf.

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Runnels, Immanuel Kaleoonalani. "Dynamic Full-Scale Testing of a Pile Cap with Loose Silty Sand Backfill." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1854.pdf.

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Quimby, Michael James. "Liquefaction Mitigation in Silty Sands Using Stone Columns with Wick Drains." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2228.

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Stone column treatment is commonly used to mitigate liquefaction hazard in sandy soils. Research and experience indicate that this method is effective for clean sands but that it may not be effective for silts and sands with fines contents greater than 15-20%. An alternative to the stone column method involves supplementing stone column treatment with pre-fabricated vertical wick drains installed prior to the stone columns installation. Although this method is used in practice, there has not been a formal academic study of its effectiveness. This thesis evaluates seven different case histories where wick drains were used and one where wick drains were not used, for comparison purposes. The site locations varied as well as the soil properties and treatment plans. CPT testing was done at 3 sites and SPT testing was performed at the other 5 sites. CPT data were correlated to SPT data to facilitate comparisons. One of the case histories includes a unique study in which three different variations of the stone column treatment were applied at the same site, providing a direct comparison of the effectiveness of each method. A 26% area replacement ratio (Ar) with drains was determined to be more effective overall than a 26% Ar without drains and more effective in increasing low initial blow counts than the 34% Ar without drains. The areas with drains were more likely to exceed the minimum project criteria consistently throughout the site. Significant scatter were observed in the results and probable causes for the scatter are noted. Final blow count coefficients of variation ranged from 28% to 77%. Increased fines contents required increased Ar in order to maintain similar average final blow counts. Site improvements were evaluated separately and collectively. Individual site results were compared to clean sand curves developed by Baez (1995). Sites with average fines contents less than 20% which were improved using drains and an 11-15% Ar treatment were comparable to clean sand sites without drains and with 5-10% Ar. To achieve similar improvement at sites with 40-46% fines necessitated drains and Ar values of 23-26%. Design recommendations are provided.
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10

Hoang, Ngoc Lan. "Etudes des propriétés hydromécaniques d’un sable limoneux : de la saturation partielle à la saturation complète." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSET005/document.

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Cette thèse concerne la caractérisation expérimentale d’un sable limoneux provenant du barrage de Livet – Gavet (38) dans le cadre du projet ANR TerreDurable avec plusieurs objectifs : 1- Caractériser au travers d’essais de laboratoire le comportement hydromécanique d’un sable fin limoneux (sol A1 dans la classification GTR) en fonction de son état de saturation. Lors de cette étude, un accent particulier est porté sur la caractérisation de ce comportement dans le domaine proche de la saturation. 2- Interpréter le comportement hydrique du matériau sur chemin de drainage – imbibition en relation avec l’analyse de sa microstructure. 3- Fournir d’un point de vue général une base de données et d’analyses exhaustive permettant le développement et la calibration de modèles de comportement des sols fins proches de la saturation, en particulier en considérant des chemins de chargement hydromécanique complexes. Pour l’ensemble de cette étude, le matériau est considéré sous deux états : soit à l’état de pâte (matériau normalement consolidé) préparée à une teneur en eau proche de la limite de liquidité, soit sous forme compactée (matériau sur-consolidé) à différentes énergies de compactage et différentes teneurs en eau initiales
This thesis concerns the experimental characterization of a silty sand from the Livet - Gavet dam (38) as part of the ANR TerreDurable project, for following objectives: 1- Through laboratory tests, characterize the hydro-mechanical behaviour of a fine silty sand (Type A1 in the GTR classification) according to its saturation state. In this study, particular emphasis is placed on the characterization of this behaviour in the near-saturated domain. 2- Interpret the water behaviour of material on the drainage - imbibition cycles, in relation to the analysis of its microstructure. 3- From a general point of view, provide a comprehensive database and analysis allowing the development and calibration of models of near-saturated fine soil's behaviour, in particular, by considering complex hydro-mechanical loading paths. For all tests in this study, the material is considered in two states: either in the state of paste (normally consolidated material) prepared at water content close to the limit of liquidity, or in compacted state (over consolidated material) at different compaction energies and different initial water contents
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Книги з теми "Behavior of silty sand"

1

Ruenkrairergsa, Teeracharti. Design, construction and performance of silty sand stabilized road base. Bangkok, Thailand: Dept. of Highways, Ministry of Communications, 1985.

