Готові списки джерел за темами / Beach groundwater

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Beach groundwater"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 8 березня 2025

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Статті в журналах з теми "Beach groundwater"

1

Horn, Diane P. "Beach groundwater dynamics." Geomorphology 48, no. 1-3 (November 2002): 121–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-555x(02)00178-2.

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2

Delisle, Marie-Pierre, Yeulwoo Kim, and Timu Gallien. "BEACH GROUNDWATER IMPACTS ON WAVE OVERTOPPING FLOODING." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 37 (September 1, 2023): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.management.91.

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Анотація:
Coastal flooding is a growing socioeconomic and humanitarian hazard (e.g., Nicholls, 2010). Increased beach groundwater levels may inundate low-lying areas and simultaneously propagate swash impacts onto higher beach and backshore elevations. Generally, coastal flood modeling and risk assessment characterize only surface flows, neglecting beach groundwater and swash zone processes such as infiltration and porous media flow. Numerous studies have considered the effects of swash on groundwater (e.g., Gourlay, 1992). Infiltration leads to reduced wave runup (Pintado-Patino et al., 2015) and is promoted by low beach groundwater levels (Bakhtyar et al., 2011), suggesting that beach groundwater plays a critical role in infiltration/exfiltration processes. Notably, the impacts of beach groundwater on swash flows and subsequent consequences on coastal flooding have not been explored. Coastal flooding from wave overtopping is expected to occur around the maximum tide. However, recent field observations suggest maximum overtopping lags behind high tide and is in phase with maximum groundwater levels. In this study, a turbulence and depth resolving numerical model is developed to examine the interaction between beach groundwater and wave overtopping processes.
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3

Wahab, Ahmad Khairi Abd, Norasman Othman, Mohamad Hidayat Jamal, and Shairul Rohaziawati Samat. "Effect of Rainfall and Groundwater Level on Sandy Beach Profile." Applied Mechanics and Materials 567 (June 2014): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.567.32.

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In Malaysia, rainfall distribution patterns are normally influenced by seasonal wind flow patterns coupled with local topographic features. Heavy rain spells and storms during the Northeast Monsoon will affect groundwater table elevation and the beach profile. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between rainfall and groundwater elevation and their effect to beach profile change. This work was undertaken at the Desaru Beach, Johor. The rainfall, groundwater table, tides and beach profiles data were measured at the site. As a result, the findings revealed that the groundwater table is affected by rainfall intensity; higher during wet season and lower during dry season. Groundwater table near the coastline is also affected by the tides. However, the data showed that there is a lag time between rising and falling of groundwater table and tides. Finally, the beach profile was found to be eroded as the groundwater elevation increased on the beach.
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4

de Sieyes, Nicholas R., Todd L. Russell, Kendra I. Brown, Sanjay K. Mohanty, and Alexandria B. Boehm. "Transport of enterococci and F+ coliphage through the saturated zone of the beach aquifer." Journal of Water and Health 14, no. 1 (June 22, 2015): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2015.290.

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Coastal groundwater has been implicated as a source of microbial pollution to recreational beaches. However, there is little work investigating the transport of fecal microbes through beach aquifers where waters of variable salinity are present. In this study, the potential for fecal indicator organisms enterococci (ENT) and F+ coliphage to be transported through marine beach aquifers was investigated. Native sediment and groundwaters were collected from the fresh and saline sections of the subterranean estuary at three beaches along the California coast where coastal communities utilize septic systems for wastewater treatment. Groundwaters were seeded with sewage and removal of F+ coliphage and ENT by the sediments during saturated flow was tested in laboratory column experiments. Removal varied significantly between beach and organism. F+ coliphage was removed to a greater extent than ENT, and removal was greater in saline sediments and groundwater than fresh. At one of the three beaches, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the attenuation of F+ coliphage and ENT down gradient of a septic leach field. ENT were detected up to 24 m from the leach field. The column study and field observations together suggest ENT can be mobile within native aquifer sediments and groundwater under certain conditions.
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5

Maple, Margit, Maia Coylar, Russell Detwiler, and Timu Gallien. "MODELING COASTAL WATER TABLE FLUCTUATIONS USING PFLOTRAN." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 37 (September 1, 2023): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.management.88.

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Анотація:
Coastal aquifers are highly dynamic groundwater systems. Sea level rise will cause a rise in coastal groundwater tables resulting in increased risk of shallow or emergent groundwater (Befus et al., 2020). Marine water level fluctuations cause the beach groundwater table to oscillate over a relatively large range. Understanding these oscillations is crucial, as shallow (i.e., high) water tables may impact subsurface infrastructure, mobilize sediment, and increase liquefaction risks. Although the impacts of tides and wave setup on coastal water tables have been studied (e.g., Nielsen, 1990; Housego et al, 2021), the cumulative impacts of wave runup, partially saturated flow, complex beach topography, and dual tidal forcing for bay-backed regions have not been explored. This work numerically models beach water table fluctuations which are compared to in-situ swash and beach groundwater observations at Cardiff State Beach in Encinitas, CA.
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6

Li, L., and D. A. Barry. "Wave-induced beach groundwater flow." Advances in Water Resources 23, no. 4 (January 2000): 325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0309-1708(99)00032-9.

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7

Smit, Yvonne, Jasper Donker, and Gerben Ruessink. "Spatiotemporal Surface Moisture Variations on a Barred Beach and their Relationship with Groundwater Fluctuations." Hydrology 6, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6010008.

