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Статті в журналах з теми "Bee communities health":
1
St. Clair, Ashley L., Ge Zhang, Adam G. Dolezal, Matthew E. O’Neal, and Amy L. Toth. "Diversified Farming in a Monoculture Landscape: Effects on Honey Bee Health and Wild Bee Communities." Environmental Entomology 49, no. 3 (April 4, 2020): 753–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa031.
Анотація:
Abstract In the last century, a global transformation of Earth’s surface has occurred due to human activity with extensive agriculture replacing natural ecosystems. Concomitant declines in wild and managed bees are occurring, largely due to a lack of floral resources and inadequate nutrition, caused by conversion to monoculture-based farming. Diversified fruit and vegetable farms may provide an enhanced variety of resources through crops and weedy plants, which have potential to sustain human and bee nutrition. We hypothesized fruit and vegetable farms can enhance honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Apis mellifera Linnaeus) colony growth and nutritional state over a soybean monoculture, as well as support a more diverse wild bee community. We tracked honey bee colony growth, nutritional state, and wild bee abundance, richness, and diversity in both farm types. Honey bees kept at diversified farms had increased colony weight and preoverwintering nutritional state. Regardless of colony location, precipitous declines in colony weight occurred during autumn and thus colonies were not completely buffered from the stressors of living in a matrix dominated with monocultures. Contrary to our hypothesis, wild bee diversity was greater in soybean, specifically in August, a time when fields are in bloom. These differences were largely driven by four common bee species that performed well in soybean. Overall, these results suggest fruit and vegetable farms provide some benefits for honey bees; however, they do not benefit wild bee communities. Thus, incorporation of natural habitat, rather than diversified farming, in these landscapes, may be a better choice for wild bee conservation efforts.
2
Stein, D. S., D. M. Debinski, J. M. Pleasants, and A. L. Toth. "Evaluating Native Bee Communities and Nutrition in Managed Grasslands." Environmental Entomology 49, no. 3 (March 26, 2020): 717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa009.
Анотація:
Abstract Native pollinators are important for providing vital services in agroecosystems; however, their numbers are declining globally. Bees are the most efficient and diverse members of the pollinator community; therefore, it is imperative that management strategies be implemented that positively affect bee community composition and health. Here, we test responses of the bee and flowering plant communities to land management treatments in the context of grasslands in the upper Midwestern United States, a critical area with respect to bee declines. Twelve sites were selected to examine floral resources and wild bee communities based on three different types of grasslands: tallgrass prairie remnants, ungrazed restorations, and grazed restorations. Total bee abundance was significantly higher in ungrazed restorations than remnants, but there were no significant differences among grasslands in community composition or Shannon diversity. Across the three grassland types we also examined mass and lipid stores as nutritional health indicators in three sweat bees (Halictidae), Augochlora pura, Agapostemon virescens, and Halictus ligatus. Although there were no differences in lipid content, total average bee mass was significantly higher in Ag. virescens collected from ungrazed restorations as compared to remnants. Floral abundance of native and non-native species combined was significantly higher in grazed restorations compared to remnants and ungrazed restorations. However, ungrazed restorations had higher abundance and richness of native flowering ramets. These data suggest that bee abundance and nutrition are driven by high abundance of native flowering plant species, rather than total flowering plants.
3
Harmon-Threatt, Alexandra. "Influence of Nesting Characteristics on Health of Wild Bee Communities." Annual Review of Entomology 65, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-024955.
Анотація:
Nest site availability and quality are important for maintaining robust populations and communities of wild bees. However, for most species, nesting traits and nest site conditions are poorly known, limiting both our understanding of basic ecology for bee species and conservation efforts. Additionally, many of the threats commonly associated with reducing bee populations have effects that can extend into nests but are largely unstudied. In general, threats such as habitat disturbances and climate change likely affect nest site availability and nest site conditions, which in turn affect nest initiation, growth, development, and overwintering success of bees. To facilitate a better understanding of how these and other threats may affect nesting bees, in this review, I quantify key nesting traits and environmental conditions and then consider how these traits may intersect with observed and anticipated changes in nesting conditions experienced by wild bees. These data suggest that the effects of common threats to bees through nesting may strongly influence their survival and persistence but are vastly understudied. Increasing research into nesting biology and incorporating nesting information into conservation efforts may help improve conservation of this declining but critical group.
4
Sheffield, Cory S., Peter G. Kevan, Alana Pindar, and Laurence Packer. "Bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) diversity within apple orchards and old fields in the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia, Canada." Canadian Entomologist 145, no. 1 (December 13, 2012): 94–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2012.89.
Анотація:
AbstractBees are important within terrestrial ecosystems, providing pollination, which facilitates plant reproduction. Agricultural regions are large landscapes containing varying proportions of cropland, natural, and semi-natural habitats. Most bees are not restricted to any of these and move freely throughout, exploiting food and nesting resources in favourable locations. Many factors affect bee diversity, and knowledge of these is crucial for promoting healthy bee communities. The main objectives of this study were to compare diversity and guild structure of bee communities across a range of land disturbance levels within the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia, Canada, in habitats ranging from managed apple orchards to old fields. The two habitat extremes differed significantly; intensely managed orchards had significantly lower species richness (∼50%) than observed/estimated in old fields, but orchards with intermediate levels of adjacent natural/semi-natural habitat showed affinities to either extreme depending on the metrics used for estimating species richness. Species assemblages in orchards had lower proportions of several guilds, particularly cavity-nesters, bumble bees, and cleptoparasites, than other habitats. These guilds accounted for over 30% of bees collected in old fields but only 3–10% in orchards, increasing with habitat complexity. The use of guilds for assessing the health of bee communities is discussed.
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Brettell, Schroeder, and Martin. "RNAseq Analysis Reveals Virus Diversity within Hawaiian Apiary Insect Communities." Viruses 11, no. 5 (April 27, 2019): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11050397.
Анотація:
Deformed wing virus (DWV) is the most abundant viral pathogen of honey bees and has been associated with large-scale colony losses. DWV and other bee-associated RNA viruses are generalists capable of infecting diverse hosts. Here, we used RNAseq analysis to test the hypothesis that due to the frequency of interactions, a range of apiary pest species would become infected with DWV and/or other honey bee-associated viruses. We confirmed that DWV-A was the most prevalent virus in the apiary, with genetically similar sequences circulating in the apiary pests, suggesting frequent inter-species transmission. In addition, different proportions of the three DWV master variants as indicated by BLAST analysis and genome coverage plots revealed interesting DWV-species groupings. We also observed that new genomic recombinants were formed by the DWV master variants, which are likely adapted to replicate in different host species. Species groupings also applied when considering other viruses, many of which were widespread in the apiaries. In social wasps, samples were grouped further by site, which potentially also influenced viral load. Thus, the apiary invertebrate community has the potential to act as reservoirs of honey bee-associated viruses, highlighting the importance of considering the wider community in the apiary when considering honey bee health.
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Fowler, Alison E., Rebecca E. Irwin, and Lynn S. Adler. "Parasite defense mechanisms in bees: behavior, immunity, antimicrobials, and symbionts." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 4, no. 1 (December 16, 2019): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20190069.
Анотація:
Parasites are linked to the decline of some bee populations; thus, understanding defense mechanisms has important implications for bee health. Recent advances have improved our understanding of factors mediating bee health ranging from molecular to landscape scales, but often as disparate literatures. Here, we bring together these fields and summarize our current understanding of bee defense mechanisms including immunity, immunization, and transgenerational immune priming in social and solitary species. Additionally, the characterization of microbial diversity and function in some bee taxa has shed light on the importance of microbes for bee health, but we lack information that links microbial communities to parasite infection in most bee species. Studies are beginning to identify how bee defense mechanisms are affected by stressors such as poor-quality diets and pesticides, but further research on this topic is needed. We discuss how integrating research on host traits, microbial partners, and nutrition, as well as improving our knowledge base on wild and semi-social bees, will help inform future research, conservation efforts, and management.
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de Sousa, Leandro Pio. "Bacterial communities of indoor surface of stingless bee nests." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 9, 2021): e0252933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252933.
