Готові списки джерел за темами / Australian atmosphere

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Australian atmosphere"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Australian atmosphere"

1

Taschetto, Andréa S., Alex Sen Gupta, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, and Matthew H. England. "Can Australian Multiyear Droughts and Wet Spells Be Generated in the Absence of Oceanic Variability?" Journal of Climate 29, no. 17 (August 19, 2016): 6201–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0694.1.

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Анотація:
Abstract Anomalous conditions in the tropical oceans, such as those related to El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Indian Ocean dipole, have been previously blamed for extended droughts and wet periods in Australia. Yet the extent to which Australian wet and dry spells can be driven by internal atmospheric variability remains unclear. Natural variability experiments are examined to determine whether prolonged extreme wet and dry periods can arise from internal atmospheric and land variability alone. Results reveal that this is indeed the case; however, these dry and wet events are found to be less severe than in simulations incorporating coupled oceanic variability. Overall, ocean feedback processes increase the magnitude of Australian rainfall variability by about 30% and give rise to more spatially coherent rainfall impacts. Over mainland Australia, ocean interactions lead to more frequent extreme events, particularly during the rainy season. Over Tasmania, in contrast, ocean–atmosphere coupling increases mean rainfall throughout the year. While ocean variability makes Australian rainfall anomalies more severe, droughts and wet spells of duration longer than three years are equally likely to occur in both atmospheric- and ocean-driven simulations. Moreover, they are essentially indistinguishable from what one expects from a Gaussian white noise distribution. Internal atmosphere–land-driven megadroughts and megapluvials that last as long as ocean-driven events are also identified in the simulations. This suggests that oceanic variability may be less important than previously assumed for the long-term persistence of Australian rainfall anomalies. This poses a challenge to accurate prediction of long-term dry and wet spells for Australia.
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2

Whiley, Shannon. "The Experiences of Nikkei-Australian Soldiers During World War II." New Voices in Japanese Studies 10 (July 3, 2018): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21159/nvjs.10.01.

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Анотація:
This paper is a biographical case study that explores the distinct experiences of three Australian-born Japanese (hereafter, Nikkei-Australians) who volunteered for Australian military service during World War II: Mario Takasuka, Joseph Suzuki and Winston Ide. It examines the social and political context in which these soldiers lived, concluding that they faced a disconnect between the way they were viewed by the government, their local communities and themselves. Notions of identity and nationalism are also explored in the context of World War II and the White Australia Policy, and are compared with the experiences of non-European soldiers in Australia and Nikkei soldiers abroad. The paper also highlights the ambiguous position of Nikkei-Australian soldiers with respect to military enlistment. At the time, legislation allowed for Nikkei-Australians to be variously classified as loyal citizens capable of enlistment, as not sufficiently ‘Australian’ for duty, or as enemy aliens, depending upon how it was applied in each case. Because there was no uniform approach within the government for applying these laws, the experiences of Nikkei-Australians vastly differed, as illustrated by the stories of the individuals profiled in this study. These stories are important as they add to the growing body of knowledge around non-white Australians who served in World War II, and remind us of how the pro-white, anti-Japanese atmosphere within Australia at the time affected those within the community who did not fit the mould of the White Australian ideal.
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3

Lim, Eun-Pa, and Harry H. Hendon. "Understanding the Contrast of Australian Springtime Rainfall of 1997 and 2002 in the Frame of Two Flavors of El Niño." Journal of Climate 28, no. 7 (March 27, 2015): 2804–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00582.1.

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Abstract This study investigates the causes and predictability of the different springtime rainfall responses over Australia for El Niño in 1997 and 2002. The rainfall deficit over Australia is generally assumed to be linearly related to the strength of El Niño. However, Australia received near-normal springtime rainfall during the record strong El Niño in 1997, whereas it suffered from severe drought, especially in the east, during the weak El Niño of 2002. Statistical reconstruction of the rainfall anomalies and forecasts produced from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology’s dynamical seasonal forecast system [Predictive Ocean and Atmosphere Model for Australia (POAMA)] demonstrated that the eastward and westward shifts of the maximum SST warming of El Niño contributed to the near-normal and dry responses of Australian spring rainfall in 1997 and 2002, respectively. Hence, the contrasting rainfall responses were largely predictable. However, the dry conditions in 2002 were significantly amplified by the occurrence of the record strength negative phase of the southern annular mode (SAM), which could only be predicted with the use of realistic atmospheric initial conditions in the atmosphere–ocean coupled configuration of POAMA. Therefore, predictability of the severity of the 2002 drought over Australia was strongly constrained by the predictability of the SAM, despite the high predictability of the drier than normal condition of 2002 spring that stems from the anomalous central Pacific warming of 2002 El Niño.
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4

Holgate, C. M., J. P. Evans, A. I. J. M. van Dijk, A. J. Pitman, and G. Di Virgilio. "Australian Precipitation Recycling and Evaporative Source Regions." Journal of Climate 33, no. 20 (October 15, 2020): 8721–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0926.1.

