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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Barn design"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Barn design"

Levis, D. G. "New concepts in breeding barn design." Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, no. 10 (January 1, 1989): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.6215.

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Liu, Haipeng, Shaomi Duan, and Huilong Luo. "Design and Temperature Modeling Simulation of the Full Closed Hot Air Circulation Tobacco Bulk Curing Barn." Symmetry 14, no. 7 (June 23, 2022): 1300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14071300.

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For now, the open humidification method is applied in the tobacco bulk curing barn, which has some disadvantages, such as the loss of the oil content and aroma components of the tobacco leaves and the waste heat loss of the exhaust air flow. In this context, a tobacco bulk curing barn with totally closed hot air circulation is designed to perfect the curing quality of tobacco and avoid the loss of residual heat in the bulk curing barn. Meanwhile, due to the balance and symmetry of input and output of the curing barn temperature, according to the law of conservation of energy, a mathematical model of the temperature control system of the closed hot air circulation tobacco bulk curing barn is established, and the temperature transfer function of the system is obtained. On this basis, 10 algorithms are used to optimize the full closed hot air circulation tobacco bulk curing barn temperature control system PID parameters. The result of the sobol sequence seeker optimization algorithm (SSOA) is better than the other algorithms. So, the PID control strategy based on the SSOA is used to simulate and experiment the temperature control system of tobacco bulk curing barn. The simulation and experimental results show that for the tobacco bulk curing barn temperature control system, the sobol sequence seeker optimization algorithm PID control has better dynamic characteristics compared with fuzzy PID control, and the temperature control system of tobacco bulk curing barn has fast adjustment and small overshoot. Therefore, the new baking barn with proper PID parameters can improve the tobacco’s curing quality and save energy by reducing the residual heat.

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Zhang, De Hui, Xiao Qiang Wu, and Chun You Zhang. "A Barn Temperature Prediction Method Based on MATLAB." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 1206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.1206.

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In the Inner Mongolia beef cattle feeding, barn temperature is an important parameter. Barn temperature has an important impact on cattle breeding and beef production. In order to ensure that there is appropriate temperatures barn, data recorded in the barn a month temperature monitoring points, the acquisition time for each temperature monitoring point for the one-hour time interval. Using MATLAB software barn temperature data were analyzed, the data fit (least squares) and plotted, and finally get a barn temperature prediction formula. And use this formula to predict the temperature of the barn, forecasting results show that the design is reasonable, the error is small, can be applied in practice.

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Bickert, W. G., and John F. Smith. "Freestall barn design and management for cow comfort." Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.3241.

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Fernández, M. E., R. A. Mariño, and X. C. Carreira. "Algorithms for Dairy Barn Design: Resting, Feeding, and Exercise." Journal of Dairy Science 89, no. 7 (July 2006): 2784–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72355-4.

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Fernández, M. E., R. A. Mariño, and X. C. Carreira. "Algorithms for dairy barn design: Maternity and milking areas." Journal of Dairy Science 92, no. 5 (May 2009): 2276–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1568.

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Halachmi, I., A. Dzidic, J. H. M. Metz, L. Speelman, A. A. Dijkhuizen, and J. P. C. Kleijnen. "Validation of simulation model for robotic milking barn design." European Journal of Operational Research 134, no. 3 (November 2001): 677–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-2217(00)00283-6.

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Meaney, Kelly M., David E. Peacock, David Taggart, and James Smith. "Rapid colonisation, breeding and successful recruitment of eastern barn owls (Tyto alba delicatula) using a customised wooden nest box in remnant mallee cropping areas of southern Yorke Peninsula, South Australia." Wildlife Research 48, no. 4 (2021): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr20021.

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Abstract ContextThe introduced house mouse (Mus domesticus) causes significant economic damage to Australia’s agricultural enterprises. As part of the Marna Banggara Rewilding Project on the southern Yorke Peninsula (SYP), the present study focused on the eastern barn owl (Tyto alba delicatula) as a potential bio-controller of mice, by providing nesting spaces where natural hollows are limited. AimsTo design an appropriate pole-mounted wooden nest box, and to enhance barn-owl-breeding and house-mouse-hunting capacity on farmland adjacent to remnant native vegetation. MethodsA prototype nest box was collaboratively designed with a nest box manufacturer using data from previous barn owl studies and anecdotal reports. Eleven pole-mounted wooden boxes with platforms were installed at distances >1.4km apart on properties near Warooka, southern Yorke Peninsula (SYP), and monitored over a 6-month period using external trail cameras. Key resultsOf the 11 nest boxes installed, 55 percent were colonised within a month after establishment, and 82 percent were colonised within 7 months. Occupied nest boxes were actively used by paired owls for mating, breeding and rearing of chicks, which resulted in up to 35 fledgling owlets. ConclusionsThe nest box design successfully supported eastern barn owl colonisation and reproduction on the SYP. The inclusion of the platform not only provided easy, minimally invasive monitoring of barn owl activity and prey intake by researchers, but also increased usable space for barn owl behaviours, such as copulation and wing flapping. ImplicationsThe important nest box design elements featured in this paper, such as the platform, high entrance hole, predator-proof pole and rear door access, can be implemented in barn owl conservation, research and on farms where alternative nesting sites are limited.

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Myintzu, Winn, Soe Thainkha, and Elizabeth H. Moore. "Traditional Design in an Ancient Village of Tanintharyi." Nakhara : Journal of Environmental Design and Planning 17 (October 18, 2019): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54028/nj201917124.

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The ancient village of Thagara is located circa ten kilometres north of Dawei, Tanintharyi Region of Lower Myanmar. While Thagara’s archaeology and the domestic religious architecture such as the pagodas and monasteries have been well documented, this article is the first to classify the main elements of the domestic dwellings. Five key components of the vernacular architecture are identified: the style of the house facade, the building materials, the hearth, the rice barn and the shrine. Constructed with local materials, the facades and roofs were designed to meet the challenges of the monsoonal climate and the hearth and rice barn adapted to the preferences of individual house dwellers and rice yields. The Buddhist and animistic shrines reflect the importance of spiritual activities in the traditional way of life. Using data from a systematic survey, the variations are defined in this article to illustrate aspects of the social, economic and religious daily life in the villages of Lower Myanmar

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Fatullaeva, Kaminat Muradovna. "Design of aeration systems in light weight barns." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 12 (December 13, 2022): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2022i12pp112-114.

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The article considers design options for light-aeration lamps used in “cold” barns. Calculations were made of volumetric airflow rates through an open-type light-aeration ridge at different heights of inlet openings, the results of which are presented in the article. Keywords: aeration; barn; natural ventilation; microclimate; air exchange.

