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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Bacteria, Nitrifying"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Bacteria, Nitrifying"

Okabe, Satoshi, Tomonori Kindaichi, and Tsukasa Ito. "Fate of 14C-Labeled Microbial Products Derived from Nitrifying Bacteria in Autotrophic Nitrifying Biofilms." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 7 (July 2005): 3987–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.7.3987-3994.2005.

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ABSTRACT The cross-feeding of microbial products derived from 14C-labeled nitrifying bacteria to heterotrophic bacteria coexisting in an autotrophic nitrifying biofilm was quantitatively analyzed by using microautoradiography combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (MAR-FISH). After only nitrifying bacteria were labeled with [14C]bicarbonate, biofilm samples were incubated with and without NH4 + as a sole energy source for 10 days. The transfer of 14C originally incorporated into nitrifying bacterial cells to heterotrophic bacteria was monitored with time by using MAR-FISH. The MAR-FISH analysis revealed that most phylogenetic groups of heterotrophic bacteria except the β-Proteobacteria showed significant uptake of 14C-labeled microbial products. In particular, the members of the Chloroflexi were strongly MAR positive in the culture without NH4 + addition, in which nitrifying bacteria tended to decay. This indicated that the members of the Chloroflexi preferentially utilized microbial products derived from mainly biomass decay. On the other hand, the members of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium cluster gradually utilized 14C-labeled products in the culture with NH4 + addition in which nitrifying bacteria grew. This result suggested that these bacteria preferentially utilized substrate utilization-associated products of nitrifying bacteria and/or secondary metabolites of 14C-labeled structural cell components. Our results clearly demonstrated that the coexisting heterotrophic bacteria efficiently degraded and utilized dead biomass and metabolites of nitrifying bacteria, which consequently prevented accumulation of organic waste products in the biofilm.

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Ikuta, H., N. Noda, Y. Ebie, A. Hirata, S. Tsuneda, M. Matsumura, and Y. Inamori. "The rapid quantification and detection of nitrifying bacteria by using monoclonal antibody method." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 3-4 (August 1, 2000): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0351.

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Monoclonal antibodies against the two kinds of nitrifying bacteria Nitrosomonas europaea (IFO14298) and Nitrobacter winogradskyi (IFO14297) were raised and isotypes of these monoclonal antibodies, IgM and IgG1, were successfully obtained. Cross reactivities of these monoclonal antibodies against various kinds of representative heterotrophic bacteria turned out to be relatively low by competitive ELISA. In contrast, these monoclonal antibodies were very specific for nitrifying bacteria used as antigens. By means of sandwich ELISA using different isotype monoclonal antibodies such as IgM and IgG1, calibration curves were successfully developed for quantification of nitrifying bacteria. It was shown that the obtainable lower limit of quantification of N. europaea and N. winogradskyi were 7.0 × 106 N/ml and were 6.0 × 105 N/ml, respectively. Nitrifying bacteria in activated sludge of advanced domestic wastewater treatment johkaso were counted by sandwich ELISA and MPN methods. The bacterial number estimated by MPN method was lower than that estimated by sandwich ELISA. It was indicated that this monoclonal antibody method could be used as a quick and powerful tool for estimating and controlling the population of nitrifying bacteria in the advanced domestic wastewater treatment processes.

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Ayiti, Oluwatobi Esther, Ayansina Segun Ayangbenro, and Olubukola Oluranti Babalola. "16S Amplicon Sequencing of Nitrifying Bacteria and Archaea Inhabiting Maize Rhizosphere and the Influencing Environmental Factors." Agriculture 12, no. 9 (August 28, 2022): 1328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091328.

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Nitrifying bacteria and archaea are ubiquitous and can transform ammonia locked up in soil or manure into nitrate, a more soluble form of nitrogen. However, nitrifying bacteria and archaea inhabiting maize rhizosphere have not been fully explored. This study evaluates the diversity and abundance of nitrifying bacteria and archaea across different growth stages of maize using 16S amplicon sequencing. Moreover, the influence of environmental factors (soil physical and chemical properties) on the nitrifying communities was evaluated. Rhizosphere soil DNA was extracted using Nucleospin Soil DNA extraction kit and sequenced on Illumina Miseq platform. MG-RAST was used to analyze the raw sequences. The physical and chemical properties of the soil were measured using standard procedure. The results revealed 9 genera of nitrifying bacteria; Nitrospira, Nitrosospira, Nitrobacter, Nitrosovibrio, Nitrosomonas, Nitrosococcus, Nitrococcus, unclassified (derived from Nitrosomonadales), unclassified (derived from Nitrosomonadaceae) and 1 archaeon Candidatus Nitrososphaera. The Nitrospirae phyla group, which had the most nitrifying bacteria, was more abundant at the tasselling stage (67.94%). Alpha diversity showed no significant difference. However, the Beta diversity showed significant difference (p = 0.01, R = 0.58) across the growth stages. The growth stages had no significant effect on the diversity of nitrifying bacteria and archaea, but the tasselling stage had the most abundant nitrifying bacteria. A correlation was observed between some of the chemical properties and some nitrifying bacteria. The research outcome can be put into consideration while carrying out a biotechnological process that involves nitrifying bacteria and archaea.