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AbstractThe relative importance of atmospheric advection and local land–atmosphere coupling to Australian precipitation is uncertain. Identifying the evaporative source regions and level of precipitation recycling can help quantify the importance of local and remote marine and terrestrial moisture to precipitation within the different hydroclimates across Australia. Using a three-dimensional Lagrangian back-trajectory approach, moisture from precipitation events across Australia during 1979–2013 was tracked to determine the source of moisture (the evaporative origin) and level of precipitation recycling. We show that source regions vary markedly for precipitation falling in different regions. Advected marine moisture was relatively more important than terrestrial contributions for precipitation in all regions and seasons. For Australia as a whole, contributions from precipitation recycling varied from ~11% in winter up to ~21% in summer. The strongest land–atmosphere coupling was in the northwest and southeast where recycled local land evapotranspiration accounted for an average of 9% of warm-season precipitation. Marine contributions to precipitation in the northwest of Australia increased in spring and, coupled with positive evaporation trends in the key source regions, suggest that the observed precipitation increase is the result of intensified evaporation in the Maritime Continent and Indian and Pacific Oceans. Less clear were the processes behind an observed shift in moisture contribution from winter to summer in southeastern Australia. Establishing the climatological source regions and the magnitude of moisture recycling enables future investigation of anomalous precipitation during extreme periods and provides further insight into the processes driving Australia’s variable precipitation.
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5

Rotstayn, L. D., M. A. Collier, R. M. Mitchell, Y. Qin, and S. K. Campbell. "Simulated enhancement of ENSO-related rainfall variability due to Australian dust." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 1 (January 19, 2011): 1595–639. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-1595-2011.

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Abstract. Average dust emissions from Australia are small compared to those from the major sources in the Northern Hemisphere. However, they are highly episodic, and this may increase the importance of Australian dust as a climate feedback agent. We compare two 160-year coupled atmosphere-ocean simulations of modern-day climate using the CSIRO Mark 3.6 global climate model (GCM). The first run (DUST) includes an interactive treatment of mineral dust and its direct radiative effects. The second run (NODUST) is otherwise identical, but has the Australian dust source set to zero. We focus on the austral spring season, when the correlation between rainfall and the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is strongest over Australia. We find that the ENSO-rainfall relationship over eastern Australia is stronger in the DUST run: dry (El Niño) years tend to be drier, and wet (La Niña) years wetter. The ENSO-rainfall relationship is also weaker over north-western Australia in the DUST run. The amplification of ENSO-related rainfall variability over eastern Australia and the weaker ENSO-rainfall relationship over the north-west both represent an improvement relative to observations. The suggested mechanism over eastern Australia involves stabilisation of the surface layer due to enhanced atmospheric heating and surface cooling in El Niño years, and enhanced ascent and moisture convergence driven by atmospheric heating in La Niña years. The results suggest that (1) a realistic treatment of Australian dust may be necessary for accurate simulation of the ENSO-rainfall relationship over Australia, and (2) radiative feedbacks involving dust may be important for understanding natural rainfall variability over Australia.
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6

Mallet, Marc D., Maximilien J. Desservettaz, Branka Miljevic, Andelija Milic, Zoran D. Ristovski, Joel Alroe, Luke T. Cravigan, et al. "Biomass burning emissions in north Australia during the early dry season: an overview of the 2014 SAFIRED campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 22 (November 17, 2017): 13681–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13681-2017.

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Abstract. The SAFIRED (Savannah Fires in the Early Dry Season) campaign took place from 29 May until 30 June 2014 at the Australian Tropical Atmospheric Research Station (ATARS) in the Northern Territory, Australia. The purpose of this campaign was to investigate emissions from fires in the early dry season in northern Australia. Measurements were made of biomass burning aerosols, volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic carbons, greenhouse gases, radon, speciated atmospheric mercury and trace metals. Aspects of the biomass burning aerosol emissions investigated included; emission factors of various species, physical and chemical aerosol properties, aerosol aging, micronutrient supply to the ocean, nucleation, and aerosol water uptake. Over the course of the month-long campaign, biomass burning signals were prevalent and emissions from several large single burning events were observed at ATARS.Biomass burning emissions dominated the gas and aerosol concentrations in this region. Dry season fires are extremely frequent and widespread across the northern region of Australia, which suggests that the measured aerosol and gaseous emissions at ATARS are likely representative of signals across the entire region of north Australia. Air mass forward trajectories show that these biomass burning emissions are carried north-west over the Timor Sea and could influence the atmosphere over Indonesia and the tropical atmosphere over the Indian Ocean. Here we present characteristics of the biomass burning observed at the sampling site and provide an overview of the more specific outcomes of the SAFIRED campaign.
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7

Howard, Dean, Peter F. Nelson, Grant C. Edwards, Anthony L. Morrison, Jenny A. Fisher, Jason Ward, James Harnwell, et al. "Atmospheric mercury in the Southern Hemisphere tropics: seasonal and diurnal variations and influence of inter-hemispheric transport." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 18 (September 28, 2017): 11623–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11623-2017.

