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Ngoc, Nguyen Huy, Sahalan B. Aziz, and Nguyen Anh Duc. "The application of seismic attributes for reservoir characterization in Pre-Tertiary fractured basement, Vietnam-Malaysia offshore." Interpretation 2, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): SA57—SA66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2013-0081.1.
The Pre-Tertiary fractured basement forms important hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs in the Vietnam-Malaysia offshore area, and is being produced from such reservoirs in Vietnam where the authors have extensive working experiences for both clastics and fractured basement reservoirs and in both exploration and development phases. Due to their very small matrix porosity, the basement rocks become reservoirs only when they are strongly fractured. The quality of the fractured basement reservoirs depends on basement rock type, fracture density, and fracture characteristics including aperture, azimuth, dip, continuity, and fracture system intersection. Three-dimensional seismic data is applied widely to characterize these basement reservoirs. Based on results from applying many different seismic attributes to 3D seismic data from different Pre-Tertiary fractured basements in Vietnam and Malaysia, we demonstrate the utility of attributes in characterizing fractured basement reservoirs. Seismic attributes help predict the basement rock type and fracture characteristics from near top basement to deep inside basement. In the zone near the top of basement, the characteristics of fracture systems can be predicted by amplitude, coherence, curvature, and secondary derivative attributes. Deep inside the basement, relative acoustic impedance and its attributes have been successfully applied to predict the distribution of high fracture density, while dip and azimuth, ant-tracking, and gradient magnitude attributes have proven to be effective for predicting fracture characteristics. The accuracy of fracture characterization based on seismic attributes has been verified by drilling results.
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Stebbings, J. H., J. J. Dignam, M. A. Reilly, T. M. Gerusky, T. T. Hartman, and G. A. Anast. "House Characteristics Associated with Gamma Radiation and Radon Daughter Working Levels in Eastern Pennsylvania." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 24, no. 1-4 (August 1, 1988): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a080310.
Abstract Working levels (WL) of radon daughters and ? measurements in basements are described for ~1200 houses near the Reading Prong. House variables included condition and construction materials of basement floors and walls, basement heights and areas, heating systems, air conditioning, water supply, and presence of drains and sump pumps. WLs were poorly predicted by house characteristics or ? measurements, while ? levels were well predicted by house characteristics and WL. Factors predicting high ? levels tended to be associated with low WLs and vice versa. Dirt basement floors and fieldstone basement walls were strongly associated with high ? levels, as were poor wall conditions in multivariate analyses. Gamma levels were low in electrically heated homes. High WLs were strongly associated with electric heat, low WLs with basement walls of fieldstone and/or in poor condition. Large house volumes and well water supply were also associated with higher WLs.
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Hamburg, Anti, and Targo Kalamees. "The influence of heat loss from pipes in an unheated basement on the heating energy consumption of an entire typical apartment building." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 12005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017212005.
The majority of old apartment buildings were designed with an unheated basement. Building service systems such as district heating heat exchangers and pipes for domestic hot water and for space heating are usually located in this unheated basement. In addition, these locations are connected with shafts. All these pipe’s heat losses increase air temperature in the basement. If these losses are included into the building energy balance, then they decrease heat loss through the basement ceiling. The basement’s heat balance is also dependent on heat loss from the basement envelope and outdoor air exchange in the basement. In early stages of design, designers and energy auditors need rough models to make decisions in limited information conditions. Once the effects of heat losses from pipes become apparent, they need to be factored into the buildings energy balance, and their effects on heat loss through the basement ceiling needs to be calculated. In this paper we analyse the effect these heat losses have on the service system’s heat gains and heat loss through an uninsulated basement ceiling at different basement insulation levels and with different thicknesses of pipe insulation. From our study we found that pipe losses in the basement increase the building energy performance value by at least 4 kWh/(m²∙a) and their impact on a renovated apartment building is very important.
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Alomari, J. A. "Effect of the Presence of Basements on the Vibration Period and Other Seismic Responses of R.C. Frames." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 5 (October 9, 2019): 4712–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3005.