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Inamori, Yuhei, Tomotake Takai, Naohiro Noda, Akira Hirata, Hiroshi Niioka, Gao YueHua, and Masatoshi Matsumura. "Development of a rapid quantification method for nitrosomonas and nitrobacter using elisa for wastewater treatment facilities." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0444.

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Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) by use of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) is very useful and helpful for the detection and quantification of the specific bacteria like nitrifiers in a mixed bacterial habitat. In this study, seven monoclonal antibodies were raised from splenocytes of mice(BALB/c) that are specific for the surface antigen of the two kinds of nitrifying bacteria. Three were directed against Nitrosomonas europaea (IFO 14298) and four were directed against Nitrobacter winogradskyi (IFO 14297). Cross-reactivities of MAbs against other strains of nitrifying bacteria as well as some kinds of representative heterotrophic bacteria in activated sludge and biofilm were checked to determine the usefulness of MAbs. It was found that there were some strain specificities between the same genera of IFO and ATCC strain. By means of a competitive ELISA, correlation curves for quantifying nitrifying bacteria were developed in a pure culture. It was found that this monoclonal antibody method could be used as a quick and powerful tool for estimating and controlling the population of nitrifying bacteria.

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Alfisah, R. K., I. Rusmana, T. Widiyanto, and R. Affandi. "The Abundance and Potential Activity of Nitrifying, Denitrifying, and Nitrate-ammonifying Bacteria in the Vanamae Shrimp Culture in Karawang." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1062, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1062/1/012011.

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Abstract The existence of inorganic nitrogen in the shrimp pond ecosystem will not be separated from the nitrogen cycle and microbiological processes including the activity of microbes. This study aimed to analyze the abundance and potential rate of nitrifying, denitrifying, and nitrate-ammonifying bacteria in Vanamae shrimp cultivation. Water samples were collected on a shrimp pond in Karawang, West Java. Water sampling was carried out at the age of shrimp rearing 0 days, 21 days, 65 days, and 89 days. Water sampling was conducted at four points representing an area of the pond. The bacterial abundances were analyzed using Most Probable Number (MPN) method. The potential rates of bacteria were calculated by Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The highest abundance of nitrifying bacteria was 3.690 log cells ml-1 on 65 days, denitrifying bacteria was 3.415 log cells mL-1 on 89 days, and nitrate-ammonifying bacteria was 3.079 log cells mL-1 on 65 days of shrimp cultivation. The affinity of enzymes related to ammonia oxidation from nitrifying bacteria was higher than nitrate reduction from denitrifying and nitrate-ammonifying bacteria. Generally, nitrifying bacteria were the most abundant and dominant activity over shrimp cultivation.

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Okabe, S., T. Kindaichi, Y. Nakamura, and T. Ito. "Eco-physiology of autotrophic nitrifying biofilms." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 7 (October 1, 2005): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0205.

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Microautoradiography combined with fluorescent in situ hybridization (MAR-FISH), a powerful tool for linking physiology with identification of individual cells, was applied to investigate microbial interactions between nitrifying bacteria and coexisting heterotrophic bacteria in an autotrophic nitrifying biofilm community fed with only ammonia as the sole energy source and bicarbonate as the sole carbon source. First, nitrifying bacteria were radiolabeled by culturing the biofilm samples with [14C]bicarbonate for 6 h, and then the transfer of radioactivity from nitrifying bacteria to heterotrophic bacteria was monitored by using MAR-FISH. MAR-FISH revealed that the heterotrophic bacterial community was composed of bacteria that were phylogenetically and metabolically diverse. We could obtain direct evidence that organic matter derived from nitrifiers was subsequently utilized by mainly filamentous bacteria belonging to the Chloroflexi (green non-sulfur bacteria) group or CFB group in the biofilm, which was clearly visualized by MAR-FISH at single cell resolution for the first time. On the other hand, the members of the α- and γ-Proteobacteria were specialized to utilize low-molecular-weight organic matter. This community represents functionally integrated units that assure maximum access to and utilization of metabolites of nitrifiers.

