Готові списки джерел за темами / Bast shoes

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Bast shoes"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 26 липня 2024
Оновлено: 28 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Bast shoes"

1

Kornishina, Galina A. "Traditions of the Production of Bast Shoes from the Mordovians." Economic History 19, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.061.019.202302.109-120.

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Анотація:
Introduction. The article discusses the structure of the craft associated with the manufacture of bast shoes among the Mordovians in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. It is supposed to consider the level of development of this industry, to identify its quantitative and qualitative characteristics, sources of raw materials, as well as its significance for the traditional economy of Mordovians. Materials and Methods. A comparative historical method was used, on the basis of which the forms of existence of individual components included in the structure of the fishery under consideration were studied, and the trends of changes occurring with it were traced. This method was applied in combination with the analysis of historiographic works and sources, as well as field research methods. Results. Bast shoes among the Mordovians since ancient times were made mainly for the needs of their families. But by the end of the 19th century, this activity turned into handicraft production, which reached a significant size, although it was predominantly local in nature. It included not only the direct production of bast shoes (lapti, stupni), but also the tools used in the manufacture of products, the procurement and primary processing of raw materials – bast, the sale of finished products. Discussion and Conclusion. The production of bast shoes among the Mordovians in the 19th and early 20th centuries remained mainly a household craft in which members of a peasant family were employed. At the beginning of the 20 th century, this industry began to decline. This was due to a decrease in forest area, which led to a shortage of raw materials, as well as low income from it. Bast shoes gradually began to go out of constant use, giving way to handicraft and factory leather shoes. Although, as everyday shoes, they continued to exist among the Mordovians until the middle of the last century.
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2

Pīgozne, Ieva. "Sacred Footwear: Latvian Perceptions in the 19th Century and Today." Yearbook of Balkan and Baltic Studies 7 (July 2024): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ybbs7.08.

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This article sheds light on previously overlooked perceptions of Latvian traditional footwear and demonstrates how both the material of the footwear and the way of obtaining it determined whether shoes were considered sacred and pure or sinful and unlucky. An analysis of folklore texts and the results of a contemporary survey show that wooden shoes made of bast were looked upon as sacred and pure, as opposed to leather which was considered impure. Bast shoes are the cheapest to make, yet historical records from central Latvia show that they were worn for weddings. Peasants did this to ensure success for the couple, suggesting that the choice of footwear was determined by some mythological meaning and not only by practical or financial considerations. Though some new developments can be observed, many modern Latvians tend to sympathize with the perceptions documented a century ago. This allows for estimates of the significance of these perceptions in previous centuries.
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3

Abdullin, Khalim, Mariya Vizgalova, Ayrat Sitdikov, Andrej Starkov, Yulia Fedotova, and Rezida Khramchenkova. "Bast shoes as archaeological material: origin, classification, restoration (the case of the finds made in Sviyazhsk and Kazan)." Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 3, no. 9 (September 20, 2014): 277–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2014.3.9.277.293.

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4

Rõigas, Andres. "The folk costumes of Mulgimaa / The folk costumes of Mulgimaa." Studia Vernacula 8 (November 13, 2017): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sv.2017.8.236-239.

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The impressively substantial 614-page book The Folk Costumes of Mulgimaa is certainly and indisputably a study which has succeeded in delving deep into the subject matter of folk costumes whilst covering a diverse cultural region. The information presented in the book can be seen as a remarkable study aid also in the ongoing revival of the practice of wearing folk costumes. Although the aim of the book is to introduce and describe folk costumes, the added value of the brief yet detailed overview of the history and formation of Mulgimaa is apparent. The history of the people of Mulgimaa cannot be told simply as a story of a dialect area, it should rather be the story of the development of a region rooted in that particular dialect area. As a result of certain historical and natural coincidences, Mulgimaa can be regarded as the birthplace of capitalism in Estonia. In addition to the specific linguistic characteristics, which now are gradually disappearing from common use, the people of Mulgimaa have so far been often mentioned in connection with the establishment of an entirely new type of dwelling, ensuing from their prosperity, the manor homes. Although Mulgimaa consists of five parishes, the book has been divided into four large chapters. While Helme, Tarvastu, and Paistu have each been allocated a separate chapter, Halliste and Karksi have been treated in a single chapter. The folk costumes of Mulgimaa are a combination of comfort and practicality. While observing the photographs and concentrating on footwear, it is striking to note that even almost a century and a half ago people were not generally photographed when wearing bast shoes or soft-sole leather shoes, if they had a nice pair of shoes or calf-length boots to put on instead. The same period is characterised by archaic long coats that were worn by both men and women. What is remarkable is the fact that the authors have endeavoured to find as many historical photographs, surviving items of clothing and fragments of clothing from various (museum) collections as possible and also tried to connect them with real people’s memories and stories. The detailed information along with the descriptions that are revealed in the book will presumably be essential for the craftsmen who wish to recreate and/or restore more authentic and historically accurate folk costumes. While many cultures believe that women are usually the ones who wear and uphold the tradition of wearing folk costumes, I would like to point out that based on my own previous experience, the presence of men’s clothing, too, is respected, hopefully permanently so, in Mulgimaa. In addition to the book’s in-depth overview, its historical approach, and its detailed descriptions, this volume can still be used as a handbook to those involved in the rapidly reviving tradition of wearing folk costume.
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5