The soil-structure interaction (SSI) of R. C. building frames including basements below ground level has been the subject of extended research, mostly in the form of theoretical dynamic analysis. There are different issues concerned with this type of work, as e.g. the location of the base of the structure. Usually, the base of the structure in dynamic analysis or according to the codes is the level at which the lateral displacement is zero. According to this definition, and with the presence of basement floors and the soil mass below, the ground level may not be the base of the structure. The soil stiffness around basement walls has a great effect on the lateral displacement of the basement floor. Another issue is the effect of the presence of the basement floors on the dynamic behavior of the structure. A third issue is the effect of the soil around the basement walls and the soil mass below the foundation in general, which is known as the SSI. In this paper, 3-dimensional regular building frames subjected to seismic loading are analyzed using SAP2000 software. The first frame is a 5-floor, 3-D frame without including the soil mass below the raft foundation and without a basement floor. The second frame is the same frame with a basement floor and with consideration of the soil mass below the raft foundation and around the walls of the basement floor. The third frame is the same frame with consideration of the soil mass below the raft foundation but without the basement floor. Results of the seismic time history analysis and UBC97 response spectrum analysis are presented and discussed.
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Martins, Cristiano M., Williams A. Lima, Valeria C. Barbosa, and João B. Silva. "Total variation regularization for depth-to-basement estimate: Part 1 — Mathematical details and applications." GEOPHYSICS 76, no. 1 (January 2011): I1—I12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3524286.
We have developed an inversion approach that estimates the basement relief of a fault-bounded sedimentary basin. The sedimentary pack is approximated by a grid of 3D or 2D vertical prisms juxtaposed in the horizontal directions of a right-handed coordinate system. The prisms’ thicknesses represent the depths to the basement and are the parameters to be estimated from the gravity data. To obtain depth-to-basement estimates, we introduce the total variation (TV) regularization as a stabilizing function. This approach lets us estimate a nonsmooth basement relief because it does not penalize sharp features of the solution. We have deduced a compact matrix form of the gradient vector and the Hessian matrix of the approximation to the TV function that allows a regularized Gauss-Newton minimization approach. Because the Hessian matrix of the approximation to the TV function is ill conditioned, we have modified this Hessian matrix to improve its condition and to accelerate the convergence of the Gauss-Newton algorithm. Tests conducted with synthetic data show that the inversion method can delineate discontinuous basements presenting large slips or sequences of small-slip step faults. Tests on field data from the Almada Basin, Brazil, and from the San Jacinto Graben, California, U.S.A., confirm the potential of the method in detecting and locating in-depth normal faults in the basement relief of a sedimentary basin.
Jayadev, Ranjay, and David R. Sherwood. "Basement membranes." Current Biology 27, no. 6 (March 2017): R207—R211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.02.006.
Basement Heart is a collection of short stories with a goal of documenting the manifestations of rage and how it evolves throughout a woman’s life. In these stories, femininity is explored through the aesthetics of the grotesque. Female protagonists seek to inhabit new definitions of female sexuality that combat tired expectations made by society’s misogynistic and objectifying culture. Often, their feelings of unprovoked grief manifest themselves as pursuits of the flesh, which becomes the underlying heartbeat of each story; themes revolve around sex and obsession and explore what happens when sexual fantasies are realized and lived out in the real world. When characters inhabit their bodies in ways that American culture tells women not to, they become viscerally self-aware and better their understanding of what they want. And doing what they want is all these women care about. The characters in Basement Heart are angry, restless, and at times driven mad by their own lust for control.
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Cleutjens, Jacobus Peter Marie. "Basement membrane heterogeneity." Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1989. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5472.
Diaz, Suarez Carlos Fernando. "Basement failure diagnosis expert system /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148784154827184.
Wootton, Andrew. "The glomerular basement membrane and nephritis /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw918.pdf.