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Han, Dengfeng, Zhenyi Hu, Dapeng Li, and Rong Tang. "Nitrogen Removal of Water and Sediment in Grass Carp Aquaculture Ponds by Mixed Nitrifying and Denitrifying Bacteria and Its Effects on Bacterial Community." Water 14, no. 12 (June 9, 2022): 1855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14121855.

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Nitrification and denitrification are important for nitrogen (N) cycling in fish ponds culture, but the effects of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria concentrations on pond water and sediments remain largely unknown. Here, we used 0, 0.15, 0.30, 0.60 mg/L different concentrations of mixed nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria to repair the pond substrate through an enclosure experiment lasting 15 days. The results showed that the purification effect of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria was most obvious on pond nitrogen from day 4 to day 7. The optimal relative concentration was 0.60 mg/L for nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria; NH4+-N (ammonia nitrogen) decreased by 75.83%, NO2−-N (nitrite) by 93.09%, NO3−-N (nitrate) by 38.02%, and TN (total nitrogen) by 45.16% in this concentration group on pond water. In one cycle, C/N (carbon/nitrogen) ratio of both water body and bottom sediment significantly increased, but C/N ratio of water body increased more significantly than that of sediment. Water C/N ratio increased by 76.00%, and sediment C/N ratio increased by 51.96% in the 0.60 mg/L concentration group. Amplicon sequencing of pond sediment showed that the change in nitrifying and denitrifying bacterium diversity was consistent with that in water quality index. Dominant nitrifying bacteria had a relatively high percentage, with significant differences in dominant bacterium percentage across different bacterial addition groups, while dominant denitrifying bacterium percentage was not high without significant differences among different groups. The dominant species of nitrifying bacteria were, respectively, Nitrosomonas, Nitrosovibrio, Nitrosospira, and Aeromonas, and the dominant species of denitrifying bacteria were Thauera, Azoarcus, Magnetospirillum, Azospira, and Idiomarina. The correlation analyses showed an aerobic nitrification and facultative anaerobic denitrification in pond sediments. Research shows that the addition of exogenous nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria can effectively reduce the nitrogen load of pond water and sediment. At the concentration of 0.6 mg/L, the nitrogen load of pond water and sediment decreased most obviously, which had the best effect on pond purification.

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Lai, Zi Ni, Ying De Cui, Peng Gao, and Xun Jun Chen. "Modified PLA Carrier Material and its Performance in Immobilization of Nitrifying Bacteria." Materials Science Forum 610-613 (January 2009): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.610-613.198.

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To prepare the renewable carrier materials for immobilization of nitrifying bacteria, polylactic acid (PLA) dichloromethane solution was added to chitosan aqueous solution, mixed by agitation at a speed of 150 rpm / min. The resultant PLA microspheres were fund to have diameter of 100 ~ 300 μm, thus underwent ammonolysis by a 6 % hexamethylenediamine / n-propanol solution for 8 min, hydroformylation by a 1% glutaraldehyde solution for 3 h, and grafted with 1% chitosan for 24 h, to improve the surface hydrophilic property. The static adsorption was applied for adhesion of nitrifying bacteria to the surface of the carrier, i.e. immobilization of nitrifying bacteria. The removal efficiency of ammonia by the immobilized nitrifying bacteria in wastewater treatment was tested. The results showed that the surface of the microsphere carrier was rough and osteoporosis, therefore it can adhere more nitrifying bacteria. When it was immersed in the suspension of nitrifying bacteria for 8 h, the rate of nitrification by the immobilized nitrifying bacteria reached the highest level and tended to be stable afterwards.

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Yosmaniar, Y., T. Sumiati, and M. Mulyasari. "Growth Performance and Survival Rate of Catfish (Pangasius sp) with the Application of the Nitrifying and Denitrifying Bacteria." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 934, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/934/1/012004.

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Abstract Nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria can be used as a bioremediation agents in aquaculture. The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the optimal growth and survival performances of catfish rearing with the application of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. A completely randomized design was performed with the following treatments: A) nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria NP2-DP1; B) nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria NP2-DP2; C) commercial bacteria and D) without bacterial isolate (control), each with 3 replications. Twelve containers (34 x 34 x 45 cm) were used with a volume of 20 L equipped with aeration. The catfish used (Pangasius sp) has a body weight of 8.33 g ± 0.1 and stocking density of 20 fish / container reared within 30 days. Feed was applied to the fish at 3% of their body weight for three times a day at 08.00 am, 12.00 and 15.00 pm . . Inoculation of bacteria on day 10th and; 20th, that is 108 cfu / mL. The parameters measured were growth rate, survival rate, and water quality. Sampling was carried out every 10 days. The results showed that the application of NP2 and DP1 was the optimal to increase the growth and survival of catfish.