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Abstract. Mercury is a toxic element of serious concern for human and environmental health. Understanding its natural cycling in the environment is an important goal towards assessing its impacts and the effectiveness of mitigation strategies. Due to the unique chemical and physical properties of mercury, the atmosphere is the dominant transport pathway for this heavy metal, with the consequence that regions far removed from sources can be impacted. However, there exists a dearth of long-term monitoring of atmospheric mercury, particularly in the tropics and Southern Hemisphere. This paper presents the first 2 years of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) measurements taken at the Australian Tropical Atmospheric Research Station (ATARS) in northern Australia, as part of the Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS). Annual mean GEM concentrations determined at ATARS (0.95 ± 0.12 ng m−3) are consistent with recent observations at other sites in the Southern Hemisphere. Comparison with GEM data from other Australian monitoring sites suggests a concentration gradient that decreases with increasing latitude. Seasonal analysis shows that GEM concentrations at ATARS are significantly lower in the distinct wet monsoon season than in the dry season. This result provides insight into alterations of natural mercury cycling processes as a result of changes in atmospheric humidity, oceanic/terrestrial fetch, and convective mixing, and invites future investigation using wet mercury deposition measurements. Due to its location relative to the atmospheric equator, ATARS intermittently samples air originating from the Northern Hemisphere, allowing an opportunity to gain greater understanding of inter-hemispheric transport of mercury and other atmospheric species. Diurnal cycles of GEM at ATARS show distinct nocturnal depletion events that are attributed to dry deposition under stable boundary layer conditions. These cycles provide strong further evidence supportive of a multi-hop model of GEM cycling, characterised by multiple surface depositions and re-emissions, in addition to long-range transport through the atmosphere.
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8

Ummenhofer, Caroline C., Peter C. McIntosh, Michael J. Pook, and James S. Risbey. "Impact of Surface Forcing on Southern Hemisphere Atmospheric Blocking in the Australia–New Zealand Sector." Journal of Climate 26, no. 21 (October 16, 2013): 8476–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00860.1.

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Abstract Characteristics of atmospheric blocking in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) are explored in atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations with the Community Atmosphere Model, version 3, with a particular focus on the Australia–New Zealand sector. Preferred locations of blocking in SH observations and the associated seasonal cycle are well represented in the AGCM simulations, but the observed magnitude of blocking is underestimated throughout the year, particularly in late winter and spring. This is related to overly zonal flow due to an enhanced meridional pressure gradient in the model, which results in a decreased amplitude of the longwave trough/ridge pattern. A range of AGCM sensitivity experiments explores the effect on SH blocking of tropical heating, midlatitude sea surface temperatures, and land–sea temperature gradients created over the Australian continent during austral winter. The combined effects of tropical heating and extratropical temperature gradients are further explored in a configuration that is favorable for blocking in the Australia–New Zealand sector with warm SST anomalies to the north of Australia, cold to the southwest of Australia, warm to the southeast, and cool Australian land temperatures. The blocking-favorable configuration indicates a significant strengthening of the subtropical jet and a reduction in midlatitude flow, which results from changes in the thermal wind. While these overall changes in mean climate, predominantly forced by the tropical heating, enhance blocking activity, the magnitude of atmospheric blocking compared to observations is still underestimated. The blocking-unfavorable configuration with surface forcing anomalies of opposite sign results in a weakening subtropical jet, enhanced midlatitude flow, and significantly reduced blocking.
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9

Fraser, Paul J., Bronwyn L. Dunse, Alistair J. Manning, Sean Walsh, R. Hsiang J. Wang, Paul B. Krummel, L. Paul Steele, et al. "Australian carbon tetrachloride emissions in a global context." Environmental Chemistry 11, no. 1 (2014): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en13171.

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Анотація:
Environmental context Carbon tetrachloride in the background atmosphere is a significant environmental concern, responsible for ~10% of observed stratospheric ozone depletion. Atmospheric concentrations of CCl4 are higher than expected from currently identified emission sources: largely residual emissions from production, transport and use. Additional sources are required to balance the expected atmospheric destruction of CCl4 and may contribute to a slower-than-expected recovery of the Antarctic ozone ‘hole’. Abstract Global (1978–2012) and Australian (1996–2011) carbon tetrachloride emissions are estimated from atmospheric observations of CCl4 using data from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) global network, in particular from Cape Grim, Tasmania. Global and Australian emissions are in decline in response to Montreal Protocol restrictions on CCl4 production and consumption for dispersive uses in the developed and developing world. However, atmospheric data-derived emissions are significantly larger than ‘bottom-up’ estimates from direct and indirect CCl4 production, CCl4 transportation and use. Australian CCl4 emissions are not a result of these sources, and the identification of the origin of Australian emissions may provide a clue to the origin of some of these ‘missing’ global sources.
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10

Paton-Walsh, Clare, Peter Rayner, Jack Simmons, Sonya L. Fiddes, Robyn Schofield, Howard Bridgman, Stephanie Beaupark, et al. "A Clean Air Plan for Sydney: An Overview of the Special Issue on Air Quality in New South Wales." Atmosphere 10, no. 12 (December 4, 2019): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120774.

