Готові списки джерел за темами / Automobile ownership Mathematical models

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Automobile ownership Mathematical models"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Automobile ownership Mathematical models"

Chu, You-Lian. "Automobile Ownership Analysis Using Ordered Probit Models." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1805, no. 1 (January 2002): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1805-08.

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Goetzke, Frank, and Rachel Weinberger. "Separating Contextual from Endogenous Effects in Automobile Ownership Models." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 44, no. 5 (May 2012): 1032–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a4490.

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Kumar, Naresh, and Balraj Singh. "Forecast of Indian Automobile Industry Using Mathematical Models." Paradigm 7, no. 2 (July 2003): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971890720030207.

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Lee, Seunghoon, Young Hoon Lee, and Yongho Choi. "Project Portfolio Selection Considering Total Cost of Ownership in the Automobile Industry." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 23, 2019): 4586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174586.

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Project portfolio selection for developing a new product is critical to a company because the attributes of the project reflect on the price, quality, and functionality of the developed product. The market evaluates the developed product and the assessment of the product value determines its sale on the market. The project portfolio selection and sales are interconnected from a corporate perspective. The automobile industry is an industry which responds to the issue of business sustainability sensitively because their business directly relates to the environment. In this study, business sustainability was approached through the perspective of total cost of ownership (TCO) embedded into the project selection model after the attributes of the project, investment and efficiency, and the TCO of the product were combined to generate a sales function. The sales and revenue models were proposed, and the validity of the models was confirmed using a case from the automobile industry. As a result of the experiments, the sales model tended to show that the market share increased by selecting the proper number of projects to maximize sales. In contrast, the revenue model showed a tendency to select projects more than the sales model in order to maximize the profits of the company. By suggesting project selection models in a new perspective different from the ones in existing studies, this study is valuable with regard to the fact that the suggested models preserve project interrelationships, TCO, and product sales in a practical manner to enhance business sustainability.

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Toney, Glenson, and Cherry Bhargava. "Adaptive Headlamps in Automobile: A Review on the Models, Detection Techniques, and Mathematical Models." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 87462–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3088036.

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Mohammadian, Abolfazl, and Eric J. Miller. "Empirical Investigation of Household Vehicle Type Choice Decisions." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1854, no. 1 (January 2003): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1854-11.

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Automobile ownership models are an integral part of comprehensive transportation modeling systems. Recent work and ongoing advances in the area of activity-based travel demand modeling have recognized the need for increased experimentation with automobile choice models. On the other hand, while automobiles are very important in people's everyday lives, they also have a serious impact on the environment. This impact occurs at the micro level (pollution) as well as the macro level (emission of greenhouse gases and global warming). Such impacts have led to increased interest in reducing motor vehicle emissions. A household automobile type choice model was developed at a disaggregate level. The model can provide a direct forecast of consumer demand for personal-use vehicles given the available choices. A well-developed form of discrete choice modeling techniques, the nested logit model, was used to investigate the process of household automobile type choice decisions given that a transaction has occurred.

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Kumbár, Vojtěch, Josef Glos, and Jiří Votava. "Monitoring of Chemical Elements During Lifetime of Engine Oil." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 62, no. 1 (2014): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201462010155.

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Awareness of engine oil condition is a valuable indicator for assessing the state of degradation of the lubricant. The article deals with monitoring of chemical elements, especially metals and additives, during lifetime of commercially distributed automobile engine oil Castrol Magnatec 10W–40. Engine oil was regarded as a Newtonian fluid. The passenger car Renault Scenic I with petrol engine (four pistons, volume 1,600 cm3) was used to the observed. Lifetime of automobile engine oil has been stated by car and lubricants producers in interval 15,000 km. The samples of automobile engine oil have been taken in suitable intervals – 1,500 km. Only first sample of used engine oil was taken with raid 20 km. The seasons of monitoring were spring and summer. The spectrometer Spectroil Q100 has been used to monitoring of chemical elements in automobile engine oil. Increase contents of metals and decrease contents of additives were observed. The results were modelled using mathematical models with given the values of coefficient correlation R. Linear function as a mathematical model with the lowest number of degrees of freedom was used. Created mathematical models can be used to predict of conditions of engine oil in the same or similar petrol engine aggregates.

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Katanaev, N. T., A. V. Lepeshkin, and A. F. Kolbasov. "Identification of the longitudinal movement of the vehicle in free-wheel mode." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 9, no. 4-1 (February 20, 2015): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-67238.