The study of Carboniferous basement rocks of northern Britain has concentrated on the dominantly clastic rock succession which unconformably overlies the Lower Palaeozoic basement and occurs beneath the lowermost Carboniferous limestones in areas surrounding the Vale of Eden. The clastic rocks exposed at Shap, the Mell Fells (Ullswater), Sedbergh and Cross Fell, mainly reflect fluvial deposition over an Upper Palaeozoic landscape which locally had considerable topographic relief. Within each clastic rock succession, which throughout the region varies in thickness from ca 4m to over 250m, overall largescale fining upward sequences document the evolution from gravel-dominated braided fluvial to sand-dominated braided fluvial deposits. This evolution is shown to be representative of the downstream transition from localised alluvial fans into a more extensive fluvial braidplain system, the latter also containing marked proximal to distal variations. Palaeocurrents are consistently toward the north and north-east throughout the region, demonstrating the existence of a broad northerly palaeoslope during clastic deposition. Proximal to distal relationships and clast provenance data for each area are used to predict fades variations across the Vale of Eden region and to reconstruct the Palaeogeography. Areas of high ground are shown to be underlain by deep-seated Caledonide granite plutons, evolution of the fluvial braidplain demonstrating that with time denudation of high ground developed fining upward sequences by the superposition of progressively finer grained sediment on coarse. The development of the braidplain system is related to post-intrusive uplift of the granites underlying the highest ground with deposition mainly taking place prior to marine limestones associated with the basal Carboniferous marine transgression. A comparison with the Upper Old Red Sandstone clastic succession of the Northumberland Border Basin is assessed.
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Elena, García Pilar. "Basement-cored uplift deformation in the northern Sierras Pampeanas: Three-dimensional uplift structure, basement deformation, and regional analysis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280775.
The structure of basement-cored uplift mountains is fundamentally controlled by the geometry of the basement and the basement unconformity. In the Sierra de Hualfin, an uplift located in the Sierras Pampeanas of NW Argentina, the well-exposed basement unconformity displays along-strike structural variations. The Sierra de Hualfin is composed of a core of Ordovician granitoid overlain by and thrust over Tertiary sedimentary rocks. The range is uplifted by an east-directed thrust fault, creating a steep range-front on the east and a gently dipping backlimb on the west. In the central region, however, basement and cover rocks in the backlimb are folded. Cross sections across the uplift and a three-dimensional computer model show that the variations along strike are due to differences in the geometry of the underlying fault or faults that deform the basement unconformity. Analysis of the folded basement unconformity on the west side of Sierra de Hualfin shows that brittle processes of faulting, cataclasis and fracture foliation help the basement attain a folded form. Pervasive and continuous joint fractures, and an unconformity-parallel fracture foliation at the surface, set up a condition for "flow" of granitic materials. Additionally, in order for basement to fold, the tip of the underlying fault must be located within the basement before it begins propagating towards the surface. Using the knowledge gained from the detailed structural studies, two regional cross sections were constructed in the region of Sierra de Hualfin, showing spatial and geometric relations between the adjacent uplifts, and the thrust systems of the eastern Puna Plateau. The cross sections show detachment levels at 16 km and ∼27 km for uplifts in the northern Sierras Pampeanas. Thrust faults of the northern Sierras Pampeanas, and of the eastern edge of the Puna can be interpreted as part of the same east-directed thrust system, with intervening west-directed backthrust development. The combination of the modeling of Sierra de Hualfin and the regional cross sections with detachments at 16 to 27 km depth suggests that basement-cored uplifts can be formed by gently-dipping faults detaching in the middle crust and near the base of the crust.
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Devaka, K. Weerakoon Cheung H. Tak. "Interaction of macrophages with the basement membrane." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1995. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9603526.
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1995. Title from title page screen, viewed May 8, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Hou Tak Cheung (chair), David W. Borst, Herman E. Brockman, Alan J. Katz, Anthony J. Otsuka. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-110) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Pless, Jennifer Claire. "Characterising fractured basement using the Lewisian Gneiss Complex, NW Scotland : implications for fracture systems in the Clair Field basement." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3489/.