Rõigas, Andres. "The folk costumes of Mulgimaa / The folk costumes of Mulgimaa." Studia Vernacula 8 (November 13, 2017): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sv.2017.8.236-239.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
The impressively substantial 614-page book The Folk Costumes of Mulgimaa is certainly and indisputably a study which has succeeded in delving deep into the subject matter of folk costumes whilst covering a diverse cultural region. The information presented in the book can be seen as a remarkable study aid also in the ongoing revival of the practice of wearing folk costumes. Although the aim of the book is to introduce and describe folk costumes, the added value of the brief yet detailed overview of the history and formation of Mulgimaa is apparent. The history of the people of Mulgimaa cannot be told simply as a story of a dialect area, it should rather be the story of the development of a region rooted in that particular dialect area. As a result of certain historical and natural coincidences, Mulgimaa can be regarded as the birthplace of capitalism in Estonia. In addition to the specific linguistic characteristics, which now are gradually disappearing from common use, the people of Mulgimaa have so far been often mentioned in connection with the establishment of an entirely new type of dwelling, ensuing from their prosperity, the manor homes. Although Mulgimaa consists of five parishes, the book has been divided into four large chapters. While Helme, Tarvastu, and Paistu have each been allocated a separate chapter, Halliste and Karksi have been treated in a single chapter. The folk costumes of Mulgimaa are a combination of comfort and practicality. While observing the photographs and concentrating on footwear, it is striking to note that even almost a century and a half ago people were not generally photographed when wearing bast shoes or soft-sole leather shoes, if they had a nice pair of shoes or calf-length boots to put on instead. The same period is characterised by archaic long coats that were worn by both men and women. What is remarkable is the fact that the authors have endeavoured to find as many historical photographs, surviving items of clothing and fragments of clothing from various (museum) collections as possible and also tried to connect them with real people’s memories and stories. The detailed information along with the descriptions that are revealed in the book will presumably be essential for the craftsmen who wish to recreate and/or restore more authentic and historically accurate folk costumes. While many cultures believe that women are usually the ones who wear and uphold the tradition of wearing folk costumes, I would like to point out that based on my own previous experience, the presence of men’s clothing, too, is respected, hopefully permanently so, in Mulgimaa. In addition to the book’s in-depth overview, its historical approach, and its detailed descriptions, this volume can still be used as a handbook to those involved in the rapidly reviving tradition of wearing folk costume.
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6

Zakharova, Olga. "PETER THE GREAT IN THE FOLKLORE LEGENDS OF THE 19TH — EARLY 20TH CENTURIES: PLOTS, MOTIFS, GENRE PROBLEM." Проблемы исторической поэтики 19, no. 1 (February 2021): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j9.art.2021.9202.

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Peter the Great is one of the most popular characters in the folk prose of the Russian North. His sojourns in thinly populated and inaccessible places had left a noticeable mark in the people's memory. The first tales about him were written in the mid-18th century. Researchers define the genre of these works in different ways. They are classified as folklore, legends, fairy tales, anecdotes, stories about royal favors. The main motifs they contain are release from work, communication with ordinary people, treats, presenting with a caftan, coat, cloth, money, infliction and compensation for losses. They often contain the motif of Peter the Great's recognition of the enemy's superiority over himself in strength, ingenuity, resourcefulness, navigation, carpentry, making bast shoes, etc. As a rule, the plots of folklore stories are a convoluted mix of motifs from works of different genres. Some of them have magical significance: a miraculous dream, signs, the fulfillment of a prediction, the uncovering of relics, magical punishment, the petrification of Peter the Great in the monument (The Bronze Horseman), etc. A feature characteristic of folklore history is the multiplicity and ambiguity of their genre manifestations. Oral stories about Peter the Great are historically unreliable: the narrator knows a fact in the most general sense, and it is subsequently comprehended in accordance with popular ideas about power. The Tsar is recognizable as a historical person, but he acts in the genre paradigm of a cultural hero. Historical legends about Peter the Great characterize the formation and development of the folk poetic myth of a just tsar who values the common people, lives in the interests of the state, and is concerned about the future of Russia.
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7

Peng, Wen Li, Hai Ming Jin, and Xiao Wei Dong. "Methods of Shoes Style Creation Design." Advanced Materials Research 424-425 (January 2012): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.424-425.197.

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As the economics developing, the traditional design can not meet the changeable customers demand. So the research on methods of new products design becomes valuable. In this paper, the methods of shoes style creation design were discussed. On the base of knowledge, several kinds of methods were put forward to realize shoes style creation design, including exciting creation-intelligence encouragement, expanding creation thought and way, analyzing style, reverse design, series design by analogy and judgment and part modification, reference and association. And a standard for shoes style creation design was also raised. The research mentioned above offers a new thought of shoes style creation design.
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8

Abdul Yamin, Noor Arifah Azwani, Khairul Salleh Basaruddin, Ahmad Faizal Salleh, Mohammad Shahril Salim, and Wan Zuki Azman Wan Muhamad. "Effects of Running Surface Stiffness on Three-Segment Foot Kinematics Responses with Different Shod Conditions." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2021 (January 30, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8842591.

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Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of surface stiffness on multisegment foot kinematics and temporal parameters during running. Methods. Eighteen male subjects ran on three different surfaces (i.e., concrete, artificial grass, and rubber) in both heeled running shoes (HS) and minimal running shoes (MS). Both these shoes had dissimilar sole profiles. The heeled shoes had a higher sole at the heel, a thick base, and arch support, whereas the minimal shoes had a flat base sole. Indeed, the studied biomechanical parameters responded differently in the different footwear during running. Subjects ran in recreational mode speed while 3D foot kinematics (i.e., joint rotation and peak medial longitudinal arch (MLA) angle) were determined using a motion capture system (Qualysis, Gothenburg, Sweden). Information on stance time and plantar fascia strain (PFS) was also collected. Results. Running on different surface stiffness was found to significantly affect the peak MLA angles and stance times for both HS and MS conditions. However, the results showed that the joint rotation angles were not sensitive to surface stiffness. Also, PFS showed no relationship with surface stiffness, as the results were varied as the surface stiffness was changed. Conclusion. The surface stiffness significantly contributed towards the effects of peak MLA angle and stance time. These findings may enhance the understanding of biomechanical responses on various running surfaces stiffness in different shoe conditions.
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9

Aditya, Vikra, Dirja Nur Ilham, Fauzun Atabiq, Dina Miftahul Jannah, and Muhammad Khoiruddin Harahap. "Designing an IoT-based footstep counter for sports shoes." JATAED: Journal of Appropriate Technology for Agriculture, Environment, and Development 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.62671/jataed.v1i1.2.