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The results of the simulation of automobile rectilinear motion are provided in the paper. An overview of some of the existing models was made. The analysis was performed in order to obtain analytical information about the balance of effective forces and resistance forces of an object in free-wheel mode. The reliable mathematical description is needed to develop models of human- machine system “automobile - environment - driver” and to study the influence of various fac- tors on the performance of control object.

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Feng, Jia, Meng Meng, Shanshan Liu, Xin Zhang, Jie Yuan, and Zengyong Zhang. "Prediction of Chinese Automobile Growing Trend Considering Vehicle Adaptability based on Cui–Lawson Model." Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences 5, no. 2 (November 16, 2020): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amns.2020.2.00054.

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AbstractThe rapid growth of fossil fuels and the aggravation of emission pollution can be improved by the green and diversified energy structure of road transport vehicles. In this article, Cui–Lawson model is first introduced to analyse the change trend of pure electric vehicle, hybrid electric vehicle, gas–fuel vehicle, fuel cell vehicle, biofuel vehicle and traditional vehicle in the next 50 years. Considering the climate, environment and economic development of each region, the future ownership of the above six models was studied by region. Moreover, the climate and topography affect the developing trend strongly. The ownership of traditional automobile is more than other kinds of vehicles until 35 and 40 years in Xibei and Dongbei regions for the cold temperature.

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Dyakov, Ivan, and Olegas Prentkovskis. "OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS IN DESIGNING AUTOMOBILES." TRANSPORT 23, no. 4 (December 31, 2008): 316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-4142.2008.23.316-322.

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A mathematical model of optimization problems in designing automobiles is suggested and requirements raised are defined taking into account the main technical and economic characteristics of the automobile. The optimality criterion of the integral parts of the automobile is presented. The system approach to the theory of parametric optimization based on generalized models is used and the algorithm for solving the considered problem is offered.

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Дисертації з теми "Automobile ownership Mathematical models"

Carter, Andrew 1977. "A geographic and statistical analysis of the relationship between neighborhood and regional urban form and household car-dependency in Montreal /." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82693.

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The negative consequences (especially urban smog and global warming) of the heavy dependence on motorized vehicles of residents in urban areas across Canada and the United States have rightly motivated a great deal of research into potential policies aimed at reducing car ownership and use. This research focuses on the potential role of neighborhood and regional urban form and land use pattern in reducing car-dependency in cities. The study relies primarily on an origin-destination travel survey collected by the Agence Metropolitaine de Transport (AMT) in 1998, consisting of a 5% representative sample of residents living in the Montreal CMA. The first statistical model of household car-dependency is a multinomial logit model (MNL) of household automobile ownership levels on the Island of Montreal. The results suggest that neighborhood form has only a modest relationship automobile ownership levels. However, the location of a household's neighborhood relative to Montreal's CBD and whether an adult in it is employed there are both strongly associated with the number of vehicles a household owns, especially of multiple vehicles. The results indicate the importance of the spatial distribution and density of employment opportunities to vehicle ownership The second statistical model, an OLS regression of vehicle kilometers driven (VKD) by households for shopping purposes, found that neighborhood population density and proximity to a large retail cluster are both associated with meaningful reductions in motorized travel. Having said that, the results from both models suggest the most important determinants of household car-dependency are its socioeconomic and demographic composition. These findings suggest new suburban developments based on the principles of New Urbanism are unlikely to have any meaningful effect on car-dependency in urban areas.

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Vekstein, Daniel. "Dynamics of organizational growth in the international automobile industry." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186248.

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The phenomenon of organizational growth has traditionally been assumed to be indeterminate largely due to chance or accidents found in organizational worlds. This research takes up the causal processes underlying the growth (and decline) of virtually all world-class manufacturers in the international automobile industry from 1946 to 1989. Two models are developed as alternative explanations for the long-term trends observed in growth rates and their differences across firms. The models are estimated with a nonlinear method and tested through various empirical implications. The model that seems most consistent with the data shows unambiguously that they were not generated by a random or chance process but by underlying processes of collective learning, innovation, and outnovation in technologies and organizational routines. Firms that had generated different rates in these processes differed as hypothesized in their long-term growth performance. The dynamics of collective learning processes, as measured by the parameters of the model, largely explain the dynamics of organizational growth in the world automobile industry, hence, the dynamics of interorganizational competition. The results from tests of ecological hypotheses suggest that organizational ecology might benefit from the application of matrices of collective learning rates generated from interorganizational learning curves, particularly where ecology seeks to explain patterns of competition by organizational size. As shown, this research strategy is general and gauges directly interactions among organizations over long periods. It is also flexible in dealing with various levels of analysis in longitudinal and cross-sectional dimensions. As also shown, the collective learning theory, its model, and the ecology of interorganizational learning curves derived from them can help in evaluating empirically the competitive potential of firms by indicators of innovation and outnovation relative to other firms, patterns of competition (gauged by relative learning rates) among firms, and any changes of those patterns over time. Thus, the research strategy used here provides potentially useful causal analyses as well as meaningful measures on which different organizations can be compared, with each other and with themselves. These measures may also provide important benchmarks and diagnostics for strategic management.