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Understanding the spatiotemporal variability of surface moisture on a beach is a necessity to develop a quantitatively accurate predictive model for aeolian sand transport from the beach into the foredune. Here, we analyze laser-derived surface moisture maps with a 1 × 1 m spatial and a 15-min temporal resolution and concurrent groundwater measurements collected during falling and rising tide at the barred Egmond beach, the Netherlands. Consistent with earlier studies, the maps show that the beach can be conceptualized into three surface moisture zones. First, the wet zone just above the low tide level: 18–25%; second, the intertidal zone: 5–25% with large fluctuations. In this zone, surface moisture can decrease with a rate varying between ∼2.5–4% per hour, and cumulatively with 16% during a single falling tide; and, third, the back beach zone: 3–7% (dry). The bar–trough system perturbs this overall zonation, with the moisture characteristics on the bar similar to the upper intertidal beach and the trough always remaining wet. Surface moisture fluctuations are strongly linked to the behavior of groundwater depth and can be described by a ’Van Genuchten-type’ retention curve without hysteresis effects. Applying the Van Genuchten relationship with measured groundwater data allows us to predict surface moisture maps. Results show that the predictions capture the overall surface moisture pattern reasonably well; however, alongshore variability in groundwater level should be improved to refine the predicted surface moisture maps, especially near the sandbar.
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8

Ballukraya, P. N., and R. Ravi. "Natural Fresh-Water Ridge as Barrier Against Sea-Water Intrusion in Chennai City." Journal Geological Society of India 52, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/1998/520304.

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Анотація:
Abstract Hydrogeological investigations along the Chennai (Madras) coast showed that groundwater levels are lower than mean sea level, often as much as -3 to -6m. However, the quality of groundwater in the near-surface unconfined aquifer, tapped by shallow wells, is reasonably fresh, though deeper wells show distinct signs of sea-water intrusion. Presence of fresh water below mean sea level in the absence of positive fresh water head is not possible in a coast line having hydraulic continuity with the marine environment. Detailed studies show that a narrow fresh water ridge, created by the beach dune complex, exists along the coast. Along most of the beach ridge groundwater abstraction is relatively less and also there is regular recharge into the aquifers from monsoon rains, and thus the static water level remains slightly above mean sea level along a narrow zone for most of the coastline. This fresh water ridge prevents contamination of the shallow aquifer to the west of the ridge, even though the water levels fall below mean sea level in the aquifer. Where the beach area has been urbanized or where there is large-scale abstraction from beach zone, groundwater has been contaminated with saline water as there is no fresh water barrier in such locations. Thus, the beach area has, to a large extent, safeguarded the shallow aquifers from serious saline water intrusion in Chennai city. This is a fortuitous situation which also selVes as a warning not to urbanise beach zones in coastal cities.
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9

Woussen, Emilie, Damien Sous, and Nadia Sénéchal. "Observations of Tide- and Wave-Driven Groundwater Dynamics in Meso-Tidal Sandy Beach." Water 16, no. 13 (July 5, 2024): 1924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16131924.

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This study focuses on the non-hydrostatic groundwater dynamics of a meso-tidal sandy beach under the influence of tides and waves. A field campaign was conducted at Lacanau Beach, France, during four consecutive tide cycles in March 2022. Groundwater dynamics was monitored based on a network of buried pressure sensors. The data analysis revealed the combined influences of waves and tides on the groundwater circulation. Tidal-scale groundwater flows are predominantly seaward, primarily controlled by the head gradient resulting from a high coastal aquifer. A circulation cell develops under the swash zone and moves across the beachface following the tidal oscillations. On a daily scale per alongshore and vertical units, the observed flow is 2.5 m3.m−2.day−1, i.e., 912.5 m3.m−2.year−1. Extrapolating the present dataset, it may be expected that combined events, such as drought-induced aquifer depletion with high tides, could lead to beach-scale gradient reversal, potentially causing salinisation of the continental aquifer.
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10

Ruiz de Alegria-Arzaburu, Amaia, Jon J. Williams, and Gerhard Masselink. "APPLICATION OF XBEACH TO MODEL STORM RESPONSE ON A MACROTIDAL GRAVEL BARRIER." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 23, 2011): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.sediment.39.

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Анотація:
The process-based XBeach numerical model has been used to simulate storm-induced morphological response on a macrotidal gravel barrier located in southwest UK. Using well-established parameterisation to define all relevant hydrodynamic, groundwater and sediment processes, the model was applied in 1D mode to simulate observed storm-induced beach profile responses. Investigations showed that the morphological response of the beach was best modelled using a total drag coefficient, CD, of 0.007, and a hydraulic conductivity, K, of 0.05ms-1. Results obtained from simulations with and without beach groundwater highlighted the need to account for groundwater effects when modelling morphological changes on gravel beaches. The model has been found unable of reproducing the formation of a berm, thus, beach recovery conditions cannot be modelled. This is mainly attributed to the fact that XBeach models long waves rather than individual waves, and thus it cannot simulate individual swash events that contribute to onshore sediment transport and berm accretion. However, the model is shown to provide good estimates of post-storm gravel beach/barrier profiles, and to define the threshold for overwash occurrence. Both attributes have utility in a range of practical coastal engineering and management applications.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Beach groundwater"

1

Austin, Martin J. "Swash, groundwater and sediment transport processes on a gravel beach." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2005. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34493.

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The morphodynamics of a steeply sloping gravel beach in the south western UK (tanβ = 0.15–0.2; d50 = 6 mm; ξb = 1–4) were measured during low energy wind-wave conditions (Hb < 0.5 m). Measurements of water depth, groundwater-level, waves and currents, concurrent with observations of morphological change and swash sediment loads, were successfully obtained over two spring-to-neap tidal cycles and used to investigate the short-term evolution of gravel beach morphology. Incident frequency motions dominated the hydrodynamics since wave transformation was concentrated at the base of the beach. Subharmonic energy was of secondary importance at most, never exceeding 15% of the total energy. Standing edge waves were generally absent since the lack of swell waves limited their forcing, and there was c. 50% reflection of the gravity-band energy.
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2

Goler, Gunes. "Numerical Modeling Of Groundwater Flow Behavior In Response To Beach Dewatering." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605274/index.pdf.