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Shoes are general footwear that can be used when exercising, working, formal events, or just to sweeten your appearance. Shoes used for sports have a slightly different shape from shoes in general, in terms of covering the left and right sides, the base, and the design, but most shoes do not have a device to count the steps taken. To overcome this, researchers have created a tool in shoes that can count the user's footsteps while exercising. A step counter on shoes based on the internet of things uses NodeMCU and an IR sensor which functions to detect every step of the shoe wearer. The result of the detected step count will be displayed in the blynk application. NodeMCU and IR sensors will be connected to the Blynk application using the internet network. When the step counter on the shoe and the hotspot are turned on, the results of the foot count will appear on the Blynk application on the smartphone. Footstep data detected by the IR sensor corresponds to the number of steps counted manually. The test results from a 150-meter step counter, obtained results of 207 steps in 3 minutes when walking casually, 223 steps in 1 minute 30 seconds when walking fast, and 264 steps when running in a period of 1 minute 15 seconds.
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10

Hopkalo, O. V. "TO THE QUESTION ABOUT THE CHERNYAKHIV—SINTANA-DE-MUREŞ CULTURE BEARERS’ SHOES." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 44, no. 3 (June 7, 2022): 385–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2022.03.25.

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Sources for the study and reconstruction of the shoes of Chernyakhiv—Sintana-de-Mureş Culture’s bearers are finds of shoe sets (buckles and strap-ends), as well as a half-boot-shaped clay beaker from Kaborga. Analysis of archaeological materials allows to solve the questions of the date and origin of shoes with straps, but unfortunately do not give any idea about their kind. Ceramic model compensates for it. The prototypes of barbarian shoes as well as half-boots are known by many images of the 1st—2nd cent. However, neither of them includes shoes with straps. A brief review of late antique footwear researches’ results provides almost complete information about it’s composition, distinctive features for different layers of ancient society, and the opposition of ancient and barbarian footwear in iconography. The Carrand Diptych, which depicts half-boots with straps, is of great importance for the disclosure of the topic. In addition, the expansion of the research’s source base allows us to take a new look at the spread of shoe fashion with a set, as well as to propose some hypotheses about shoes of the Chernyakhiv—Sintana-de-Mureş Culture’s bearers. 1. I propose to consider the clay beaker from Kaborga as a model of roman calcei. 2. «Fashion» for shoes with straps at the end of the 4st — the first half of the 5st cent. among the population of the South-Western Crimea arose and spread, thanks to the Alans. However, another explanation is also possible. The prototype of such shoes could be depicted on the Stilicho, on the diptych from Monza. The shoes of such kind could be gifted to the Bosporian elite and it preserved in the form of gold shoe buckles and strap-ends in the polychrome style from the Kerch tombs. 3, 4. I propose to consider possible usage of stockings by women and possible «offering» of an additional pair of shoes in the Chernyakhiv—Sintana-de-Mureş Сulture’s graves.
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Дисертації з теми "Bast shoes"

1

Azzam, Diya Mahmoud. "Fatigue Behavior of Highway Welded Aluminum Light Pole Support Structures." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1146490346.

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2

LIN, HENG-HUNG, and 林恒弘. "A Study of the Relationship among Brand Image, Purchasing Motivations, and Customer Loyalty of Choosing Running Shoes － A Case Study of Sergeants at Zuoying Naval Base in Kaohsiung." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wjc9bt.

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碩士
國立高雄師範大學
體育學系
105
Abstract In recent years, the military has continuously strengthened the physical and mental requirements , so that military more attention to the sporting goods, especially running shoes. Accordingly, it is necessary to explore the differences and relationship among brand image, purchasing motivation, and customer loyalty on demographics of sergeants. There are three purposes of this research. First, to understand the current conditions of brand image, purchasing motivation, and customer loyalty of sergeants. Secondly, to explore the differences on brand image, purchasing motivation, and customer loyalty on different demographics of sergeants. Finally, to analyze the relevant circumstances of brand image, purchasing motivation, and customer loyalty of sergeants. Based on participauts of sergeants at Zuoying Naval Base in Kaohsiung, we use scales of basic information of sergeants, brand image, and customer loyalty of sergeants as research tool. After deleting the items of questionnaire via pretest, 800 questionnaires were issued, 758 questionnaires returned, and 86 questionnaires were invalid, effective questionnaire 672, effective refurned rate was 84%. The research data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, reliability test, factor analysis, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, as well as Pearson product-moment correlation to analyze and obtain the conclusions of research. There were nine conclusions of this research. First, acknowledgement of “brand image” of choosing running shoes of sergeants at Zuoying Naval Base in Kaohsiung is higher than middle degree and they had the highest scores in “function;” secondly, acknowledgement of “purchasing motivations” of choosing running shoes of sergeants at Zuoying Naval Base in Kaohsiung was higher than middle degree and they had the highest scores in “personal motivation;”thirdly, acknowledgement of “customer loyalty” of choosing running shoes of sergeants at Zuoying Naval Base in Kaohsiung is higher than middle degree and they have the highest scores in “behavior loyalty;”fourth, different demographic variables were associated with acknowledgement of “brand image” of choosing running shoes of sergeants had significant differences; fifth, different demographic variables were associated with acknowledgement of “purchasing motivations” of choosing running shoes of sergeants had significant differences; sixth, different demographic variables were associated with acknowledgement of “customer loyalty” of choosing running shoes of sergeants had significant differences; seventh, the brand image had a positive relationship with purchasing motivation; eighth, the brand image had a positive relationship with customer loyalty; ninth, the purchasing motivation has a positive relationship with customer loyalty. According to the research analyses and results, a proposal was made as per the following five suggestions for reference of the armed forces and vendors: first, to offer the multiple channels of purchasing running shoes to sergeants to enhance the willingness of going jogging; secondly, to adopt the marketing strategy to the youth of the population of sergeants as the market segmentations; thirdly, the target customers for the marketing activities can be those who have higher purchasing motivation among the demographic variables; fourth, to build a good customer relationship so that they can win customers with higher loyalty for the constant purchasing; fifth, to improve the brand image of running shoes to gain more acknowledgement both of purchasing motivation and customer loyalty of sergeants. In addition, refining research methods, increasing research variables, and adopting a panel study are suggested for future study. Keywords: Running Shoes, Brand Image, Purchasing Motivations, Customer Loyalty
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Книги з теми "Bast shoes"

1

Crummel, Susan Stevens. Ten-Gallon Bart and the Wild West Show. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2008.