Анотація:
Microbes have been identified as fundamental for the good health of bees, acting as pathogens, protective agent against infection/inorganic toxic compounds, degradation of recalcitrant secondary plant metabolites, definition of social group membership, carbohydrate metabolism, honey and bee pollen production. However, study of microbiota associated with bees have been largely confined to the honeybees and solitary bees. Here, I characterized the microbiota of indoor surface nest of four brazilian stingless bee species (Apidae: Meliponini) with different construction behaviors and populations. Bees that use predominantly plant material to build the nest (Frieseomelitta varia and Tetragonisca angustula) have a microbiome dominated by bacteria found in the phylloplane and flowers such as Pseudomonas sp. and Sphingomonas sp. Species that use mud and feces (Trigona spinipes) possess a microbiome dominated by coliforms such as Escherichia coli and Alcaligenes faecalis. Melipona quadrifasciata, which uses both mud / feces and plant resin, showed a hybrid microbiome with microbes found in soil, feces and plant material. These findings indicate that indoor surface microbiome varies widely among bees and reflects the materials used in the construction of the nests.
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Sbaghdi, Thania, Julian R. Garneau, Simon Yersin, Frédérique Chaucheyras-Durand, Michel Bocquet, Anne Moné, Hicham El Alaoui, Philippe Bulet, Nicolas Blot, and Frédéric Delbac. "The Response of the Honey Bee Gut Microbiota to Nosema ceranae Is Modulated by the Probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici and the Neonicotinoid Thiamethoxam." Microorganisms 12, no. 1 (January 18, 2024): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12010192.
Анотація:
The honey bee Apis mellifera is exposed to a variety of biotic and abiotic stressors, such as the highly prevalent microsporidian parasite Nosema (Vairimorpha) ceranae and neonicotinoid insecticides. Both can affect honey bee physiology and microbial gut communities, eventually reducing its lifespan. They can also have a combined effect on the insect’s survival. The use of bacterial probiotics has been proposed to improve honey bee health, but their beneficial effect remains an open question. In the present study, western honey bees were experimentally infected with N. ceranae spores, chronically exposed to the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam, and/or supplied daily with the homofermentative bacterium Pediococcus acidilactici MA18/5M thought to improve the honey bees’ tolerance to the parasite. Deep shotgun metagenomic sequencing allowed the response of the gut microbiota to be investigated with a taxonomic resolution at the species level. All treatments induced significant changes in honey bee gut bacterial communities. Nosema ceranae infection increased the abundance of Proteus mirabilis, Frischella perrara, and Gilliamella apicola and reduced the abundance of Bifidobacterium asteroides, Fructobacillus fructosus, and Lactobacillus spp. Supplementation with P. acidilactici overturned some of these alterations, bringing back the abundance of some altered species close to the relative abundance found in the controls. Surprisingly, the exposure to thiamethoxam also restored the relative abundance of some species modulated by N. ceranae. This study shows that stressors and probiotics may have an antagonistic impact on honey bee gut bacterial communities and that P. acidilactici may have a protective effect against the dysbiosis induced by an infection with N. ceranae.
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Tsadila, Christina, Chiara Amoroso, and Dimitris Mossialos. "Microbial Diversity in Bee Species and Bee Products: Pseudomonads Contribution to Bee Well-Being and the Biological Activity Exerted by Honey Bee Products: A Narrative Review." Diversity 15, no. 10 (October 16, 2023): 1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15101088.
Анотація:
Bees are important pollinators worldwide, promoting sustainability in agriculture and natural ecosystems. Moreover, honey bees produce a variety of honey bee products (beehive products). Honey is the main edible bee product. The consumption of pollen, bee bread, royal jelly, and propolis is becoming more popular nowadays. All these products are characterized by high nutritional value and/or bioactivity. A high microbial diversity has been reported in bees and beehive products, forming distinct microbial communities. The honey bee gut microbiome actively promotes good health and nutrient availability for the host. Furthermore, it prevents food spoilage and contributes to the maintenance of good hygiene conditions in the hive. Pseudomonads are often reported in investigations on bee and bee product microbiomes. Diverse Pseudomonas species demonstrate high metabolic adaptability, producing a wide range of bioactive enzymes and secondary metabolites. Several studies have provided evidence that Pseudomonads might play a role in bee well-being and the bioactivity exerted by honey bee products, though further research is warranted to fully understand the effects and mechanisms. The aim of this narrative review is to highlight the importance of Pseudomonads in the context of up-to-date knowledge regarding the bee and bee product microbiomes.
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Dharampal, Prarthana S., Caitlin Carlson, Cameron R. Currie, and Shawn A. Steffan. "Pollen-borne microbes shape bee fitness." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1904 (June 12, 2019): 20182894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2894.
Анотація:
Teeming within pollen provisions are diverse communities of symbiotic microbes, which provide a variety of benefits to bees. Microbes themselves may represent a major dietary resource for developing bee larvae. Despite their apparent importance in sustaining bee health, evidence linking pollen-borne microbes to larval health is currently lacking. We examined the effects of microbe-deficient diets on the fitness of larval mason bees. In a series of diet manipulations, microbe-rich maternally collected pollen provisions were replaced with increasing fractions of sterilized, microbe-deficient pollen provisions before being fed to developing larvae. Convergent findings from amino acid and fatty acid trophic biomarker analyses revealed that larvae derived a substantial amount of nutrition from microbial prey and occupied a significantly higher trophic position than that of strict herbivores. Larvae feeding on increasingly sterile diets experienced significant adverse effects on growth rates, biomass and survivorship. When completely deprived of pollen-borne microbes, larvae consistently exhibited marked decline in fitness. We conclude that microbes associated with aged pollen provisions are central to bee health, not only as nutritional mutualists, but also as a major dietary component. In an era of global bee decline, the conservation of such bee–microbe interactions may represent an important facet of pollinator protection strategies.
Дисертації з теми "Bee communities health":
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Leroy, Clémentine. "Sensibilité des abeilles sauvages face aux transformations du paysage dans les agroécosystèmes : Utilisation d'une approche écophysiologique pour évaluer l'influence des ressources florales sur la condition corporelle des abeilles sauvages." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Avignon, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023AVIG0616.
Анотація:
Le contexte actuel du déclin de diverses espèces d'abeilles sauvages soulève la nécessité de trouver et de réfléchir à des mesures de conservation et de restauration plus proactives et plus pertinentes. Dans ce cadre, l'utilisation de mesures de la vitalité et condition corporelle des organismes pourrait représenter une opportunité intéressante pour évaluer comment ces derniers répondent aux changements environnementaux. Nous avons ainsi émis l'hypothèse que des modifications physiologiques pourraient informer sur la sensibilité individuelle des abeilles aux changements environnementaux et agir comme des indicateurs de la qualité des habitats. Ces mesures physiologiques sont très prometteuses et présentent déjà des exemples de réussite pour de nombreuses espèces soumises à diverses perturbations environnementales, à savoir la pollution environnementale, le changement climatique et les ressources du paysage. Dans cette optique, nous avons appliqué cette approche écophysiologique pour mesurer les effets de la disponibilité et de la richesse des ressources florales sur la condition corporelle de diverses espèces d’abeilles sauvages. La condition corporelle des abeilles est, dans nos travaux, une compilation de la masse corporelle et des indicateurs du statut nutritionnel (concentrations en protéines, triglycérides et glycogène). Nous avons tout d’abord examiné l’influence d’éléments semi-naturels (prairies temporaires et permanentes, jachères et landes boisées) et des haies sur le succès reproducteur et la condition corporelle de l’abeille maçonne (Osmia cornuta) dans des vergers de pommiers. Les habitats semi-naturels et les haies dans les vergers n’ont pas affecté la reproduction des osmies, mais ont eu des effets bénéfiques sur le poids et la teneur en protéine de la descendance, probablement en raison d’une meilleure diversité des pollens récoltés. Parallèlement, nous avons testé l'effet en zone de prairies, d'un indice d'utilisation des terres (compilation des pratiques des agriculteur·ices incluant la fauche, le pâturage et la fertilisation) et de la diversité florale sur les communautés d'abeilles sauvages en se focalisant sur les bourdons. Le poids des bourdons a particulièrement diminué avec l’intensité de gestion des prairies chez une espèce formant des colonies de petites tailles (Bombus sylvarum), alors que les autres espèces n’ont pas été affectées. Les concentrations en protéines (en particulier chez Bombus terrestris) et glycogène ont également varié selon les pratiques de gestion des prairies, ces variations étant conditionnées par la longueur du proboscis des espèces. Ces travaux montrent que des mesures de la condition corporelle peuvent être utiles pour améliorer notre compréhension des réponses des abeilles sauvages à la qualité des habitats. En particulier, les mesures de la masse corporelle et de la teneur en protéines semblent être d'un intérêt particulier pour attester de la sensibilité individuelle. L’acquisition de ces connaissances et leur mise en pratique, de concert avec d’autres champs disciplinaires (écologie comportementale, sciences sociales, épidémiologie…) ainsi qu’avec les acteur·ices engagé·es dans la protection des pollinisateurs, pourraient permettre d’affiner et co-construire des stratégies de conservation des populations d’abeilles sauvages pour lutter contre le déclin des abeillesThe actual context of bee species decline raises the actual needs of finding and thinking about more proactive and relevant conservation and restoration measures. In this initiative, the use of new biological metrics that can link individual bee responses to environmental alteration with populationlevel responses could represent an interesting opportunity. We hypothesized that physiological indicators could communicate the actual individual bee sensitivity to environmental changes and act as early warning signals of bee population decline or sustainability. Physiological markers can for example, provide helpful information on the interface between bee populations and their resources. Those indicators are indeed very promising and already show benefits and success for numerous organisms and numerous environmental perturbations they have to cope with, namely chemicals, climate change and landscape resources. In that extent, we used such ecophysiological approach to measure the effects of floral resources abundance, availability and richness on female’s bee body condition. We approximate bee body condition as a compilation of body mass, and nutritional healthindicators (proteins, triglycerides and proteins) contents. Firstly, we examined the effect of seminatural elements (temporary and permanent grasslands, fallows and woody moorlands) on the reproductive success and the body condition of a mason bee in apple orchards from south of France. Parallelly, we tested the effect of a land-use index (compilation of farmers practices including mowing, grazing and fertilizing) and floral diversity from agroecosystems habitats on the health state of wild bee communities in Belgium and Germany thanks to the multilevel approach of the European NutriB² project. This thesis work shows that metrics of body condition can be useful to improve our understanding of pollinator responses to habitat quality with a focus on nutrition. In particular, the measure of body mass and proteins content seem to be of particular interest to attest for individual sensitivity. Additional physiological health parameters including stoichiometry and pathogen loads also provide valuable information on the health state of wild bees and are also the focus of working groups within the european project. We can optimistically assume that the acquisition of this knowledge and its application in practice, in conjunction with these other disciplinary fields and with players involved in pollinator conservation, could enable us to refine and co-construct wild bee conservation or restoration strategies to combat bee decline
Книги з теми "Bee communities health":
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M, Wiener Joshua, and Brookings Institution, eds. Swing beds: Assessing flexible health care in rural communities : papers. Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution, 1987.