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Sheng, Xiaolin, Rui Liu, Lujun Chen, Zihua Yin, and Jianfeng Zhu. "Enrichment and application of nitrifying activated sludge in membrane bioreactors." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 11 (August 14, 2017): 2888–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.421.

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Abstract In this study, nitrifying bacteria were enriched in a membrane bioreactor (MBR, R1) and their bioaugmentation effectiveness was evaluated in another two MBRs (R2 and R3). Nitrifying activated sludge (NAS) with high nitrification activity of up to 3,000 mg-N/(L·d)−1 was successfully enriched in R1. The results showed that chemical oxygen demand concentration of 100–200 mg/L had no negative effect on NAS enrichment but reduced the ratio of bacterial nitrifiers. Moreover, the cell concentration of nitrifying bacteria in NAS, which was 3.1 × 1011 cells/L, was similar to that of the commercial bacterium agent. For the bioaugmentation test, the reactor inoculated with 14% NAS achieved a 23% higher NH4+-N removal efficiency than that of the uninoculated reactor. Along with the improvement of nitrification performance, the bacterial nitrifiers abundance and microbial richness remarkably increased after bioaugmentation. These results suggested that the MBR system could efficiently enrich nitrifying bacteria using organic carbon containing culture medium, and potentially act as a side-stream reactor to enhance the nitrification function of the wastewater treatment plant.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Bacteria, Nitrifying"

McKinlay, Sarah M. "The interactions between ammonifying and nitrifying bacteria." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338396.

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The effects of adhesion to surfaces on the specific growth rates of Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter sp. were determined in batch culture systems both in monoculture and co-culture. It was found that the presence of a glass slide in co-cultures of these bacteria significantly reduced the specific growth rates of both species of bacteria. In monoculture, the specific growth rate of N. europaea was significantly lower in a mature biofilm system. The specific rates of production of ammonia by these four species of Pseudomonas were investigated in minimal medium. All four species converted approximately 60 - 80% of the provided L-alanine to ammonia, and this production of ammonia raised the pH of the medium. All four strains were capable of this when the initial pH of the medium was 5.5 or 7.5, however, lowering the initial pH of the medium reduced the specific rate of production of ammonia for P. cepacia, P. fluorescens and P. syringae, and reduced the final concentration of ammonia produced by P. cepacia. Ammonia produced by P. fluorescens could support the growth of N. europaea in liquid batch culture. The growth of the pseudomonad increased the pH of the medium from 5.5 to 6.8 and this increase in pH allowed growth of the nitrifier in the medium with the lower initial pH. The growth of N. europaea and P. fluorescens in continuous flow biofilm reactors was examined, and the addition of P. fluorescens to a nitrifying biofilm raised the pH of the bulk medium, thus removing the effects of pH inhibition on the ammonia oxidiser. Further investigations were carried out in continuous flow sand column systems and it was found that the rapid growth of the pseudomonad caused obstruction of the column.

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Jones, Nicole Jean. "NITRIFYING BACTERIAL ABUNDANCE IN RELATION TO NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN WETLANDS." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/829.

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Floodplain lakes are wetlands which receive flood waters from nearby rivers or other sources. Water samples were taken from floodplain lakes near the Illinois River, the Mississippi River, and the Cache River in Southern Illinois. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), spectrophotometry, and gene probes were used to investigate the effect of nutrient and chemical concentrations on the abundance of nitrifying bacteria; specifically ammonia-oxidizing Nitrosococcus and Nitrosomonadales and nitrite-oxidizing Nitrospira and Nitrobacter. Nitrosococcus was the dominant ammonia-oxidizing bacteria at each river system. Nitrospira and Nitrobacter had similar average abundances. Nitrosococcus abundances showed a significant positive correlation with nitrate (NO3-) (R2= 0.247, P=0.05, 95% confidence R2≥0.199) and a positive trend with nitrite (NO2-) (R2= 0.194, P=0.10, 90% confidence R2≥0.125). Nitrosomonadales abundance positively correlated with temperature (R2= 0.530, P=0.05, 95% confidence R2≥0.510). Nitrospira abundances positively correlated with ammonium (NH4+) (R2= 0.265, P=0.05, 95% confidence R2≥0.199), NO2- (R2= 0.372, P=0.05, 95% confidence R2≥0.199), and NO3- (R2= 0.482, P=0.05, 95% confidence R2≥0.199). None of the target bacterial abundances significantly correlated with pH or dissolved inorganic phosphate.