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2

Great Britain. Manpower Services Commission. Vocational Education and Training Group., Retail Consortium Training Working Group., and National Retail Training Council, eds. The training information base for the industry agreed training provision: Developing a nationally recognised training framework for the retail shops sector of the distributive industry. Sheffield: Manpower Services Commission, 1986.

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3

Pinskaya, Milyausha, Nikolay Milogolov, Kermen Cagan-Mandzhieva, and Tat'yana Loginova. Current trends in the development of international taxation. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1111362.

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The monograph is devoted to current trends in international taxation, aimed at developing a methodology for countering the erosion of the tax base, as well as practical issues of its application in modern Russia and abroad. The results of the BEPS Project initiated by the G20 member countries under the leadership of the OECD were evaluated. The analysis of the Russian rules for determining transfer prices for intangible assets in the light of the OECD recommendations issued under the BEPS Project is carried out. The article summarizes the legal approaches to countering the abuse of Double Taxation Agreements abroad and shows their development in Russia. The economic analysis of the scale and consequences of the erosion of the national tax base is made. An assessment of the potential fiscal and economic effects of the creation of special administrative regions in the Kaliningrad Region and Primorsky Krai was carried out. Recommendations on the strategy of the long-term tax policy of the Russian Federation in the field of international taxation have been developed. It is addressed to economists, lawyers, managers, managers and specialists of federal government bodies, as well as teachers, postgraduates and students of economic and law universities and faculties, students of the professional development system.
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4

Ėkh, lapti moi. Ri︠a︡zanʹ: Narodnyĭ Soi︠u︡z, 2015.

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5

Fremerman, Mary. Bass Pro Shops Hunting and Fishing Directory: Outfitters, Guides and Lodges. Derrydale Press, The, 2001.

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6

Fremerman, Marv. Bass Pro Shops Hunting and Fishing Directory: Outfitters, Guides, and Lodges. Derrydale Press, The, 2001.

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7

Bass Pro Shops Hunting and Fishing Directory: Outfitters, Guides and Lodges. The Derrydale Press, 2001.

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8

McNally & co. [from old catalog] Rand. Friendswood, NASA, Texas: Including Clear Lake Shores, El Largo, Ellington Air Force Base, Kemah ... Webster. Rand McNally Map Services Company [distributor], 1991.

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9

Crummel, Susan Stevens. Ten-Gallon Bart and the Wild West Show. Amazon Publishing, 2013.

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10

Carter, Michelle. The artist's guide to successfully exhibiting at convention center shows and other fine art fairs: Powerful venues for broadening your client base. Art Calendar Pub, 1995.

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Частини книг з теми "Bast shoes"

1

Xie, Jian, Yongquan Zhou, and Zhonghua Tang. "Differential Lévy-Flights Bat Algorithm for Minimization Makespan in Permutation Flow Shops." In Intelligent Computing Theories and Technology, 179–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39482-9_21.

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2

Sligting, Catharina. "The creative tourist and the creating artist: the base for rural development." In Creative tourism: activating cultural resources and engaging creative travellers, 118–23. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789243536.0016.

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Abstract This brief essay explores how arts-based creative tourism contributes to positive attitudes towards rural and natural areas, both by participating creative tourists and artists as well as by the local community. It shows the necessity of a sense of place, an awareness, a consciousness of the valorization of art as a creative force to break the negative downward spiral of negligence, outmigration, isolation, and dependency of small rural communities in rural and natural areas.
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3

Rauth, Philipp. "Ditransitive constructions in the history of German." In Ditransitives in Germanic Languages, 80–114. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sigl.7.03rau.

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In modern Standard German, the base order of direct and indirect full noun objects in the ‘Mittelfeld’ is considered to be IO>DO. Deviation from this order is influenced by various linguistic factors such as prosody, complexity, syntactic structure, animacy, definiteness, and information structure. Does this also hold for dialectal and historical varieties of German? In order to answer this question, I present results of a comprehensive diachronic corpus study (8th–20th century) on the significance of these factors, which in sum involved about 2,100 instances of ditransitives. My data shows that, at least since the 11th century, information structure has been the most important and stable factor for the inversion of the base order: A given or more salient DO significantly increases the likelihood for DO>IO. However, IO>DO remains the predominant order throughout the history of German.
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4

Salve, Urmi R., Ganesh S. Jadhav, and Hemant K. Shete. "Design Solution of Shoe Sole (Base of the Footwear) Preparation in Traditional Hand Sewn Footwear Manufacturing: A Case Study on Kolhapuri Chappal." In Advances in Ergonomics in Design, 995–1003. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60582-1_100.

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5

Schumann, Jan-Erik, Markus Fertig, Volker Hannemann, Thino Eggers, and Klaus Hannemann. "Numerical Investigation of Space Launch Vehicle Base Flows with Hot Plumes." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 179–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_11.

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Abstract The flow field around generic space launch vehicles with hot exhaust plumes is investigated numerically. Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations are thermally coupled to a structure solver to allow determination of heat fluxes into and temperatures in the model structure. The obtained wall temperatures are used to accurately investigate the mechanical and thermal loads using Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulations (IDDES) as well as RANS. The investigated configurations feature cases both with cold air and hot hydrogen/ water vapour plumes as well as cold and hot wall temperatures. It is found that the presence of a hot plume increases the size of the recirculation region and changes the pressure distribution on the nozzle structure and thus the loads experienced by the vehicle. The same effect is observed when increasing the wall temperatures. Both RANS and IDDES approaches predict the qualitative changes between the configurations, but the reattachment location predicted by IDDES is up to 7% further upstream than that predicted by RANS. Additionally, the heat flux distribution along the nozzle and base surface is analysed and shows significant discrepancies between RANS and IDDES, especially on the nozzle surface and in the base corner.
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6

Srinivas, Smita. "Cupboard Full, Cupboard Empty: The Industrial Building Blocks of Covid-19 and Cancer Systems." In Cancer Care in Pandemic Times: Building Inclusive Local Health Security in Africa and India, 115–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44123-3_6.