2
Nobuaki, Teraki, and Kurokawa Midori. A History of Discriminated Buraku Communities in Japan. Translated by Ian Neary. GB Folkestone: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9781898823964.
Анотація:
At the heart of modern Japan there remains an intractable and divisive social problem with its roots in pre-history, namely the ongoing social discrimination against the D?wa communities, otherwise known as Buraku. Their marginalization and isolation within society as a whole remains a veiled yet contested issue. Buraku studies, once largely ignored within Japan’s academia and by scholarly publishers, have developed considerably in the first decades of the twenty-first century, as the extensive bibliographies of both Japanese and English sources provided here clearly demonstrates. The authors of the present study published in Japanese in 2016 and translated here by the Oxford scholar Ian Neary, have been able to incorporate this most recent data. Because of its importance as the first Buraku history based on this new research, a wider readership was always the authors’ principal focus. Yet, it also provides a valuable source book for further study by those wishing to develop their knowledge about the subject from an informed base. This history of the Buraku communities and their antecedents is the first such study to be published in English.
3
Ellemers, Naomi, ed. World of Difference. Translated by Gioia Marini. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462984028.
Анотація:
Public debates tend to see social inequality as resulting from individual decisions people make, for instance with respect to their education or lifestyle. Solutions are often sought in supporting individuals to make better choices. This neglects the importance of social groups and communities in determining individual outcomes. A moral perspective on social inequality questions the fairness of insisting on individual responsibilities, when members of some groups systematically receive fewer opportunities than others. The essays in this book have been prepared by experts from different disciplines, ranging from philosophy to engineering, and from economics to epidemiology. On the basis of recent scientific insights, World of Difference examines how group memberships impact on individual outcomes in four key domains: health, education and work, migration, and the environment. This offers a new moral perspective on social inequality, which policy makers tend to neglect.
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Peirson, Ryan P., and Paulette Marie Gillig. Rural Communities. Edited by Hunter L. McQuistion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190610999.003.0024.
Анотація:
Rural environments provide many challenges and opportunities to psychiatrists and their patients. Although telemedicine is a growing option in some communities, access to mental health care remains difficult, compounded by transportation and other resource limitations. Although many technical aspects of community psychiatry are universal, particular attention must be paid to the special characteristics of rural settings, including boundary issues in close-knit communities, each of which may have a unique culture that a psychiatrist may need to learn to understand. Managing risks associated with substance use, particularly opioid dependence, and suicide risk can be more challenging in rural practice. Poverty and homelessness are also common problems. This chapter provides expertise on best practices to address these challenges, encouraging psychiatrists to consider the potential rewards of rural practice.
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Fagan, Abigail A., J. David Hawkins, David P. Farrington, and Richard F. Catalano. Communities that Care. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190299217.001.0001.
Анотація:
Evidence-based, prevention-oriented, and community-driven approaches are advocated to improve public health and reduce youth behavior problems, but there are few effective models for doing so. This book advances knowledge about this topic by describing the conditions and actions necessary for effective community-based prevention. The chapters review the ways in which communities can promote readiness to engage in prevention among local stakeholders; build and maintain diverse, well-functioning prevention coalitions; conduct local needs and resource assessments; collectively decide on prevention priorities; select evidence-based interventions that are a good fit with prioritized community needs, resources, and context; and implement evidence-based interventions (EBIs) with fidelity and sustain them over time. The Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system is described in detail to illustrate effective community-based prevention. CTC is a coalition-based prevention system shown to promote healthy youth development and reduce youth behavior problems community wide. It does so by assisting communities to: (1) increase awareness of and support for EBIs; (2) encourage positive interactions between community residents and youth; (3) conduct local needs assessments and collectively decide on priorities to target with EBIs; (4) implement EBIs that are matched to prioritized needs; and (5) ensure that EBIs are coordinated across community organizations, implemented with fidelity, widely disseminated, and evaluated. The book describes the development and evaluation of the CTC system, including how its developers used community-based participatory research to ensure that CTC could be feasibly implemented and employed rigorous research methods to assess the degree to which use of the system reduced adolescent behavior problems.
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Edirippulige, Sisira, Matthew Bambling, and Pablo Fernandez. Telemental Health Services for Indigenous Communities in Australia. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190622725.003.0009.
Анотація:
Telemental health has been recognized as one of the key methods to closing disparities in health indices in the indigenous Australian populations. The conditions in which Australia’s indigenous communities are presently living have also been equated with parts of the world with limited resources. There is a rationale for exploring opportunities for using telemental health and study its effectiveness in this population This chapter discusses the high burden of mental health disorder among the indigenous population, the telemental health initiative to provide mental health services for these isolated communities, and the impact of these initiative on the wellbeing of the recipients. Chapter concludes with barriers to provide these services and potential solutions in the Australian context.
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Chan, Emily Ying Yang. Issues in rural health and key messages for health and disaster risk reduction education programmes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198807179.003.0007.
Анотація:
A healthy community should have a safe and hygienic environment, with access to basic well-being maintaining facilities and services. Key messages for education programmes related to water management, indoor environment, waste management, health promoting behaviour, and disaster health risk reduction are presented in this chapter. It also aims to share some common health communication and education that might be useful to improve bottom-up resilience for health and disaster health risk reduction in rural communities. Examples from the Ethnic Minority Health Project will also be employed to illustrate how bottom-up resilience towards health and disaster risk in these rural communities might be established.
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Nicolini, Davide, Harry Scarbrough, and Julia Gracheva. Communities of Practice and Situated Learning in Health Care. Edited by Ewan Ferlie, Kathleen Montgomery, and Anne Reff Pedersen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198705109.013.20.
Анотація:
In this chapter we examine the origins, nature and practical implications of the idea of “community of practice”. We argue that the concept has been used both to illuminate the challenges of creating a “learning culture” in health care and to establish initiatives promote knowledge transfer and sharing. After clarifying some of the key concepts under discussion, the chapter illustrates the general features of this broad family of interventions, discusses their characteristics and summarizes their key success factors. It also shows how the ideas of community of practice and situated learning have been applied in diverse ways by health care organizations and funders, how theses ways of knowing and learning have been inserted into the established institutional order, and the mixed, but sometimes promising, outcomes which have flowed from them.