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謝建煌 and Kin-wong Che. "On the formation of property rights." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31976487.

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Ho, Kwan-hang, and 何均衡. "A review of the parking demand policy and planning in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29958180.

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Wong, Shing-tat, and 黃承達. "Disaggregate analyses of stated preference data for capturing parking choice behavior." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36393678.

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Levy, Marc. "Shareholders' control in complex corporate structures." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209768.

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In this global world, many firms present a complex shareholding structure with

indirect participation, such that it may become difficult to assess a firm’s controllers.

Furthermore, if there are numerous dominant shareholders, the control can be shared between

them. Determining who has the most influence is often a difficult task. To measure this

influence, game theory allows the modeling of voting games and the computing of the

Banzhaf index. This thesis develops models to measure the Banzhaf indices in any ownership structure (pyramidal ownership structures and cross-ownership structures). The models are then applied to real cases studies such Colruyt, Elia, Lafarge and Allianz.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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MacFarlane, Gregory Stuart. "Using big data to model travel behavior: applications to vehicle ownership and willingness-to-pay for transit accessibility." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51804.

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The transportation community is exploring how new "big'' databases constructed by companies or public administrative agencies can be used to better understand travelers' behaviors and better predict travelers' responses to various transportation policies. This thesis explores how a large targeted marketing database containing information about individuals’ socio-demographic characteristics, current residence attributes, and previous residential locations can be used to investigate research questions related to individuals' transportation preferences and the built environment. The first study examines how household vehicle ownership may be shaped by, or inferred from, previous behavior. Results show that individuals who have previously lived in dense ZIP codes or ZIP codes with more non-automobile commuting options are more likely to own fewer vehicles, all else equal. The second study uses autoregressive models that control for spatial dependence, correlation, and endogeneity to investigate whether investments in public transit infrastructure are associated with higher home values. Results show that willingness-to-pay estimates obtained from the general spatial Durbin model are less certain than comparable estimates obtained through ordinary least squares. The final study develops an empirical framework to examine a housing market's resilience to price volatility as a function of transportation accessibility. Two key modeling frameworks are considered. The first uses a spatial autoregressive model to investigate the relationship between a home's value, appreciation, and price stability while controlling for endogenous missing regressors. The second uses a latent class model that considers all these attributes simultaneously, but cannot control for endogeneity.

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Wilkes, Henrike-Raija. "Marketing metrics as measurements of marketing efficiency : a case study of the car dealer group Tepass + Seiz KG." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/968.

