Готові списки джерел за темами / Automotive sensors

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Automotive sensors"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 20 лютого 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Automotive sensors"

Liu, Ji. "Automobile Sensor Technology Development and Application Research." Applied Mechanics and Materials 727-728 (January 2015): 704–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.727-728.704.

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This paper introduces the developing course of auto sensor and impetus, automotive electronic system in various sensors practical level, gives the best technical index, and the current sensor in the application of automotive electronic control system, and shows the development trend of the automotive sensors and the forecast, points out the development direction of modern sensor technology is integrated and intelligent, likely has a huge market share in the future several kinds of new sensors, and finally the development of the automotive sensors are described briefly and the market forecast.

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Gomes, Tiago, Ricardo Roriz, Luís Cunha, Andreas Ganal, Narciso Soares, Teresa Araújo, and João Monteiro. "Evaluation and Testing System for Automotive LiDAR Sensors." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (December 18, 2022): 13003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122413003.

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The world is facing a great technological transformation towards fully autonomous vehicles, where optimists predict that by 2030 autonomous vehicles will be sufficiently reliable, affordable, and common to displace most human driving. To cope with these trends, reliable perception systems must enable vehicles to hear and see all their surroundings, with light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors being a key instrument for recreating a 3D visualization of the world in real time. However, perception systems must rely on accurate measurements of the environment. Thus, these intelligent sensors must be calibrated and benchmarked before being placed on the market or assembled in a car. This article presents an Evaluation and Testing Platform for Automotive LiDAR sensors, with the main goal of testing both commercially available sensors and new sensor prototypes currently under development in Bosch Car Multimedia Portugal. The testing system can benchmark any LiDAR sensor under different conditions, recreating the expected driving environment in which such devices normally operate. To characterize and validate the sensor under test, the platform evaluates several parameters, such as the field of view (FoV), angular resolution, sensor’s range, etc., based only on the point cloud output. This project is the result of a partnership between the University of Minho and Bosch Car Multimedia Portugal.

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Rasshofer, R. H., and K. Gresser. "Automotive Radar and Lidar Systems for Next Generation Driver Assistance Functions." Advances in Radio Science 3 (May 12, 2005): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-3-205-2005.

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Abstract. Automotive radar and lidar sensors represent key components for next generation driver assistance functions (Jones, 2001). Today, their use is limited to comfort applications in premium segment vehicles although an evolution process towards more safety-oriented functions is taking place. Radar sensors available on the market today suffer from low angular resolution and poor target detection in medium ranges (30 to 60m) over azimuth angles larger than ±30°. In contrast, Lidar sensors show large sensitivity towards environmental influences (e.g. snow, fog, dirt). Both sensor technologies today have a rather high cost level, forbidding their wide-spread usage on mass markets. A common approach to overcome individual sensor drawbacks is the employment of data fusion techniques (Bar-Shalom, 2001). Raw data fusion requires a common, standardized data interface to easily integrate a variety of asynchronous sensor data into a fusion network. Moreover, next generation sensors should be able to dynamically adopt to new situations and should have the ability to work in cooperative sensor environments. As vehicular function development today is being shifted more and more towards virtual prototyping, mathematical sensor models should be available. These models should take into account the sensor's functional principle as well as all typical measurement errors generated by the sensor.

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Russell, M. E., C. A. Drubin, A. S. Marinilli, W. G. Woodington, and M. J. Del Checcolo. "Integrated automotive sensors." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 50, no. 3 (March 2002): 674–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/22.989952.

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Bogue, Robert. "Advanced automotive sensors." Sensor Review 22, no. 2 (June 1, 2002): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602280210421217.

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Tutunea, Dragos, George Gherghina, and Adrian Constantin Cernaianu. "Study of Inductive Sensors for Automotive Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 822 (January 2016): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.822.341.

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There is an ever increasing demand for use of inductive speed sensors in a broad range of applications. They are used in typical applications such as cam and crank shaft position/speed and wheel and turbo shaft speed measurement. This paper describes the type of inductive sensor found on vehicles and the difficulties of detecting at low speeds. In the laboratory of Mechatronics an experimental device has been done to measure the speed using an inductive speed sensor. The experimental results are satisfactory and show the possibility of the inductive sensors to be used in automotive industry.