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Gant, Larry M. Helping Communities Design Governance Structures. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190463311.003.0009.
Анотація:
Abstract: This chapter reviews the bylaws written by six community governance boards taking part in Good Neighborhoods, a comprehensive community initiative concerned with improving the health and well-being of children and youth living in Detroit. A policy review of bylaws suggested that the bylaws are predominantly characteristic of a community-building model of community organizing, with some elements of a power-based model of community organizing. Technical assistance providers can provide technical assistance based on their experience working with boards and their perceptions of board assets and needs. However, a more effective approach might be one in which technical assistance providers develop technical assistance activities and content in collaboration with board feedback. The use of program documentation, such as bylaws, can aid in developing conceptually based technical assistance.
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Walker, J., and DJ Reuter. Indicators of Catchment Health. CSIRO Publishing, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643105058.
Анотація:
The primary focus is to provide landholders, catchment groups, catchment and land protection boards, and rural communities with the best tools that science has so far developed for benchmarking and monitoring the condition of the land and water resources in the catchments. A diverse range of potential indicators has been reviewed and the most appropriate suite of indicators assembled to aid this focus. The proposed indicators cover farm productivity and financial performance, product quality, soil health, water quality and landscape integrity.
Частини книг з теми "Bee communities health":
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Maundu, Patrick, and Yasuyuki Morimoto. "Safeguarding the Biodiversity Associated with Local Foodways in Traditionally Managed Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes in Kenya." In Biodiversity-Health-Sustainability Nexus in Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS), 199–225. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9893-4_10.
Анотація:
AbstractTraditionally managed socio-ecological production landscapes (SEPLs) provide communities with a range of goods and services vital for livelihoods, including nutrition and health. In Kenya, many of these landscapes, encompassing the resources therein and the indigenous knowledge vital for optimising their value, are now under threat.Utilising diverse traditional foods for the benefit of local communities has often been hampered by insufficient knowledge about the foods and negative attitudes towards them. For over two decades, a team from the National Museums of Kenya, Bioversity International, and their partners has been working with local communities to find out how local food resources can contribute more to community livelihoods, especially with regard to nutrition, health, and income. Understanding local food systems is a vital step. The team developed a methodology for involving local communities, and the youth in particular, to inventory their foodways. The documentation opened opportunities for research and development interventions. This chapter highlights three development and conservation case studies founded on foodways documentation: (1) promoting African leafy vegetables in Kenya; (2) safeguarding kitete (bottle gourd) by Kyanika Women’s Group in Kitui, Kenya; and (3) utilising digital technology to educate consumers about healthy eating using local foods.All cases have shown that converting underutilised local foods into main sources of nutrition and income opportunities, as well as conserving these foods in their environment, requires foodways documentation, community participation, and multi-stakeholder and multidisciplinary collaboration. Awareness on the nutritional and health benefits of local foods was a key incentive for their conservation and a catalyst for the change in attitudes and eating habits.
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Downer, Martin C. "The role of oral health promotion in oral health policy." In Oral Health Promotion, 121–44. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192620033.003.0005.
Анотація:
Abstract Policy is a plan for action adopted or pursued by an individual, government, political party, commercial enterprise, or any other organization. The nub of the definition is ‘plan for action’ and this implies action towards a specified objective or goal. In many places in the world examples may be found of governments, professional organizations, or other groups prescribing broad aims for their communities’ dental services or adopting goals for oral health. In those countries where health care and related systems are most highly developed, action towards these goals is generally supported by a strong statutory framework. Nevertheless, while some countries have a long history of slow and gradual development of their dental services underpinned by networks of laws and regulations, health promotion has been included in oral health and related legislation only relatively recently. In countries at the opposite end of the spectrum health promotional activities, where they exist, have arisen haphazardly mostly from the initiative of local authorities or professional groups. These countries have not yet come to rely on formal legislation.
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Bauer, Georg F. "Salutogenesis in Health Promoting Settings: A Synthesis Across Organizations, Communities, and Environments." In The Handbook of Salutogenesis, 277–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79515-3_27.
Анотація:
AbstractSettings are defined by the World Health Organization (1998) as “the place or social context in which people engage in daily activities in which environmental, organizational, and personal factors interact to affect health and well-being.” Such settings range from small-scale home/family to (international) organizations and large cities and thus differ in size, in their degree of formalized organization and their relationships to society.The chapters in Part V review how salutogenesis has been applied to health promotion research and practice in a broad range of settings: organizations in general, schools, higher education, workplace, military settings, neighborhood/communities, cities, and restorative environments. The following synthesis demonstrates that applying salutogenesis to various settings and linking salutogenesis with other models established in these settings has the great potential to generate ideas on how to advance the general salutogenic model.
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Kaur, Sharon, and Phaik Yeong Cheah. "Ethical Issues Associated with Managing and Sharing Individual-Level Health Data." In Public Health Ethics Analysis, 131–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41804-4_7.
Анотація:
AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the generation of an unprecedented and exponentially mounting volume of data, including individual-level health data, bringing into sharp focus the importance of thinking about what constitutes ethical use of data in a public health emergency. The timely and appropriate use of such data (e.g. data from public health surveillance, electronic health records and research projects) has great potential to contribute to successful public health policies, effective therapeutic interventions and enhanced public support for, and trust in, governmental responses to the pandemic. However, a number of ethical issues arise from the use of different kinds of data, and the ways in which they are collected, processed and shared in the context of research during a pandemic. Two broad principles are generally associated with managing and sharing health data in research: first, that researchers should ensure research is carried out in a way that is respectful of persons and communities; and second, that the research is carried out in a manner that is fair to stakeholders, i.e. that it promotes equity. These should also remain the foundational principles of data sharing during a public health emergency. The principle of respect for persons and communities requires careful attention to be paid to consent processes for data sharing, justifications for waiving consent and approaches to protecting privacy and confidentiality. The promotion of equity prompts consideration of how the needs of differing stakeholders in data sharing are recognised and balanced, including appropriate forms of recognition for data sharers, and fair benefit sharing with the individuals and communities data have been collected from. The cases in this chapter illustrate issues arising when populations contribute data to a symptom-checker app, when heightened concerns arise raised about privacy and confidentiality in the context of collecting data about individuals who are potentially easily identifiable by their demographic characteristics, when very sensitive data is collected, and when a waiver of consent to access survey data is requested to enable potential participants of a study to be identified and contacted.
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van Roosmalen, Marc. "The Community Relations Model (CoRe): An Integrated Systems Response to Early Mental Health Support for Children and Families in Communities." In Palgrave Texts in Counselling and Psychotherapy, 167–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38111-9_10.
Анотація:
AbstractMental health has traditionally followed a medical illness or deficit model, where distress is individualized and treatment is subsequently aimed at individual children and families. Studies of the incidence of child mental health problems across Europe, United States and the United Kingdom (UK) all identified a significant upward trend in prevalence over the last decade. In the UK, resources have been allocated to the development of child mental health services. One priority area has been the development of preventative mental health services within schools. This chapter argues that a rethink is required in order to respond effectively to the significant increase in mental health need and that the current model does not provide an adequate response. This chapter proposes a relational model, one that works systemically with partners and communities, as opposed to a singular expansion in the provision of individualized treatment. It reimages the construct of mental health using a broad evidence base and then develops service provision from this foundation. This creates a wider community resource base to address mental distress in our society and enables mental health practitioners and organizations to have a wider systemic impact on children, young people and families.
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Mata, Holly, Kristen Hernández Ortega, and Aditi Srivistav Bussells. "Advocating for Health Equity." In Be the Change, C8—C8.2.P5. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197570890.003.0008.
Анотація:
Abstract This chapter invites advocates to take a deeper look at equity in all health policies and address systemic racism and problems rooted in policy or advocacy work. It addresses how public health practitioners and community members are improving environments in which we live, learn, work, play, and pray by advocating for health equity. Cultural competency is foundational to the work in public health and is a skill grounded in cultural humility. The chapter takes a strong lead on providing the next generation of leaders with the strategies to address health inequities while keeping individuals and communities at the forefront of advocacy initiatives.
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Kral, Michael J. "Communities Making a Difference." In The Return of the Sun, 113–42. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190269333.003.0005.