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Дисертації з теми "Barn design"

Lemon, Nina. "Deltagande design i förskoleklassen : Att designa för barn, med barn." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139084.

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Elever i förskoleklass anser att matematik är både tråkigt och jobbigt. Detta trots att deras undervisning fortfarande är starkt influerad av den fria leken och elevernas egna kreativitet. Barns användning av teknologi ökar och det utvecklas teknologi och interaktiva hjälpmedel för lärande utan att egentligen involvera barnen själva i utvecklingen. Det blir därför intressant att låta barn medverka i en designprocess av ett interaktivt matematiskt hjälpmedel. Teori kring design, barn, lärande och matematik har studerats för att få en ökad förståelse för den undervisning som sker i förskoleklassen och sociala situation som klassen utgör. Stort fokus har kommit att ligga i hur en deltagande design med barn kan se ut och hur en designprocess kan gynnas av barnens medverkan. Observationer, intervju och workshop genomfördes med elever i Kristallkulans förskoleklass i en mindre kommun i Sverige. Studien resulterar i insikter och identifierade behov som ett matematiskt hjälpmedel bör tillgodose. Men även i ett konceptförslag med tillhörande konceptskiss som visar hur och var ett interaktivt matematiskt hjälpmedel kan användas.
Pupils in pre-school believe math is both boring and difficult, and they think this even though their teaching is still strongly influenced by the free play and the students' own creativity. Children's use of technology is increasing and today we develop technology and interactive learning tools without involving the children in the development. Therefore, it is interesting to let children participate in a design process of an interactive mathematics tool to see how their participation will generate insights and experiences. Theory of design, children, learning and mathematics has been studied to gain an understanding of the teaching that takes place in the pre-school and the social situation of the class. A major focus has been on how a participatory design with children can carry out and how a design process can benefit from the children's participation. Observations, interviews and workshop were conducted with students in Kristallkulan pre-school in a smaller municipality in Sweden. The study results in insights and identifies needs that a mathematic learning tool should provide. It also generates a conceptual proposal with accompanying sketches that show how and where an interactive mathematics tool can be used.

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Paris, Joel, and Hani Mohamed. "Användbarhet för barn : en undersökning av applikationer riktade till barn." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Informationssystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-314978.

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På senare tid har smarta mobiler (smartphones) fått en allt större roll i våra liv. Att gå från vanliga hemtelefoner till “enklare” mobiltelefoner till smartphones, som mer eller mindre är självklart för gemene man idag, har gått relativt fort. Smartphonens framfart har lett till en applikationsboom som i sin tur fördelats i kategorier mellan gammal och ung. En stor kategori är barn. Med tanke på på den växande applikationsmarknaden vore det intressant att se om användbarheten hos applikationer - och då främst applikationer riktade för barn - håller sig till rådande användbarhetsteorier. För att underlätta och få en uppfattning om ovanstående har vi valt att skapa ett ramverk utifrån rådande teori. Detta ramverk riktar in sig på åtta kategorier: syn, symboler och ikoner, minne, motorik, text, ljud, fokus och navigation. Vidare applicerar vi vårt framtagna ramverk på de elva mest populära applikationerna på App Store och Play Store. Resultatet av vår studie påvisade att ramverkets centrala delar mycket väl appliceras i testapplikationerna. Vissa avvikelser förekom, men dessa upptäckte vi kompenserades för med andra medel i applikationen. Av den anledningen anser vi att de bör klassas som mycket användarvänliga, och rankas förmodligen av den anledningen högt i vardera topplista.

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Elvstrand, Jonna. "Aja Baja Bu : Trygghetsbelysning för barn." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för design (DE), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-66878.

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In this project I’ve worked with the brand Kid´s Concept where their brief were for me to develop an innova ve lamp that would dis nguish itself from their current ligh ng products. Through research and sketching the inten on of the project became to develop lamps that would favour children suﬀ ering from night terrors. The concept is a lamp that sleeps during the day but stays awake at night and ﬁ ghts montsters. Aja Baja Bu is a lamp that helps the child feel safe while the playful expression of the lamp encourages children to interact with it. The two characters are open for imagina on and makes it possible for children to create their own stories about them. During the day Aja Baja Bu will be exhausted from staying up all night and the child must restore its energy by giving it its magical crown or horn. Thus the child will feel connected and gain trust in the characters.

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Lindberg, Harriet. "Resa med små barn : Packningslösning för småbarnsfamiljer." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för design, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-36618.

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Resultatet av det här projektet grundar sig i problemställningen mycket packning när man reser med små barn. Problemet grundar sig i att små barn ofta kräver flera olika sorters produkter, vilket medför en problematik när man ska ut och resa. Målet med projektet har varit att ta fram en multifunktionell, smidig och enkel produkt som ska förbättra och underlätta resandet för alla som reser med små barn, för att i slutändan kunna resa med små barn och endast behöva ta med sig ett få tal bagage men ändå få med sig det man behöver på ett enkelt och smidigt sätt, oavsett om man reser ensam eller om man är flera som kan hjälpas åt. Under projektets resa har olika analyser gjorts för att få mer kött på benen. Det har gjorts intervjuer med småbarnsföräldrar som rest och brukar resa med sina barn, för att få en bättre förståelse av hur det kan vara att resa med små barn och vilka problem som finns. Även egna erfarenheter inom området har funnits med under analyseringen. Till en början riktades mycket fokus på att flyga med barn och att det skulle vara där det är mycket problematik, men det visade sig att resa med tåg som har de största svårigheterna. Detta på grund av att man oftast behöver kliva ombord med mycket packning, och har man samtidigt ett litet barn att bära på så blir det extra svårt. På grund av att detta avgränsades projektet till att resa med små barn på tåg. Med hjälp av en marknadsundersökning kunde man fastställa att det finns en hel del hjälpmedel när man reser med flyg, men inte så många när man reser med tåg. Därför tog projektet snabbt en riktning mot en multifunktionell produkt. Lösningar som skulle fungera som flera produkter men som i sin helhet var en produkt idégenererades fram med syfte att minska på antalet produkter och vara anpassade för resa med tåg. Resultatet är ett koncept på en produkt som tagits fram med hjälp av analyserna och försökts att anpassas till projektets mål. Eftersom det ännu är ett koncept finns det utveckling och förbättringspotential. Då det till exempel inte har gjorts några användartester på slutmodell.

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Gramstad, Sara. "ATT ILLUSTRERA DÖDEN FÖR BARN." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23710.