1-, 2- and 3-dimensional fracture network characteristics of the mainland Lewisian Gneiss Complex (LGC) have been used assess if the LGC is a suitable onshore analogue for the fracture networks within the offshore Clair basement. Faults that cut the Clair basement rocks are becoming increasingly recognised as important structural conduits that connect (oil & gas bearing) sedimentary packages across the main basement structure. The basement of the Clair field is poorly understood, with limited seismic and well datasets; so using an onshore fracture analogue, of the mainland LGC, will hopefully improve the understanding of the Clair basement fracture systems. To determine the suitability of the mainland LGC as an analogue for the Clair basement four main research questions are asked in this thesis: What is the offshore Clair basement? What are the geological characteristics and attributes of the fracture networks in the mainland LGC? What are the dominant controls on these fracture network characteristics? How can the mainland Lewisian be used as an analogue for the Clair basement? Onshore datasets (outcrop, terrestrial laser scans & NEXTMap® DEM) exhibit prominent NE-SW and/or NW-SE fault and fracture trends. The Clair basement seismic dataset exhibits comparable NE-SW & NW-SE trending faults, but the basement core samples exhibit a strongly aligned NNE-SSW fracture trend that is not so clearly represented in the onshore datasets. Fracture spacing distributions from the mainland LGC have strong power-law relationships over at least three orders of magnitude. Power-law relationships are also present from Clair basement datasets but the lack of large datasets means that these relationships are considered fairly weak. Qualitative and Quantitative onshore and offshore analyses suggest that the mainland LGC is a suitable analogue for the Clair basement to some degree, but that their relationship is not a simple one. The results presented in this thesis do not provide a unique solution for the Clair basement fracture networks. Instead the onshore data provide model types that can be used in sensitivity models to ultimately assess which onshore dataset provides the best geological and statistical analogue for the Clair basement.
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Meißner, Birgit. "Tektonometamorphe Entwicklung von Scherzonen im präkambrischen Basement Südindiens." Diss., lmu, 2001. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-4299.
Godard, A., J. J. Lagasquie, and Y. Lageat. "Introduction." In Basement Regions, 1–5. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56821-3_1.
Bernard-Allée, P., B. Valadas, B. Etlicher, A. Godard, B. Van Vliet-Lanoë, and C. Le Cœur. "Landscape Development in Metamorphic and Igneous Terrains of the Mid-Latitudes (with Special Reference to Western Europe)." In Basement Regions, 221–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56821-3_10.
Lageat, Y., and Y. Gunnell. "Structural Predesign and Scaling Factors in Geomorphology: Lessons from the Study of Basement Terrains." In Basement Regions, 259–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56821-3_11.
Godard, A., R. Simon-Coinçon, and J. J. Lagasquie. "Planation Surfaces in Basement Terrains." In Basement Regions, 9–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56821-3_2.
Lagasquie, J. J., Y. Lageat, J. P. Peulvast, A. Godard, and Y. Gunnell. "Morphostructural Units, Multi-Storeyed Scenery and the Origin of Escarpments in Basement Terrains." In Basement Regions, 35–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56821-3_3.
Lageat, Y., J. J. Lagasquie, and R. Simon-Coinçon. "Structural Landforms in Basement Terrains." In Basement Regions, 65–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56821-3_4.
Lagasquie, J. J., Y. Lageat, and A. Godard. "Rock Resistance and its Influence on Landforms in Basement Terrains." In Basement Regions, 93–116. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56821-3_5.
Lageat, Y., J. J. Lagasquie, B. Coque-Delhuille, C. Martin, M. J. Penven, and R. Simon-Coinçon. "Chemical Weathering, Regolith and Climate in Metamorphic and Igneous Terrains." In Basement Regions, 117–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56821-3_6.
André, M. F., B. Etlicher, A. Godard, D. Sellier, and B. Van Vliet-Lanoë. "Cryogenic Processes and Ice-Related Restructuring of the Regolith in Metamorphic and Igneous Terrains." In Basement Regions, 147–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56821-3_7.
Lageat, Y., and Y. Gunnell. "Landscape Development in Tropical Shield Environments." In Basement Regions, 173–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56821-3_8.