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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Marketing has long been seen as a qualitative discipline following a rather soft approach. This, in many circumstances, resulted in a loss of marketing's credibility against other more quantitative managerial disciplines. Out of this plight, numerous marketing practitioners and experts during the past two decades have developed ways to prove that marketing can indeed be quantifiable. Born were the theories of marketing metrics as tools to make marketing measurable and, thus, to justify its existence. As can be assumed, in most organisations, the existence of the marketing discipline is not threatened; yet, an increased importance is placed on the fact that marketing expenditure is located wisely and efficiently in order to make a contribution to bottom line. This is particularly significant for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) which typically have only small marketing budgets and dispose of limited marketing expertise. The purpose of this study is to examine whether such a medium sized enterprise, the Tepass + Seiz KG, a German group of car dealerships, shows a marketing behaviour typical for that of an SME and does not use a sophisticated system of marketing metrics to measure the efficiency of its marketing activities. Primarily, a literature review was performed to illustrate the role of marketing metrics within large corporations and smaller enterprises and to shed light to the typical marketing behaviour of SMEs. The subsequent examination of the Tepass + Seiz KG and its marketing performance measurement system was built onto the findings of that review. The study was conducted, following a single case study strategy with the use of in-depth interviews to collect the data. The analysis illustrated that the Tepass + Seiz KG, even though conducting numerous different marketing activities, shows a marketing behaviour typical for a medium sized enterprise and that it does not measure its marketing activities efficiently. Consequently, recommendations on how to improve its measurement systems were made and various marketing metrics were introduced and suggested for implementation. The development of a stringent marketing strategy in addition to the metrics recommended was found to be a necessary further step towards a sophisticated marketing management within this enterprise.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Bemarking word lank reeds beskou as 'n kwalitatiewe dissipline met 'n taamlike sagte aanslag. Dit het onder vele omstandighede gelei tot 'n verlies aan geloofwaardigheid vir bemarking vergeleke met ander meer kwantitatiewe bestuursdissiplines. As gevolg hiervan het baie bemarkingspraktisyns en bemarkingskundiges oor die afgelope twee dekades maniere ontwikkel om te bewys dat bemarking inderdaad kwantifiseerbaar kan wees. Daaruit is die teorieë van bemarkingsmaatstawwe gebore as 'n instrument om bemarking meetbaar te maak en om sodoende die bestaan daarvan te regverdig. Daar kan aanvaar word dat die bestaan van die bemarkingsdissipline in die meeste organisasies nie bedreig word nie; nogtans word al meer klem gelê op die feit dat bemarkingsuitgawes slim en doeltreffend aangewend moet word om 'n bydrae tot winsgewendheid te lewer. Dit is veral belangrik vir klein en mediumgrootte ondernemings (KMO's), wat gewoonlik oor slegs klein bemarkingsbegrotings en beperkte bemarkingskundigheid beskik. Die doel van hierdie navorsingstudie was om te ondersoek of so 'n mediumgrootte onderneming, die Tepass + Seiz KG, 'n Duitse groep van motorhandelaars, bemarkingsgedrag tipies van 'n KMO toon en nie gebruik maak van 'n gesofistikeerde stelsel van bemarkingsmaatstawwe om die doeltreffendheid van sy bemarkingsaktiwiteite te meet nie. Daar is primêr 'n literatuuroorsig uitgevoer om die rol van bemarkingsmaatstawwe binne groot korporasies en kleiner ondernemings te illustreer en om lig te werp op die tipiese bemarkingsgedrag van KMO's. Die daaropvolgende ondersoek van die Tepass + Seiz KG en die metingstelsel vir sy bemarkingsprestasie is gebou op die bevindings van die literatuuroorsig. Die studie is uitgevoer volgens die strategie van 'n enkele gevallestudie met die gebruik van in-diepte onderhoude om die data in te samel. Die ontleding het aangetoon dat die Tepass + Seiz KG, hoewel daar baie verskillende bemarkingsaktiwiteite uitgevoer word, die tipiese bemarkingsgedrag van 'n mediumgrootte onderneming uitvoer en nie sy bemarkingsaktiwiteite doeltreffend meet nie. Gevolglik is aanbevelings gedoen oor hoe metingstelsels verbeter kan word en verskeie tipes bemarkingsmaatstawwe is voorgestel vir implementering. Daar is bevind dat die ontwikkeling van 'n streng bemarkingstrategie bykomend tot die aanbevole maatstaf 'n noodsaaklike verdere stap is vir gesofistikeerde bemarkingsbestuur binne hierdie onderneming.

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Xu, Lu. "The Importance of Construct Definition and Specification in Operations Management Structured Model Research: The Case for Quality and Sustainability Constructs in a Decision-Making Model." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248479/.

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In the operations management research, the inconsistent use of the same term for different concepts and the use of the similar concepts for different constructs potentially causes theoretical and statistical problems. This research addresses the importance of construct definitions and specification methodologically within the context of quality and sustainability management. It involves three essays using multiple quantitative methods such as partial least squares structural equation modeling and multiple regression in different consumer decision-making models in the automobile industry. In the first two essays, a comprehensive literature review results in definition and contextualization of the quality and sustainability constructs as applied to operations management and marketing research. The relationships of these constructs with consumer behavior are empirically tested. Building upon the first two essays, the third essay addresses the methodological issues on formative and reflective measurements by summarizing a procedure of validating formative measurements. The quality construct was used to illustrate the methodology. This research contributes to the literature, theory, and practices in the area of quality and sustainability management.