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Cheatham, Amy Kathleen. "Responses of Nitrifying Bacteria to Aquaculture Chemotherapeutic Agents." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26879.

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As in any animal production industry, disease is inevitable; therefore, it is imperative that aquaculturists are able to effectively manage the disease and maintain their high production levels in an effort to bridge the gap between supply and demand in the seafood industry that has been caused in part by global over-fishing. This management responsibility lies not only in understanding the impact of the treatment on the cultured species, but also in understanding the impact of the treatment to the aquaculture system as an ecosystem. Currently, there is a narrow variety of chemicals approved by either the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for the treatment of disease outbreaks and water quality issues in aquaculture. Approved chemotherapeutants include oxytetracycline, Romet-30®, copper, and formalin. Additionally, a number of chemicals, such as Chloramine-T and potassium permanganate, are used off-label for the treatment of aquaculture systems. In this research, these six more commonly used chemotherapeutants were analyzed for their impacts to the nitrifying bacteria in aquaculture systems. It was found that three of the chemotherapeutants: oxytetracycline, Romet-30®, and chelated copper caused inhibition to the nitrifying bacteria at the whole cell level as demonstrated in the results from water quality and specific oxygen uptake rate analyses. The nitrification process resumed once the chemotherapeutant was removed from the system, either by a mandatory water change or by natural degradation. The other three chemicals: formalin, Chloramine-T, and potassium permanganate did not result in any significant inhibition to the nitrification process. Experiments on laboratory-cultured nitrifying bacteria confirmed these findings. These experiments also resulted in the observation that the expression of amoA was upregulated by the copper exposure and inhibited by oxytetracycline and Romet-30®, but began to resume as the antibiotics degraded. Comprehensively, the findings of these analyses demonstrated that, although nitrifiers are well-known to be sensitive to their environment, the ability of nitrifying bacteria to continue their oxidative processes following exposure to chemical stress is inherent to the bacteria themselves rather than simply occurring under the protection of a biofilm community as has been suggested.
Ph. D.

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Song, Weining. "Some aspects of the utilization of inorganic nitrogen compounds and carbon compounds by "Nitrobacter hamburgensis" /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09as724.pdf.

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Smith, Timothy R. "Evaluating the effectiveness of commercial nitrifying bacteria in a constructed wetland." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1020149.

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This research was conducted to determine the effects of commercially available nitrifying bacteria in a constructed wetland. The study was conducted at Paws, Inc., near Desoto, Indiana during the summer of 1995. The wetland, called Solar Aquatics Treatment System (SAS), was developed by Ecological Engineering Associates and constructed in a, greenhouse. The commercial nitrifying bacteria (Bacta-Pur), contained Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter Spp. and have been added to the wetland for the past five years to aid in the removal of nitrogen.Water samples were taken from the wetland and analyzed for ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, dissolved oxygen, hydrogen ion concentrations and water temperature from Monday through Friday for three weeks. A baseline was established from these samples. After three weeks of testing the addition of Bacta-Pur to the wetland was discontinued.To determine whether these additional bacteria were needed, testing without the Bacta-Pur was conducted for three weeks. These samples were collected and analyzed for the same parameters as those used to establish baseline information.Ammonia concentrations were significantly lower without the addition of Bacta-Pur bacteria. There were no significant differences for concentrations of nitrite and nitrate. The water temperature was higher in the three weeks when no Bacta-Pur was added. This was due to the increase in ambient temperature which caused the water temperature in the SAS to increase. Since the nitrogen compounds either remained the same or decreased in concentration at the effluent without the addition of bacteria, the addition of Bacta-Pur is not needed in order to remain in compliance with EPA regulations for effluent standards.A container experiment was conducted to provide an' environment that had no introduced bacteria before the addition of Bacta-Pur. There were no significant differences for the nitrogen compounds between wastewater samples with addition and without addition of Bacta-Pur bacteria.
Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management

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Hughes, Leonie. "Multistage and multiple biomass approaches to efficient biological nitrogen removal using biofilm cultures." Thesis, Hughes, Leonie ORCID: 0000-0001-6496-988X (2008) Multistage and multiple biomass approaches to efficient biological nitrogen removal using biofilm cultures. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2008. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/674/.