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Syftet med denna uppsats är att genom semiotisk analys undersöka hur döden illustreras av Svein Nyhus i bilderboken Roy (Dahle 2009), som riktar sig till barn i åldern 6–9 år. Detta för att se hur illustrationerna kan vara skapade för: barnet, den vuxne samt som bidrag till samtalet dessa för när de läser bilderboken. I relation till uppsatsens problemområde: där vuxna tenderar att ha svårt att diskutera mer kontroversiella ämnen och livsfrågor med barn; undersöks den potential illustrationerna i bilderboken har att bemöta denna problematik och erbjuda lösningar. Detta diskuteras i relation till teorier om: bilderboken som terapeutiskt verktyg, barnpsykologi om döden samt bilderbokens dubbla tilltal. Resultatet av analysen visar på att det finns en stor potential för illustratören att skapa illustrationer på flera olika differentierings- och associationsnivåer, vilka talar till barnet, den vuxna medläsaren och som bjuder in till ett samtal mellan dessa. Ett sätt att göra detta är genom interaktion mellan olika individer och visuella element samt genom ett återkommande användande av abstrakta genomtänkta detaljer. Denna kunskap kan appliceras av de som utövar yrkesroller inom kommunikation och design; där en fått i uppdrag att visualisera mer kontroversiella ämnen för barn.

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Tinder, Julia. "Workshop med barn som kreativ metod." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21713.

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I detta arbete undersöks workshops med barn som metod för kreativitet och mötet mellan barn och vuxnas skapande som inspiration till kreativitet inom scenproduktion. Det här arbetet har huvudfokus på design men rör sig inom flera områden inom scenproduktion då alla områden är likvärdigt beroende av kreativ förmåga hos den som utför dem. Arbetet undersöker skapande och metoder för skapande vilket ger kunskap om kreativitet som går att applicera på de flesta designorienterade områden. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om vuxna i samarbete med barn, kan få en ny syn på kreativitet och inspiration. I en workshop fick dansare och barn i olika åldrar samarbeta, skapa och gestalta tillsammans. Detta följdes upp med en fokusgruppsintervju där resultatet sedan analyserades och ställdes i dialog med teorier från angränsande områden.
This thesis examines workshops with children as a method for creativity and the encounter between children's and adult's creativity as inspiration for creativity in stage production. This thesis has the main focus on design, but is moving in several areas in the field of stage production since all areas are equally dependent on creative ability on those who perform them. The thesis explores the creation and methods of creation which gives knowledge ofcreativity that can be applied to most design oriented areas. The aim of this paper is toinvestigate whether adults, in collaboration with children, can get a new way of looking at,and find creativity and inspiration. In a workshop dancers and children of different ages got to collaborate, create and form together. This followed by a focus group interview where the results then were analyzed and summarized in dialogue with theories from neighboring areas.

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Sjölander, Lina. "Leksaker som tillåter barn att utforska känslor." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Industridesign, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36551.

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Mitt mål är att jobba med ett produktkoncept mot förskolan och skapa en leksak som välkomnar utforskande av känslor. Min önskan är att pedagoger och barn medvetet ska använda leksaken till att öppna upp dialog om känslor. Lek är en grundläggande rättighet, och viktigt för barns emotionella utveckling då de genom lek utvecklas emotionell, socialt, fysiskt och psykiskt. Att hantera sina känslor kräver träning och det är inte alltid så enkelt. Barn måste lära sig detta i tidig ålder då de är emotionella och låter känslorna styra väldigt mycket, så finns det också ett behov att lära sig att kontrollera och hantera känslorna. Min förhoppning är att skapa en leksak som kan tas emot i förskolan och användas av barn och pedagoger för att tillsammans arbeta mot en mer social hållbar framtid. Desto mer träning barn får i de emotionella, desto mer förberedd och kunskap har de kring de bitarna som senare kan visa sig vara hjälpsam i deras sociala värld. Men som jag även upptäckte så kan det även påverka barnens akademiska kunskaper. Som förälder vill man sitt barns bästa, och ge dem den kunskap och verktyg man kan så att de ska vara rustad för livet i den mån som är möjlig. Man vill att de ska må bra, ha det bra och inte ha det kämpigt eller tufft. Med mitt arbete vill jag, och hoppas att jag kan ge ett verktyg som kan hjälpa barn att prata om känslor, och i det få en förståelse och lära sig hantera dem också. Syftet med mitt arbete är att ta fram leksaker som tillåter förskolebarn att utforska och leka med känslor

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Danielsson, Lovisa. "Att känna historien : - ett skapande av intresseväckande ingångar för barn." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55724.

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Touching history – to create interesting entrances is a thesis in the field of information design focusing on spatial design. Many museum experiences have been characterized by the gaze. Different barriers in forms of showcases, ropes and exhortations have made the visitor into an observer. With the digitalization this has become even more noticeable. But humans, no matter how young or old, are still physical beings with different senses which offer different ways to experience the world, also in regards of museum experiences. The purpose of this study is to investigate the haptic experience of an object as an information channel in exhibitions. This has been done to investigate if information that is communicated in the interaction between the body and the object has any significance for children’s interest in history. The scientific theoretical basis for the study focuses, among other things, on the correlation between cognition, emotion and the physical body. This means theories in embodied cognition and haptic perception and previous research about sensory experiences in museums. The purpose for the methodological work has been to thoroughly explore the subject. The work includes interviews through video call, telephone and e-mail with persons working in the museum sector. This to establish the study firmly into the field it aims to explore, and from a museum perspective receive experiences and important inputs. Moreover different workshops and one prototype test have been conducted, this to explore and get an understanding of the subject from the users perspective and to meet their needs. The workshops and the prototype test have been conducted in collaboration with school classes. With support from theories, previous research and methodological work a design has been created that aims to provide and make haptic experiences available in an exhibition context. This to arouse interest in children, so that the interest works as an entrance in regards to wanting to know more about history.
Att känna historien – ett skapande av intresseväckande ingångar för barn är ett examensarbete inom informationsdesign med inriktning mot rumslig gestaltning. Många museiutställningar har under en tid präglats av visuella intryck, där olika barriärer i form av montrar, rep och förmaningar gjort besökaren till en betraktare. Detta har genom digitaliseringar av museibesök blivit allt mer påtagligt. Samtidigt är människan, gammal som ung, en fysisk varelse med flera sinnen vilka erbjuder en möjlighet att uppleva världen på flera olika sätt, så även med avseende på museibesöket. Studien syftar till att utforska den haptiska upplevelsen av föremål som informationskanal i utställningssammanhang. Detta har gjorts för att undersöka huruvida information som erhålls i samspelet mellan kropp och föremål har betydelse för barns intresse av historia. Studiens vetenskapliga teoretiska grund fokuserar främst på samspelet mellan kognition, emotion och den fysiska kroppen. Det innebär teorier om förkroppsligad kognition och haptisk perception samt tidigare forskning om betydelsen av sensoriska upplevelser i museisammanhang. Studiens metodiska arbete har syftat till att utforska ämnet från grunden. Arbetet har inbegripit intervjuer via videosamtal, telefon och mejl med personer verksamma inom museisektorn. Detta för att förankra arbetet i det område vilket det avser att utforska och utifrån ett museiperspektiv erhålla erfarenheter och betydelsefulla insikter. Därtill har olika workshops och ett prototyptest genomförts, detta för att utforska och förstå ämnet ur användarens perspektiv och förankra gestalningsförslaget i de behov som föreligger. Genomförande av workshops och prototyptest har skett tillsammans med två skolklasser. Med stöd i teori och tidigare forskning samt metodiskt arbete har ett gestaltningsförslag för ett utställningsrum arbetats fram som syftar till att tillhandahålla och tillgängliggöra haptiska upplevelser av föremål i utställningssammanhang. Detta för att väcka intresse hos barn, ett intresse som i sin tur är tänkt att fungerar som ingångar till att vilja veta mer om historien.