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Анотація:
This paper presents a summary of the key findings of the special issue of Atmosphere on Air Quality in New South Wales and discusses the implications of the work for policy makers and individuals. This special edition presents new air quality research in Australia undertaken by (or in association with) the Clean Air and Urban Landscapes hub, which is funded by the National Environmental Science Program on behalf of the Australian Government’s Department of the Environment and Energy. Air pollution in Australian cities is generally low, with typical concentrations of key pollutants at much lower levels than experienced in comparable cities in many other parts of the world. Australian cities do experience occasional exceedances in ozone and PM2.5 (above air pollution guidelines), as well as extreme pollution events, often as a result of bushfires, dust storms, or heatwaves. Even in the absence of extreme events, natural emissions play a significant role in influencing the Australian urban environment, due to the remoteness from large regional anthropogenic emission sources. By studying air quality in Australia, we can gain a greater understanding of the underlying atmospheric chemistry and health risks in less polluted atmospheric environments, and the health benefits of continued reduction in air pollution. These conditions may be representative of future air quality scenarios for parts of the Northern Hemisphere, as legislation and cleaner technologies reduce anthropogenic air pollution in European, American, and Asian cities. However, in many instances, current legislation regarding emissions in Australia is significantly more lax than in other developed countries, making Australia vulnerable to worsening air pollution in association with future population growth. The need to avoid complacency is highlighted by recent epidemiological research, reporting associations between air pollution and adverse health outcomes even at air pollutant concentrations that are lower than Australia’s national air quality standards. Improving air quality is expected to improve health outcomes at any pollution level, with specific benefits projected for reductions in long-term exposure to average PM2.5 concentrations.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Australian atmosphere"

1

Zhuang, Haixiong School of Mathematics UNSW. "Parameterisation of atmosphere-ocean surface interactions, with applications to the Australian monsoon." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Mathematics, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26170.

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Atmosphere-ocean and atmosphere-land interactions are important processes which determine the development of monsoon systems. In this study, a new atmosphere-ocean surface interaction scheme, referred to as AOSIS, is developed and verified with observed data. AOSIS, together with ALSIS (Atmosphere-Land Surface Interaction Scheme), is then coupled into CEMSYS4 (Computational Environmental Modelling System) to investigate the influences of atmosphere-ocean and atmosphere-land surface interactions on the Australian Monsoon, especially the monsoon onset, break and withdrawal. Numerical experiments are carried out and the simulations are compared with the NCEP (National Center for Environmental Prediction, America) data. AOSIS is constructed with three basic components, i.e., a two-layer ocean temperature model, a wind-wave model and a surface flux model. We divide the ocean into a mixed layer and a deep layer. However, the depth of the mixed layer is not constant but varies with time, depending on surface wind shear and buoyancy flux. In AOSIS, we adapted the approach of relating the stages of wave development by wave age and proposed a new expression for calculating the ocean surface roughness length, $z_{0m}$, with consideration of waves. We test AOSIS in a stand along mode against the Moana data and the NCEP data. The comparison with the Moana data shows that AOSIS has considerable skill in simulating SST (sea surface temperature) and energy fluxes, with the simulated values in good agreement with observed data. AOSIS is also successful in simulating the warm and cool effects considered in the COARE (Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment) scheme. Comparison with the NCEP data also confirms that AOSIS simulates SST well. AOSIS and ALSIS are then coupled into CEMSYS4. We apply the system to the simulation of SST and surface energy fluxes over the Australian region and compared the results with the NCEP data. It is found that the simulated SST and energy fluxes are in good agreement with the NCEP data. Further, we study the synoptic events of the Australian Monsoon onset, break and withdrawal and examine the impacts of atmosphere-ocean and atmosphere-land surface interactions on such synoptic events.
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2

Rudmann, Silvia G., of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Science and Technology, and Centre for Horticulture and Plant Sciences. "Resource utilization of C4 tropical grasses at elevated CO2." THESIS_FST_HPS_Rudmann_S.xml, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/65.

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Анотація:
The atmospheric (CO2) partial pressure is expected to continue to increase and the scenario is that the CO2 partial pressure will reach 50-70 Pa during the 21st century.The rise in CO2 will have a direct influence on plant growth and development because CO2 is the primary substrate for photosynthesis.The aim of the studies described in this thesis was to investigate the response of grasses belonging to two subtypes to a range of CO2 partial pressures under conditions where light intensity, water and N supplies were varied.Two species which are naturalized in Australia, Panicum coloratum (NAD-ME) and Cenchrus ciliaris (NADP-ME) were chosen for a series of experiments conducted in matched growth chambers. The response of C4 plants is particularly important for Australia because they dominate the tropical grasslands that occupy 75% of the continent and form the basis for the pasture industry. Following the extensive research conducted in this study, it can be concluded that the inevitable rise in atmospheric CO2 partial pressure will increase the growth of C4 grasses when other resources are not limiting.Growth of C4 grasses will be stimulated to a greater extent under conditions of drought.
Doctor of Philsophy (PhD)
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3

Kala, Jatin. "Land-atmosphere interactions in Southwest Western Australia." Thesis, Kala, Jatin ORCID: 0000-0001-9338-2965 (2011) Land-atmosphere interactions in Southwest Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2011. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/10624/.