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Nitrogen removal from wastewater is important for the revention of significant health and environmental impacts such as eutrophication. Nitrogen removal is achieved by the combined action of nitrification and denitrification. Nitrification is performed by autotrophic, slow growing microorganisms that require oxygen and are inhibited in the presence of denitrifiers when oxygen and COD are available due to competition for oxygen. Denitrification however, performed by relatively fast growing heterotrophic bacteria, is inhibited by oxygen and requires COD. This implies that nitrification and denitrification are mutually exclusive. The supply of oxygen to a fresh wastewater, high in ammonia and COD, causes waste of both oxygen and COD. Conservation of COD is therefore critical to efficient wastewater treatment. The approach investigated in this study to achieve complete nitrogen removal was to physically separate the nitrification and denitrification biomasses into separate bioreactors, supplying each with appropriate conditions for growth and activity. A storage driven denitrification sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SDDR) was established which exhibited a high level of COD storage (up to 80% of influent COD) as poly-B-hydroxybutyrate capable of removing >99% of nitrogen from wastewaters with a C/N ratio of 4.7 kg COD/kg N–NO3 –. The SDDR was combined in sequential operation with a nitrification reactor to achieve complete nitrogen removal. The multiple stage, multiple biomass reactor was operated in sequence, with Phase 1 - COD storage in the storage driven denitrification biofilm; Phase 2 - ammonia oxidation in the nitrification reactor; and Phase 3 - nitrate reduction using the stored COD in the storage driven denitrification reactor. The overall rate of nitrogen removal observed was up to 1.1 mmole NH3 L–1 h–1 and >99% of nitrogen could be removed from wastewaters with a low C/N ratio of 3.9 kg COD/kg N–NH3. The multiple stage, multiple biomass system was limited in overall nitrogen removal the reduction in pH caused by nitrification. A parallel nitrification-denitrificatio (PND) reactor was developed in response to the pH control issue. The PND reactor was operated with Phase 1 – COD storage in the storage driven denitrification biofilm and Phase 2 – simultaneous circulation of reactor liquor between the denitrification and nitrification biofilms to achieve complete nitrogen removal and transfer of protons. The PND reactor performed competitively with the multistage reactor (removal of >99% nitrogen from wastewaters with feed ratios of 3.4 kg COD/kg N–NH3) without the need for addition of buffering material to oderate the pH.

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Hughes, Leonie. "Multistage and multiple biomass approaches to efficient biological nitrogen removal using biofilm cultures." Hughes, Leonie (2008) Multistage and multiple biomass approaches to efficient biological nitrogen removal using biofilm cultures. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2008. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/674/.

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Ray, Anirban. "Identification, Enumeration and Diversity of Nitrifying Bacteria in the Laurentian Great Lakes." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1351276518.

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Lako, Joseph. "Analysis of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria associated with the roots of Proteaceae plant species in soils of Fynbos ecosystem." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The major objective of this study was to investigate soil ammonia-oxidizing bacterial diversity and composition associated with plant roots of Proteaceae plants and to compare it with non-plant associated soil.

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Meng, Yiyu. "Nitrite oxidising bacteria in soil : examination of the interactions with ammonia oxidisers and the influence of pH on their diversity and distribution." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231853.

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Nitrification is a central part of the nitrogen cycle, whereby the most reduced form, ammonia, is converted to the most oxidised form, nitrate via nitrite. The first step is performed by ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA), with the second step performed by nitrite oxidising bacteria (NOB). Although both groups are closely associated in nature, ammonia oxidisers have received more attention compared to NOB as ammonia oxidation is considered the rate-limiting step. Nitrobacter and Nitrospira are two important groups of soil NOB. To determine whether there are specific associations of AOA or AOB with certain NOB, the effect of organic and inorganic ammonia sources was tested by adding glutamate or ammonium sulphate to soil together with either 5% 12CO2 or 13CO2 to determined autotrophic growth by DNA-SIP. The results demonstrated that while the various ammonia and nitrite oxidisers responded differently, there was no direct evidence of specific coupled interactions. The effects of soil pH on Nitrobacter and Nitrospira was then investigated in a long-term pH gradient in an agricultural field. The results demonstrated that Nitrospira abundance was lower in acidic soils, whereas Nitrobacter abundance remained equally or more abundant. pH also influenced the relative distribution of Nitrobacter and Nitrospira populations, with distinct community structures at both high and low pH. The interaction of AOA and NOB was further investigated in a co-culture experiment, and demonstrated that the removal of nitrite and free nitrous acid NOB enhanced both rates and amounts of ammonia oxidised, indicating that in acidic environments these relationships may be particularly critical. Finally, the use of the compound PTIO was investigated for potential use in elucidating specific relationships between AOA and NOB. Results demonstrated a lack of specificity for the target group, and was unstable in soil, and therefore its use in soil should proceed with caution.

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Книги з теми "Bacteria, Nitrifying"

Moir, James W. B. Nitrogen cycling in bacteria: Molecular analysis. Norfolk, UK: Caister Academic Press, 2011.