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Larsson, Johanna. "1+1=3 En studie om hur illustration kan användas inom matematik för barn." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-36266.

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This thesis is a collaboration with Framtidens läromedel, which is a research and product development project at Mälardalen University. Studies show that the mathematics skills of Swedish students are declining. The project aims to create a teaching material based on research that can help change the trend. The project is developing several different parts. A book for students, a teacher's guide and a PowerPoint to use in the classroom. My task is to design the PowerPoint which aim to include interesting illustrations. Research shows that students understand the content of a text better if they can look at a descriptive image. The “image” can be a movie, a picture in a book or a sketch drawn by the teacher on the board to help the students to understand. The conclusion of this study is that a design should be attractive and that an image should be easy to read and to understand. This makes the recipients interested to the message being conveyed. Studies show that in mathematics and mainly geometry, children relate geometric shapes to familiar objects. I have considered this in the creation of a descriptive image showing geometric shapes placed in an everyday context.

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Tungström, Camilla. "Study Piece : Studiero för barn i trångbodda hem - ett portabelt skrivbord." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för industriell ekonomi, industridesign och maskinteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29879.

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Detta examensarbete har drivits av en designprocess vars syfte har varit att skapa en lösning där barn i trångbodda hem kan få utrymme och ro till studier. Designprocessen (något som jag fått lära mig under min tid på utbildningen) har hjälpt mig att definiera problem och behov och att utveckla mina idéer till det slutkoncept som presenteras i mitt resultat. Designprocessen som jag genomförde är uppdelad i två olika delar där den första delen handlat om att samla in data och den andra delen om att kreativt generera idéer. I min första del där jag gjorde research för att samla in data så använde jag mig av vetenskapliga artiklar och litteratur, enkätstudie, intervjuer samt marknadsanalys. Detta var viktigt för att kunna bekräfta de problem/behov som jag analyserat fram. Marknadsanalysen fungerade även som en övergång till den kreativa fasen då jag kunde inspireras av det som jag hittat i min analys. I min kreativa del där jag genererade idéer använde jag mig av metoderna brainstorming, prototypande och mockups. Dessa metoder är alla en form av skissning som på olika sätt och vid olika tidpunkter i processen hjälpte mig att komma vidare i utvecklandet av min lösning. Jag jobbade även konceptuellt med idéer för att kunna utveckla dessa ytterligare i min kreativa fas. Resultatet av min designprocess är ett portabelt skrivbord i väskformat gjort av tyget canvas, pressad nålfilt och detaljer av metall samt polyester/nylon. Det portabla skrivbordet erbjuder en plats/utrymme för studier och förvaring av saker, det skärmar mot omgivningen och dämpar ljud. Den slutgiltiga modellen av mitt valda koncept saknar dock delar av skärmarna då jag gjorde felberäkningar i min mockupfas som gjorde att dessa inte fick plats.

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Книги з теми "Barn design"

1870-1939, Grisdale J. H., ed. How to build a dairy barn: Model barn. Fergus, Ont: Beatty Bros., 1997.

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Fay, Martha. Pottery Barn workspaces. Edited by Lund Mark A, Walters Michael, and Ide Clay. 2nd ed. San Francisco, CA: Weldon Owen Inc., 2008.

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Archibald, E. S. Framing the barn truss. Ottawa: Dept. of Agriculture, 1997.

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Building a multi-use barn for garage, animals, workshop, studio. Charlotte, Vt: Williamson Pub., 1994.

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Tepper, Audrey T. The Mumma Barn: Antietam National Battlefield, Maryland. [Denver]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center, 2000.

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United States. National Park Service. Denver Service Center, ed. The Mumma Barn: Antietam National Battlefield, Maryland. [Denver, Colo.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center, 2000.

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Black & Decker Corporation (Towson, Md.), ed. The complete guide to sheds: Utility, storage, playhouse, mini-barn, garden, backyard retreat, more. 2nd ed. Minneapolis, Minn: Creative Pub. International, 2011.

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Renovating or building a small barn for your horse. Pownal, Vt: Storey Books, 1999.

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George, Hall, and Döll, atelier voor bouwkunst (Rotterdam)., eds. Ground-up city: Play as a design tool. Rotterdam: 010 Publishers, 2007.

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Cathy, Horyn, ed. Bare Blass. New York: HarperCollins, 2002.

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Частини книг з теми "Barn design"

Bachmann, Thomas, S. Blazek, T. Erlinghagen, W. Baumgartner, and H. Wagner. "Barn Owl Flight." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 101–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28302-4_6.

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Lee, Ji-woong, Jeong-hwan Hwang, and Hyun Yoe. "Design of Cattle Barn Management System Based on Thermal Imaging Data." In Future Generation Information Technology, 156–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27142-7_17.

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Doster, Thomas, Thomas Wolf, and Robert Konrath. "Combined Flow and Shape Measurements of the Flapping Flight of Freely Flying Barn Owls." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 661–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03158-3_67.

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Gajewski, Antoni, and Michal Zyczkowski. "Thin-Walled Bars." In Optimal Structural Design under Stability Constraints, 253–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2754-4_9.

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Mikulski, Leszek. "Optimal Design of Elastic Bars." In Optimal Control, 265–72. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7539-4_19.

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Steguweit, Christian. "Im Zug der Zeit: die Deutsche Bahn AG." In Design Management, 145–60. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-84714-0_8.