Анотація:
This chapter discusses how health and well-being have been delivered and managed in the Canadian Arctic, and how delivery and management have moved from the federal to territorial government. The chapter presents what two Inuit communities have done themselves for suicide prevention. Rather than employing evidence-based, Western approaches to suicide prevention in the Arctic that have not worked, when Inuit communities design and operate their own suicide prevention activities and programs, they are effective. Indigenous community control over health and mental health activities and programs has been central to their success. This is a form of collective agency and efficacy. In the primary community of focus, it was youth who designed and managed suicide prevention. These youth are examined in detail.
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Wessen, Albert F., Antony Hooper, Judith Huntsman, Ian A. M. Prior, and Clare E. Salmond. "The migrants and their communities." In Migration and Health in a Small Society, 104–43. Oxford University PressOxford, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198542629.003.0007.
Анотація:
Abstract The Tokelau District Officer in Apia, Western Samoa, noted in June 1963 that 54 Tokelauans had departed from Apia for New Zealand since the previous January. Fourteen of these had been sponsored in some way, but the other forty had gone independently, following Tokelauans who had migrated to New Zealand during the four previous years. Unsponsored migrants preceded those who were sponsored, and certainly have consistently outnumbered them. However, simply to dichotomize migrants as unsponsored or sponsored masks differences within each category and overlooks similarities between the two. A more refined classification is required, taking into account patterns of migration which changed over time. Before describing the history of Tokelauan migration, however, one must deal with issues of definition. Who is a Tokelauan migrant?
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Braveman, Paula. "Healthy and Unhealthy Places." In The Social Determinants of Health and Health Disparities, C7–204. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190624118.003.0007.
Анотація:
Abstract This chapter examines the links between neighborhoods, health, and health disparities. Considerable evidence shows that physical and social features of the places where people live can directly or indirectly affect the health of the people living in them. For example, levels of air pollution vary across different neighborhoods, as do the quality of schools and the presence of employment opportunities, all of which influence health; and walkability and the density of stores selling tobacco and alcohol can influence behaviors that strongly influence health. Health is also affected by neighborhood social environments; for example, close-knit communities have lower rates of violent crime and youth engaging in health-damaging behaviors. Racism, particularly systemic or structural racism, has been and continues to be a major factor determining who has the opportunity to live in health-promoting places. For example, hazardous waste disposal sites and other environmental hazards (e.g., sources of air and water pollution) have disproportionately been located in or near low-income communities of color. In communities of color, neighborhood schools have been underresourced, largely because schools rely heavily on local property taxes and discriminatory lending practices have restricted opportunities to accumulate wealth; inferior schooling has lifelong consequences for health. Reflecting racism, even among families with similar incomes, Blacks and Latinos/Hispanics live in more economically disadvantaged neighborhoods than Whites. Initiatives to make neighborhoods more healthy and equitable are discussed in this chapter.
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Narayanan, Vasudha. "Casting Light on the Sounds of the Tamil Veda Tirukkō nēri Dāsyai’s “Garland of Words”." In Jewels of Authority, 122–36. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195134780.003.0007.
Анотація:
Abstract The right of a woman to recite and study the Veda has been disputed in many Hindu communities. In August 1994, Jagatguru Shankaracharya Kapileswaranand Saraswati is reported to have said that the recitation of Vedas by women will adversely affect their health and prevent them from having healthy babies.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Bee communities health":
1
ALAMPALLI, SANDEEP, KAVEH MALEK, ALI MOHAMMADKHORASANI, and FERNANDO MOREU. "LOW-COST EFFICIENT WIRELESS INTELLIGENT SENSOR (LEWIS) DEPLOYMENT FOR COMMUNITY DRIVEN DECISION MAKING." In Structural Health Monitoring 2023. Destech Publications, Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/shm2023/36747.
Анотація:
There have been several advances in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) throughout the last two decades. Among these advances is that sensors and data acquisition have become smaller in size while wireless technologies have been making wireless communication and data accessing easier. These advances create cost effective sensing solutions for communities where flooding and wildfires put their members and infrastructure at risk. Therefore, with higher community involvement in understanding and utilizing new sensing technologies, there is more to be gained in preparing for and mitigating the effects of natural hazards. Low-cost easily deployable sensors will make sensor technology more popular and easier for communities to utilize and give them the ability to make decisions during natural hazards. LEWIS, a Low-cost Efficient Wireless Intelligent Sensor platform, is created by the Smart Management of Infrastructure Laboratory (SMILab) at the University of New Mexico (UNM) at Albuquerque for such a purpose: to give communities the ability to create innovative monitoring solutions, including combating climate change. This paper briefly discusses the LEWIS platform, their use for communities to combat natural hazards to make quick decisions to improve public safety, training and education components, and community (from student to industry professional) engagement efforts.
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KLEINMANN, MATTHEW. "Community Health Design: A Collaborative Framework for Improving Public Health Outcomes." In 2021 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference. ACSA Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.inter.21.27.
Анотація:
The COVID-19 global pandemic has brought to light how public health outcomes are partially determined by governance and access to resources. In historically redlined communities, however, the availability and quality of neighborhood parks and grocery stores has been eroded by generations of disinvestment, leaving residents isolated as they work to build a healthier community. This paper shares the experiences of two community-led initiatives in Wyandotte County, Kansas, that have used community health design in collaborative settings to promote tangible improvements to green spaces and food systems during the pandemic.Both community health design case studies give context for how designers can reframe their methods of participation and collaboration and put them in service to community members who are closest to the issues being designed for. Building upon historical methods of participatory design, socially conscious designers can adopt principles of community engagement from public health practitioners and apply innovative research methods throughout the design process. The theories, processes, and outcomes of community health design illustrate a framework of participatory decision- making where designers can find common ground with the communities they serve.Though the pandemic did not introduce these conditions – park and food apartheids are symptomatic of a multi-generational epidemic of racism – this moment has highlighted the need for new ways of collaboration to address environ- mental health disparities. A framework of community health design is possible through the translation of community voices into a shared vision, designing governance structures to build community power, and turning design tools over to communities to define and achieve their desired publichealth outcomes.
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Lee, Seong W., Shijun Zhu, Yun Liu, Jian Hua, Levi Limpscomb, and Melvin McLaughlin. "The Efficient Biomass Waste Incineration Using Advanced FBC Technology." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-116.
Анотація:
A Swirling Fluidized Bed Cambustor (SFBC) hot model with the exhaust gas cleaning equipment was carefully designed and fabricated in this paper. The systematic airflow test was conducted to check the air subsystem connection leaking, control valve, the flow rate and pressure. The air subsystem is adjusted and updated based on the result of the system test. Series fuel combustion experiments were conducted at the different biomass fuels. The overall heat transfer rate and combustion efficiency were calculated. The swirling fluidized bed combustion system burned low heat value biomass (chicken litter) at the relatively high combustion efficiency with low NOx and SOx emissions. The overall heat recovery efficiency is about 45–65%. The combustion efficiency can reach 92% while the sawdust was burned in this waste disposal system. The results indicate that the swirling fluidized bed combustion waste disposal system has a prospect in burning the extra chicken litter in the chicken farm communities with very low emission.
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Harrison, Sally. "Tactical Urbanism Where it Matters: How Small Scale Spatial Practice Can Catalyze Change in Underserved Communities." In 2016 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2016.39.
Анотація:
Small scale spatial interventions that bring vibrancy to city life have been a preoccupation of designers in recent years. While creative actions have focused on the almost-healthy environment, what of those communities perennially underserved, and whose problems of poverty, crime, health and environmental decay are more complex and challenging? Through several case studies, this paper examines a new direction for the spatial practice known as “tactical urbanism,” and suggests that it might catalyze change in distressed communities if undertaken with careful consideration of multiple systems that form these contexts. Design collaborations, cooperative research and willingness to expand the temporal frame of a project can help to catalyze institutional growth and neighborhood stability.
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Zurc, Joca. "Health Education within the Curricula of Preschool Teacher Education: Comparative Pedagogical Study among Slovenian Universities." In Savremeno predškolsko vaspitanje i obrazovanje – tendencije, izazovi i mogućnosti. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Edaucatin in Uzice, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/spvo23.217z.