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AbstractIndustrial organization is central to cancer care and local health security. This chapter shows why that is so, starting from the experiences of the author of working across health/industrial boundaries under pressure during the pandemic in India. India has a much stronger local industrial base and innovative capabilities than Kenya or Tanzania, yet it struggles to build on that advantage to improve access to timely cancer care for its population. The chapter’s framing challenges the reader to grasp the complexity of responsibility in designing viable policy to address the linkages and gaps between the industrial sector and the health system that uses the products.
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7

Quicke, Donald, Buntika A. Butcher, and Rachel Kruft Welton. "Adding photographs." In Practical R for biologists: an introduction, 332–34. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245349.0029.

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Abstract This chapter shows how to insert photographic files into plots. The R base package does not have any tools for handling photographs, but recently Simon Urbanek has created the CRAN packages jpeg (which seems to work with most versions) and tiff (which allows importing and exporting some of the standard tiff file types), and displaying them on the console. Inevitably because there are various graphics devices used by different R versions on different systems there will probably have to be some fiddling with code to get the perfect output. It may be easier on a MacOSX, and PCs do not support some graphics features of tiff files.
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Quicke, Donald, Buntika A. Butcher, and Rachel Kruft Welton. "Adding photographs." In Practical R for biologists: an introduction, 332–34. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245349.0332.

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Abstract This chapter shows how to insert photographic files into plots. The R base package does not have any tools for handling photographs, but recently Simon Urbanek has created the CRAN packages jpeg (which seems to work with most versions) and tiff (which allows importing and exporting some of the standard tiff file types), and displaying them on the console. Inevitably because there are various graphics devices used by different R versions on different systems there will probably have to be some fiddling with code to get the perfect output. It may be easier on a MacOSX, and PCs do not support some graphics features of tiff files.
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9

Tolstoy, Leo. "5." In War and Peace. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199232765.003.0317.

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The rain had stopped, and only the mist was falling and drops from the trees. Denisov, the esaul, and Petya rode silently, following the peasant in the knitted cap who, stepping lightly with out-turned toes and moving noiselessly in his bast shoes over the...
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"The edicts of Prussian authorities. The edict of Frederick William I concerning the bast shoes, 1 August 1724." In The edicts of Prussian authorities. The repeated edict of Frederick II prohibiting to cut down young oaks, 19 July 1770, edited by Mindaugas Šinkūnas and Vytautas Zinkevičius. Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35321/e-pub.51.prusijos-isakas-1724-08-01.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Bast shoes"

1

Nieman, Craigory. "“Put Yourself in Their Shoes”: Developing a Knowledge Base in Urban Physical Education." In 2024 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/2094856.

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Bowland, Adam G., Josh Wright, and Aaron P. Darby. "If the Shoe Fits: Design of 765-kV Tower Base Plates." In Electrical Transmission and Substation Structures 2022. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784484463.007.

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3

Daneshkhah, Ali Reza, and Craig C. Menzemer. "Long-Term Fatigue Behavior of Aluminum Shoe Base Details Top Mounted Luminaries." In Structures Congress 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480427.032.

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Alex, Antemie, Harnagea Florentina, and Popp Aurel. "ADVANCED VIRTUAL FOOTWEAR DESIGN, BY RENDERING SHOE MODELS, INSTEAD OF DRAWING." In eLSE 2012. Editura Universitara, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-12-066.

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Taking one step futher in specialized footwear CAD applications, is generating the base shoe model, instead of interactive drawing. This original technique, treats a shoe design as a parametrical form, by associating modelling mathematical laws with each classical design step from the theory. By implementing this concept in computer programming, an operator can create a solid design in a few seconds, and a shoe family (base model variations) in a few minutes, which represents a huge time economy, comparing to other design methods. The main advantage is that the operator resources are saved, so he can focus on the final design sooner, rather than paing attention to the design steps. Also, because entire design is starting from scratch, this application has an educative roll, by helping students to undertstand the correlation between footwear design steps. This paper shows which mathematical laws are used to convert a design step in a software rendering routine, the final application friendly-interface, exemples of different rendered shoe models and the integration of this software in the CAD specialized footwear applications . The mathematical laws are treated from a general perspective, and the software is focused on a management for this laws, how they are combined and their usage restrictions; also, approximation code for rendering the shape is explained here; the application allows the operator to use three different level for data regression and interpolation, depending on the hardware performance. The interface is build intuitive, based on the design parameters for footwear base models. For faster rendering, there had been presented sets of variables that trigger the software behaviour, and so the final design. Finally, the integration of this software within the CAD enviroment treats compatibility issues with other applications, like the files encryption qnd modular integration.
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5

Das, Avisnata, Aleksandra Trojak, Benjamin Giles, Aqeel Jamil, Joanna Dowman, Andrew Fowell, and Richard Aspinall. "P5 Polycystic liver disease shows significant differences between male and female patient populations in terms of symptom severity, age of diagnosis and radiological characteristics but with similar rates of complications." In Abstracts of the British Association for the Study of the Liver Annual Meeting, 19–22 September 2023. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2023-basl.21.

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6

Müller, Rolf, Philip Caspers, Yanqing Fu, and Anupam K. Gupta. "Bioinspired Dynamic Sensing of Acoustic Waves." In ASME/JSME/KSME 2015 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2015-4680.