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Tutunea, Dragos, Ilie Dumitru, Oana Victoria Oţăt, Laurentiu Racila, Ionuţ Daniel Geonea, and Claudia Cristina Rotea. "Oxygen Sensor Testing for Automotive Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 896 (February 2020): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.896.249.

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During the operation of internal combustion engines the air-fuel ratio (A/F) is an important parameter which affects fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. The automotive oxygen sensor (Lambda) measures the quantity of residual oxygen in the combustion gases. Sensor degradation in time due to the exposure to high temperatures causes a distortion in controlling the A/F with the increase in gas emissions. In this paper an experimental stand is designed to test oxygen sensor degradation in laboratory condition. Four oxygen sensors were tested function of temperature and time recording their variation in resistance and voltage. The results showed similar values in the curves for all sensors tested.

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Tanev, A., P. Mitsev, and T. Lazarova. "Challenging Sensing Solutions Designed by Sensata Bulgaria." Information Technologies and Control 15, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/itc-2017-0035.

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Abstract This paper presents novel green automotive platinum sensing technology together with pressure sensors design principles and applications. In recent years, worldwide emissions legislation has been introduced and is rapidly becoming more stringent. With alternative vehicular propulsion methods far from becoming mainstream reality, leading automotive providers have intensified efforts in the direction of reducing the harmful footprint of their products. This is being accomplished via smaller, appropriately designed internal combustion engines, necessitating an increased and higher-performance sensor content per vehicle. This paper elaborates on temperature sensor application in automotive exhaust gas performance sensing and as well as pressure sensors in different challenging automotive applications with very high pressure levels.

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Schriefl, Mario Anton, Matthias Longin, and Alexander Bergmann. "Charging-Based PN Sensing of Automotive Exhaust Particles." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (January 3, 2019): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130805.

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Mobile measurement of particle number concentration (PN) in the exhaust of motor vehicles has recently become an integral part of emission legislation. Charge-based sensing techniques for the examination of PN, like Diffusion Charging (DC), represent a promising alternative to condensational particle counters (CPCs) as established PN sensors, because they enable to build robust, compact and energy efficient systems. However, due to the charging process, particle properties like size and morphology have a big impact on the sensor’s PN response. For particles of different size and shape we experimentally investigated those impacts using own-built charging-based sensors. The PN response of the DC sensor showed desired behavior for compact NaCl particles, but less satisfying behavior for combustion aerosol standard (CAST) particles, which is a widely used test aerosol for automotive applications. With a photoelectric charger, the PN response of CAST particles was significantly better.

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Westbrook, M. H. "Sensors for automotive application." Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments 18, no. 9 (September 1985): 751–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/18/9/004.

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Дисертації з теми "Automotive sensors"

Ramian, Florian B. "Automotive radar imaging using noncoherent sensors." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=980528933.

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Kotzeva, Vega Petrova. "Chemical sensors for automotive emission control." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620419.

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Fersch, Thomas [Verfasser]. "Optical Code Modulation for Automotive LiDAR Sensors / Thomas Fersch." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2020. http://d-nb.info/121946984X/34.

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Wu, Chi-Hao. "Enhancing the production performance of automotive sensor assembly lines through the statistical design of experiments." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.

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Анотація:

Thesis (M.S.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references.

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Gerrits, Brian D. "An analysis of competencies required in electricity and electronics by automotive technicians in the Chippewa Valley." Online version, 2008. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008gerritsb.pdf.

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Kronander, Jon. "Robust Automotive Positioning: Integration of GPS and Relative Motion Sensors." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2589.

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Анотація:

Automotive positioning systems relying exclusively on the input from a GPS receiver, which is a line of sight sensor, tend to be sensitive to situations with limited sky visibility. Such situations include: urban environments with tall buildings; inside parking structures; underneath trees; in tunnels and under bridges. In these situations, the system has to rely on integration of relative motion sensors to estimate vehicle position. However, these sensor measurements are generally affected by errors such as offsets and scale factors, that will cause the resulting position accuracy to deteriorate rapidly once GPS input is lost.