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Michaud, Darryl Joseph. "Driver Distraction in Microsimulation of a Mid-Block Pedestrian Crossing." Thesis, Portland State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10830985.

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Traffic simulation has become an invaluable part of the traffic engineering toolbox. However, the majority of driver models are designed to recreate traffic performance based on interactions among vehicles. In keeping with this pursuit, most are fundamentally built to avoid collisions. This limits the applicability of using these models for addressing safety concerns, especially those regarding pedestrian safety performance. However, by explicitly including some of the sources of human error, these limitations can, in theory, be overcome. While much work has been done toward including these human factors in simulation platforms, one key aspect of human behavior has been largely ignored: driver distraction.

This work presents a novel approach to inclusion of driver distraction in a microsimulation or agent-based model. Distributions of distraction events and inter-distraction periods are derived from eye-glance data collected during naturalistic driving studies. The developed model of distraction is implemented – along with perception errors, visual obstructions, and driver reaction times – in a simulated mid-block pedestrian crossing.

The results of this simulation demonstrate that excluding any of these human factors from the implemented driver model significantly alters conflict rates observed in the simulation. This finding suggests that inclusion of human factors is important in any microsimulation platforms used to analyze pedestrian safety performance.

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Книги з теми "Automobile ownership Mathematical models"

Hackworth, John. How many cars in the twenty-first century? (Bedford): Cranfield, 1988.

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Hart, Oliver D. Cooperatives vs. outside ownership. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998.

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Laeven, Luc. Complex ownership structures and corporate valuations. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, Research Dept., 2007.

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Laeven, Luc. Complex ownership structures and corporate valuations. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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Farhi, Emmanuel. Capital taxation and ownership when markets are incomplete. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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Farhi, Emmanuel. Capital taxation and ownership when markets are incomplete. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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Die Realisierbarkeit von Wohneigentum bei alternativen wirtschaftlichen Entwicklungen: Ein Modellansatz. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1992.

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Tan, Ling Hui. Rationing rules and outcomes: The experience of Singapore's vehicle quota system. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, IMF Institute, 2001.

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Labiod, Houda, and Andre-Luc Beylot. Vehicular networks: Models and algorithms. London: ISTE, 2013.

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Dollar, David. Das (wasted) kapital: Firm ownership and investment efficiency in China. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, Research Dept., 2007.

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Частини книг з теми "Automobile ownership Mathematical models"

Giannattasio, Orlando, and Giulio E. Cantarella. "Advanced Vehicles: Challenges for Transportation Systems Engineering." In Models and Technologies for Smart, Sustainable and Safe Transportation Systems. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94105.

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Automatic vehicles represent one of the most active research fields within engineering. Among transportation systems engineering research topics, we highlight the need to update and/or develop new mathematical models, computer science methods and electronic technologies that contribute to the development of more effective, accurate and robust tools. In order to develop more effective models, it is advisable to consider the opportunity to interact with other specialists from sectors different of the transportation systems engineering to provide solutions to problems that may arise during the modeling and further new points of view. The main goal of this paper is discussing the most likely positive and negative effects of mixed flow expected in the near future, analyzing the main classifying criteria such as ownership, on-board technologies (sensor), and reviewing the most effective tools already available for macroscopic analysis of multi vehicle type transportation systems.

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Galluzzo, Ben, Katie Kavanagh, Karen Bliss, Michelle Montgomery, and Christopher Musco. "Math Modelling: Common Pitfalls and Paths for Student Success." In Building on the Past to Prepare for the Future, Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of The Mathematics Education for the Future Project, King's College,Cambridge, Aug 8-13, 2022, 202–7. WTM-Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37626/ga9783959872188.0.037.

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Mathematical modelling refers to the process of creating a mathematical representation of a real-world scenario to make a prediction or provide insight. There is a distinction between applying a formula and the actual creation of a mathematical relationship. Approaching open-ended problems can be challenging for students. In this two part workshop, we first share examples of how students can get off-track while creating models, in particular making choices or assumptions that undermine the solution quality. In the second part, we demonstrate how to facilitate authentic math modelling so that students can be creative and innovative in the modelling process while having ownership over their solution. Participants will assess real student modelling solutions from Mathworks Math Modeling Challenge (M3 Challenge), a program of Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), and discuss ways that they would advise teams towards improvement.