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Zhang, Ke, Zhen Liu, Yan Wang, and Xiaoli Dong. "Usability Oriented New Baren Product Design and Test Practice." In Design, User Experience, and Usability. Interaction Design, 476–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49713-2_33.

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Masmoudi, Abdelmonem, Fathi Djemal, Fakher Chaari, and Bassem Zouari. "Damping Analysis of GFRP Bars." In Design and Modeling of Mechanical Systems - II, 609–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17527-0_60.

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Albayrak, Ismail, and Robert M. Boes. "Fish Guidance Structure with Wide Bar Spacing: Mechanical Behavioural Barrier." In Novel Developments for Sustainable Hydropower, 99–104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99138-8_8.

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AbstractThis chapter deals with the fish guidance structures (FGS) with wide bar spacing and focuses on Curved-Bar Rack-Bypass Systems (CBR-BS) (Beck 2020) for fish protection and fish guidance at water intakes. In: Boes RM (ed) VAW-Mitteilung, vol 257. VAW, ETH Zurich, Switzerland. https://vaw.ethz.ch/en/the-institute/publications/vaw-communications/2010-2019.html, Beck et al., J Hydraul Res 58:807–818, 2020a; Beck et al., J Hydraul Res 58:819–830, 2020b; Beck et al., Water 12:3244, 2020c). FGS with wider bar spacing are classified as mechanical behavioural barriers and designed for use mainly at run-of-river hydropower plants (HPPs) and water intakes with large design discharges. In the following, different types of the FGS with wide bar spacing are introduced and, fish guidance performance and design recommendations of CBR-BS are presented.

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Herzog, Leslie J. "MAKING LEMON BARS OUT OF LEMONS." In Accelerating New Food Product Design and Development, 235–45. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd and the Institute of Food Technologists, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119149330.ch15.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Barn design"

Umega, R., and M. A. Raja. "Design and implementation of livestock barn monitoring system." In 2017 International Conference on Innovations in Green Energy and Healthcare Technologies (IGEHT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igeht.2017.8094063.

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Zhaolong Kong, Jun Yang, and Hao Zhang. "Design of bulk curing barn controller based on PIC MCU." In 2011 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Management Science and Electronic Commerce (AIMSEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aimsec.2011.6010487.

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Lee, Jiwoong, Jeonghwan Hwang, and Hyun Yoe. "Design of livestock barn monitoring system based on motion recognition." In Software Technology 2014. Science & Engineering Research Support soCiety, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2014.49.35.

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Jack Rodenburg and Harold K House. "Field Observations on Barn Layout and Design for Robotic Milking." In Sixth International Dairy Housing Conference Proceeding, 16-18 June 2007, (Minneapolis, Minnesota) (Electronic Only). St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.22804.

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.Pradeep, K., and R. Selvabharathi. "Designing a Poultry Barn: A Collaborative Design Approach Using Virtual Reality." In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Combinatorial and Optimization, ICCAP 2021, December 7-8 2021, Chennai, India. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.7-12-2021.2314697.

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Erin L Cortus, Seth Spronk, Corey Lanoue, Richard Nicolai, and Stephen Pohl. "Heat and Moisture Balances for a New Barn Design with Recirculated Air." In ASABE/CSBE North Central Intersectional Meeting. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.36281.

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Hu, Fengzhong, Jinding Gao, and Tianxiao Li. "Design of Intelligent Temperature and Humidity Controller for Tobacco Bulk Curing Barn." In 2016 5th International Conference on Measurement, Instrumentation and Automation (ICMIA 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmia-16.2016.129.

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"Design of In-Floor Heating Systems for Dairy Barn in Cold Climates." In 2014 ASABE Annual International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20141913378.

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MINAJEVA, Aleksandra. "ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES AND THEIR USE IN THE PIG BREEDING FARM DURING THE WINTER PERIOD." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.068.

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Investigations were carried out at the pig breeding farm located in Šalčininkai district. There are 9 hulls in the pig farm, two of which are dedicated to pig breeding. One barn was reconstructed: installed heated-cooled floor with the heat pump and a manure-slurry cooling system. The second barn was installed more than 50 years ago and has not been modernized yet. This hull doesn’t have mechanical cooling system, is heated by a gas heater, infrared rays are installed in the pig holders. Both barns have a mechanical air exhaust system. The research data were collected during the winter season. Also was collected statistical data on the birth rate, weight gain, morbidity and piglets’ death. The parameters of the old barn microclimate depended directly on outdoor air parameters. The average temperature in the old housing was 21 ° C, in the modernized 27 °C; humidity was 79% and 54% respectively. In the winter period, in the old barn, due to low air temperatures and high humidity, the piglets’ death was 7.8% upper and the weight gain of 35% lower than in the reconstructed barn. It has been determined that the microclimate parameters influence the growth of the weight of piglets, their fall, and morbidity. The installed heated-cooled floor and manure-slurry cooling systems allow the farm to not use other types of fuel, facilitate the maintenance of the microclimate parameters of the barn (maintenance of the design temperature all the year), reduce emissions of CO2 and NH3 into the environment, and receive higher revenues from growing and selling products.

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Citraningrum, Andika, and Daning Herawati. "Lesson from Vernacular Tobacco Barn: A Passive Design Strategy for Energy-Independent Building." In International International Conference of Heritage & Culture in Integrated Rural-Urban Context (HUNIAN 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.200729.013.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Barn design"

Deshpande, Yogini, and Jan Olek. Dowel Bar Retrofit Mix Design and Specification. Purdue University, August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314859.

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Nema, Arpit, and Jose Restrep. Low Seismic Damage Columns for Accelerated Bridge Construction. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/zisp3722.

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This report describes the design, construction, and shaking table response and computation simulation of a Low Seismic-Damage Bridge Bent built using Accelerated Bridge Construction methods. The proposed bent combines precast post-tensioned columns with precast foundation and bent cap to simplify off- and on-site construction burdens and minimize earthquake-induced damage and associated repair costs. Each column consists of reinforced concrete cast inside a cylindrical steel shell, which acts as the formwork, and the confining and shear reinforcement. The column steel shell is engineered to facilitate the formation of a rocking interface for concentrating the deformation demands in the columns, thereby reducing earthquake-induced damage. The precast foundation and bent cap have corrugated-metal-duct lined sockets, where the columns will be placed and grouted on-site to form the column–beam joints. Large inelastic deformation demands in the structure are concentrated at the column–beam interfaces, which are designed to accommodate these demands with minimal structural damage. Longitudinal post-tensioned high-strength steel threaded bars, designed to respond elastically, ensure re-centering behavior. Internal mild steel reinforcing bars, debonded from the concrete at the interfaces, provide energy dissipation and impact mitigation.