The approach in this thesis is to use a GPS receiver in combination with low cost sensor equipment to produce a robust positioning module. The module should be capable of handling situations where GPS input is corrupted or unavailable. The working principle is to calibrate the relative motion sensors when GPS is available to improve the accuracy during GPS intermission. To fuse the GPS information with the sensor outputs, different models have been proposed and evaluated on real data sets. These models tend to be nonlinear, and have therefore been processed in an Extended Kalman Filter structure.

Experiments show that the proposed solutions can compensate for most of the errors associated with the relative motion sensors, and that the resulting positioning accuracy is improved accordingly.

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Barro, Alessandro. "Indirect TPMS improvement: sensor fusion with ultrasound parking sensors." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23765/.

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Pre-feasibility analysis on the optimization of the performance of the indirect tyre pressure monitoring system through a sensor fusion with a new generation of ultrasound parking sensors: from the idea to the development of macro project specifications and macro business case, with definition of the possible new scenario in terms of performance, costs and perceived quality

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Wang, Liming. "Development and characterization of ceramic-based NOx sensors for automotive applications /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487949508371872.

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Liu, Hugh-sing Hugh. "Integrated vehicle positioning system using sensors and image processing of beacon signal /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21903888.

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Husstedt, Hendrik [Verfasser]. "Measurement of Magnetic Fields for the Testing of Automotive Sensors / Hendrik Husstedt." Aachen : Shaker, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1067735615/34.

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Книги з теми "Automotive sensors"

Westbrook, M. H. Automotive sensors. Bristol: Institute of Physics Pub., 1994.

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Miller, Richard Kendall. Survey on automotive sensors. Madison, GA: Future Technology Surveys, 1989.

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ing, Marek Jiří, ed. Sensors for automotive applications. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2003.

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Marek, Jiri, Hans-Peter Trah, Yasutoshi Suzuki, and Iwao Yokomori, eds. Sensors for Automotive Applications. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527601422.

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O, Nwagboso Christopher, ed. Automotive sensory systems. London: Chapman & Hall, 1993.

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Jain, Vipul. Automotive Radar Sensors in Silicon Technologies. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013.

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Jain, Vipul, and Payam Heydari. Automotive Radar Sensors in Silicon Technologies. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6775-6.

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Bhattacharya, Shantanu, Avinash Kumar Agarwal, Om Prakash, and Shailendra Singh, eds. Sensors for Automotive and Aerospace Applications. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3290-6.

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Halderman, James D. Automotive engine performance. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007.

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Halderman, James D. Automotive engine performance. 4th ed. Boston: Prentice Hall, 2010.

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Частини книг з теми "Automotive sensors"

Cockshott, Peter. "Automotive Sensors." In Sensors, 491–523. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527620180.ch17.

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Igarashi, Isemi. "Automotive: Onboard Sensors." In Sensors, 383–405. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527620128.ch14.

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Zabler, Erich, Wolfgang-Michael Müller, Claus Bischoff, Christian Pfahler, Peter Weiberle, Ulrich Papert, Christian Gerhardt, et al. "Automotive sensors." In Automotive Mechatronics, 144–67. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-03975-2_7.

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Reinhart, Karl-Franz, and Matthias Illing. "Automotive Sensor Market." In Sensors for Automotive Applications, 5–19. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527601422.ch2.

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Guenthner, Stefan, Bernhard Schmid, and Alexander Kolbe. "From Sensors to Sensor Systems." In Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2010, 279–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16362-3_27.

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Nwagboso, Christopher O. "Intelligent sensors for vehicles." In Automotive Sensory Systems, 323–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1508-7_15.

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Nwagboso, Christopher O. "Sensors in automobile applications." In Automotive Sensory Systems, 27–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1508-7_2.

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Nwagboso, Christopher O. "Sensors and systems for crankshaft position measurement." In Automotive Sensory Systems, 61–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1508-7_4.

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Marek, Jiri, and Hans-Peter Trah. "Overview." In Sensors for Automotive Applications, 1–4. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527601422.ch1.