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In this study, The Beach Dewatering System, a relatively recent technology to combat beach erosion, which is proposed as a practical alternative to more traditional shoreline stabilization methods, is investigated and an informative overview on the genesis, development and recent use of this technique is provided. On the basis of the link existing between the elevation of beach groundwater and erosional or accretionary trends at the beach face, a numerical model that simulates groundwater flow in a coastal aquifer under beach drainage is presented. In this model, the seaward boundary of the domain is considered to be tidally fluctuating in a large scale to represent the occurrence of seepage face significantly. The unsteady groundwater flow equation is solved numerically using the method of finite differences. The results clearly showed that the water table being lowered caused the reduction of the seepage face which is the main aim of Beach Dewatering projects. The positional design parameters, i.e. horizontal and vertical location of the drain, are also investigated by utilizing an efficiency index. It is observed that the system efficiency decreased as the drain is shifted landward. The results also indicated that, the efficiency slightly increased with the vertical drain elevation.
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3

Wallace, Brian Matthew. "NCMA GROUNDWATER MODEL USING USGS MODFLOW-2005/PEST." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1642.

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Анотація:
A numerical model for the NCMA aquifer complex is presented. The objective of the study is to develop a numerical groundwater model for the NCMA aquifer system to enhance the understanding of subsurface groundwater flow. Infiltration, streamflow, pumping, and return flows are implemented to characterize the aquifer complex over time. The numerical model is calibrated to municipal and monitoring well data, average monthly water balances, and hydraulic contours. Transient aquifer inflows and outflows are assessed in the results of the study and are compared to balance terms from previous studies. The 2007 Todd Engineers Study subsurface inflows and outflows generate well hydrographs that have greater heads than observed data. Calibration to well hydrographs generated increased subsurface outflow values and decreased subsurface inflow values. It is possible that approximately 250 AFY is leaving aquifer storage.
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4

Teo, Hhih-Ting, and h. teo@griffith edu au. "Tidal Dynamics in Coastal Aquifers." Griffith University. School of Engineering, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030729.155028.

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Анотація:
The prediction of coastal groundwater movement is necessary in coastal management. However, the study in this field is still a great challenge due to the involvement of tidal-groundwater interactions and the phenomena of hydrodynamic dispersion between salt-fresh water in the coastal region. To date, numerous theories for groundwater dynamic have been made available in analytical, numerical and also experimental forms. Nevertheless, most of them are based on the zeroth-order shallow flow, i.e. Boussinesq approximation. Two main components for coastal unconfined aquifer have been completed in this Thesis: the vertical beach model and the sloping beach model. Both solutions are solved in closed-form up to higher order with shallow water parameter ([epsilon]) and tidal amplitude parameter ([alpha]). The vertical beach solution contributes to the higher-order tidal fluctuations while the sloping beach model overcomes the shortcomings in the existing solutions. From this study, higher-order components are found to be significant especially for larger value of [alpha] and [epsilon]. Other parameters such as hydraulic conductivity (K) and the thickness of aquifer (D) also affect the water table fluctuations. The new sloping solution demonstrated the significant influence of beach slope ([beta]) on the water table fluctuations. A comprehensive comparison between previous solution and the present sloping solution have been performed mathematically and numerically and the present solution has been demonstrated to provide a better prediction
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5

Teo, Hhih-Ting. "Tidal Dynamics in Coastal Aquifers." Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365678.

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Анотація:
The prediction of coastal groundwater movement is necessary in coastal management. However, the study in this field is still a great challenge due to the involvement of tidal-groundwater interactions and the phenomena of hydrodynamic dispersion between salt-fresh water in the coastal region. To date, numerous theories for groundwater dynamic have been made available in analytical, numerical and also experimental forms. Nevertheless, most of them are based on the zeroth-order shallow flow, i.e. Boussinesq approximation. Two main components for coastal unconfined aquifer have been completed in this Thesis: the vertical beach model and the sloping beach model. Both solutions are solved in closed-form up to higher order with shallow water parameter ([epsilon]) and tidal amplitude parameter ([alpha]). The vertical beach solution contributes to the higher-order tidal fluctuations while the sloping beach model overcomes the shortcomings in the existing solutions. From this study, higher-order components are found to be significant especially for larger value of [alpha] and [epsilon]. Other parameters such as hydraulic conductivity (K) and the thickness of aquifer (D) also affect the water table fluctuations. The new sloping solution demonstrated the significant influence of beach slope ([beta]) on the water table fluctuations. A comprehensive comparison between previous solution and the present sloping solution have been performed mathematically and numerically and the present solution has been demonstrated to provide a better prediction
Thesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
School of Engineering
Full Text
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6

Woussen, Emilie. "Interactions entre le comportement mécanique des ouvrages de défense pour la protection du littoral et les processus hydro-sédimentaires contrôlant la dynamique du trait de côte : approche expérimentale couplée numérique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0371.