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Gombeda, Matthew, Estevan Rivera, and Zoe Lallas. Optimal Approach for Addressing Reinforcement Corrosion for Concrete Bridge Decks in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-005.

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This report presents the results of a comprehensive literature review focusing on corrosion performance of reinforced concrete bridge decks, with a particular emphasis on the relative performance of alternative corrosion-resistant reinforcement types. Examples of alternative corrosion-protection options examined herein include epoxy-coated, galvanized, stainless-steel, and A1035 bars, considering conventional black reinforcing bars as the standard. Based upon the results of the literature review, a framework for determining the optimal reinforcement option for a bridge deck is presented as a function of the properties of each reinforcement type and other factors, such as design service life, location of the bridge, estimated maintenance/repair cycles, and relative costs. Several examples are also provided to demonstrate the procedure for using the framework and its applicability for different bridge types with varying design considerations, such as a congested urban artery and a rural interstate. The literature review findings and the optimal approach framework were crafted for use by bridge design engineers as preliminary guidance when determining the type of reinforcement for a given bridge deck and its corresponding conditions. Furthermore, the approach can also be used by Illinois Department of Transportation officials when deciding whether to invest in higher performing corrosion-protection systems for a given application or for updating current bridge design policies to reflect the latest developments in alternative corrosion-resistant reinforcement options.

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Maurer, W. C., W. G. Deskins, W. J. McDonald, J. H. Cohen, F. E. Heuze, and M. W. Butler. Rapid Deployment Drilling System for on-site inspections under a Comprehensive Test Ban Preliminary Engineering Design. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/479150.

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Altstein, Miriam, and Ronald Nachman. Rationally designed insect neuropeptide agonists and antagonists: application for the characterization of the pyrokinin/Pban mechanisms of action in insects. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587235.bard.

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The general objective of this BARD project focused on rationally designed insect neuropeptide (NP) agonists and antagonists, their application for the characterization of the mechanisms of action of the pyrokinin/PBAN (PK-PBAN) family and the development of biostable, bioavailable versions that can provide the basis for development of novel, environmentally-friendly pest insect control agents. The specific objectives of the study, as originally proposed, were to: (i) Test stimulatory potencies of rationally designed backbone cyclic (BBC) peptides on pheromonotropic, melanotropic, myotropic and pupariation activities; (ii) Test the inhibitory potencies of the BBC compounds on the above activities evoked either by synthetic peptides (PBAN, LPK, myotropin and pheromonotropin) or by the natural endogenous mechanism; (iii) Determine the bioavailability of the most potent BBC compounds that will be found in (ii); (iv) Design, synthesize and examine novel PK/PBAN analogs with enhanced bioavailability and receptor binding; (v) Design and synthesize ‘magic bullet’ analogs and examine their ability to selectively kill cells expressing the PK/PBAN receptor. To achieve these goals the agonistic and antagonistic activities/properties of rationally designed linear and BBC neuropeptide (NP) were thoroughly studied and the information obtained was further used for the design and synthesis of improved compounds toward the design of an insecticide prototype. The study revealed important information on the structure activity relationship (SAR) of agonistic/antagonistic peptides, including definitive identification of the orientation of the Pro residue as trans for agonist activity in 4 PK/PBANbioassays (pheromonotropic, pupariation, melanotropic, & hindgut contractile) and a PK-related CAP₂b bioassay (diuretic); indications that led to the identification of a novel scaffold to develop biostbiostable, bioavailable peptidomimetic PK/PBANagonists/antagonists. The work led to the development of an arsenal of PK/PBAN antagonists with a variety of selectivity profiles; whether between different PKbioassays, or within the same bioassay between different natural elicitors. Examples include selective and non-selective BBC and novel amphiphilic PK pheromonotropic and melanotropic antagonists some of which are capable of penetrating the moth cuticle in efficacious quantities. One of the latter analog group demonstrated unprecedented versatility in its ability to antagonize a broad spectrum of pheromonotropic elicitors. A novel, transPro mimetic motif was proposed & used to develop a strong, selective PK agonist of the melanotropic bioassay in moths. The first antagonist (pure) of PK-related CAP₂b diuresis in flies was developed using a cisPro mimetic motif; an indication that while a transPro orientation is associated with receptor agonism, a cisPro orientation is linked with an antagonist interaction. A novel, biostablePK analog, incorporating β-amino acids at key peptidase-susceptible sites, exhibited in vivo pheromonotropic activity that by far exceeded that of PBAN when applied topically. Direct analysis of neural tissue by state-of-the-art MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry was used to identify specific PK/PK-related peptides native to eight arthropod pest species [house (M. domestica), stable (S. calcitrans), horn (H. irritans) & flesh (N. bullata) flies; Southern cattle fever tick (B. microplus), European tick (I. ricinus), yellow fever mosquito (A. aegypti), & Southern Green Stink Bug (N. viridula)]; including the unprecedented identification of mass-identical Leu/Ile residues and the first identification of NPs from a tick or the CNS of Hemiptera. Evidence was obtained for the selection of Neb-PK-2 as the primary pupariation factor of the flesh fly (N. bullata) among native PK/PK-related candidates. The peptidomic techniques were also used to map the location of PK/PK-related NP in the nervous system of the model fly D. melanogaster. Knowledge of specific PK sequences can aid in the future design of species specific (or non-specific) NP agonists/antagonists. In addition, the study led to the first cloning of a PK/PBAN receptor from insect larvae (S. littoralis), providing the basis for SAR analysis for the future design of 2ⁿᵈgeneration selective and/or nonselective agonists/antagonists. Development of a microplate ligand binding assay using the PK/PBAN pheromone gland receptor was also carried out. The assay will enable screening, including high throughput, of various libraries (chemical, molecular & natural product) for the discovery of receptor specific agonists/antagonists. In summary, the body of work achieves several key milestones and brings us significantly closer to the development of novel, environmentally friendly pest insect management agents based on insect PK/PBANNPs capable of disrupting critical NP-regulated functions.

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Altstein, Miriam, and Ronald J. Nachman. Rational Design of Insect Control Agent Prototypes Based on Pyrokinin/PBAN Neuropeptide Antagonists. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593398.bard.