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Trah, Hans-Peter, Kersten Kehr, and Roland Müller-Fiedler. "Measurement Principles: Basic Considerations about Sensing." In Sensors for Automotive Applications, 21–37. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527601422.ch3.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Automotive sensors"

Marek, Jiri, and Matthias Illing. "Automotive sensors." In Micromachining and Microfabrication, edited by Siegfried W. Janson. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.480769.

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Hammerschmidt, Dirk, and Patrick Leteinturier. "Automotive Sensors & amp; Sensor Interfaces." In SAE 2004 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-0210.

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Wells, Roger F. "Automotive Steering Sensors." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/900493.

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Chiou, J. Albert. "Pressure Sensors in Automotive Applications and Future Challenges." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0315.

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Abstract Silicon pressure sensors have been widely used in the automotive and health care industries since the last decade, especially in automotive applications. Initially, the sensors mounted in cars are used to reduce the emission pollution and improve the gas consumption. Today, sensors are commonly used in many automotive systems. High volume, low price, and small size are the major keys to the success of the automotive pressure sensor business. More mature micromachining operations, better understanding of material properties, improved mechanical packaging, better circuit and system design, higher volume production test, and application engineering to fit the end user system requirements are all important factors that contribute to the commercial success of pressure sensors.

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Prokhorov, D. "Virtual Sensors and Their Automotive Applications." In 2005 International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/issnip.2005.1595614.

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Oho, S., H. Sonobe, T. Kumagai, H. Kajioka, S. Okabayashi, and H. Nemoto. "AUTOMOTIVE NAVIGATION EXPERIMENTS WITH FIBER GYROSCOPE." In Optical Fiber Sensors. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofs.1988.pd3.

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Giachino, Joseph M., and Thomas J. Miree. "Challenge of automotive sensors." In Micromachining and Microfabrication, edited by Michael T. Postek. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.222636.

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Trierweiler, Manuel, Pedro Caldelas, Gabriel Groninger, Tobias Peterseim, and Cornelius Neumann. "Influence of sensor blockage on automotive LiDAR systems." In 2019 IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sensors43011.2019.8956792.

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Mladenovic, Dragan, Rajan Verma, and Randy Frank. "EMC Considerations for Automotive Sensors." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/970850.

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Wolber, William G., and Paul J. Ebaugh. "Automotive Engine Control Sensors’85." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/850491.

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Sheen, S. H., A. C. Raptis, and M. J. Moscynski. Automotive vehicle sensors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/149818.

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Waraniak, John. Unsettled Issues on Sensor Calibration for Automotive Aftermarket Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems. SAE International, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021008.

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Many automotive industry safety advocates have been pushing for greater market penetration for active safety and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), with the goal of ending deaths due to car crashes. However, there are far-reaching implications for the collision repair, specialty equipment, and performance aftermarket sectors—after a collision or modification, the ADAS system functionality must be preserved to maintain, driver, passenger, and road user safety. To do this, sensor recalibration and ADAS functional safety validation and documentation after repair, modification, or accessorizing are necessary. Unsettled Issues on Sensor Calibration for Automotive Aftermarket ADAS tackles the challenges of accelerating the pace of ADAS implementation; increasing industry understanding of systems, sensors, software, controllers; and minimizing the overwhelming variety of sensor calibration procedures and automaker targets. Additionally, this report addresses the liability concerns that are challenging the industry as it seeks to move forward safely.

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Taiber, Joachim. Unsettled Topics Concerning the Impact of Quantum Technologies on Automotive Cybersecurity. SAE International, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2020026.