Emery, A. F., D. R. Heerwagen, C. J. Kippenhan, and D. E. Steele. "Thermal Performance of a Residential Basement." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1427.
Abstract This paper describes the measurement of ground and internal wall temperatures, local surface heat fluxes on the basement walls and floor, and overall heat losses for a concrete wall basement. The heat fluxes were measured with heat flux meters and mimic boxes. Daily and seasonal measured performances are displayed. A portion of the walls was covered with additional insulation. This allowed comparison of insulated and non-insulated basements and showed that a modest amount of insulation could reduce the annual heat loss by approximately 50%. The local fluxes are shown to vary significantly with depth and the insulation was most effective when applied to the upper wall surface which communicated with the ambient air through a relatively short path through the earth near grade level. Temperature stratification effects are shown to be important, especially with respect to floor heat fluxes.
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Matzerath, Brummbaer. "Bill Gates' basement." In ACM SIGGRAPH 99 Electronic art and animation catalog. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/312379.312861.
Williams, Simon, J. Derek Fairhead, and Guy Flanagan. "Realistic models of basement topography for depth to magnetic basement testing." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2002. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1817384.
Fogarty, James, Carolyn Au, and Scott E. Hudson. "Sensing from the basement." In the 19th annual ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1166253.1166269.
Jones, Jasmine, and Mark S. Ackerman. "Curating an Infinite Basement." In GROUP '16: 2016 ACM Conference on Supporting Groupwork. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2957276.2957316.
Daniels, S., R. Holdsworth, K. McCaffrey, J. Long, R. Jones, and R. Walker. "Characterising Fractured Basement Reservoirs." In Fourth Naturally Fractured Reservoir Workshop. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.2020622024.
Callahan, Owen A., Peter Eichhubl, Peter H. Hennings, Katie Smye, Elizabeth A. Horne, Alexandros Savvaidis, Guo-Chin Dino Huang, et al. "TEXAS BASEMENT SYNTHESIS PROJECT: CHARACTERIZING GEOLOGICAL RISK FACTORS OF BASEMENT-INVOLVED SEISMICITY." In Joint 53rd Annual South-Central/53rd North-Central/71st Rocky Mtn GSA Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019sc-326831.
Rodriguez, K., N. Hodgson, and A. Intawong. "Fractured Basement Initial Identification Methodology." In 80th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2018. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201801477.
Amini, Rouzbeh, Alina Oltean, Vincent Barnett, Yoav Segal, and Victor H. Barocas. "Mechanical Properties of the Porcine Lens Capsule." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192664.
Basement membranes are ubiquitous. In humans, genetic disorders in basement membranes can lead to many complications including kidney disease, skeletal muscle myopathy, hearing loss, and ocular abnormalities[1]. We hypothesize that genetic mutation of the microstructure of the lens capsule basement membrane will alter its mechanical properties. Because of its unique thickness and anatomically distinct margins, the lens capsule is the only site in the body where large-scale mechanical tests on the basement membrane can be made.
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Williams-Stroud, S. C., S. Lee, and W. Zaluski. "Creating Simulation Model Permeability in Fractured Impermeable Rocks Using DFN Modeling at the Decatur, Illinois CCS Site." In 3rd International Discrete Fracture Network Engineering Conference. ARMA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-dfne-22-0091.
Abstract Seismicity induced by fluid injection in the deep subsurface often occurs in low-permeability basement rocks. At the Illinois Basin – Decatur Project, the target storage reservoir a high-porosity and permeability sedimentary unit, and more than 90% of the seismic events occur in the very low permeability grano-rhyolite rocks underlying the Mt. Simon sandstone reservoir indicating that perturbations in fluid pressure, reservoir stress, or both were transmitted to the underlying basement rocks. Geological models built for reservoir simulation are well constrained by logs, spinner survey, and pressure data, except for flow into and through the igneous basement, and additional model permeability was required to achieve good history match. Image logs acquired through the top of the basement indicate that it is highly fractured. A discrete fracture network model was constrained by the induced seismicity and the fracture observations from the wellbore to develop a basement permeability model. The workflow resulted in a realistic characterization of fracture distribution in the basement that led to an excellent match of reservoir behavior.