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The general objective of this study was to develop rationally designed mimetic antagonists (and agonists) of the PK/PBAN Np class with enhanced bio-stability and bioavailability as prototypes for effective and environmentally friendly pest insect management agents. The PK/PBAN family is a multifunctional group of Nps that mediates key functions in insects (sex pheromone biosynthesis, cuticular melanization, myotropic activity, diapause and pupal development) and is, therefore, of high scientific and applied interest. The objectives of the current study were: (i) to identify an antagonist biophores (ii) to develop an arsenal of amphiphilic topically active PK/PBAN antagonists with an array of different time-release profiles based on the previously developed prototype analog; (iii) to develop rationally designed non-peptide SMLs based on the antagonist biophore determined in (i) and evaluate them in cloned receptor microplate binding assays and by pheromonotropic, melanotropic and pupariation in vivo assays. (iv) to clone PK/PBAN receptors (PK/PBAN-Rs) for further understanding of receptor-ligand interactions; (v) to develop microplate binding assays for screening the above SMLs. In the course of the granting period A series of amphiphilic PK/PBAN analogs based on a linear lead antagonist from the previous BARD grant was synthesized that incorporated a diverse array of hydrophobic groups (HR-Suc-A[dF]PRLa). Others were synthesized via the attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers. A hydrophobic, biostablePK/PBAN/DH analog DH-2Abf-K prevented the onset of the protective state of diapause in H. zea pupae [EC50=7 pmol/larva] following injection into the preceding larval stage. It effectively induces the crop pest to commit a form of ‘ecological suicide’. Evaluation of a set of amphiphilic PK analogs with a diverse array of hydrophobic groups of the formula HR-Suc-FTPRLa led to the identification of analog T-63 (HR=Decyl) that increased the extent of diapause termination by a factor of 70% when applied topically to newly emerged pupae. Another biostablePK analog PK-Oic-1 featured anti-feedant and aphicidal properties that matched the potency of some commercial aphicides. Native PK showed no significant activity. The aphicidal effects were blocked by a new PEGylated PK antagonist analog PK-dF-PEG4, suggesting that the activity is mediated by a PK/PBAN receptor and therefore indicative of a novel and selective mode-of-action. Using a novel transPro mimetic motif (dihydroimidazole; ‘Jones’) developed in previous BARD-sponsored work, the first antagonist for the diapause hormone (DH), DH-Jo, was developed and shown to block over 50% of H. zea pupal diapause termination activity of native DH. This novel antagonist development strategy may be applicable to other invertebrate and vertebrate hormones that feature a transPro in the active core. The research identifies a critical component of the antagonist biophore for this PK/PBAN receptor subtype, i.e. a trans-oriented Pro. Additional work led to the molecular cloning and functional characterization of the DH receptor from H. zea, allowing for the discovery of three other DH antagonist analogs: Drosophila ETH, a β-AA analog, and a dF analog. The receptor experiments identified an agonist (DH-2Abf-dA) with a maximal response greater than native DH. ‘Deconvolution’ of a rationally-designed nonpeptide heterocyclic combinatorial library with a cyclic bis-guanidino (BG) scaffold led to discovery of several members that elicited activity in a pupariation acceleration assay, and one that also showed activity in an H. zea diapause termination assay, eliciting a maximal response of 90%. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a CAP2b antidiuretic receptor from the kissing bug (R. prolixus) as well as the first CAP2b and PK receptors from a tick was also achieved. Notably, the PK/PBAN-like receptor from the cattle fever tick is unique among known PK/PBAN and CAP2b receptors in that it can interact with both ligand types, providing further evidence for an evolutionary relationship between these two NP families. In the course of the granting period we also managed to clone the PK/PBAN-R of H. peltigera, to express it and the S. littoralis-R Sf-9 cells and to evaluate their interaction with a variety of PK/PBAN ligands. In addition, three functional microplate assays in a HTS format have been developed: a cell-membrane competitive ligand binding assay; a Ca flux assay and a whole cell cAMP ELISA. The Ca flux assay has been used for receptor characterization due to its extremely high sensitivity. Computer homology studies were carried out to predict both receptor’s SAR and based on this analysis 8 mutants have been generated. The bioavailability of small linear antagonistic peptides has been evaluated and was found to be highly effective as sex pheromone biosynthesis inhibitors. The activity of 11 new amphiphilic analogs has also been evaluated. Unfortunately, due to a problem with the Heliothis moth colony we were unable to select those with pheromonotropic antagonistic activity and further check their bioavailability. Six peptides exhibited some melanotropic antagonistic activity but due to the low inhibitory effect the peptides were not further tested for bioavailability in S. littoralis larvae. Despite the fact that no new antagonistic peptides were discovered in the course of this granting period the results contribute to a better understanding of the interaction of the PK/PBAN family of Nps with their receptors, provided several HT assays for screening of libraries of various origin for presence of PK/PBAN-Ragonists and antagonists and provided important practical information for the further design of new, peptide-based insecticide prototypes aimed at the disruption of key neuroendocrine physiological functions in pest insects.

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Weinschenk, Craig, Daniel Madrzykowski, and Paul Courtney. Impact of Flashover Fire Conditions on Exposed Energized Electrical Cords and Cables. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/hdmn5904.

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A set of experiments was conducted to expose different types of energized electrical cords for lamps, office equipment, and appliances to a developing room fire exposure. All of the cords were positioned on the floor and arranged in a manner to receive a similar thermal exposure. Six types of cords commonly used as power supply cords, extension cords, and as part of residential electrical wiring systems were chosen for the experiments. The non-metallic sheathed cables (NMB) typically found in residential electrical branch wiring were included to provide a link to previous research. The basic test design was to expose the six different types of cords, on the floor of a compartment to a growing fire to determine the conditions under which the cord would trip the circuit breaker and/or undergo an arc fault. All of the cords would be energized and installed on a non-combustible surface. Six cord types (18-2 SPT1, 16-3 SJTW, 12-2 NM-B, 12-3 NM-B, 18-3 SVT, 18-2 NISPT-2) and three types of circuit protection (Molded case circuit breaker (MCCB), combination Arc-fault circuit interrupter (AFCI), Ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)) were exposed to six room-scale fires. The circuit protection was remote from the thermal exposure. The six room fires consisted of three replicate fires with two sofas as the main fuel source, two replicate fires with one sofa as the main fuel source and one fire with two sofas and MDF paneling on three walls in the room. Each fuel package was sufficient to support flashover conditions in the room and as a result, the impact on the cords and circuit protection was not significantly different. The average peak heat release rate of the sofa fueled compartment fires with gypsum board ceiling and walls was 6.8 MW. The addition of vinyl covered MDF wall paneling on three of the compartment walls increased the peak heat release rate to 12 MW, although most of the increased energy release occurred outside of the compartment opening. In each experiment during post flashover exposure, the insulation on the cords ignited and burned through, exposing bare conductor. During this period the circuits faulted. The circuit protection devices are not designed to provide thermal protection, and, thus, were installed remote from the fire. The devices operated as designed in all experiments. All of the circuit faults resulted in either a magnetic trip of the conventional circuit breaker or a ground-fault trip in the GFCI or AFCI capable circuit protection devices. Though not required by UL 1699, Standard for Safety for Arc-Fault Circuit-Interrupters as the solution for detection methodology, the AFCIs used had differential current detection. Examination of signal data showed that the only cord types that tripped with a fault to ground were the insulated conductors in non-metallic sheathed cables (12-2 NM-B and 12-3 NM-B). This was expected due to the bare grounding conductor present. Assessments of both the thermal exposure and physical damage to the cords did not reveal any correlation between the thermal exposure, cord damage, and trip type.