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Анотація:
Dans un contexte d’augmentation des risques de submersion et d’érosion des littoraux, les gestionnaires disposent de plusieurs méthodes pour mieux prévenir les risques associés. L’une d’elles consiste à travailler avec les défenses dites « dures » existantes en les étendant ou en les renforçant. L’objectif général de ce travail est de mieux comprendre les interactions entre l’hydrodynamique et ce type d’ouvrages de défense déployés en haut de plage et, plus particulièrement, les enrochements. Pour cela, différents processus hydrodynamiques en jeu sur le haut de plage, tels que les ondes longues ou infragravitaires et l’aquifère côtier, sont étudiés en parallèle avec le comportement des enrochements. Dans un premier temps, différentes méthodes de décomposition du signal de la surface libre, en composantes dirigées vers le large et vers la côte, ont été explorées afin d’analyser ensuite les transformations des ondes infragravitaires en condition de tempête sur une plage sableuse protégée par un enrochement. Dans un second temps, des données expérimentales ont été utilisées pour calibrer des simulations numériques réalisées avec le modèle XBeach en 2D (mode SurfBeat). L’analyse de ces simulations a mis en évidence l’importance de la bathymétrie et du modèle de déferlement choisi pour configurer le modèle numérique. Une génération significative d’ondes infragravitaires ainsi que la formation d’ondes stationnaires ont été observées. En condition de houle modérée, les données montrent une corrélation entre le R2% (proxy couramment utilisé pour prédire le runup) et les variations bathymétriques parallèles à la côte au niveau de la barre externe. Aucun impact notable de l’enrochement sur la réflexion des ondes infragravitaires n’a été observé dans ces conditions. Des données expérimentales collectées sur la plage de Lacanau ont également été analysées pour étudier la dynamique de l’aquifère côtier sous une plage sableuse avec enrochement, soumise aux marées et aux vagues. Une cellule de recirculation a été identifiée, sans toutefois détecter d’effet immédiat notable de l’enrochement. Enfin, un modèle numérique, basé sur la méthode des éléments discrets a été développé avec le logiciel LMGC90. Cette première approche fournit une base et des éléments de recherche sur la réponse géomécanique des ouvrages tels que les enrochements, sous l’effet des phénomènes de runup et de vagues
One of the ways to mitigate the increasing risks of coastal flooding and erosion, is optimising the effectiveness of existing coastal structures by extending or reinforcing their defensive properties. The main objective of this work is to improve the understanding of interactions between nearshore hydrodynamics and coastal defense structures, particularly riprap protection walls. To achieve this, the different elements present at the upper beach, such as long or infragravity waves arriving from offshore, the coastal aquifer and their interaction with riprap are studied. Various methods for separating the free surface signal into seaward and shoreward components were explored, in order to analyze the transformations of infragravity waves under storm conditions on a sandy beach protected by riprap. Experimental data were used to calibrate the XBeach numerical model in 2D (SurfBeat mode). Analysis of the simulation results highlighted the importance of bathymetry and the selected wave breaking model in setting up the numerical simulations. Significant generation of infragravity waves and the formation of standing waves were observed. A correlation was established under moderate wave conditions between the R2% (a commonly used runup proxy) and bathymetric variations parallel to the coast (cyclic pattern at the outer bar). No notable impact of the riprap on infragravity wave reflection was observed under the investigated conditions. Experimental data collected on the beach of Lacanau were also analyzed to study the dynamics of the coastal aquifer beneath a sandy beach exposed to tides and waves, protected by rubble mound structure. A recirculation cell was identified, but no immediate significant effect of the riprap was detected. Finally, a numerical model based on the discrete element method was developed using the LMGC90 software. This initial approach provides a foundation and insights into the geomechanical response of structures such as riprap under the influence of wave runup and forces
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7

Taylor, Renee Lamoreaux. "Bench-scale analysis of diesel-PCE mixture behavior for the Park-Euclid WQARF Site." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2004. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0060_m_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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8

Billersjö, Sofia. "In-situ remediation of benzene-contaminated groundwater – A bench-scale study." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171834.

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Анотація:
During the construction of the new urban area in the north-eastern part of Stockholm, Stockholm Royal Seaport, groundwater with extremely elevated levels of the carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbon benzene was discovered in the area Hjorthagen. Such a contamination can be remediated in-situ by the use of chemical oxidation and biodegradation. Due to the fact that many factors such as contaminant composition, groundwater characteristics and temperature vary between sites, smaller bench scale studies are usually conducted before the full scale remediation on site. Little published research exists on the ability of these remediation techniques in areas with lower groundwater temperature such as Stockholm, why the need of a bench-scale study in this case is even larger. The objective of this master thesis is to, out of three investigated remediation agents, find the most suitable one for remediation of the benzene-contaminated groundwater in Hjorthagen. This was made in the form of a bench-scale study and the techniques studied were chemical oxidation, for which the two agents hydrogen peroxide (uncatalyzed and catalyzed in the form of Fenton’s reagent) and persulfate (activated with iron (II)) were used, and biological degradation by the use of a calcium peroxide-based compound. The study showed that the benzene-contaminated groundwater was best remediated with Fenton’s reagent, which was able to degrade the benzene with great success.
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9

Alastal, Khalil. "Ecoulements oscillatoires et effets capillaires en milieux poreux partiellement saturés et non saturés : applications en hydrodynamique côtière." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0039/document.