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Biosonar is one of the most capable active senses found in nature and in engineering. It enables certain bat species, such as the horseshoe bats (family Rhinolophidae) and the Old World leaf-nosed bats (family Hipposideridae) to navigate and pursue prey in dense natural environments. Bats from these families also stand out for the dynamics of their biosonar systems that is evident in shape-changing baffles that diffract the ultrasonic wave packets on emission as well as on reception. Some of the acoustic effects predicted for the dynamics in bats have been reproduced qualitatively with a simple biomimetic sonar head. Experimentation with this biomimetic system shows that the dynamic baffles are capable of creating time-variant signatures that could be employed to enhance the encoding of sensory information. Such time-variant sensing paradigms may not be unique to biosonar but may also play a role in the control of the bat’s time-variant flight.
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7

Shishodia, Gauri, Rhodee Ric G. Toledo, Xiahuao Rong, Adam Y. Xiao, Lynn Harrison, and Cherie Ann Nathan. "Abstract 1368: 4NQO shows formation of yH2AX foci, oxidative base damage and activates DNA repair pathway preferentially in HPV positive HNSCC cells." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2020; April 27-28, 2020 and June 22-24, 2020; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-1368.

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8

Hada, Satoshi, Kenichiro Takeishi, Yutaka Oda, Seijiro Mori, and Yoshihiro Nuta. "The Effect of Leading Edge Diameter on the Horse Shoe Vortex and Endwall Heat Transfer." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50892.

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The endwall of the first stage vane / blade of modern high temperature gas turbine has been exposed to severe heat transfer environments. Due to the formation of a horse shoe vortex (HV), the flow field of a vane and blade leading edge juncture to endwall is especially complicated and it is difficult to estimate the heat transfer coefficients and the film cooling effectiveness levels in this area. This paper describes the results of experimental and numerical studies on the heat transfer and flow dynamics in the leading edge endwall region of a symmetric airfoil. The effects of inlet velocity, boundary layer thickness and leading edge diameter of a symmetric airfoil were investigated on the endwall heat transfer in a low speed wind tunnel facility. The time averaged local heat transfer coefficients were measured by naphthalene sublimation method and the instantaneous velocity field was obtained by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). As the leading edge diameter of symmetric airfoil decreases, the heat transfer coefficients on an endwall increases and is proportional to Re0.71 that is base on the leading edge diameter. However, the boundary layer thickness was found to have a marginal effect on the endwall heat transfer.
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9

Wang, Yiyu, Yi Yang, Yanfei Gao, Jorge Penso, and Zhili Feng. "A Study of Stress Relaxation Cracking Mechanism in a 347H Steel Pipe-Shoe Weldment After Five-Year Service." In ASME 2023 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2023-105755.

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Abstract 347H stainless steel has been widely used for piping, furnace tubes, pressure vessels and other pressure boundary components in oil refining plants because of its excellent high-temperature strength and high oxidation and sulfidation resistance. However, cracking failures in 347H steel weldments could occasionally occur and significantly shorten lifetimes of those welded heater components. In this work, a comprehensive metallurgical analysis was conducted on a cracked 347H steel pipe-shoe weldment after only about 5-year service at a petroleum refinery. Premature cracking mechanisms of this pipe-shoe weld were studied in detail by correlating multiple factors, including service conditions, weld configuration, chemical compositions, and microstructure degradations. Microstructural characteristics of different regions in the weld, including fusion zone, heat affected zone, and base metal, were examined using multi-scale microscopic techniques. The results show the cracks initiated at the fusion boundary in the weld toe and propagated towards the heat affected zone and base metal in an intergranular manner. The cracks grew via connecting grain boundary cavities formed during service. Insufficient precipitation strengthening from M23C6, and MX assisted nucleation and growth of cavities along grain boundaries was observed. Ferrite formation along grain boundary induced a high localized strain along grain boundaries, which also favored crack propagation. Due the thermal gradient during service, the microstructure degradation (cavities) along the pipe wall thickness direction was not uniform, the region near the outer diameter has more cavities than that of the inner diameter wall. It is suspected that the high stresses in the weld toe region caused by the deviation from component’s original design and rotational forces on the weld resulting from the weld configuration, were the main external driving force responsible for this observed early failure. A combination of stress relaxation cracking, thermal stresses, and microstructure degradation was likely the main culprit for this premature cracking issue.
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10

Pei, Yalu, Yilun Liu, and Lei Zuo. "Regenerative Base Isolation With Multi-Resonant Electromagnetic Shunt Dampers." In ASME 2017 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2017-5111.

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Electromagnetic (EM) shunt damping has been recently proposed for dual-functional vibration isolation and energy harvesting. This paper proposed two multi-resonant electromagnetic shunt damper configurations, namely in parallel and in series, with application to the building base isolation system. The electromagnetic shunt circuit parameters were optimized based on the H2 criteria to minimize the RMS relative displacement for the concern of building safety subjected to broad bandwidth ground acceleration excitations. The performance of the proposed multi-resonant electromagnetic shunt dampers was compared with traditional multiple tuned mass dampers (TMDs). It shows that, for multiple TMDs and multi-resonant electromagnetic shunt dampers with 5% total stiffness ratio, the parallel electromagnetic shunt damper can achieve the best vibration isolation performance. Case study of a base-isolated structure was analyzed in both the time and frequency domain to investigate the effectiveness of the multimode electromagnetic shunt resonances. It shows that both multimode shunt circuits outperform the single mode shunt circuit by suppressing the primary and the second vibration modes simultaneously. Comparatively, the parallel shunt damper is more effective in vibration isolation and energy harvesting, and is also more robust in parameter mistuning than the series shunt damper. This paper further experimentally validated the effectiveness of the multi-resonant electromagnetic shunt damper on a scaled-down base-isolated building.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Bast shoes"

1

Boysen-Urban, Kirsten, Hans Grinsted Jensen, and Martina Brockmeier. Extending the GTAP Data Base and Model to Cover Domestic Support Issues using the EU as Example. GTAP Technical Paper, June 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.tp35.