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Quantum computing is considered the “next big thing” when it comes to solving computational problems impossible to tackle using conventional computers. However, a major concern is that quantum computers could be used to crack current cryptographic schemes designed to withstand traditional cyberattacks. This threat also impacts future automated vehicles as they become embedded in a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) ecosystem. In this scenario, encrypted data is transmitted between a complex network of cloud-based data servers, vehicle-based data servers, and vehicle sensors and controllers. While the vehicle hardware ages, the software enabling V2X interactions will be updated multiple times. It is essential to make the V2X ecosystem quantum-safe through use of “post-quantum cryptography” as well other applicable quantum technologies. This SAE EDGE™ Research Report considers the following three areas to be unsettled questions in the V2X ecosystem: How soon will quantum computing pose a threat to connected and automated vehicle technologies? What steps and measures are needed to make a V2X ecosystem “quantum-safe?” What standardization is needed to ensure that quantum technologies do not pose an unacceptable risk from an automotive cybersecurity perspective?

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Porcel Magnusson, Cristina. Unsettled Topics Concerning Coating Detection by LiDAR in Autonomous Vehicles. SAE International, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021002.

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Autonomous vehicles (AVs) utilize multiple devices, like high-resolution cameras and radar sensors, to interpret the driving environment and achieve full autonomy. One of these instruments—the light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor—utilizes pulsed infrared (IR) light, typically at wavelengths of 905 nm or 1,550 nm, to calculate object distance and position. Exterior automotive paint covers an area larger than any other exterior material. Therefore, understanding how LiDAR wavelengths interact with vehicle coatings is extremely important for the safety of future automated driving technologies. Sensing technologies and materials are two different industries that have not directly interacted in the perception and system sense. With the new applications in the AV industry, multidisciplinary approaches need to be taken to ensure reliability and safety in the future. Unsettled Topics Concerning Coating Detection by LiDAR in Autonomous Vehicles provides a transversal view of different industry segments, from pigment and coating manufacturers to LiDAR components and vehicle system development and integration. The report includes a structured decomposition of the different variables and technologies involved.

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Carta, Giovanni, Dirk Hammerschmidt, Ernst Katzmaier, Wolfgang Granig, David Tatschl, and J\axrgen Zimmer. Giant Magneto Resistors Sensor Technology and Automotive Applications. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0076.

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Lee, S. B., C. M. Yu, D. R. Ciarlo, and S. K. Sheem. Micromachined Fabry-Perot interferometric pressure sensor for automotive combustion engine. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/212541.

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Tire Experimental Characterization Using Contactless Measurement Methods. SAE International, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-1114.

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In the frame of automotive Noise Vibration and Harshness (NVH) evaluation, inner cabin noise is among the most important indicators. The main noise contributors can be identified in engine, suspensions, tires, powertrain, brake system, etc. With the advent of E-vehicles and the consequent absence of the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE), tire/road noise has gained more importance, particularly at mid-speed driving and in the spectrum up to 300 Hz. At the state of the art, the identification and characterization of Noise and Vibration sources rely on pointwise sensors (microphones, accelerometers, strain gauges). Optical methods such as Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) have recently received special attention in the NVH field because they can be used to obtain full-field measurements. Moreover, these same techniques could also allow to characterize the tire behavior in operating conditions, which would be practically impossible to derive with standard techniques. In this paper we will demonstrate how non-contact full-field measurement techniques can be used to reliably and robustly characterize the tire behavior up to 300 Hz, focusing on static conditions. Experimental modal analysis will extract the modal characteristic of the tire in both free-free and statically preloaded boundary conditions, using both DIC and LDV. The extracted natural frequencies, damping ratios and full-field mode shapes will be used on one side to improve the accuracy of tire models (either by deriving FRF based models or updating FE ones) but also as a reference for future investigation on the tire behavior characterization in rotating conditions.

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Unsettled Issues on HD Mapping Technology for Autonomous Driving and ADAS. SAE International, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021013.

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Current advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) and automated driving systems (ADS) rely on high-definition (HD) maps to enable a range of features and functions. These maps can be viewed as an additional sensor from an ADAS or ADS perspective as they impact overall system confidence, reduce system computational resource needs, help improve comfort and convenience, and ultimately contribute to system safety. However, HD mapping technology presents multiple challenges to the automotive industry. Unsettled Issues on HD Mapping Technology for Autonomous Driving and ADAS identifies the current unsettled issues that need to be addressed to reach the full potential of HD maps for ADAS and ADS technology and suggests some possible solutions for initial map creation, map change detection and updates, and map safety levels.

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