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Анотація:
Dans cette thèse, on étudie les écoulements oscillatoires en milieux poreux (non saturés ou partiellement saturés) dus à des oscillations tidales des niveaux d'eau dans des milieux ouverts adjacents aux milieux poreux. L'étude est centrée sur le cas des plages de sable en hydrodynamique côtière, mais les applications concernent, potentiellement et plus généralement, les problèmes d'oscillation et de variation temporelle des niveaux d'eau dans des systèmes couplés, lorsque ceux-ci mettent en jeu des interactions entre les écoulements de sub-surface (milieux poreux) et les eaux de surface (milieux ouverts) : plages naturelles et artificielles; digues portuaires; barrages en terre; berges de fleuves; estuaires. Le forçage tidal des écoulements souterrains est représenté et modélisé ici, tant expérimentalement que numériquement, par une oscillation quasi-statique du niveau d'eau dans un réservoir externe ouvert, connecté au domaine poreux. On s'intéresse plus particulièrement aux écoulements verticaux forcés par une pression oscillatoire imposée au bas d'une colonne de sol. Sur le plan expérimental, ce type de forçage est obtenu par une machine à marée équipée d'un arbre rotatif. Au total, on utilise dans ce travail trois types d'approches (expérimentale, numérique, analytique), l'objectif étant d'étudier le mouvement vertical de la surface "libre" et l'écoulement non saturé sus-jacent, de façon à prendre en compte aussi bien les pertes de charge dans la zone saturée que les gradients de pression capillaire dans la zone non saturée. […]
In this thesis, we study hydrodynamic oscillations in porous bodies (unsaturated or partially saturated), due to tidal oscillations of water levels in adjacent open water bodies. The focus is on beach hydrodynamics, but potential applications concern, more generally, time varying and oscillating water levels in coupled systems involving subsurface / open water interactions (natural and artificial beaches, harbor dykes, earth dams, river banks, estuaries). The tidal forcing of groundwater is represented and modeled (both experimentally and numerically) by quasi-static oscillations of water levels in an open water reservoir connected to the porous medium. Specifically, we focus on vertical water movements forced by an oscillating pressure imposed at the bottom of a soil column. Experimentally, a rotating tide machine is used to achieve this forcing. Overall, we use three types of methods (experimental, numerical, analytical) to study the vertical motion of the groundwater table and the unsaturated flow above it, taking into account the vertical head drop in the saturated zone as well as capillary pressure gradients in the unsaturated zone. Laboratory experiments are conducted on vertical sand columns, with a tide machine to force water table oscillations, and with porous cup tensiometers to measure both positive pressures and suctions along the column (among other measurement methods). Numerical simulations of oscillatory water flow are implemented with the BIGFLOW 3D code (implicit finite volumes, with conjugate gradients for the matrix solver and modified Picard iterations for the nonlinear problem). In addition, an automatic calibration based on a genetic optimization algorithm is implemented for a given tidal frequency, to obtain the hydrodynamic parameters of the experimental soil. Calibrated simulations are then compared to experimental results for other non calibrated frequencies. Finally, a family of quasi-analytical multi-front solutions is developed for the tidal oscillation problem, as an extension of the Green-Ampt piston flow approximation, leading to nonlinear, non-autonomous systems of Ordinary Differential Equations with initial conditions (dynamical systems). The multi-front solutions are tested by comparing them with a refined finite volume solution of the Richards equation. Multi-front solutions are at least 100 times faster, and the match is quite good even for a loamy soil with strong capillary effects (the number of fronts required is small, no more than N≈ to 20 at most). A large set of multi-front simulations is then produced in order to analyze water table and flux fluctuations for a broad range of forcing frequencies. The results, analyzed in terms of means and amplitudes of hydrodynamic variables, indicate the existence, for each soil, of a characteristic frequency separating low frequency / high frequency flow regimes in the porous system
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10

Wang, Yunli. "Etude expérimentale et numérique des oscillations hydrodynamiques en milieux poreux partiellement saturés." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0127/document.

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Анотація:
Cette thèse vise à étudier expérimentalement, analytiquement et numériquement, les conséquences de variations et d'oscillations hydrodynamiques à forte variabilité temporelle en milieux poreux partiellement saturés. Les problèmes que nous étudions comportent des surfaces libres tant à l'extérieur qu'à l'intérieur des milieux poreux, celles-ci étant définies comme des isosurfaces de pression d'eau égale à la pression atmosphérique (Pwater = Patm). Les différentes études expérimentales réalisées en laboratoire sont, respectivement : une expérience d'imbibition dans une boite à sable avec effets capillaires importants; la transmission d'oscillations de la surface libre à travers un massif sableux intercalaire dans un petit canal à houle (IMFT, Toulouse); l'étude de la dynamique et de la propagation des oscillations des niveaux d'eau dans un grand canal à houle (HYDRALAB, Barcelone), partiellement recouvert d'un fond sableux incliné, avec mesures de niveaux d'eau en pleine eau et sous le sable, et mesures du fond sableux (érosion/dépôts). Pour les études théoriques, nous avons développés des solutions analytiques linéarisées. Un exemple de problème traité analytiquement est: l'équation linéarisée de Dupuit-Boussinesq (D-B) transitoire à surface libre, en hypothèse d'écoulements plans et vidange/remplissage instantané : oscillations forcées, transmission et dissipation d'ondes à travers une boite à sable rectangulaire. Nous avons aussi développé une solution de l'équation faiblement non linéaire de Dupuit- Boussinesq (D-B) pour étudier le problème d'imbibition avec variation abrupte du niveau d'eau amont (suivi temporel du front de saturation). Nous avons pu étudier les différents types de problèmes transitoires liés aux expériences citées plus haut par simulation numérique. En particulier, nous avons simulé des écoulements partiellement saturés et insaturés, en coupe verticale, à l'aide d'un code de calcul (BIGFLOW 3D) qui résoud l'équation de Richards généralisée en régime transitoire. Nous avons ainsi étudié numériquement en régime non saturé, l'expérience d'imbibition dans un sable initialement sec à frontières verticales (IMFT sandbox), puis l'expérience de propagation d'ondes dans le grand canal à houle de Barcelone (laboratoire HYDRALAB) comportant une plage de sable inclinée, avec un couplage complètement intégré entre les zones micro-poreuse (sable) et “macro-poreuse” (pleine eau). Pour analyser les résultats de cette dernière expérience et les comparer aux simulations, nous avons utilisé plusieurs méthodes de traitement et d'analyse des signaux : analyse de Fourier (spectres de fréquences) ; ondelettes discrètes multi-résolution (Daubechies) ; analyses corrélatoires simple et croisée. Ces méthodes sont combinées avec des méthodes de préfiltrage pour estimer dérives et résidus (moyennes mobiles ; ondelettes multi-résolution). Cette analyse des signaux a permis de comprendre et quantifier la propagation à travers une plage de sable. Au total, les différentes approches de modélisation mis en oeuvre, associé à des procédures de calage en situation de couplage transitoire non linéaire ont permis de reproduire globalement les phénomènes de propagation de teneur en eau et de niveau d'eau dans les différentes configurations étudiées
This thesis aims at investigating experimentally, analytically and numerically, the consequences of hydrodynamic variations and oscillations with high temporal variability in partially saturated porous media. The problems investigated in this work involve “free surfaces” both outside and inside the porous media, the free surface being defined as the “atmospheric” water pressure isosurface (Pwater = Patm). The laboratory experiments studied in this work are, respectively: Lateral imbibition in a dry sand box with significant capillary effects; Transmission of oscillations of the free surface through a vertical sand box placed in a small wave canal (IMFT, Toulouse); Dynamics of free surface oscillations and wave propagation in a large wave canal (HYDRALAB, Barcelona), partially covered with sand, with measurements of both open water and groundwater levels, and of sand topography (erosion / deposition). For theoretical studies, we have developed linearized analytical solutions. Here is a sample problem that was treated analytically in this work: The linearized equation of Dupuit-Boussinesq (DB) for transient free surface flow, assuming horizontal flow and instantaneous wetting/drainage of the unsaturated zone: forced oscillations, wave transmission and dissipation through a rectangular sandbox. We also developed a weakly nonlinear solution of the Dupuit-Boussinesq equation to study the sudden imbibition (temporal monitoring of the wetting front). We have studied the different types of transient flow problems related to the experiments cited above by numerical simulation. In particular, we have simulated unsaturated or partially saturated transient flows in vertical cross-section, using a computer code (BIGFLOW 3D) which solves a generalized version of Richards’ equation. Thus, using the Richards / BIGFLOW 3D model, we have studied numerically the experiment of unsaturated imbibition in a dry sand (IMFT sandbox), and then, with the same model, we have also studied the partially saturated wave propagation experiment in the large Barcelona wave canal (HYDRALAB laboratory), focusing on the sloping sandy beach, with coupling between the micro-porous zone (sand) and the “macro-porous” zone (open water). To interpret the results of the latter experiment and compare them to simulations, we use several methods of signal analyzis and signal processing, such as: Fourier analysis, discrete multi-resolution wavelets (Daubechies), auto and cross-correlation functions. These methods are combined with pre-filtering methods to estimate trends and residuals (moving averages; discrete wavelet analyses). This signal analyzis has allowed us to interpret and quantify water propagation phenomena through a sandy beach. To sum up, different modeling approaches, combined with model calibration procedures, were applied to transient nonlinear coupled flow problems. These approaches have allowed us to reproduce globally the water content distributions and water level propagation in the different configurations studied in this work
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Книги з теми "Beach groundwater"