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2

Iskander, Magued. Behavior of Pipe Piles in Sand. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13108-0.

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Evans, Howard Ensign. The sand wasps: Natural history and behavior. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006.

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Sand Pail City. Moneta, Va: Out in Left Publishing/Andrews UK, 2011.

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5

George Sand, l'amoureuse. Paris: Editions Ramsay, 1992.

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6

Predictability of nearshore sandbar behavior. Utrecht: Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 2010.

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7

-L, Briaud J., Gibbens Robert, United States. Federal Highway Administration., and American Society of Civil Engineers., eds. Predicted and measured behavior of five spread footings on sand: Proceedings of a prediction symposium. New York, N.Y: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1994.

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8

Andrews, J. Barry. The behavior of iron oxide as an additive to no-bake sands for the reduction of casting defects. Des Plaines, Ill: Carbon and Low Alloy Technical Research Committee, Steel Founders' Society of America, 1990.

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9

Beverley, Randell. Father Bear goes fishing. Petone, N.Z: Nelson Price Milburn, 1993.

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10

Sasitharan, Sabanayagam. Collapse behavior of very loose sand. 1994.

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Частини книг з теми "Behavior of silty sand"

1

El-Mamlouk, H. H., A. K. Hussein, and A. M. Hassan. "Cyclic Behavior of Nonplastic Silty Sand under Direct Simple Shear Loading." In Soil Stress-Strain Behavior: Measurement, Modeling and Analysis, 615–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6146-2_42.

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2

Srivastava, Akansha, and R. S. Dalvi. "Shear Behavior of Geotextile-Reinforced Silty Sand Using Static Triaxial Testing." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 145–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0886-8_12.

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3

Huang, A. B., and Y. T. Huang. "Static and Cyclic Behavior of a Silty Sand According to Tests on Undisturbed Samples." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 503–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-35724-7_29.

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4

Al-Emami, Omar H., and Ammar A. Al-Sultan. "The Scale Effects on the Shear Strength Behavior of Silty Sand Soil in Direct Shear Tests." In Geotechnical Engineering and Sustainable Construction, 79–90. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6277-5_7.

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5

Hoyos, Laureano R., Claudia L. Velosa, and Anand J. Puppala. "Behaviour of Compacted Clayey Silty Sand under Suction-Controlled Ring Shear Testing." In Unsaturated Soils: Research and Applications, 39–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31116-1_6.

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Borg, John, Andrew Van Vooren, Harold Sandusky, and Joshua Felts. "Sand Penetration: A Near Nose Investigation of a Sand Penetration Event." In Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1, 363–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00771-7_44.

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7

Schumaker, Merit G., John P. Borg, Gregory Kennedy, and Naresh N. Thadhani. "Mesoscale Simulations of Dry Sand." In Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1, 379–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06995-1_52.

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8

Kabir, Md E., and Weinong W. Chen. "Dynamic Triaxial Test on Sand." In Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1, 7–8. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8228-5_2.

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9

Gul, Nadeem, Bashir Ahmed Mir, and K. M. N. Saquib Wani. "Mechanical Behavior of Silty Soil Reinforced with Carbon Fibers." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 307–15. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6727-6_28.

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10

Kong, Yuxia, and Feifan Shen. "Stress-Dilatancy Behavior for Fiber-Reinforced Sand." In Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Fundamentals of Soil Behaviours, 480–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0125-4_53.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Behavior of silty sand"

1

Rabbi, A. T. M. Z., M. M. Rahman, and D. A. Cameron. "Undrained Behavior of Silty Glacial Sand." In Geo-Congress 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413272.015.

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2

Amini, Zahra A., and Aurelian C. Trandafir. "Post-Liquefaction Shear Behavior of Bonneville Silty-Sand." In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics Congress IV. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40975(318)95.