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The EU Single Farm Payment (SFP) is currently distributed in proportion to primary factor shares in version 8 of the GTAP database. In this paper, we investigate whether this way of modeling the EU SFP makes a difference in analyzing agricultural policy reforms. To do so, we create alternative versions of the GTAP database to compare the effects with the default setting in GTAP. Employing OECD data, along with the GTAP framework, we vary the assumptions about the allocation of the SFP. In the process, we demonstrate how to alter and update the GTAP database to implement domestic support of OECD PSE tables. We provide a detailed overview supplemented with assumptions of payment allocation, shock calculations and in particular, the Altertax procedure to update value flows and price equations extended in the GTAP model. Subsequently, we illustrate the impact of those assumptions by simulating a 100% removal of the SFP using the deviating versions of GTAP database. This sensitivity analysis reveals strong differences in results, but particularly in production responses of food and agricultural sectors that decrease with an increasing degree of decoupling. Furthermore, our analysis shows that the effect on welfare and the trade balance decreases with an increasing degree of decoupling. This experiment shows that the allocation of the SFP can have strong impacts on simulation results.
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2

Walmsley, Terrie, S. Amer Ahmed, and Christopher Parsons. A Global Bilateral Migration Data Base: Skilled Labor, Wages and Remittances. GTAP Research Memoranda, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.rm06.

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The lack of data on the movement of people, their wages and remittances has been the biggest impediment to the analysis of temporary and permanent migration between countries. Recent efforts in this area by Parsons, Skeldon, Walmsley and Winters (2005) to construct a global bilateral matrix of foreign born populations; and by Docquier and Markouk (2004) on the education levels of migrant labor have significantly improved the data available for analysis. In this paper these new databases (Parsons et al, 2005 and Docquier and Markouk, 2004) are employed to construct a globally consistent database of bilateral population, labor by skill, wages and remittances which can be used for modeling migration issues . Although the new databases have significantly improved access to migration data, data on the skills of migrant labor are incomplete and bilateral remittances data is unavailable. This paper examines the underlying data available, and then outlines the techniques used and the assumptions made to construct bilateral data on migrant labor by skills, remittances and wages. Once constructed the relationships within the migration data are examined. We draw on work undertaken on trade intensity indexes by Brown (1949), Kojima (1964), and Drysdale and Garnaut (1982) to analyze the intensity of labor migration between host and home country pairs. The results confirm that skilled labor migration is considerably more important than unskilled migration and that people migrate to both developed and developing economies. A method for further examining the reasons for the intensities is provided which decomposes the intensity indexes into a regional bias, a selection-skill bias and a region-skill bias. The decomposition shows that there are substantial regional biases in migration patterns resulting from historical ties and common borders. These regional biases are much greater than those which exist in trade.
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3

Liu, Jing, Nico van Leeuwen, Tri Thanh Vo, Rod Tyers, and Thomas Hertel. Disaggregating Labor Payments by Skill Level in GTAP. GTAP Technical Paper, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.tp11.

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This paper outlines an approach to disaggregating labor payments in the GTAP, global economic data base. The split between low- and high-skilled labor is based on occupational data. High-skilled labor is assumed to consist of managers, administrators, professionals, and para-professionals. Data are gathered on this occupational split, by sector, in fifteen different economies, and these are mapped to GTAP sectors. Regression analysis shows a systematic relationship between GDP per capita and the national stock of tertiary and secondary educated labor on the one hand, and the sectoral labor payments split on the other. This model is used to predict labor splits, by sector, in the remaining GTAP regions. The results are evaluated in terms of the implied economywide skilled -unskilled labor payment ratio. Overall, the results seem promising enough to warrant inclusion in the GTAP, version 4 data base.
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4

Stickney, Christy. Many Paths to a Home: Emerging Business Models for Latin America and the Caribbean's Base of the Pyramid. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006231.

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The lack of adequate housing is a problem throughout Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Almost 40 percent of families in the region live in a house beyond repair, have no title, or lack water, sewerage, electricity, adequate building materials, or space. It is estimated that by 2015, that number will increase by 10 percent. Only an investment of at least $310 billion will close the region's current housing gap, that is 7.8 percent of LAC's GDP. The demand for improved housing among the base of the pyramid (BOP) has been consistently strong and represents a relatively steady proportion of the overall income of this segment of the population. Yet the supply of innovative and tailored solutions continues to be limited. This report presents and analyzes promising business models that are enabling companies and other organizations to provide services and products to the BOP and in doing so help address the region's pressing housing deficit. The business models show that BOP families have both the willingness and the economic capacity to make a down payment and pay monthly installments for a finished housing solution. They also demonstrate that BOP families can afford to take out a loan for home construction or improvements if financial products are designed to take into account their particular circumstances, which include labor informality or low formal wages, lack of appropriate collateral, and a volatile wage-earning scheme. Most importantly, these models expose the vast opportunities for the private sector to enter and serve the BOP market. Demand at the BOP is latent and growing, and business models with the potential to serve this market segment are in need of adequate financing. This shows that the market opportunity is there for developers, suppliers of construction materials, financial institutions, and impact investors.
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5

McAlpin, Jennifer, and Cassandra Ross. Houston Ship Channel Expansion Channel Improvement Project (ECIP) numerical modeling report : BABUS cell and Bird Island analysis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41581.

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The Houston Ship Channel (HSC) is one of the busiest deep-draft navigation channels in the United States and must be able to accommodate increasing vessel sizes. The US Army Engineer District, Galveston (SWG), requested the Engineer Research and Development Center, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, perform hydrodynamic and sediment modeling of proposed modifications in Galveston and Trinity Bays and along the HSC. The modeling results are necessary to provide data for hydrodynamic, salinity, and sediment transport analysis. SWG provided three project alternatives that include closing Rollover Pass, Bay Aquatic Beneficial Use System cells, Bird Islands, and HSC modifications. These alternatives and a Base (existing condition) will be simulated for present (2029) and future (2079) conditions. The results of these alternatives/conditions as compared to the Base are presented in this report. The model shows that the mean salinity varies by 2–3 ppt due to the HSC channel modifications and by approximately 5 ppt in the area of East Bay due to the closure of Rollover Pass. The tidal prism increases by 2.5% to 5% in the alternatives. The tidal amplitudes change by less than 0.01 m. The residual velocity vectors vary in and around areas where project modifications are made.
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6

Desikan, Anita, and Jacob Carter. Getting Science Back on Track: Voices of Scientists across Six Federal Agencies. Union of Concerned Scientists, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47923/2023.14771.