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Dickman, Martin B., and Oded Yarden. Pathogenicity and Sclerotial Development of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum: Involvement of Oxalic Acid and Chitin Synthesis. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7571357.bard.

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Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is among the world's most successful and omnivorous fungal plant pathogens. Included in the nearly 400 species of plants reported as hosts to this fungus are canola, alfalfa, soybean, sunflower, dry bean and potato. The general inability to develop resistant germplasm with these economically important crops to this pathogen has focused attention on the need for a more detailed examination of the pathogenic determinants involved in disease development. A mechanistic understanding of the successful strategy(ies) used by S. sclerotiorum in colonizing host plants and their linkage to fungal development may provide targets and/or novel approaches with which to design resistant crop plants. This proposal involved experiments which were successful in generating genetically-engineered plants harboring resistance to S. sclerotiorum, the establishment and improvement of molecular tools for the study of this pathogen and the analysis of the linkage between pathogenicity, sclerotial morphogenesis and two biosynthetic pathways: oxalic acid production and chitin synthesis. The highly collaborative project has improved our understanding of S. sclerotiorum pathogenicity, established reliable molecular techniques to facilitate experimental manipilation and generated transgenic plants which are resistant to this econimically important fungus.

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Banai, Menachem, and Gary Splitter. Molecular Characterization and Function of Brucella Immunodominant Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568100.bard.

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The BARD project was a continuation of a previous BARD funded research project. It was aimed at characterization of the 12kDa immunodominant protein and subsequently the cloning and expression of the gene in E. coli. Additional immunodominant proteins were sought among genomic B. abortus expression library clones using T-lymphocyte proliferation assay as a screening method. The 12kDa protein was identified as the L7/L12 ribosomal protein demonstrating in the first time the role a structural protein may play in the development of the host's immunity against the organism. The gene was cloned from B. abortus (USA) and B. melitensis (Israel) showing identity of the oligonucleotide sequence between the two species. Further subcloning allowed expression of the protein in E. coli. While the native protein was shown to have DTH antigenicity its recombinant analog lacked this activity. In contrast the two proteins elicited lymphocyte proliferation in experimental murine brucellosis. CD4+ cells of the Th1 subset predominantly responded to this protein demonstrating the development of protective immunity (g-IFN, and IL-2) in the host. Similar results were obtained with bovine Brucella primed lymphocytes. UvrA, GroE1 and GroEs were additional Brucella immunodominant proteins that demonstrated MHC class II antigenicity. The role cytotoxic cells are playing in the clearance of brucella cells was shown using knock out mice defective either in their CD4+ or CD8+ cells. CD4+ defective mice were able to clear brucella as fast as did normal mice. In contrast mice which were defective in their CD8+ cells could not clear the organisms effectively proving the importance of this subtype cell line in development of protective immunity. The understanding of the host's immune response and the expansion of the panel of Brucella immunodominant proteins opened new avenues in vaccine design. It is now feasible to selectively use immunodominant proteins either as subunit vaccine to fortify immunity of older animals or as diagnostic reagents for the serological survaillance.

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Gunay, Selim, Fan Hu, Khalid Mosalam, Arpit Nema, Jose Restrepo, Adam Zsarnoczay, and Jack Baker. Blind Prediction of Shaking Table Tests of a New Bridge Bent Design. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/svks9397.

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Considering the importance of the transportation network and bridge structures, the associated seismic design philosophy is shifting from the basic collapse prevention objective to maintaining functionality on the community scale in the aftermath of moderate to strong earthquakes (i.e., resiliency). In addition to performance, the associated construction philosophy is also being modernized, with the utilization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques to reduce impacts of construction work on traffic, society, economy, and on-site safety during construction. Recent years have seen several developments towards the design of low-damage bridges and ABC. According to the results of conducted tests, these systems have significant potential to achieve the intended community resiliency objectives. Taking advantage of such potential in the standard design and analysis processes requires proper modeling that adequately characterizes the behavior and response of these bridge systems. To evaluate the current practices and abilities of the structural engineering community to model this type of resiliency-oriented bridges, the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) organized a blind prediction contest of a two-column bridge bent consisting of columns with enhanced response characteristics achieved by a well-balanced contribution of self-centering, rocking, and energy dissipation. The parameters of this blind prediction competition are described in this report, and the predictions submitted by different teams are analyzed. In general, forces are predicted better than displacements. The post-tension bar forces and residual displacements are predicted with the best and least accuracy, respectively. Some of the predicted quantities are observed to have coefficient of variation (COV) values larger than 50%; however, in general, the scatter in the predictions amongst different teams is not significantly large. Applied ground motions (GM) in shaking table tests consisted of a series of naturally recorded earthquake acceleration signals, where GM1 is found to be the largest contributor to the displacement error for most of the teams, and GM7 is the largest contributor to the force (hence, the acceleration) error. The large contribution of GM1 to the displacement error is due to the elastic response in GM1 and the errors stemming from the incorrect estimation of the period and damping ratio. The contribution of GM7 to the force error is due to the errors in the estimation of the base-shear capacity. Several teams were able to predict forces and accelerations with only moderate bias. Displacements, however, were systematically underestimated by almost every team. This suggests that there is a general problem either in the assumptions made or the models used to simulate the response of this type of bridge bent with enhanced response characteristics. Predictions of the best-performing teams were consistently and substantially better than average in all response quantities. The engineering community would benefit from learning details of the approach of the best teams and the factors that caused the models of other teams to fail to produce similarly good results. Blind prediction contests provide: (1) very useful information regarding areas where current numerical models might be improved; and (2) quantitative data regarding the uncertainty of analytical models for use in performance-based earthquake engineering evaluations. Such blind prediction contests should be encouraged for other experimental research activities and are planned to be conducted annually by PEER.

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