Анотація:
A healthy lifestyle, especially regular physical activity, has been shown to be a significant predictor of a childʼs health and academic success throughout the lifespan. The early years of childhood are crucial in developing a healthy lifestyle. Positive effects can be achieved with planned and organized health education in kindergartens as one of the central communities that reach most preschool children and their families. In this paper, we studied health education from the perspective of the curricula of preschool teacher education. A comparative pedagogical study was designed to investigate the characteristics of health education in the university curricula of prospective preschool teachers in Slovenia. The findings showed that students encounter health education to a greater extent during their undergraduate studies. Physical activity seems to be the most prevalent among the topics. However, future studies are needed to fully evaluate the role and potential of health education in the curricula of preschool teachers.
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Aleksandrov, Sergey, Sergey Aleksandrov, Julia Gorbunova, and Julia Gorbunova. "CLIMATE CHANGE: HOW DOES THIS INFLUENCE ON ECOSYSTEM HEALTH IN THE LAGOON OF THE BALTIC SEA?" In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93942cc882.47943475.
Анотація:
Lagoons are one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to impacts of natural environmental and anthropogenic factors. The Curonian and Vistula Lagoons are one of the largest lagoons of Europe. The Curonian Lagoon is choke mostly freshwater, while the Vistula Lagoon is restricted brackish water. Hydrological, chemical and biological researches were carried out monthly since 1991 to 2014. Reductions of nutrients loading in 1990s did not result in improvement of the ecological situation. Hydrological and chemical parameters are the main factors that influence on the algal blooms and ecosystem health in these lagoons. The Curonian Lagoon may be characterized as hypertrophic water body with "poor" water quality. Climate change in 1990s-2010s combined with other factors (freshwater, slow-flow exchange, high nutrients concentrations) creates conditions for Cyanobacteria “hyperblooms”. Harmful algal blooms result in deterioration of the water chemical parameters and death of fish. "Hyperblooms" is the most dangerous for coastal towns and tourist resorts (UNESCO National Park "Curonian Spit"). Climate change in 1990s-2000s have been also observed in Vistula Lagoons (mean annual temperature increased by 1.4°C for 40 years), but brackish water prevent harmful algal hyperblooms. After the invasion of the filter-feeding mollusk Rangia water quality was significantly improved in 2011-2014, but ecosystem productivity remained at a stable long-term level.
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Aleksandrov, Sergey, Sergey Aleksandrov, Julia Gorbunova, and Julia Gorbunova. "CLIMATE CHANGE: HOW DOES THIS INFLUENCE ON ECOSYSTEM HEALTH IN THE LAGOON OF THE BALTIC SEA?" In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4316a72251.
Анотація:
Lagoons are one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to impacts of natural environmental and anthropogenic factors. The Curonian and Vistula Lagoons are one of the largest lagoons of Europe. The Curonian Lagoon is choke mostly freshwater, while the Vistula Lagoon is restricted brackish water. Hydrological, chemical and biological researches were carried out monthly since 1991 to 2014. Reductions of nutrients loading in 1990s did not result in improvement of the ecological situation. Hydrological and chemical parameters are the main factors that influence on the algal blooms and ecosystem health in these lagoons. The Curonian Lagoon may be characterized as hypertrophic water body with "poor" water quality. Climate change in 1990s-2010s combined with other factors (freshwater, slow-flow exchange, high nutrients concentrations) creates conditions for Cyanobacteria “hyperblooms”. Harmful algal blooms result in deterioration of the water chemical parameters and death of fish. "Hyperblooms" is the most dangerous for coastal towns and tourist resorts (UNESCO National Park "Curonian Spit"). Climate change in 1990s-2000s have been also observed in Vistula Lagoons (mean annual temperature increased by 1.4°C for 40 years), but brackish water prevent harmful algal hyperblooms. After the invasion of the filter-feeding mollusk Rangia water quality was significantly improved in 2011-2014, but ecosystem productivity remained at a stable long-term level.
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Fernández, Carrasco Pedro, Carrasco Pedro Fernández, Nawel Khelil, Nawel Khelil, Rachid Bninha, and Rachid Bninha. "COASTAL ESSAOUIRA DEVELOPMENT FAIR TRADE PROJECT. MOROCCO." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93720ce3b6.46377074.
Анотація:
The city of Essaouira on the Atlantic Coast of Morocco is actively searching for an important change in its economic model, traditionally based on artisanal fisheries and tourism since the sixties of the past century. The circumstances of Morocco, such as the high dependence of import for energy needs (fuel and gas), low development of infrastructures and population growth, have generated in 2014 the opportunity of cooperation between the Commerce Chamber of Essaouira [1] and the research study group, headed by Professor Dr. Pedro Fernández, from Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. A cooperation agreement has been signed on the 15th October 2014. Within this agreement several activities have been implemented. Among them, 5 research projects [2] have been developed during 2015: Study of a New Bus Station Terminal, Creativity Entrepreneur Area (Dermocosmetics industry, agro bio organic market, Renewable Energy, Wood artisanal and Fair Fashion), Viability of Wave Energy Station, Harbor New uses, Offshore Wind Energy Farm. Here it is summarized the outcome of these researches, measured in terms of invest needed and benefits generated, in terms of active participation of people of Essaouira, new activities and companies generated, and profits potentially gained in a short and long term under sustainable and respectful environmental, cultural and social behavior where fair trade, health, person to person business and less is more are the bones and the heart of all proposals.
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Fernández, Carrasco Pedro, Carrasco Pedro Fernández, Nawel Khelil, Nawel Khelil, Rachid Bninha, and Rachid Bninha. "COASTAL ESSAOUIRA DEVELOPMENT FAIR TRADE PROJECT. MOROCCO." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b431532eece.
Анотація:
The city of Essaouira on the Atlantic Coast of Morocco is actively searching for an important change in its economic model, traditionally based on artisanal fisheries and tourism since the sixties of the past century. The circumstances of Morocco, such as the high dependence of import for energy needs (fuel and gas), low development of infrastructures and population growth, have generated in 2014 the opportunity of cooperation between the Commerce Chamber of Essaouira [1] and the research study group, headed by Professor Dr. Pedro Fernández, from Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. A cooperation agreement has been signed on the 15th October 2014. Within this agreement several activities have been implemented. Among them, 5 research projects [2] have been developed during 2015: Study of a New Bus Station Terminal, Creativity Entrepreneur Area (Dermocosmetics industry, agro bio organic market, Renewable Energy, Wood artisanal and Fair Fashion), Viability of Wave Energy Station, Harbor New uses, Offshore Wind Energy Farm. Here it is summarized the outcome of these researches, measured in terms of invest needed and benefits generated, in terms of active participation of people of Essaouira, new activities and companies generated, and profits potentially gained in a short and long term under sustainable and respectful environmental, cultural and social behavior where fair trade, health, person to person business and less is more are the bones and the heart of all proposals.
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"PREVALENCE OF BACTERIAL AND PARASITIC URINARY TRACT INFECTION AMONG ASYMPTOMATIC FEMALES IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF OGBOMOSO." In International Conference on Public Health and Humanitarian Action. International Federation of Medical Students' Associations - Jordan, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56950/eklu3082.
Анотація:
Urinary tract infection is one of the most important infection causing serious diseases in tropical and sub- tropical countries of Africa. Several factors have been associated with the high prevalence of urinary tract infections in Nigeria. This study was carried out to determine the urinary tract infection status among two hundred and forty (240) asymptomatic females over a period of six weeks (March to April 2022) among 240 females between the 20-50 years of age at Iluju and Saamo village, Ogbomoso, Oyo state, Nigeria. Two hundred and forty urine samples were collected from the females. The mid- stream urine samples collected were examined microscopically for the presence of parasites, after which they were cultured, biochemical findings and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were also carried out. Out of the 240 samples, only 1(0.4%) was found positive for parasitic infection. 34(14.2%) were found to harbour Escherichia coli, 18(7.5%) were positive for Proteus mirabilis, 8(3.3%) were infected by Klebsiella pneumonia, 45(18.8%) had Staphylococcus aureus. Prevalence was found to be higher in women of reproductive age 21-25years (78%) than women above 40years (10.5%). The antimicrobial suspectibility profile indicates that the fluoroquinlonones were the most active antibacterial agents followed by the aminoglycosides. Trimethorim, oxacillim, amoxicillin showed very poor activity. This may be due to long term use of these drugs. The socio- economic status as well as the hygiene practice of the women influence the prevalence of urinary tract infections. Most of the women 134(55.8%) were aware about Urinary tract infection and 106 (44.2%) were unaware. Thus, the high infection rate among asymptomatic females in these villages were due to poor hygiene, lack of good toilet facilities and poor socio- economic status. Keywords: Bacterial, Parasitic, Rural, Ogbomoso, Females, hygiene
Звіти організацій з теми "Bee communities health":
1
McEntee, Alice, Sonia Hines, Joshua Trigg, Kate Fairweather, Ashleigh Guillaumier, Jane Fischer, Billie Bonevski, James A. Smith, Carlene Wilson, and Jacqueline Bowden. Tobacco cessation in CALD communities. The Sax Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/sneg4189.