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The Southwest of Western Australia (SWWA) is a region of extensive land cover change with an estimated 13 million hectares of native vegetation cleared since European settlement. Whilst previous studies have suggested meteorological and climatological implications of this change in land use, no studies have explicitly focussed on the detailed mechanisms behind the impacts of land-cover change on individual meteorological phenomena. This thesis seeks to identify the physical mechanisms inducing changes within the atmosphere by using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS V6.0) to simulate the impact of land use change on meteorological phenomena at different scales and evaluate these model results against high resolution atmospheric soundings, station observations, and gridded rainfall analyses where appropriate. Sensitivity tests show that land-cover change results in an increase in low-level atmospheric moisture advection associated with the southern sea-breeze due to a reduction in surface roughness. It also results in a decrease in convective precipitation associated with cold-fronts and convective clouds associated with the surface heat trough, due to an increase in wind speed, and a decrease in turbulent kinetic energy and vertically integrated moisture convergence within the PBL. Large-eddy simulations further highlight the role of land-cover change and soil moisture, as well as the contributions of surface versus entrainment fluxes on the growth of the PBL and development of convective clouds. These results are discussed within the broader context of the meteorology of the region.
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4

Bai, Zhengdong. "Near-Real-Time GPS Sensing of Atmospheric Water Vapour." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16059/1/Zhengdong_Bai_Thesis.pdf.

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Анотація:
An important goal in modern weather prediction is to improve short-term weather forecasts, especially of severe weather and precipitation. However, the ability to achieve this goal is hindered by the lack of timely and accurate observations of atmospheric water vapour, which is one of the most poorly measured and least understood constituents of the Earth's atmosphere due to its high temporal and spatial variability. This situation is being addressed by the Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. GPS radio signals are slowed and bent by changes in temperature, pressure and water vapour in the atmosphere. Traditionally, the GPS signal propagation delay is considered a nuisance parameter that is an impediment to obtaining precise coordinates using GPS. Recent development in GPS precise positioning and orbit determination has enabled the atmospheric parameters to be determined to a high degree of accuracy on a routine basis, using continuous tracking data from ground-based GPS receivers. The aim of this research is to address several critical scientific challenges in estimating the atmospheric water vapour content in near-real-time (NRT) in Australia. Contributions are made to the field of GPS meteorology in the following five areas: First of all, research efforts were made to develop a technical platform for the ground-based GPS meteorology studies and demonstration of GPS Precipitable Water Vapour (PWV) estimation using observations from Australian Regional GPS Networks (ARGN). Methods of estimation of water vapour from GPS and radiosonde data have been developed and tested. GAMIT-based GPS data processing strategies and compare analysis with radiosonde water vapour solutions from the Australia Upper Air Network (AUAN) were undertaken, providing an effective technical basis for further studies. Secondly, the research has developed techniques to allow estimation of atmospheric water vapour from GPS data and surface meteorological observations collected around the GPS sites. Ideally a dedicated meteorological sensor is installed adjacent to the GPS antenna. However, meteorological sensors are normally not installed at most Australian GPS stations. Installing a new meteorological sensor at each GPS station would involve additional cost at the level of one-third or half of the geodetic GPS receiver cost. We have experimentally developed and demonstrated interpolation methods for making use of hourly collected surface meteorological data from the Australian Automatic Weather Station (AWS) network operated by the Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) to estimate atmospheric water vapour. Thirdly, the research has studied ocean tidal loading and its effects on GPS derived precipitable water vapour estimates. The periodic motion of the Earth's surface due to ocean loading is one of the largest periodic motions. However, very little work has been done to quantify their effects on GPS-derived solutions at the GPS sites in the Australian region surrounded by ocean waters. The research presents the theoretical analysis and experimental results from the ARGN network, focusing on ocean loading and its effects on GPS derived precipitable water vapour estimates. The fourth important effort was the development of techniques for estimating highrate Slant Water Vapour (SWV) values for future operational meteorological applications in Australia, including addressing such issues as slant-path delay recovery from post-fit double-difference residuals, and overcoming site multipath effects. The experimental results have demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed methods. Finally, in order to address the meteorological applications with the existing and anticipated GPS reference stations in the Australian region, and measure the atmospheric water vapour content in near-real-time, the technical issues to implement NRT GPS water vapour estimation were identified and discussed, including the data requirements for meteorological and climate applications, NRT data processing and quality control procedures for GPS orbits. The experimental GPS PWV results from NRT and post data processing are compared and presented.
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5

Bai, Zhengdong. "Near-Real-Time GPS Sensing of Atmospheric Water Vapour." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16059/.