1

Scott, Andres A., Duffy Cheryl A, and Costas Evan M, eds. Wellhead protection area delineations for the Lewes-rehoboth Beach Area, Delaware. Newark, Del: University of Delaware, 2003.

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2

Illinois. Division of Public Water Supplies. Round Lake Beach facility number 0971550 well site survey report. Springfield, Ill: Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, 1994.

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3

Smith, Barry S. Conceptual hydrogeologic framework of the shallow aquifer system at Virginia Beach, Virginia. Richmond, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002.

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4

Scorca, Michael P. Selected hydrogeologic and water-quality data from Jones Beach Island, Long Island, New York. Syosset, New York: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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5

Miller, Wesley L. Hydrogeology and migration of septic-tank effluent in the surficial aquifer system in the northern Midlands area, Palm Beach County, Florida. Tallahassee, Fla: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992.

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6

Miller, Wesley L. Hydrogeology and migration of septic-tank effluent in the surficial aquifer system in the northern Midlands area, Palm Beach County, Florida. Tallahassee, Fla: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992.

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7

Miller, Wesley L. Hydrogeology and migration of septic-tank effluent in the surficial aquifer system in the northern Midlands area, Palm Beach County, Florida. Tallahassee, Fla: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992.

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8

Pucci, Amleto A. Aquifer-test analysis of the upper aquifer of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, Union Beach Borough, Monmouth County, New Jersey. West Trenton, N.J: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1989.

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9

Pucci, Amleto A. Aquifer-test analysis of the upper aquifer of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, Union Beach Borough, Monmouth County, New Jersey. West Trenton, N.J: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1989.

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10

Pucci, Amleto A. Aquifer-test analysis of the upper aquifer of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, Union Beach Borough, Monmouth County, New Jersey. West Trenton, N.J: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988.

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Частини книг з теми "Beach groundwater"

1

Cuadrado-Quesada, Gabriela. "A Sandy-Beach Paradise, Groundwater Exploitation and Groundwater Governance Through Communal Water Boards." In Water Governance - Concepts, Methods, and Practice, 107–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92778-3_7.

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2

Reyes, Clint Chester, and Yoshimitsu Tajima. "Detection of Groundwater Flow Velocity Field in the Swash Zone of the Coral Gravel Beach Using Particle Tracking Velocimetry." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 69–77. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7409-2_6.

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3

Gemilang, Wisnu Arya, Ulung Jantama Wisha, and Hendra Bakti. "Water Quality Assessment for Detecting Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) Pollution in the Coastal Area of Krakas Beach, North Lombok District, Indonesia." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 121–32. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0308-3_9.

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4

Cunningham, J. A., G. D. Hopkins, M. Reinhard, and C. A. LeBron. "Enhanced anaerobic in situ bioremediation of fuel hydrocarbons in groundwater at Seal Beach, California." In Groundwater 2000, 411–12. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003078593-203.

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5

Hashim, Mohmadisa, Arijatul Wardah Ahmad, Zahid Mat Said, Nasir Nayan, Hanifah Mahat, Yazid Saleh, and Koh Liew See. "Seasonal Variability of Groundwater Quality in Kapas Island, Terengganu, Malaysia." In Water Quality - Factors and Impacts [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99863.