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3

Yamamuro, Jerry A., and Poul V. Lade. "Static Liquefaction and "Reverse" Behavior of Silty Sand." In GeoCongress 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412121.086.

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4

Zamani, Atefeh, and Brina M. Montoya. "Shearing and Hydraulic Behavior of MICP Treated Silty Sand." In Geotechnical Frontiers 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480489.029.

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Yin, Z., and P. Y. Hicher. "Modeling the Impact of Internal Erosion on the Behavior of Silty Sand." In Fifth Biot Conference on Poromechanics. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412992.239.

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Jahid Iftekhar Alam, Md, S. C. R. Lo, and Gary Edward Matthews. "Pull–Out Resistance Behavior Of Indented Steel Strip Soil Reinforcement In Silty Sand." In 18th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference (18SEAGC) & Inaugural AGSSEA Conference (1AGSSEA). Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-4948-4_274.

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Benavente-Huaman, Eduardo, Mauricio Navarro-Cardenas, and Gary Duran-Ramirez. "Strength Behaviour of Shredded Rubber Silty Sand Mixtures." In 2019 7th International Engineering, Sciences and Technology Conference (IESTEC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iestec46403.2019.00087.

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Nian, Tingkai, Pengcheng Yu, Meihui Diao, Miaojia Lu, and Chunan Liu. "Shear-Creep Behavior of Dredger Fill Silty Sands under Different Normal Pressure." In International Conference On Civil Engineering And Urban Planning 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412435.100.

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Baki, M. A. L., M. M. Rahman, and S. R. Lo. "Undrained Monotonic Behaviors of Silty Sand in Triaxial Extension Shearing." In Geo-Congress 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413272.016.

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10

Qian, Yongmei, Zixuan Huang, Tongjian Lu, and Ruozhu Wang. "Research on the Moisture Content of Fine Silty Sand Affecting the Compressive Failure Behavior of the Concrete Expanded-Plates Pile." In 2016 International Forum on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ifeesd-16.2016.23.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Behavior of silty sand"

1

Martin, Bradley E., Md E. Kabir, Bo Song, and Wayne Chen. Compressive behavior of fine sand. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/984089.

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2

Antoun, T., E. Herbold, and S. Johnson. Dynamic Behavior of Sand: Annual Report FY 11. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1047780.

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3

Perkey, David, and Danielle Tarpley. Using geophysical and erosion properties to identify potential beneficial use applications for Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway sediments. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44825.

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In an effort to identify alternative and beneficial use placement strategies for dredged sediments from the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (AIWW), the US Army Corps of Engineers, Savannah District (SAS), and the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) performed a series of physical property tests of 34 core borings from the SAS AIWW. Physical property testing found that 14 of the borings were non-cohesive sandy materials that may be suitable for potential beach renourishment or berm construction. The remaining 20 borings had mud contents sufficient enough to result in cohesive behavior. A subset of six of these materials from across the geographic region were further evaluated to characterize their erosion behavior. Following a self-weight consolidation period of 30 days, erosion testing showed that the tested cohesive sediments had critical shear stress values that ranged from 1.7 Pa to 2.9 Pa, suggesting that these sediments would likely be resistant to erosion in most wetland environments after placement. Additionally, the cohesive sediments were found to produce gravel-sized mud clasts. These clasts could account for 20% or more of the eroded mass and significantly reduce the amount of silts and clays incorporated in suspended plumes during and immediately following placement.
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4

Perkey, David W., Danielle R. N. Tarpley, and Renée M. Styles. Using Geophysical and Erosion Properties to Identify Potential Beneficial Use Applications for Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway Sediments. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44906.