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To protect the public's safety and health, the US government should base policies on the best evidence—and that requires keeping the work of federal scientists free from political interference. Fortunately, the latest Union of Concerned Scientists survey of federal scientists shows the powerful, positive effects of strengthening scientific integrity policies under President Biden. While challenges remain, the survey found significant improvements in scientific integrity over previous administrations, and scientists say morale and working conditions are better. A majority of those surveyed feel that their agencies have protected scientific staff from COVID-19 in the workplace, and that the agencies frequently consider the impact of their work on historically marginalized communities. Scientists report feeling mostly positive about efforts to incorporate considerations of justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion into research and policy, although perceptions are mixed about the efforts’ long-lasting effectiveness.
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Desikan, Anita, and Jacob Carter. Getting Science Back on Track: Voices of Scientists across Six Federal Agencies. Union of Concerned Scientists, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47923/2022.14771.

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To protect the public's safety and health, the US government should base policies on the best evidence—and that requires keeping the work of federal scientists free from political interference. Fortunately, the latest Union of Concerned Scientists survey of federal scientists shows the powerful, positive effects of strengthening scientific integrity policies under President Biden. While challenges remain, the survey found significant improvements in scientific integrity over previous administrations, and scientists say morale and working conditions are better. A majority of those surveyed feel that their agencies have protected scientific staff from COVID-19 in the workplace, and that the agencies frequently consider the impact of their work on historically marginalized communities. Scientists report feeling mostly positive about efforts to incorporate considerations of justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion into research and policy, although perceptions are mixed about the efforts’ long-lasting effectiveness.
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8

Opare-Kumi, Jennifer. Foundational Learning and Mental Health: Empirical Evidence from Botswana. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2023/133.

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A considerable proportion of mental health problems surface in early childhood and adolescent years, with early onset mental health problems having the potential to affect the long-term development of young people. Research shows that positive teaching and learning school climates are associated with positive socio-emotional, behavioural, and academic student outcomes. The pedagogical intervention Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) creates an enabling learning environments through fun and engaging, targeted instruction—proven to improve foundational numeracy and literacy outcomes of young people. With the current gap in policy relevant mental health and education data in low resource settings, this paper studies the effect of targeted instruction interventions such as TaRL on the mental health and educational outcomes of primary school learners in Botswana. Using a difference in difference design, the study finds that exposure to the learning pedagogy reduces the behavioural and emotional difficulties of children by .15SD when compared to children not yet exposed to the programme. This paper is able to connect the mental health and education literatures, contributing to the evidence base on improving student outcomes.
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9

Fernando, P. U. Ashvin Iresh, Gilbert Kosgei, Matthew Glasscott, Garrett George, Erik Alberts, and Lee Moores. Boronic acid functionalized ferrocene derivatives towards fluoride sensing. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44762.

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In this technical report (TR), a robust, readily synthesized molecule with a ferrocene core appended with one or two boronic acid moieties was designed, synthesized, and used toward F- (free fluoride) detection. Through Lewis acid-base interactions, the boronic acid derivatives are capable of binding with F- in an aqueous solution via ligand exchange reaction and is specific to fluoride ion. Fluoride binding to ferrocene causes significant changes in fluorescence or electrochemical responses that can be monitored with field-portable instrumentation at concentrations below the WHO recommended limit. The F- binding interaction was further monitored via proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). In addition, fluorescent spectroscopy of the boronic acid moiety and electrochemical monitoring of the ferrocene moiety will allow detection and estimation of F- concentration precisely in a solution matrix. The current work shows lower detection limit (LOD) of ~15 μM (285 μg/L) which is below the WHO standards. Preliminary computational calculations showed the boronic acid moieties attached to the ferrocene core interacted with the fluoride ion. Also, the ionization diagrams indicate the amides and the boronic acid groups can be ionized forming strong ionic interactions with fluoride ions in addition to hydrogen bonding interactions.
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Rawling, Geoff C. Winter 2019�2020 Water-Level Elevation Map for the Albuquerque Metropolitan Area. New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58799/ofr-622.

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Residents of the Albuquerque metropolitan area rely in part on groundwater for domestic, municipal, and industrial use. An understanding of changes in groundwater levels and groundwater storage changes in the aquifer is necessary to achieve groundwater management goals set by the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority (2016), henceforth the Water Authority. Periodic and continuous water-level measurements in wells and maps of the water-level elevation surface, or water table, derived from these data are essential tools for understanding the groundwater resources of the region.This report describes the preparation and interpretation of a water-table map for the Albuquerque area for the winter of 2019-2020. Water-level changes and changes in the amount of groundwater in storage in the aquifer since the predevelopment time period are presented. Predevelopment is defined by the map of Bexfield and Anderholm (2000; Fig. 1) and represents conditions prior to 1961. The present study also recasts recent water-level surface and changes since predevelopment in terms of water-level management criteria defined by the Water Authority (2016), shown in the block diagram in Figure 2. Referring to this diagram, the range of water-level elevations from 50 ft of drawdown to 250 ft of drawdown relative to predevelopment conditions is defined as the working reserve. The fuel gauge on the diagram pertains to the water level relative to the base of the working reserve, the 250-ft drawdown level. The 50 ft of aquifer below the working reserve is referred to as the safety reserve. The base of the safety reserve, at 300 ft of drawdown relative to predevelopment, is a conservative estimate of when irreversible compaction effects will start to be felt in the aquifer. The diagram also shows the management level of 110 ft of drawdown, which is a target average value drawdown for wells used by the Water Authority.
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