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An important goal in modern weather prediction is to improve short-term weather forecasts, especially of severe weather and precipitation. However, the ability to achieve this goal is hindered by the lack of timely and accurate observations of atmospheric water vapour, which is one of the most poorly measured and least understood constituents of the Earth's atmosphere due to its high temporal and spatial variability. This situation is being addressed by the Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. GPS radio signals are slowed and bent by changes in temperature, pressure and water vapour in the atmosphere. Traditionally, the GPS signal propagation delay is considered a nuisance parameter that is an impediment to obtaining precise coordinates using GPS. Recent development in GPS precise positioning and orbit determination has enabled the atmospheric parameters to be determined to a high degree of accuracy on a routine basis, using continuous tracking data from ground-based GPS receivers. The aim of this research is to address several critical scientific challenges in estimating the atmospheric water vapour content in near-real-time (NRT) in Australia. Contributions are made to the field of GPS meteorology in the following five areas: First of all, research efforts were made to develop a technical platform for the ground-based GPS meteorology studies and demonstration of GPS Precipitable Water Vapour (PWV) estimation using observations from Australian Regional GPS Networks (ARGN). Methods of estimation of water vapour from GPS and radiosonde data have been developed and tested. GAMIT-based GPS data processing strategies and compare analysis with radiosonde water vapour solutions from the Australia Upper Air Network (AUAN) were undertaken, providing an effective technical basis for further studies. Secondly, the research has developed techniques to allow estimation of atmospheric water vapour from GPS data and surface meteorological observations collected around the GPS sites. Ideally a dedicated meteorological sensor is installed adjacent to the GPS antenna. However, meteorological sensors are normally not installed at most Australian GPS stations. Installing a new meteorological sensor at each GPS station would involve additional cost at the level of one-third or half of the geodetic GPS receiver cost. We have experimentally developed and demonstrated interpolation methods for making use of hourly collected surface meteorological data from the Australian Automatic Weather Station (AWS) network operated by the Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) to estimate atmospheric water vapour. Thirdly, the research has studied ocean tidal loading and its effects on GPS derived precipitable water vapour estimates. The periodic motion of the Earth's surface due to ocean loading is one of the largest periodic motions. However, very little work has been done to quantify their effects on GPS-derived solutions at the GPS sites in the Australian region surrounded by ocean waters. The research presents the theoretical analysis and experimental results from the ARGN network, focusing on ocean loading and its effects on GPS derived precipitable water vapour estimates. The fourth important effort was the development of techniques for estimating highrate Slant Water Vapour (SWV) values for future operational meteorological applications in Australia, including addressing such issues as slant-path delay recovery from post-fit double-difference residuals, and overcoming site multipath effects. The experimental results have demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed methods. Finally, in order to address the meteorological applications with the existing and anticipated GPS reference stations in the Australian region, and measure the atmospheric water vapour content in near-real-time, the technical issues to implement NRT GPS water vapour estimation were identified and discussed, including the data requirements for meteorological and climate applications, NRT data processing and quality control procedures for GPS orbits. The experimental GPS PWV results from NRT and post data processing are compared and presented.
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6

Torok, Simon. "The development of a high quality historical temperature data base for Australia /." Connect to thesis, 1996. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000699.

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7

Goldthorpe, Ward Hilary. "Carbon capture and storage and the Australian climate policy framework. /." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/7058.

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8

Bowens-Rubin, Rachel. "Paleomagnetism conglomerate test on Archean conglomerate rock from Jack Hills, Australia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/114374.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 59-60).
A paleomagnetism study known as a conglomerate test was run on an Archean sandstone conglomerate rock to determine if the sample contained a remnant magnetization from the time of its formation. Twenty-nine clasts from a thin section of the sample were thermally demagnetized up to a temperature of 395°C. The heating revealed two components of magnetization which were unblocked at low and mid temperatures, revealing a magnetic mineralogy of Pyrrhotite.Eight matrix samples were heated to a temperature of 650°C which revealed two components of magnetization at mid and high temperatures, providing evidence for a magnetic mineralogy of Hematite.The direction of measured magnetic moment of the clasts were statistically similar, indicating that the rock failed the conglomerate test and was remagnetized after the rock formed.
by Rachel Bowens-Rubin.
S.B.
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9

Simons, Frederik Jozef Maurits 1974. "Structure and evolution of the Australian continent : insights from seismic and mechanical heterogeneity and anisotropy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8063.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 235-261).
In this thesis, I explore the geophysical structure and evolution of the Australian continental lithosphere. I combine insights from isotropic and anisotropic seismic surface-wave tomography with an analysis of the anisotropy in the mechanical properties of the lithosphere, inferred from the coherence between gravity anomalies and topography. With a new high-resolution waveform tomographic model of Australia, I demonstrate that the depth of continental high wave speed anomalies does not universally increase with age, but is dependent on the scale and the tectonic history of the region under consideration. I construct an azimuthally anisotropic three-dimensional model of the Australian upper mantle from Rayleigh-wave waveforms. I compare Bayesian inverse methods with discretely parameterized regularization methods, and explore the use of regular, tectonic and resolution-dependent tomographic grids. I advocate the use of multitaper spectral estimation techniques for coherence analysis of gravity and topography, applied to Australian isostasy. I investigate the importance of internal loading, the directional anisotropy of the gravitational response to loading, and the estimation bias affecting the long wavelengths of the coherence function. I develop a method for non-stationary coherence analysis which enables a complete characterization of continental strength by the dependency of gravity-topography coherence on wavelength, direction and geologic age. Combining high-resolution, depth-dependent anisotropy measurements from surface-wave tomography with the mechanical anisotropy from gravity/topography coherence, I assess the validity of two competing theories regarding the cause of continental anisotropy (vertically coherent deformation or simple asthenospheric flow) quantitatively for the very first time.
by Frederik Jozef Maurits Simons.
Ph.D.
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10

Shams, Md Shamim. "Improving streamflow forecasting lead-time for Australian rivers using oceanic-atmospheric oscillations and hydroclimatic variables." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/88140.