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Sadrnia, Abdolhossein, Hossein Nezamabadi-Pour, Mehrdad Nikbakht, and Napsiah Ismail. "A Gravitational Search Algorithm Approach for Optimizing Closed-Loop Logistics Network." In Meta-Heuristics Optimization Algorithms in Engineering, Business, Economics, and Finance, 616–38. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2086-5.ch020.

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Since late in the 20th century, various heuristic and metaheuristic optimization methods have been developed to obtain superior results and optimize models more efficiently. Some have been inspired by natural events and swarm behaviors. In this chapter, the authors illustrate empirical applications of the gravitational search algorithm (GSA) as a new optimization algorithm based on the law of gravity and mass interactions to optimize closed-loop logistics network. To achieve these aims, the need for a green supply chain will be discussed, and the related drivers and pressures motivate us to develop a mathematical model to optimize total cost in a closed-loop logistic for gathering automobile alternators at the end of their life cycle. Finally, optimizing total costs in a logistic network is solved using GSA in MATLAB software. To express GSA capabilities, a genetic algorithm (GA), as a common and standard metaheuristic algorithm, is compared. The obtained results confirm GSA’s performance and its ability to solve complicated network problems in closed-loop supply chain and logistics.

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Karakaş, M. Gürcan. "Rules of the Game are Changing: Automotive Turns Into Mobility Ecosystem." In National Technology Initiative: Social Reflections and Türkiye's Future, 287–302. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Yayınları, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-17-7.ch16.

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Türkiye’s Automobile Initiative Group was launched by bringing together the country’s leading or prominent groups in their fields under the leadership of the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Türkiye (TOBB), Türkiye’s largest non-governmental organization. With the aim of creating a globally competitive mobility brand, of which the intellectual and industrial property rights would be owned by Türkiye, Togg was officially established on June 25, 2018, with Anadolu Group, BMC, Kök Group, Turkcell, Zorlu, and the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Türkiye joining forces. The current share distribution of the company, which has a capital of TL 2 billion 643 million 774 thousand, is 23 percent for Anadolu Group, BMC, Turkcell and Zorlu Group, and 8 percent for the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Türkiye. Togg describes itself as a user-centric and global mobility technology and services company. As of October 29, 2022, the brand has started serial production of the C-segment SUV, its first born electric, connected smart device, at the Gemlik Togg Technology Campus. Togg develops new services, new user experiences, and new business models in the field of mobility within the ecosystem to be created around the smart and connected device. Togg’s brand DNA can be summarized as “a character that is interested in what is going on in the world, constantly learning, forward-thinking, proactive and transforming its environment into a better place; passionate about its work, entrepreneurial, prioritizing competence, true to its word, caring about its own prestige and the prestige of those around it, striving to add value to every life it touches, stylish, and full of life”. Founded with the aim of creating its own automobile brand, which has been Türkiye’s dream for 60 years, and becoming the first global mobility brand of our country by pioneering the transformation of the Turkish automotive industry, Togg will break new ground with the technical and hardware features of the smart devices it will offer to the market, as well as the mobility ecosystem vision it has developed. The C-SUV model, which will be produced as Türkiye’s first born electric, zero-emission, and smart car, will be ahead of its competitors with features such as the longest wheelbase, the largest interior volume, the best acceleration performance, and the lowest total cost of ownership in its class. The first smart device of Togg, which set out to provide “outside-the-box mobility solutions” that can already respond to future smart transportation needs, will hit the road first in Türkiye in the first quarter of 2023 and then in Europe approximately 18 months after the completion of homologation tests. Togg has established the company Siro with Farasis, the world’s leading lithium ion battery manufacturer, to develop and manufacture its own battery technology and will offer energy storage solutions for mobility and stationary storage applications. Siro, which will develop and manufacture battery cells, modules, and packs, will provide services in 120 countries alongside Togg. In 2021, Togg established a company called Trugo to provide smart energy solutions and strengthen Türkiye’s charging infrastructure from end to end. Accordingly, Trugo has initiated its efforts to establish a total of 1000 fast charging stations in more than 600 locations in 81 provinces.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Automobile ownership Mathematical models"

Marshall, Rob, Paul Altamore, Wei-Pin Wu, and Jan A. Griffioen. "A Comparison of Mathematical Neck Models for Rear Impact Occupant Simulation." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0957.