Анотація:
Background Australia is a multi-cultural society with increasing rates of people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. On average, CALD groups have higher rates of tobacco use, lower participation in cancer screening programs, and poorer health outcomes than the general Australian population. Lower cancer screening and smoking cessation rates are due to differing cultural norms, health-related attitudes, and beliefs, and language barriers. Interventions can help address these potential barriers and increase tobacco cessation and cancer screening rates among CALD groups. Cancer Council NSW (CCNSW) aims to reduce the impact of cancer and improve cancer outcomes for priority populations including CALD communities. In line with this objective, CCNSW commissioned this rapid review of interventions implemented in Australia and comparable countries. Review questions This review aimed to address the following specific questions: Question 1 (Q1): What smoking cessation interventions have been proven effective in reducing or preventing smoking among culturally and linguistically diverse communities? Question 2 (Q2): What screening interventions have proven effective in increasing participation in population cancer screening programs among culturally and linguistically diverse populations? This review focused on Chinese-, Vietnamese- and Arabic-speaking people as they are the largest CALD groups in Australia and have high rates of tobacco use and poor screening adherence in NSW. Summary of methods An extensive search of peer-reviewed and grey literature published between January 2013-March 2022 identified 19 eligible studies for inclusion in the Q1 review and 49 studies for the Q2 review. The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Levels of Evidence and Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess the robustness and quality of the included studies, respectively. Key findings Findings are reported by components of an intervention overall and for each CALD group. By understanding the effectiveness of individual components, results will demonstrate key building blocks of an effective intervention. Question 1: What smoking cessation interventions have been proven effective in reducing or preventing smoking among culturally and linguistically diverse communities? Thirteen of the 19 studies were Level IV (L4) evidence, four were Level III (L3), one was Level II (L2), none were L1 (highest level of evidence) and one study’s evidence level was unable to be determined. The quality of included studies varied. Fifteen tobacco cessation intervention components were included, with most interventions involving at least three components (range 2-6). Written information (14 studies), and education sessions (10 studies) were the most common components included in an intervention. Eight of the 15 intervention components explored had promising evidence for use with Chinese-speaking participants (written information, education sessions, visual information, counselling, involving a family member or friend, nicotine replacement therapy, branded merchandise, and mobile messaging). Another two components (media campaign and telephone follow-up) had evidence aggregated across CALD groups (i.e., results for Chinese-speaking participants were combined with other CALD group(s)). No intervention component was deemed of sufficient evidence for use with Vietnamese-speaking participants and four intervention components had aggregated evidence (written information, education sessions, counselling, nicotine replacement therapy). Counselling was the only intervention component to have promising evidence for use with Arabic-speaking participants and one had mixed evidence (written information). Question 2: What screening interventions have proven effective in increasing participation in population cancer screening programs among culturally and linguistically diverse populations? Two of the 49 studies were Level I (L1) evidence, 13 L2, seven L3, 25 L4 and two studies’ level of evidence was unable to be determined. Eighteen intervention components were assessed with most interventions involving 3-4 components (range 1-6). Education sessions (32 studies), written information (23 studies) and patient navigation (10 studies) were the most common components. Seven of the 18 cancer screening intervention components had promising evidence to support their use with Vietnamese-speaking participants (education sessions, written information, patient navigation, visual information, peer/community health worker, counselling, and peer experience). The component, opportunity to be screened (e.g. mailed or handed a bowel screening test), had aggregated evidence regarding its use with Vietnamese-speaking participants. Seven intervention components (education session, written information, visual information, peer/community health worker, opportunity to be screened, counselling, and branded merchandise) also had promising evidence to support their use with Chinese-speaking participants whilst two components had mixed (patient navigation) or aggregated (media campaign) evidence. One intervention component for use with Arabic-speaking participants had promising evidence to support its use (opportunity to be screened) and eight intervention components had mixed or aggregated support (education sessions, written information, patient navigation, visual information, peer/community health worker, peer experience, media campaign, and anatomical models). Gaps in the evidence There were four noteworthy gaps in the evidence: 1. No systematic review was captured for Q1, and only two studies were randomised controlled trials. Much of the evidence is therefore based on lower level study designs, with risk of bias. 2. Many studies provided inadequate detail regarding their intervention design which impacts both the quality appraisal and how mixed finding results can be interpreted. 3. Several intervention components were found to have supportive evidence available only at the aggregate level. Further research is warranted to determine the interventions effectiveness with the individual CALD participant group only. 4. The evidence regarding the effectiveness of certain intervention components were either unknown (no studies) or insufficient (only one study) across CALD groups. This was the predominately the case for Arabic-speaking participants for both Q1 and Q2, and for Vietnamese-speaking participants for Q1. Further research is therefore warranted. Applicability Most of the intervention components included in this review are applicable for use in the Australian context, and NSW specifically. However, intervention components assessed as having insufficient, mixed, or no evidence require further research. Cancer screening and tobacco cessation interventions targeting Chinese-speaking participants were more common and therefore showed more evidence of effectiveness for the intervention components explored. There was support for cancer screening intervention components targeting Vietnamese-speaking participants but not for tobacco cessation interventions. There were few interventions implemented for Arabic-speaking participants that addressed tobacco cessation and screening adherence. Much of the evidence for Vietnamese and Arabic-speaking participants was further limited by studies co-recruiting multiple CALD groups and reporting aggregate results. Conclusion There is sound evidence for use of a range of intervention components to address tobacco cessation and cancer screening adherence among Chinese-speaking populations, and cancer screening adherence among Vietnamese-speaking populations. Evidence is lacking regarding the effectiveness of tobacco cessation interventions with Vietnamese- and Arabic-speaking participants, and cancer screening interventions for Arabic-speaking participants. More research is required to determine whether components considered effective for use in one CALD group are applicable to other CALD populations.
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Barasa, Violet, and Linda Waldman. Exploring the Intersection of Sanitation, Hygiene, Water, and Health in Pastoralist Communities in Northern Tanzania. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.004.
Анотація:
This paper explores access to water, sanitation, and health in pastoral communities in northern Tanzania. It argues that the concept of gender, used on its own, is not enough to understand the complexities of sanitation, hygiene, water, and health. It explores pastoralists’ views and perspectives on what is ‘clean’, ‘safe’, and ‘healthy’, and their need to access water and create sanitary arrangements that work for them, given the absence of state provision of modern water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure. Although Tanzania is committed to enhancing its citizens’ access to WASH services, pastoral sanitation and hygiene tend to be overlooked and little attention is paid to complex ways in which access to ‘clean’ water and ‘adequate sanitation’ is structured in these communities. This paper offers an intersectional analysis of water and sanitation needs, showing how structural discrimination in the form of a lack of appropriate infrastructure, a range of sociocultural norms and values, and individual stratifiers interact to influence the sanitation and health needs of pastoralist men, women, boys, and girls.
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Coelho Resende, Noelle, Renata Weber, Jardel Fischer Loeck, Mathias Vaiano Glens, Carolina Gomes, Priscila Farfan Barroso, Janine Targino, Emerson Elias Merhy, Leandro Dominguez Barretto, and Carly Machado. Working Paper Series: Therapeutic Communities in Brazil. Edited by Taniele Rui and Fiore Mauricio. Drugs, Security and Democracy Program, Social Science Research Council, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35650/ssrc.2081.d.2021.