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Анотація:
In an effort to identify alternative and beneficial use placement strategies for dredged sediments from the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (AIWW), the US Army Corps of Engineers, Savannah District (SAS), and the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) performed a series of physical property tests of 34 core borings from the SAS AIWW. Physical property testing found that 14 of the borings were non-cohesive sandy materials that may be suitable for potential beach renourishment or berm construction. The remaining 20 borings had mud contents sufficient enough to result in cohesive behavior. A subset of six of these materials from across the geographic region were further evaluated to characterize their erosion behavior. Following a self-weight consolidation period of 30 days, erosion testing showed that the tested cohesive sediments had critical shear stress values that ranged from 1.7 Pa to 2.9 Pa, suggesting that these sediments would likely be resistant to erosion in most wetland environments after placement. Additionally, the cohesive sediments were found to produce gravel-sized mud clasts. These clasts could account for 20% or more of the eroded mass and significantly reduce the amount of silts and clays incorporated in suspended plumes during and immediately following placement.
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5

Restrepo, J. M., and J. L. Bona. Structure and behavior of triad interactions for a Boussinesq system arising in a model for the formation sand ridges. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/205209.

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6

Li, Cheng, Xi Gao, Steven Rowan, Bryan Hughes, Jeremy Harris, and William Rogers. Experimental investigation on the binary/ternary fluidization behavior of Geldart D type spherical LDPE, Geldart D type cylindrical wood and Geldart B type sand particles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1776642.

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7

Tarpley, Danielle, and David Perkey. Impacts of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) on erosion behavior of muddy sediment. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44841.

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Recent policy changes regarding the placement of dredged material have encouraged the USACE to increase its beneficial use (BU) of the sediments dredged from the nation’s navigation channels. A good portion of this material is fine grained (<63 μm), which traditionally has limited use in BU applications, in part due to its dispersive nature. A need exists to evaluate the potential of stabilizing and using fine-grained sediment (FGS) in BU projects. Previous studies have shown the addition of granular sand to FGS reduces the mobility of the bed. The potential of using Granular Activated Carbon (GAC), an amendment commonly used in environmental capping involving FGS, as a similar bed stabilizing material was explored in this study. A series of laboratory erosion tests using Sedflume were performed on FGS-GAC mixtures that ranged from 5% to 20% GAC by mass. Results suggested that GAC content ≤10% had no influence on the stability of the bed while GAC content ≥15% appeared to reduce both critical shear stress (τcr) and erosion rate (n). However, when compared to control cores, those without GAC, clear evidence of bed stabilization of FGS from the addition of GAC was not observed.
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8

Quinn, Meghan. Geotechnical effects on fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing performance. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41325.

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Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a fiber optic sensing system that is used for vibration monitoring. At a minimum, DAS is composed of a fiber optic cable and an optic analyzer called an interrogator. The oil and gas industry has used DAS for over a decade to monitor infrastructure such as pipelines for leaks, and in recent years changes in DAS performance over time have been observed for DAS arrays that are buried in the ground. This dissertation investigates the effect that soil type, soil temperature, soil moisture, time in-situ, and vehicle loading have on DAS performance for fiber optic cables buried in soil. This was accomplished through a field testing program involving two newly installed DAS arrays. For the first installation, a new portion of DAS array was added to an existing DAS array installed a decade prior. The new portion of the DAS array was installed in four different soil types: native fill, sand, gravel, and an excavatable flowable fill. Soil moisture and temperature sensors were buried adjacent to the fiber optic cable to monitor seasonal environmental changes over time. Periodic impact testing was performed at set locations along the DAS array for over one year. A second, temporary DAS array was installed to test the effect of vehicle loading on DAS performance. Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of the DAS response was used for all the tests to evaluate the system performance. The results of the impact testing program indicated that the portions of the array in gravel performed more consistently over time. Changes in soil moisture or soil temperature did not appear to affect DAS performance. The results also indicated that time DAS performance does change somewhat over time. Performance variance increased in new portions of array in all material types through time. The SNR in portions of the DAS array in native silty sand material dropped slightly, while the SNR in portions of the array in sand fill and flowable fill material decreased significantly over time. This significant change in performance occurred while testing halted from March 2020 to August 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. These significant changes in performance were observed in the new portion of test bed, while the performance of the prior installation remained consistent. It may be that, after some time in-situ, SNR in a DAS array will reach a steady state. Though it is unfortunate that testing was on pause while changes in DAS performance developed, the observed changes emphasize the potential of DAS to be used for infrastructure change-detection monitoring. In the temporary test bed, increasing vehicle loads were observed to increase DAS performance, although there was considerable variability in the measured SNR. The significant variation in DAS response is likely due to various industrial activities on-site and some disturbance to the array while on-boarding and off-boarding vehicles. The results of this experiment indicated that the presence of load on less than 10% of an array channel length may improve DAS performance. Overall, this dissertation provides guidance that can help inform the civil engineering community with respect to installation design recommendations related to DAS used for infrastructure monitoring.
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9