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Harrison, F. C. Co-operative experiments with nodule forming bacteria. Toronto: Dept. of Agriculture, 1997.

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Nyberg, Karin. Impact of organic waste residues on structure and function of soil bacterial communities with emphasis on ammonia oxidizing bacteria. Uppsala: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006.

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Zimmerman, Robert Allan. Acclimation of nitrifiers for activated sludge treatment: A bench-scale evaluation. Alexandria, VA: Water Environment Research Foundation, 2004.

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Wong, Tommy S. W. Overland flow and surface runoff. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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I, Prosser James, and Society for General Microbiology, eds. Nitrification. Oxford: Published for the Society for General Microbiology by IRL Press, 1986.

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Juliette, Lisa Yvonne. In vivo and in vitro characterization of ammonia monooxygenase in Nitrosomonas europaea. 1995.

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Duddleston, Khrystyne Noel. Properties of methyl bromide cooxidation by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. 1998.

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Keener, William Kelvin. Interactions of ammonia monooxygenase in Nitrosomonas europaea with hydrocarbons and subtituted hydrocarbons. 1995.

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Stein, Lisa Yael. Effects of ammonia, pH, and nitrite on the physiology of Nitrosmonas europaea, an obligate ammonia-oxidizing bacterium. 1998.

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Частини книг з теми "Bacteria, Nitrifying"

Spieck, Eva, and Eberhard Bock. "Nitrifying Bacteria." In Bergey’s Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology, 137–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28021-9_17.

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Schmidt, E. L., and L. W. Belser. "Nitrifying Bacteria." In Agronomy Monographs, 1027–42. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed.c48.

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Alexander, M., and Francis E. Clark. "Nitrifying Bacteria." In Agronomy Monographs, 1477–83. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.c51.

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Schmidt, Edwin L., and L. W. Belser. "Autotrophic Nitrifying Bacteria." In SSSA Book Series, 159–77. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.2.c10.

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Saha, Mousumi, Agniswar Sarkar, and Bidyut Bandyopadhyay. "Phylogenetic Characterization of Nitrifying Bacteria Isolated from East Kolkata Wetland." In Proceedings of the Conference BioSangam 2022: Emerging Trends in Biotechnology (BIOSANGAM 2022), 114–22. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-020-6_12.

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AbstractEast Kolkata Wetland (EKW) is an “International Ramsar Site”, famous for broad biodiversity and insightful use of sewage for aquaculture. Native nitrifying bacteria of EKW play a significant role in maintaining water quality and controlling environmental pollution by converting ammonia into nitrate in wastewater. Therefore, the characterization of nitrifying bacteria is important in EKW. Thus, the main focus of this research was to identify and characterize the nitrifying bacteria, investigating their phylogeny and diversity in EKW. 16S rRNA and functional genes analysis may help in the proper evaluation of composition and distribution of nitrifying bacteria in some water bodies in EKW, which has not yet been explored. Molecular and phylogenetic characterization was targeted and achieved through 16S rRNA and functional gene analysis, followed by computational estimation. Resulted sequences were analysed to gain insight into the knowledge for global and local taxonomic orientation. Hence, a model can be created for characterizing the dynamics of nitrifying bacteria in wastewater treatment and sustainable aquaculture in different water bodies of EKW. Graphical Abstract

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Zhang, Jiankun. "Relationship between heterotrophic bacteria and nitrifying autotrophic bacteria in biological sand filter." In Advances in Energy Materials and Environment Engineering, 156–60. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003332664-24.

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Gooijer, C. D., R. H. Wijffels, and J. Tramper. "Dynamic Modeling the Growth of Immobilized Nitrifying Bacteria : Biofilm Development." In Biofilms — Science and Technology, 291–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1824-8_25.

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Abeliovich, Aharon. "Transformations of ammonia and the environmental impact of nitrifying bacteria." In Microorganisms to Combat Pollution, 131–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1672-5_10.

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Averill, Bruce A. "Transformation of Inorganic N-Oxides by Denitrifying and Nitrifying Bacteria." In Biodegradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds, 183–97. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9447-2_11.

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Pereira, Engil I. P., and Marcelo C. M. Teixeira Filho. "Detection and Quantification of Nitrifying Bacteria Using Real-Time PCR." In Nitrogen Metabolism in Plants, 145–53. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9790-9_13.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Bacteria, Nitrifying"

Wei, Zaishan, and Hejingying Niu. "Biofiltetration of Nitrogen Oxides by Immobilized Nitrifying Bacteria Cells." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5516512.