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Abstract Occupant injury in automobile rear-end collisions is becoming one of the most costly and aggravating traffic safety problems. Designing seat and head restraints to help limit injury associated with rear-end impact can become more efficient by using new mathematical modeling techniques. Using the facet surface modeling technique in MADYMO a model is developed that captures the interaction between occupants and seat/head restraints with a high degree of geometric accuracy while maintaining efficient computer run times. One such model is validated using a prototype seat/head restraint and the TRID (TNO Rear Impact Dummy), both using facet surface techniques. From this model a study is done to compare the results of the TRID model and the results from a Hybrid III model with the results from a Human neck model. This study is performed in several different head restraint positions.

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Shin, Kwangjin, Hyunjae Park, Jongsoo Kim, and Kyuil Kim. "Mathematical and Experimental Investigation of Thermal Response of an Automobile Passenger With a Ventilated Seat." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14770.

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This paper presents mathematical and experimental models developed for the prediction of thermal interactions of an automobile passenger with the cabin environment and a ventilated seat. The mathematical model developed in this work employs existing and modified human-body heat balance equations along with variable thermo-physical environmental conditions. The model predicts steady-state and transient variations of passenger skin and seat-surface temperatures with time before and after activating the seat ventilation system for the given and selected cabin air conditions and heated seat temperature. In calculating the temperature changes with time after activating the ventilated-seat system, the modified heat balance equation along with the numerical analysis using the CFD package (Fluent, v.6) has been iteratively used, in which appropriate air-side average heat transfer coefficients were determined by using the Reynolds and Nusselt analogies for various system operating conditions. An experimental chamber was built to simulate the vehicle air and seat conditions attainable during a hot summer day. A selected number of individuals have participated in the experiments. Passengers' skin and seat-surface temperatures were measured with time after activating the ventilated-seat system for various chamber conditions. Investigation of the results obtained from the mathematical model and the experimental work showed that the seat ventilation system proposed in this work is able to provide the passenger thermal comfort initiation within about 2-3 minutes after activating the seat ventilation system. It was also found that the mathematical model developed in this work needs to be improved in order to include the non-uniform chamber air and seat conditions. The additional detailed experimental works are also required to quantify the passengers' thermal responses along with various chamber conditions.

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Burnap, Alexander, Ye Liu, Yanxin Pan, Honglak Lee, Richard Gonzalez, and Panos Y. Papalambros. "Estimating and Exploring the Product Form Design Space Using Deep Generative Models." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60091.

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Product forms in quantitative design methods are typically expressed with a mathematical representation such as vectors, trees, graphs, and grammars. Such formal representations are restrictive in terms of realism or flexibility, and this limits their utility for human designers who typically create product forms in a design space that is restricted by the medium (e.g., free-hand sketching) and by their cognitive skills (e.g., creativity and experience). To increase the value of formal representations to human designers, this paper proposes to represent the design space as designs sampled from a statistical distribution of form and estimate a generative model of this distribution using a large set of images and design attributes of previous designs. This statistical representation approach is both flexible and realistic, and is estimated using a deep (multi-layer) generative model. The value of the representation is demonstrated in a study of two-dimensional automobile body forms. Using 180,000 form data of automobile designs over the past decade, we can morph a vehicle form into different body types and brands, thus offering human designers potential insights on realistic new design possibilities.

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Roberts, H. Alex, Mark R. Martin, and Troy J. Canalichio. "An Experimental Examination of Seatbelt Webbing Loading Marks on Automobile Plastic D-Rings." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60797.

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This paper documents experimental research determining the belt forces required to create visible and distinct markings on plastic automobile D-rings. The “D-Ring” is the loop through which the shoulder belt feeds before reaching the retractor. In the experimental configuration, ballast is attached to the belt webbing and dropped from a predetermined elevation. By varying the drop height the belt loading characteristics were also changed. Photographs document the resulting loading marks. A Mathematical Dynamic Modeler was used to calculate the Rigid Body Dynamic models to determine occupant belt loads from 5th and 50th percentile Hybrid III anthropomorphic test devices under various crash pulse conditions. These values were correlated to the experimental research. Conclusions are made relating D-ring markings to the delta-V of an automotive accident.

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Michalek, Jeremy J., Panos Y. Papalambros, and Steven J. Skerlos. "A Study of Emission Policy Effects on Optimal Vehicle Design Decisions." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/dac-48767.