Payer, Wei, and Kempe. L51964 Corrosion Rates on Aging Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011323.

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The objective of this project was to determine the pipeline steel corrosion rate beneath a sand layer and polymer coating. An analysis was performed to correlate the corrosion rate of steel with the permeability of oxygen through the coating. The effectiveness of cathodic protection was evaluated for various sand or coating conditions. The findings are based upon the results of experiments to measure (a) the corrosion rate and electrochemical behavior of steel, (b) the oxygen permeability in soils and through coatings, (c) the electrical properties of coatings and (d) the effects of carbon dioxide on corrosion. The results are interpreted based on models of steel corrosion under concentration polarization control, models of transport through solutions and soil, and models of transport through coatings.
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10

Tan, Peng, and Nicholas Sitar. Parallel Level-Set DEM (LS-DEM) Development and Application to the Study of Deformation and Flow of Granular Media. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/kmiz5819.

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We present a systematic investigation of computational approaches to the modeling of granular materials. Granular materials are ubiquitous in everyday life and in a variety of engineering and industrial applications. Despite the apparent simplicity of the laws governing particle-scale interactions, predicting the continuum mechanical response of granular materials still poses extraordinary challenges. This is largely due to the complex history dependence resulting from continuous rearrangement of the microstructure of granular material, as well as the mechanical interlocking due to grain morphology and surface roughness. X-Ray Computed Tomography (XRCT) is used to characterize the grain morphology and the fabric of the granular media, naturally deposited sand in this study. The Level-Set based Discrete Element Method (LS-DEM) is then used to bridge the granular behavior gap between the micro and macro scale. The LS-DEM establishes a one-to-one correspondence between granular objects and numerical avatars and captures the details of grain morphology and surface roughness. However, the high-fidelity representation significantly increases the demands on computational resources. To this end a parallel version of LS-DEM is introduced to significantly decrease the computational demands. The code employs a binning algorithm, which reduces the search complexity of contact detection from O(n2) to O(n), and a domain decomposition strategy is used to elicit parallel computing in a memory- and communication-efficient manner. The parallel implementation shows good scalability and efficiency. High fidelity LS avatars obtained from XRCT images of naturally deposited sand are then used to replicate the results of triaxial tests using the new, parallel LS-DEM code. The result show that both micro- and macro-mechanical behavior of natural material is well captured and is consistent with experimental data, confirming experimental observation that the primary source of peak strength of sand is the mechanical interlocking between irregularly shaped grains. Specifically, triaxial test simulations with a flexible membrane produce a very good match to experimentally observed relationships between deviatoric stress and mobilized friction angle for naturally deposited sand. We then explore the viability of modeling dynamic problems with a new formulation of an impulse based LS-DEM. The new formulation is stable, fast, and energy conservative. However, it can be numerically stiff when the assembly has substantial mass differences between particles. We also demonstrate the feasibility of modeling deformable structures in the rigid body framework and propose several enhancements to improve the convergence of collision resolution, including a hybrid time integration scheme to separately handle at rest contacts and dynamic collisions. Finally, we extend the impulse-based LS-DEM to include arbitrarily shaped topographic surfaces and exploit its algorithmic advantages to demonstrate the feasibility of modeling realistic behavior of granular flows. The novel formulation significantly improves performance of dynamic simulations by allowing larger time steps, which is advantageous for observing the full development of physical phenomena such as rock avalanches, which we present as an illustrative example.
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