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Elling, F. J., T. W. Evans, J. D. Hemingway, J. J. Kharbush, V. Nathan, B. Bayer, A. E. Santoro, E. Spieck, R. E. Summons, and A. Pearson. "Marine and Terrestrial Nitrifying Bacteria are Sources of Diverse Bacteriohopanepolyols." In 30th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry (IMOG 2021). European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202134112.

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Kniggendorf, Ann-Kathrin, Regina Nogueira, and Bernhard Roth. "Oxygen Stress Response of Nitrifying Bacteria monitored with Raman Spectroscopy In Vivo." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2021.am4p.4.

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Xue Niantao, Wang Qunhui, Wu Chuanfu, Li Chen, and Sun Xiaohong. "Enrichment and screening of nitrifying bacteria and application in a biotrickling filter." In 2010 International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2010.5536384.

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Kurogi, T., N. T. T. Linh, T. Kuroki, T. Yamada, and A. Hiraishi. "Culture-independent detection of "TM7" bacteria in a streptomycin-resistant acidophilic nitrifying process." In THE IRAGO CONFERENCE 2013. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4866618.

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Wei, Wei, Mengyan Liu, Wenjun Zhang, Yonhzhi Zhao, Xiaoying Guo, Qi Cui, Junshe Huang, and Xiaohan Yao. "Studies on influencing factors of heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria treating black and odorous water bodies." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREEN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (GESD 2019). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5116511.

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Dong, Yamei, Zhengjia Zhang, Yan-Yan Deng, and Yilu Wang. "Immobilization of Nitrifying Bacteria in Waterborne Polyurethane Hydrogel for Removal of Ammonium Nitrogen from Wastewater." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5162924.

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Li, Chao, Weili Xi, and Tao Bi. "Community Structure and Quantification of Nitrifying Bacteria in Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge System Treating Industrial Wastewater." In 2nd International Conference on Green Materials and Environmental Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/gmee-15.2015.19.

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Ping Fang, Qiong Wan, Lifang Yu, and Dangcong Peng. "Modeling and simulating for enrichment of Nitrifying Bacteria by reject water to enhance nitrification in wastewater treatment." In 2011 International Conference on New Technology of Agricultural Engineering (ICAE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icae.2011.5943860.

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Loh, Kenneth J., Jeremy S. Guest, Genevieve Ho, Jerome P. Lynch, and Nancy G. Love. "Layer-by-layer carbon nanotube bio-templates for in situ monitoring of the metabolic activity of nitrifying bacteria." In SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by Tribikram Kundu. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.815995.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Bacteria, Nitrifying"

Shi, Cindy. Development of Novel Random Network Theory-Based Approaches to Identify Network Interactions among Nitrifying Bacteria. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1194724.

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Van Rijn, Jaap, Harold Schreier, and Yossi Tal. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation as a novel approach for water treatment in marine and freshwater aquaculture recirculating systems. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7696511.bard.

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Ammonia waste removal in recirculating aquaculture systems is typically accomplished via the action of nitrifying bacteria in specially designed biofilters that oxidize ammonia to produce nitrate. In the majority of these systems nitrate is discharged to the environment through frequent water exchanges. As environmental considerations have made it necessary to eliminate nitrate release, new strategies for nitrate consumption are being developed. In the funding period we showed that ammonia removal from wastewater could take place by an anaerobic ammonia oxidation process carried out by bacterial Planctomycetessp. Referred to as “anammox”, this process occurs in the absence of an organic source and in the presence of nitrite (or nitrate) as an electron acceptor as follows: NH₃ + HNO₂ -> N₂ + 2H₂O. Annamox has been estimated to result in savings of up to 90% of the costs associated with was wastewater treatment plants. Our objective was to study the applicability of the anammox process in a variety of recirculating aquaculture systems to determine optimal conditions necessary for efficient ammonia waste removal. Both seawater and freshwater systems operated with either conventional aerobic treatment of ammonia to nitrate (USA) or, in addition, denitrifying biofilters as well as anaerobic digestion of sludge (Israel) were tested. Molecular tools were used to screen and monitor different treatment compartments for the presence of Planctomycetes. Optimal conditions for the enrichment of the anammox bacteria were tested using laboratory scale biofilters as well as a semi-commercial system. Enrichment studies resulted in the isolation of some unique heterotrophic bacteria capable of plasmid-mediated autotrophic growth in the presence of ammonia and nitrite. Our studies have not only demonstrated the presence and viability of Planctomycetes spp. in recirculating marine and freshwater systems biofilter units but also demonstrated the applicability of the anammox process in these systems. Using our results we have developed treatment schemes that have allowed for optimizing the anammox process and applying it to recirculating systems.

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