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The chapter aims to evaluate the groundwater quality levels in Kapas Island, Terengganu, Malaysia during the monsoon changes of the Southwest Monsoon (SWM), Monsoon Transition (MT) and Northeast Monsoon (NEM) in 2018. Four locations were used for groundwater sampling namely, the Kapas Coral Beach Resort, Kapas Beach Chalet, Pak Ya Seaview Chalet, and Kapas Island Resort. Three water samplings at each station for every month in the monsoon. Six parameters of the Malaysian Water Quality Index (WQI), i.e., dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), were used to evaluate the water quality. The findings showed the groundwater quality parameters are in Class I and II. However, according to WQI Malaysia, the water quality status during the three monsoons is slightly polluted. During the SWM, the WQI value was 76 (Class III), the MT was 77 (Class II), and the NEM was WQI 71 (Class III). Given this status, it requires more intensive water treatment as it is not suitable for direct drinking water supply. The implications of the study show that the quality of groundwater in Kapas Island has to improve by the tour operators.
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"Relationship between dry and wet beach ecosystems and E. coli levels in groundwater below beaches of the Great Lakes, Canada." In Groundwater and Ecosystems, 255–70. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15003-24.

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7

Khouz, Abdellah, Jorge Trindade, Fatima El Bchari, Pedro Pinto Santos, Eusébio Reis, Adil Moumane, Fatima Ezzahra El Ghazali, Mourad Jadoud, and Blaid Bougadir. "Integrating GALDIT and GIS for Assessing Sea Water Intrusion Susceptibility in the Akermoud Coastal Water Table, Morocco." In Advances in Geospatial Technologies, 35–72. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-9651-3.ch002.

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The Akermoud coastal aquifer, situated in the northern region of Essaouira, Morocco, is an aquifer that has an important productive capacity, mainly used for irrigation. However, uncontrolled exploitation has increased the risk of sea water intrusion, leading to deteriorating water quality and threatening agricultural sustainability. In this research, in order to access susceptibility to sea water intrusion (SWI), six elements derived from diverse databases are used. Variables were combined in a GALDIT and GIS models, resulting in the analysis of 40 groundwater samples from wells. Results highlight the imminent threat of sea water encroachment into the coastal groundwater system. The resulting GALDIT index map indicates a notably high susceptibility index along a 3 km coastal band, between Tensift Oued and Bhaybeh Beach, enlarging southwards up to 5 km. Saline intrusion patterns are particularly observed between Zaouiet El Kourati and Ouled El Fequih villages, where the merging of saline and fresh waters amplifies salinization, affecting approximately 24% of the study area.
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ABIyas, Hao Rong, Nan Ge, and Henglu Miao. "Optimal Configuration Mode of Soil and Water Conservation Measures in Small Watersheds in Northern Grasslands." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220400.

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Prairie soil and water loss and eco-construction have been studied for many years. On the basis of the status quo and causes of soil and water loss in the north typical prairie areas, we put forward the disposition model of comprehensive control measures of small watershed in the north typical prairie areas. Centering on combining engineering measures with biological measures to improve grasslands eco-environment, we take beach shallow groundwater exploration as a breakthrough, and take close improvement and artificially planting grasses as methods aiming at improving grasslands productivity and promoting the development of animal husbandry so as to provide successful experiences for the comprehensive control of resemble small watersheds.
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Callahan, Richard F. "Infrastructure Partnership Success in Southern California." In Great Policy Successes, 161–79. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843719.003.0009.

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The Alameda Corridor rail project became a tale of two cities: Los Angeles and Long Beach, California. It started as a story including each of the six cities in between. The Alameda Corridor Transportation Authority transformed a tangled web of rail lines, each owned and operated by three competing railroads, into one line. The new corridor created public value in eliminating grade rail crossing that backed up truck and car traffic in six mid-corridor cities, and through the reduction of air pollution emissions and groundwater contamination. The line moved the harbours from reliance on nineteenth-century rail technology to a twenty-first-century system aligned with the technology needed to compete in a globalized goods movement world. Public expense was significantly reduced as the line was built primarily with private sector debt financing, which was paid off by fees on private sector container cargo. The move to governance by only the cities of Long Beach and Los Angeles contained costs and kept the project on time to reduce the financial uncertainty that would have adversely affected the costs of borrowing. This efficient decision-making structure based on those with a financial stake in cost containment came at the expense of participation in decision-making by mid-corridor cities.
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10

"Leaky Coastal Margins: Examples of Enhanced Coastal Groundwater and Surface-Water Exchange from Tampa Bay and Crescent Beach Submarine Spring, Florida, USA." In Coastal Aquifer Management-Monitoring, Modeling, and Case Studies, 107–26. CRC Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203493496-7.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Beach groundwater"

1

Saponieri, A., and L. Damiani. "Groundwater flow on a drained beach." In CMEM 2013. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/cmem130201.

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WOUSSEN, EMILIE, DAMIEN SOUS, and NADIA SENECHAL. "SANDY BEACH GROUNDWATER DYNAMICS IN FRONT OF RIPRAP SEAWALL." In Coastal Sediments 2023. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811275135_0040.

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3

Robinson, Clare, Tom Baldock, Diane Horn, B. Gibbes, M. G. Hughes, P. Nielsen, and L. Li. "Measurement of Groundwater and Swash Interactions on a Sandy Beach." In Fifth International Conference on Coastal Dynamics. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40855(214)104.

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4

Austin, Martin, Gerd Masselink, Ian Turner, Daniel Buscombe, and Jon Williams. "GROUNDWATER SEEPAGE BETWEEN A GRAVEL BARRIER BEACH AND A FRESHWATER LAGOON." In Proceedings of the 31st International Conference. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814277426_0380.