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A methodology is presented for studying the effects of automobile emission policies on the design decisions of profit-seeking automobile producers in a free-entry oligopoly market. The study does not attempt to model short-term decisions of specific producers. Instead, mathematical models of engineering performance, consumer demand, cost, and competition are integrated to predict the effects of design decisions on manufacturing cost, demand, and producer profit. Game theory is then used to predict vehicle designs that producers would have economic incentive to produce at market equilibrium under several policy scenarios. The methodology is illustrated with three policy alternatives for the small car market: corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) regulations, carbon dioxide emissions taxes, and diesel fuel vehicle quotas. Interesting results are derived, for example, it is predicted that in some cases a stiffer regulatory penalty can result in lower producer costs because of competition. This mathematical formulation establishes a link between engineering design, business, and marketing through an integrated optimization model that is used to provide insight necessary to make informed environmental policy.

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Zeng, Y., A. Pardasani, H. Antunes, Z. Li, J. Dickinson, V. Gupta, and D. Baulier. "Representation and Interpretation of Sketches in Mechanical Design: Experimental and Theoretical Approaches." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/dtm-48657.

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This paper aims to establish a theoretical foundation for representing and interpreting free-hand design sketches throughout the conceptual design process. Both experimental and theoretical approaches are used. In using the experimental approach, one case study from a book and one case study from an automobile assembly system manufacturer are used to illustrate the characteristics of design sketches. These characteristics provide the requirements for models of sketch representation and interpretation. In using the theoretical approach, a mathematical structure of design sketches is established. This mathematical structure can naturally and logically model the evolving sketches generated in the design process, through integrating the strengths of set theory and mereology. Based on the results of these two approaches, a design sketch language is developed to be a formal foundation of sketch representation and interpretation.

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Li, Longjian, Wenzhi Cui, Tien-Chien Jen, and Qinghua Chen. "Numerical Modeling of the Coupled Convective Heat Transfer in the Cylinder Block and the Water Jacket of Engine." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82466.

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In this paper the physical and corresponding mathematical models of the 3D coupled heat conduction-convective heat transfer in a cylinder and its water jacket of the automobile engine were proposed. The standard k-ε turbulence model was employed to simulate the turbulent flow in the water jacket. The empirical correlations on the in-cylinder heat transfer in conjunction with the tested combustion data were used to calculate the thermal boundary conditions of the inner wall of the cylinder. The control-volume based finite element method was used to solve the 3D coupled heat conduction-convective heat transfer problem mentioned above. The computations were carried out under different engine speed from 1500rpm to 6000rpm, and the temperature distributions in the cylinder and its water jacket were revealed in detail. The relative errors between the tested temperatures at the fixed points and the corresponding ones were within the range form −12% to 4%.

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Niederer, Peter F., Kai-Uwe Schmitt, Markus H. Muser, and Felix H. Walz. "The Possible Role of Fluid/Solid Interactions in Minor Cervical Spine Injuries." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/amd-25450.

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Abstract Minor soft tissue injuries of the cervical spine pose increasing problems in public health. Such injuries are conveyed particularly often in rear-end automobile collisions at low impact speeds and it has been established that they may be associated with long-term impairment Among the hypotheses put forward in order to explain the occurrence of potentially harmful neck injuries at loading levels whose severity is generally considered well below tolerance limits which hitherto have assumed to be valid, interactions between fluid and solid structures have been postulated as injury mechanism. As the solid structures of the human body, i.e., skeleton, muscles, etc., are being accelerated and deformed through the action of impact forces, the fluids contained therein (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, interstitial fluids) are gradually dragged along or displaced because of viscosity or pressure gradients which are built up in the deforming solids. Ensuing relative motions and changes of fluid volumes cause viscous shear stresses and pressure peaks which may have an adverse influence, e.g., on cellular membranes. This hypothesis is supported by a number of experimental findings. In this communication, mathematical modeling approaches are presented which are aimed at a quantification of fluid/solid interactions under loading conditions which approximate the impact situations of interest here. For this purpose, idealized fluid and solid systems are first considered which are exposed to a constant acceleration. The geometries are chosen such that analytic solutions can be obtained. Second, a detailed neck model is presented which includes vertebrae, discs, muscles, tendons as well as a representative fluid space (plexus venosus). The models are subjected to boundary conditions which correspond to typical low-speed rear-end impacts. It is found, that the level of shear stresses caused by fluids and acting on surfaces in fluid-filled bodies depends essentially on the size of the fluid spaces under consideration. Accelerations thereby exhibit a stronger influence than the duration during which they act. It cannot be excluded that critical levels are reached even in a low speed impact scenario. Calculated pressure peaks, in turn, remain within physiological limits.

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