Звіти організацій з теми "Basement":
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Madrzykowski, Daniel, and Craig Weinschenk. Understanding and Fighting Basement Fires. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/etsa5492.
Many firefighters have been injured or killed while trying to extinguish a basement fire or a fire on a level below them. Prior research has shown basement fires present a high risk to firefighters. This risk stems from unexpected floor collapse and high heat. Prior research also indicated the tools that firefighters have traditionally used to determine the structural integrity of the floor offer little value with lightweight construction. Past experiments in small basements have indicated that the most effective method of fighting a basement fire may be from the exterior of the building. This study went beyond earlier research by increasing the size of the basement and incorporating three different ventilation and access conditions to the basement. Those access conditions include no exterior access to the basement, limited exterior access to the basement, and exterior access to the basement. The results of the experiments show the importance of identifying a basement fire, controlling ventilation and flowing an effective hose stream into the basement from a position of advantage, as soon as possible. These experiments highlighted the importance of identifying a basement fire during size-up and subsequently choosing the appropriate tactics that coordinate ventilation with suppression. In all experiments, the basement fire were ventilation limited. Additional ventilation without suppression was shown in to increase the hazard to any occupants trapped in the structure. Various nozzles and appliances were used to flow water into the basement. Water streams applied through the floor, through a small window remote from the seat of the fire, and through a basement level access door controlled the fire and reduced the hazard throughout the structure. Effective water application into the basement cooled the fire gases to prevent flashover, slowed the destruction of the structure, and reduced the hazard from fire. This action made entry conditions into a basement with active burning possible for a fully protected firefighter. Effective water application also supported search operations and reduced the threat from heat and toxic gases for any trapped occupants. Occupants isolated from the fire environment by a closed door or other means were provided addition protection when compared with conditions in rooms open to the fire environment.
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Bell, J. S. Structure, III, Labrador sea, Seismic basement and basement structure. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/127184.
Aldrich, R., P. Mantha, and S. Puttagunta. Measure Guideline. Basement Insulation Basics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1219772.
Aldrich, R., P. Mantha, and S. Puttagunta. Measure Guideline: Basement Insulation Basics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1053304.
Srivastava, S. P., B. Maclean, and P. Girouard. Depth to basement and sediment thickness. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/120605.
Mayr, U., T. A. Brent, T. de Freitas, T. Frisch, G
S Nowlan, and A. V. Okulitch. Figure 19. Seismic basement structure cross-sections. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/216175.
Wadman, Heidi, and Jesse McNinch. Elevation of underlying basement rock, Ogdensburg Harbor, NY. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40843.
Over six linear miles of shallow acoustic reflection geophysical data were collected in an 800 ft by 300 ft survey region at Ogdensburg Harbor, Ogdensburg, NY. To better accommodate modern commercial vessels and expand the harbor’s capacity, the current navigable depth of -19 ft Low Water Depth (LWD) needs to be increased to -28 ft LWD, and an accurate map of the nature of the riverbed material (e.g., unconsolidated sediment, partially indurated glacial till, or bedrock) is required to effectively plan for removal. A total of 28 boreholes were previously collected to map the stratigraphy, and the effort revealed significant spatial variability in unit thickness and elevation between adjacent boreholes. To accurately map this variable stratigraphy, chirp sub-bottom profiles were collected throughout the region, with an average line spacing of 13 ft. These sub-bottom data, validated and augmented by the borehole data, resulted in high-resolution spatial maps of stratigraphic elevation and thickness for the study area. The data will allow for more accurate assessment of the type and extent of different dredging efforts required to achieve a future uniform depth of -28 ft LWD for the navigable region.
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Monger, J. W. H., and J. M. Journeay. Basement geology and tectonic evolution of the Vancouver region. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/203245.
Miles, W., P. E. Stone, and M. D. Thomas. Magnetic and gravity maps with interpreted Precambrian basement, Saskatchewan. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/209155.