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It is essential to develop a long-lead streamflow forecast system for providing the prior signal for possible floods. Climatic variabilities such as oceanic-atmospheric global oscillations may possess tele-connectivity with Australian rainfall-runoff. This study identifies an ocean-atmospheric region connected with Australian rivers streamflow. By utilizing its persistence capacity, statistical and machine learning-based forecast models are developed, predicting inter-annual streamflow forecast of Australian river flows. This outcome will be beneficial for future water planning and mitigating flood risk.
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Книги з теми "Australian atmosphere"

1

Lloyd, K. H. Upper atmosphere research. Canberra, ACT: AGPS Press, Australian Govt. Pub. Service, 1988.

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2

Force, Western Australian Greenhouse Task. Draft Western Australian greenhouse strategy. Perth, W.A: The Task Force, 2003.

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3

Australian and New Zealand Environment Council. Towards a national greenhouse strategy for Australia. Canberra: Australian Government Pub. Service, 1990.

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4

J, Blong R., ed. The greenhouse effect: Living in a warmer Australia. Kensington, N.S.W., Australia: New South Wales University Press, 1989.

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5

Moffatt, Ian. The greenhouse effect: Science and policy in the Northern Territory, Australia. Darwin, Australia: Australian National University, North Australia Research Unit, 1992.

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6

Whetton, Peter. Australian Region intercomparison of the results of some general circulation models used in enhanced greenhouse experiments. Australia: CSIRO, 1991.

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7

Garratt, J. R. Winds of change: Fifty years of achievements in the CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research, 1946-1996. Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO Pub., 1998.

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8

Australian made: A multicultural reader. Sydney: Sydney University Press, 2010.

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9

Council, Australia Prime Minister's Science. Global climatic change: Issues for Australia. Canberra, A.C.T: AGPS Press, 1989.

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10

Evans, J. L. Envisaged impacts of enhanced greenhouse warming on tropical cyclones in the Australian region. Australia: CSIRO, 1990.

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Частини книг з теми "Australian atmosphere"

1

Ponsford, Megan. "The atmosphere vibrated with triumphant joy." In The 1935 Australian Cricket Tour of India, 185–96. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003263456-9.

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2

Hardisty, Paul E., Tom S. Clark, and Robert G. Hynes. "Chapter 7 Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Electricity Generation: A Comparative Analysis of Australian Energy Sources." In Pollution and the Atmosphere, 97–136. 3333 Mistwell Crescent, Oakville, ON L6L 0A2, Canada: Apple Academic Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315365633-8.

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3

Sun, Dan, Tianjun Zhou, and Feng Xue. "Mascarene High, Australian High, and Antarctic Oscillation Simulated by FGOALS-s2." In Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model, 153–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41801-3_19.

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4

Norman, Robert, Brett Carter, James Bennett, John Le Marshall, John Hearne, and Kefei Zhang. "Australian Space Research Program—Platform Technologies for Space, Atmosphere and Climate Project: Selected Innovations." In Mathematics for Industry, 159–74. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55342-7_15.

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5

Zhang, K., J. Sang, C. S. Wang, J. C. Bennett, B. Carter, R. Norman, and S. Wu. "The Australian Space Research Program Project: Platform Technologies for Space Atmosphere and Climate: Progress and Preliminary Results." In International Association of Geodesy Symposia, 19–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37222-3_3.

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6

Eckermann, Stephen D., and Robert A. Vincent. "Falling Sphere Observations of Anisotropic Gravity Wave Motions in the Upper Stratosphere over Australia." In Middle Atmosphere, 509–32. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-5825-0_22.

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7

Lau, William K. M., Duane E. Waliser, M. C. Wheeler, and J. L. McBride. "Australasian monsoon." In Intraseasonal Variability in the Atmosphere-Ocean Climate System, 147–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13914-7_5.

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8

Goss, W. M., Claire Hooker, and Ronald D. Ekers. "To the Cavendish Laboratory of the University of Cambridge, 1931." In Historical & Cultural Astronomy, 53–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07916-0_6.

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AbstractFrom the 1851 Exhibition Scholarship Committee to Pawsey on 1 October 1931:Pawsey started out in research in the midst of excitement over the possibilities of radio communications and the iteratively developing physical understanding of the ionosphere and of the equipment that might be used to investigate it. During 1926–28 he completed his BSc at the University of Melbourne, Victoria. In 1929 he began a Master’s Degree, which was at that time a research-only degree, under the direction of Professor T.H. Laby. He was supported by receiving the M.J. Bartlett Research Scholarship. Presumably this, along with his work as a tutor in Physics at Queens College, provided him with a small, but independent, income. He embarked on a study of “atmospherics”—electrical disturbances in the atmosphere that Appleton, at King’s College, London, and others had linked in part with thunderstorm activity—and their impact on radio broadcasting. From January 1930 to August 1931, he carried out observations using a cathode ray direction finder, working with George H. Munro and Lenard Huxley as part of the Australian Radio Research Board (RRB). Pawsey wrote in 1933: “We were able to give strong evidence that all atmospherics originate in lightning flashes, and made measurements of intensity enabling the distance of the thunderstorms to be roughly determined.” (Ratcliffe & Pawsey, 1933)
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9

Andrews, Kylie E., and Russell J. Blong. "March 1990 Hailstorm Damage in Sydney, Australia." In Earthquake and Atmospheric Hazards, 113–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5034-7_2.