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5

BHANDARY, HARISH, ASIM AL-KHALID, S. CHIDAMBARAM, and A. MUKHOPADHYAY. "BRACKISH GROUNDWATER UTILIZATION POTENTIAL OF BEACH WELLS IN KUWAIT- A CASE STUDY." In 38th IAHR World Congress. The International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/38wc092019-1918.

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6

Lee, Kwang-Ho, Norimi Mizutani, and Toshiaki Fujii. "80. EFFECTS OF GROUNDWATER TABLE ON WAVE BREAKING IN A GRAVEL BEACH." In Coastal Dynamics 2009 - Impacts of Human Activities on Dynamic Coastal Processes. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814282475_0082.

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7

Uda, Takaaki, Susumu Nishimura, and Ko-ichi Hirano. "Field Observation of Lowering of Groundwater Level by Application of Beach Management System at Chigasaki Beach in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan." In 27th International Conference on Coastal Engineering (ICCE). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40549(276)185.

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8

Powers, Michael, Daria Nikitina, Martin F. Helmke, Magnus Payzine, and Cameron Knight. "TIDES, GROUNDWATER FLOW AND SALT POND DEVELOPMENT AT SLAUGHTER BEACH SALT MARSH, DELAWARE." In Joint 69th Annual Southeastern / 55th Annual Northeastern GSA Section Meeting - 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020se-345436.

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9

Stark, Nina, Stephen Adusei, Jonathan Hubler, Mohamad El Ahmad, Thomas Mayer, Tian-Jian Hsu, and Jiaye Zhang. "Relating Beach Groundwater-Surface Water Dynamics to In Situ Strength from Dynamic Penetrometers." In Geotechnical Frontiers 2025, 75–82. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784486016.008.

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10

Giraud, J., M. Chouteau, C. Taveau, and R. P. Chapuis. "Hydrogeophysical Monitoring of Groundwater Level Changes Induced by Tides in a Shallow Beach Aquifer." In Near Surface 2011 - 17th EAGE European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20144407.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Beach groundwater"

1

Cialone, Mary, Jessamin Straub, Britt Raubenheimer, Jenna Brown, Katherine Brodie, Nicole Elko, Patrick Dickhudt, et al. A large-scale community storm processes field experiment : the During Nearshore Event Experiment (DUNEX) overview reference report. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46548.

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The DUring Nearshore Event EXperiment (DUNEX) was a series of large-scale nearshore coastal field experiments focused on during-storm, nearshore coastal processes. The experiments were conducted on the North Carolina coast by a multidisciplinary group of over 30 research scientists from 2019 to 2021. The overarching goal of DUNEX was to collaboratively gather information to improve understanding of the interactions of coastal water levels, waves, and flows, beach and dune evolution, soil behavior, vegetation, and groundwater during major coastal storms that affect infrastructure, habitats, and communities. In the short term, these high-quality field measurements will lead to better understanding of during-storm processes, impacts and post-storm recovery and will enhance US academic coastal research programs. Longer-term, DUNEX data and outcomes will improve understanding and prediction of extreme event physical processes and impacts, validate coastal processes numerical models, and improve coastal resilience strategies and communication methods for coastal communities impacted by storms. This report focuses on the planning and preparation required to conduct a large-scale field experiment, the collaboration amongst researchers, and lessons learned. The value of a large-scale experiment focused on storm processes and impacts begins with the scientific gains from the data collected, which will be available and used for decades to come.
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2

Peyton, B. M., and K. R. Martin. 100 Area groundwater biodenitrification bench-scale treatability study procedures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10157653.

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Barnett, P. J. Surficial geology of Cockburn Island, Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332360.

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Cockburn Island landscape is somewhat unique in the northern Lake Huron-Georgian Bay basin, in that, itmp;gt;'s overall topography and relief is dependant primarily on glacial sediments that can exceed thicknesses of 85 m (275 feet), rather than the bedrock surface. Cockburn Island is underlain by gently dipping carbonate and clastic rocks of Middle Silurian age that outcrop in a belt that rings the northern half of the island. The crest of the Niagara Escarpment crosses the northern part of the Island. In places the bedrock surface has been affected by karst processes particularly in areas above the level of the Nipissing transgression where the land surface has been exposed for approximately 11,500 years. Karst features and alvars appear to be best developed in rocks of the Amabel Formation along the crest of the Niagara Escarpment. Evidence of the direction of glacier flow that affected Cockburn Island is primary from the orientation of streamlined forms, in particular drumlins. Three distinct sets of drumlins have been recognized. The drumlin orientation does not necessarily reflect flow during two or multiple glacial advances. The variation in orientation of the long axis of the drumlins, the south-southwest flow around the eastern shore of the island, southern flow in the central part of the island and the south-eastward flow the western shore, may reflect ice flowing around the island along the inter-island channels at a greater speed than that flowing over the higher areas of the island. Drumlins are commonly associated with till. Till is widespread across the island and occurs commonly as poorlydrained till plains, littered with boulder (lags). In addition, to till and its associated landforms, other surface landforms and sediments include a large hill of sand and gravel covered with till (McCaigs Hill), and two long ridges of gravel of probable ice-contact origin. Emphasis in this report has been placed on the Post-glacial shoreline features of Glacial Lake Algonquin and subsequent glacial and post-glacial lakes that greatly affected the landscape of Cockburn Island. The record of ancestral lake levels in the Lake Huron basin on Cockburn Island appears complete including the highest level of glacial Lake Algonquin (Main) through a series of falling glacial lake and post-glacial lake levels. These ancestral lake levels have created a spectacular record of abandoned shore bluffs, beach ridges and bars. Extensive areas of surface sand and gravel deposited in ice marginal or subglacial settings and the karst terrain along the crest of the Niagara Escarpment are the main areas of groundwater recharge on Cockburn Island.
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