Анотація:
Spread across Brazil and attaining an unparalleled political force, therapeutic communities are as inescapable in the debate on drug policy as they are complex to define. Although they are not a Brazilian creation, they have been operating in that country for decades, and their dissemination intensified in the 1990s. In 2011, they were officially incorporated into Brazil's Psychosocial Care Network (Rede de Atenção Psicossocial, or RAPS). Since then, therapeutic communities have been at the center of public debates about their regulation; about how they should—or even if they should—be a part of the healthcare system; about the level of supervision to which they should be submitted; about their sources of funding, particularly whether or not they should have access to public funding; and, most importantly, about the quality of the services they offer and the many reports of rights violation that have been made public. However, a well-informed public debate can only flourish if the available information is based on sound evidence. The SSRC’s Drugs, Security and Democracy Program is concerned with the policy relevance of the research projects it supports, and the debate around therapeutic communities in Brazil points to a clear need for impartial research that addresses different cross-cutting aspects of this topic in its various dimensions: legal, regulatory, health, and observance of human rights, among others. It is in this context that we publish this working paper series on therapeutic communities in Brazil. The eight articles that compose this series offer a multidisciplinary view of the topic, expanding and deepening the existing literature and offering powerful contributions to a substantive analysis of therapeutic communities as instruments of public policy. Although they can be read separately, it is as a whole that the strength of the eight articles that make up this series becomes more evident. Even though they offer different perspectives, they are complementary works in—and already essential for—delineating and understanding the phenomenon of therapeutic communities in Brazil.
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Bonnett, Michaela, Meaghan Kennedy, Odiraa Okala, and Teri Garstka. Precision Public Health: Empowering Communities with Hyperlocal Data for Targeted Interventions and Improved Outcomes. Orange Sparkle Ball, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61152/sktq6431.
Анотація:
Background Precision public health is an effective strategy for reaching the last mile in service delivery, but is frequently hampered by its dependence on unattainable data standards and the non-transferability of the solutions designed. This paper proposes a five-part system involving 1) dynamic data governance, 2) hyperlocal community data, 3) data synthesis and analysis, 4) the design and implementation of precision interventions, and 5) correlation between community data and traditional outcome data. Recent studies of community network data have found the connectedness of communities to be positively correlated with community social and environmental outcomes. Taking advantage of hyperlocal community data is therefore a promising approach to improve community outcomes by characterizing and optimizing for greater connectivity. Methods Collection and governance of hyper-local data that is community-owned can be accomplished through such transferable systems as IRIS, a community-led referral network originally designed for multi-sector social and healthcare organizations. Using this data, communities can identify precise areas of intervention through descriptive and network analysis techniques, and design a responsive, community-led intervention. Immersive Innovation Labs, an applied learning approach, is an effective methodology for the adaptive design of innovative precision interventions. This combination of approaches can empower communities and public health professionals. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic revealed the impact of chronic understaffing and skills gaps, particularly at the local level. This paper aims to broaden the definition of precision public health as a response, beyond the traditional application that is dependent on big, non-contextual data sources. Reframing precision public health to a methodology dependent on community-owned, ongoing data collection allows the design of hyper-local solutions while shifting the burden of scalability to data collection technology. While challenges in implementation remain, precision is necessary to make public health and communities more responsive and effective in delivering equitable health outcomes and reaching the last mile.
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Hood, Sula, Brittany Campbell, and Katie Baker. Culturally Informed Community Engagement: Implications for Inclusive Science and Health Equity. RTI Press, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2023.op.0083.2301.
Анотація:
Public health efforts seeking to reduce disparities and promote equity must be inclusive to reach their full potential. Interventions, programs, and initiatives designed to promote health equity among Communities of Color must be culturally informed. Communities and the cultural values and practices that shape them are closely intertwined, creating opportunities for a more intentional approach to community engagement. Yosso’s framework of Community Cultural Wealth (CCW) emphasizes six forms of capital that People and Communities of Color use to thrive and succeed: social, navigational, linguistic, familial, resistant, and aspirational. We anchor our approach—culturally informed community engagement—in the core tenets of CCW. This paper discusses CCW and its applicability and utility for facilitating culturally informed community engagement in health research. In our approach, asset-based frameworks intersect with community engagement, CCW, and principles of health equity. We discuss how applying CCW to conducting community-engaged research promotes health equity, inclusive science, and authentic relationships with community partners. Lastly, we provide applied examples of community-engaged interventions that leverage cultural assets in Communities of Color to reduce disparities and promote health equity.
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Palmer, Jennifer, and Diane Duclos. Key Considerations: Community-Based Surveillance in Public Health. Institute of Development Studies, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2023.010.
Анотація:
Recent large-scale epidemics and pandemics have demonstrated the importance of engaging communities as partners in preventing, detecting and responding to public health emergencies. Community-based surveillance (CBS), which relies on communities to report public health information, can be an important part of effective, inclusive and accountable responses to humanitarian and public health emergencies, as well as long-term disease control. This brief offers key considerations for CBS programming to guide policymakers, public health officials, civil society organisations, health workers, researchers, advocates, and others interested in health surveillance. It is based on a rapid review of CBS guidance and social science literature. It was written by Jennifer Palmer and Diane Duclos (both London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, LSHTM) with contributions by Mariam Sharif (École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, EHESS). It was reviewed by Ruwan Ratnayake (LSHTM), Maysoon Dahab (LSHTM) and Luisa Enria (LSHTM). This brief is the responsibility of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP).
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Bonnett, Michaela, Chimdi Ezeigwe, Meaghan Kennedy, and Teri Garstka. Using Social Network Analysis to Link Community Health and Network Strength. Orange Sparkle Ball, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61152/scsf6662.
Анотація:
Social network analysis (SNA) is a technique used to analyze social networks, whether it be composed of people, organizations, physical locations, or objects. It is being increasingly applied across a variety of sectors to gain insight into patterns of behavior and connectivity, the flow of information and behaviors, and to track and predict the effectiveness of interventions or programs. A key area associated with network strength using SNA is the health and wellness of individuals and communities. Both network strength and health and wellness are measured in many ways, which can obfuscate the association, so more consistency and further research is required. Despite this, the existing research using SNA to link characteristics of social networks to health and wellness find that stronger, more connected networks tend to be associated with better health outcomes. These results also present opportunities and insights for effective program implementation in response to disasters, to increase resilience, and to improve outcomes for individuals and communities.
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Sharif, Mariam, Rasha Ahmed, Diane Duclos, and Jennifer Palmer. Strengthening Health Information Surveillance: Implementing Community-Based Surveillance in Sudan. Institute of Development Studies, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2023.011.
Анотація:
This case study explores the 2018–22 implementation of a national community-based surveillance (CBS) programme in Sudan. The programme was designed to meet critical needs of the existing health surveillance system. It aimed to empower communities to detect and contain public health threats, improve relations between communities and their local health system, and involve villages in rural areas. Federal, state, and locality (district) staff attended CBS workshops before recruiting and training community volunteers. Over 8,000 volunteers across 11 states were recruited. The volunteers alerted staff to priority syndromes for communicable diseases as well as local events with public health implications (e.g., natural disasters, conflict-induced displacement, food insecurity). Lessons learnt can be used to increase understanding of large-scale CBS programmes and to identify opportunities to strengthen new and existing programmes. For more social science guidance on CBS, see our companion: Key Considerations: Community-Based Surveillance in Public Health.
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Taher, Raya, Farah Abu Safe, and Jean-Patrick Perrin. Not In My Backyard: The impact of waste disposal sites on communities in Jordan. Oxfam, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7734.
Анотація:
Waste disposal sites across Jordan pose serious risks to the environment and to public health if not managed safely. Municipal waste decomposing in open landfills also takes an environmental and socio-economic toll on neighbouring communities. While the Government of Jordan is planning to reduce the number of operational landfills and improve waste management services, persistent issues associated with unsustainable waste practices and their associated effects on the wellbeing of surrounding communities and the environment need to be addressed. Guaranteeing a sustainable waste management scheme for communities in Jordan should include increased consideration of the long-term effects that waste disposal sites have on neighbouring communities.
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Cothron, Annaliese, Jose Louro, Elizabeth Alpert, Don Clermont, and Valerie Nieto. The State of Veteran Oral Health in Iowa: Understanding Outcomes and Opportunities for Improving Oral Health and Well-Being for Iowa Veterans. American Institute of Dental Public Health, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58677/roll2812.
Анотація:
Oral health is critical to overall health and well-being. Unfortunately, marginalized, historically excluded, and underserved communities frequently bear a disproportionate burden of poor oral health due to social and political determinants of health. Veterans, in particular, face an increased risk of disease and disability, impacting not only their oral health but also their overall well-being. In Iowa, veterans are more likely to be rural, have lower incomes, and have disabilities. These factors can all exacerbate the already significant poor oral health outcomes experienced by veterans. This report was developed to serve as a resource for key target audiences including clinicians, advocates, health administrators, nonprofit organizations, researchers, and policy makers to design and implement solutions for Iowa veterans.