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10

Suni, Tanja, Markku Kulmala, L. Sogacheva, Anne Hirsikko, Tommi Bergman, Pasi Aalto, Marko Vana, et al. "Ions and Charged Aerosol Particles in a Native Australian Eucalypt Forest." In Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 902–5. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6475-3_177.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Australian atmosphere"

1

Mitchell, W. M., J. B. Chittleborough, and B. J. Noye. "Hindcast Modelling of Recent Tsunamis in the Australian Region." In Ocean and Atmosphere Pacific: OAP 95. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812811936_0008.

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2

Barnett, Elizabeth J., and Nick Harvey. "Relative Sea-Level Change and Geologic Corrections to South Australian Tide Gauge Records." In Ocean and Atmosphere Pacific: OAP 95. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812811936_0005.

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3

Sun, Zhian, Charmaine Franklin, Xiaobing Zhou, and J. K. P. Shonk. "Evaluation of a scheme representing cloud inhomogeneous structure in the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS)." In RADIATION PROCESSES IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN (IRS2012): Proceedings of the International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS). AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4804876.

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4

Rolle, Francesca, and Michela Sega. "Use of FTIR spectroscopy for the measurement of CO2 carbon stable isotope ratios." In 19th International Congress of Metrology (CIM2019), edited by Sandrine Gazal. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metrology/201905002.

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the most important long-lived anthropogenic greenhouse gases. Ocean, land and biosphere contribute to take up CO2 emissions, but approximately half of fossil fuel CO2 accumulates in the atmosphere. The study of isotopic composition of CO2 can give useful information for assessing and quantifying the uptake of CO2 in the environmental compartments, as well as for distinguishing natural from anthropogenic carbon in the atmosphere. In this work, an activity for the development of a Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) based method for δ13C-CO2 determination in CO2 in air mixtures is presented. The FTIR can be calibrated by a classical approach based on primary calibration gas standards, but an alternative calibration can be based on the generation of synthetic spectra, by means of radiative transfer calculation codes such as the Multiple Atmospheric Layer Transmission (MALT University of Wollongong, Australia). Another software (B-FOS) developed at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) allows to interface MALT and the FTIR management software. This calibration approach is fast and reliable and can be used when the classical calibration based on reference gas mixtures might be demanding. The uncertainty obtained for δ13C-CO2 measurements is around 0.1 ‰, at a nominal CO2 mole fraction of 400 μmol mol-1 in air.
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5

Lawrence, J. S., S. C. Ellis, J. Bland-Hawthorn, J. Bryant, S. Case, L. Gers, R. Haynes, et al. "Atmospheric OH suppression with GNOSIS at the Anglo-Australian Telescope." In 2011 International Quantum Electronics Conference (IQEC) and Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) Pacific Rim. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iqec-cleo.2011.6193886.

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6

Kasymov, D., V. Agafontsev, E. Loboda, Yu Loboda, and V. Reyno. "INTEGRATED EXPERIMENTAL STUDY USING INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY METHOD ON BEHAVIOR OF WOOD CONSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN FIRE CONDITIONS." In 9TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NONEQUILIBRIUM PROCESSES, PLASMA, COMBUSTION, AND ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA. TORUS PRESS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30826/nepcap9a-27.

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In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires. The ignition of buildings in the WUI is a serious international problem due to large-scale fires in Australia, Greece, Portugal, Russia, and USA. In Russia, where forests occupy a large territory, the WUI fires are a national problem, and the damage to the real sector of the economy is tens and hundreds of million dollars per year.
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7

Setiawan, Heri, Kevin Kevin, and Jason P. Monty. "An assessment of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Effects on the Ship Air–wake." In 22nd Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC2020. Brisbane, Australia: The University of Queensland, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14264/cb96d63.

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8

Hari, Sridhar, Yassin A. Hassan, and Jiyuan Y. Tu. "Simulation of a Subcooled Boiling Experiment Using RELAP5/MOD3.2 Computer Code." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-1133.

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Abstract The results of a low-pressure subcooled flow boiling experiment simulated with the RELAP5/MOD3.2 thermal-hydraulic computer program are presented. The objective of the present study is to assess the suitability of application of the RELAP5 computer program for the thermal hydraulic safety analysis of research reactors. These reactors as the High Flux Australian reactor HIFAR operate at near-atmospheric pressures with upward forced convective flow. Subcooled boiling phenomenon plays an important role in the heat transfer aspects of this reactor. It is found that the void fraction profile predicted by the code for the various experimental conditions differ considerably from the experimental results.
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9

Lawrence, William T., Marc L. Imhoff, Thomas D. Sisk, and David Stutzer. "Bird habitat mapping in the Kakadu National Park, Australia, using synthetic aperture radar (NASA/JPL AIRSAR)." In Third International Asia-Pacific Environmental Remote Sensing Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Ocean, Environment, and Space, edited by Stephen G. Ungar, Shiyi Mao, and Yoshifumi Yasuoka. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.472697.

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10

"Projected change in frequency, intensity and duration of atmospheric temperature inversions for Southeast Australia." In 21st International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM2015). Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2015.g4.ji.

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