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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Australia Census, 1981"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Australia Census, 1981"

Carmichael, Gordon A. "Indigenous fertility in Australia: updating Alan Gray." Journal of Population Research 36, no. 4 (September 20, 2019): 283–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12546-019-09233-w.

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Abstract Although he was not the first scholar to investigate it, there is little question that the Ph.D. research of Alan Gray, completed in 1983, represented a landmark in the study of Indigenous fertility in Australia. Convinced that ‘Aboriginal’ fertility had fallen rapidly through the 1970s, Gray set out to document and explain the decline. Weaving through a maze of sub-optimal census data he produced a series of age-specific and total fertility rates, refined by three broad geographic location categories, for 5-year periods from 1956–1961 to 1976–1981. These he subsequently updated to also include 1981–1986 and the 10-year period 1986–1996 as new census children-ever-borne data became available. He would doubtless have extended his series further had he lived to do so. For years his fertility estimates were graphed in the annual ABS publication Births Australia as the Bureau began publishing registration-based Indigenous fertility estimates from the late 1990s, but Indigenous birth registration data and fertility estimates based thereon remain to this day problematic in several respects. This paper summarises Alan Gray’s work, extends his Indigenous fertility estimates to the 2011–2016 intercensal period, and examines the results against registration-based estimates that have been subjected to (a) regular retrospective revision (in light of data processing flaws and substantial errors of closure in intercensal Indigenous population increments), and (b) the vagaries of significant late registration, and periodic registry efforts to clear backlogs of unregistered Indigenous births.

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Raymer, James, and Bernard Baffour. "Subsequent Migration of Immigrants Within Australia, 1981–2016." Population Research and Policy Review 37, no. 6 (July 31, 2018): 1053–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11113-018-9482-4.

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Abstract Australia is a major immigration country and immigrants currently represent around 28% of the total population. The aim of this research is to understand the long-term consequences of this immigration and, particularly, how migrants respond to opportunities within the country after arriving through the process of subsequent (internal) migration. The focus is on major immigrant groups in Australia, including persons born in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, China and India, and how their patterns differ from persons born in Australia. To conduct this analysis, we have gathered data for a 35-year period based on quinquennial census data. We also obtained birthplace-specific mortality data for constructing multiregional life tables for the immigrant populations. Subsequent migration is important for understanding population redistribution, and the relative attractiveness of destinations within host countries. Our results highlight the importance of subsequent migration and the diversity of migration behaviours amongst different immigrant groups in the context of overall declines in internal migration since 1981.

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Khoo, Siew-Ean, Kee Pookong, Trevor Dang, and Jing Shu. "Asian Immigrant Settlement and Adjustment in Australia." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 3, no. 2-3 (June 1994): 339–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689400300205.

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Asians have been the fastest growing overseas-born population inAustralia, more than doubling from 1981 to 1991. Based on the 1991 Census, this article broadly examines economic and social characteristics of the Asian-born population in Australia. Economic factors such as labor force participation, unemployment, occupation, income and housing reveal a great diversity in the settlement experience of the Asian-born, attributable to the diversity of backgrounds. The speed and success of adjustment by refugees and migrants from business, skill and family migrant streams are assisted by such social factors as English language proficiency.

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Miller, Paul W. "Aspects of Occupational Mobility and Attainment among Immigrants in Australia." International Migration Review 21, no. 1 (March 1987): 96–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838702100106.

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Analysis of data from the 1981 Australian Census indicates that there are considerable differences between the occupational distributions of the native and foreign born. Immigrants from non-English speaking countries are at a far greater disadvantage than their counterparts from English-speaking countries. Estimates of probability models of occupational attainment suggest that the inferior labor market position of immigrants from non-English speaking countries results from the relatively poor minor occupational gains they derive from additional years of education.

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Lee-Wong, Song Mei. "Michael Clyne & Sandra Kipp, Pluricentric languages in an immigrant context: Spanish, Arabic and Chinese. (Contributions to the Sociology of Language, no. 82). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1999. Pp. xxi, 360. Hb DM 248.00, $160.00." Language in Society 30, no. 3 (July 2001): 500–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404501263052.

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This volume is a highly detailed and thoughtful analysis of the language use of Spanish, Arabic, and Chinese speakers in one of the major cities of Australia, Melbourne. Bringing together census findings and other empirical data, this study addresses the issues of pluricentricity and language maintenance and language shift in an immigrant context. Australia, as one of the world's more successful countries in its national bilingual policy, has been a catalyst for local research in community languages. The present volume complements the earlier works of both authors, for instance, Clyne 1991 and Kipp 1981.

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O’HANLON, SEAMUS. "‘A Victorian community overseas’ transformed: demographic and morphological change in suburban Melbourne, Australia, 1947–1981." Urban History 42, no. 3 (December 11, 2014): 463–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096392681400073x.

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ABSTRACTOne of the world's great Victorian-era suburban metropolises, Melbourne, Australia, was transformed by mass immigration and the redevelopment of some of its older suburbs with low-rise flats and apartments in the post-war years. Drawing on a range of sources, including census material, municipal rate and valuation books, immigration and company records, as well as building industry publications, this article charts demographic and morphological change across the Melbourne metropolitan area and in two particular suburbs in the mid- to late twentieth century. In doing so, it both responds to McManus and Ethington's recent call for more histories of suburbs in transition, and seeks to embed the role of immigration and immigrants into Melbourne's urban historiography.

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Tull, M., S. J. Metcalf, and H. Gray. "The economic and social impacts of environmental change on fishing towns and coastal communities: a historical case study of Geraldton, Western Australia." ICES Journal of Marine Science 73, no. 5 (November 2, 2015): 1437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv196.

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Abstract For decades, many Australian coastal communities have been changing, in varying degrees, from traditional “fishing towns” to “mining”, “tourism”, or “retirement” towns. However, environmental changes, such as climate change, have increased the vulnerability of these communities and their capacity to continue to successfully adapt is unknown. A framework for the assessment of socio-ecological vulnerability is used to provide information on the response to change in Geraldton, Western Australia. Geraldton has traditionally been a port and fishing town and has recently become a hub for the expanding mining industry. An innovative historical assessment of adaptive capacity using sustainable livelihoods analysis with indicators of social, economic, human, financial, physical, and natural capital is used to calculate socio-ecological vulnerability over time. The framework integrates adaptive capacity with environmental change, resource dependence, and the socio-economic importance of the fished species during four census years: 1921, 1954, 1981, and 2011. The earlier years are characterized by high adaptive capacity and low socio-ecological vulnerability in keeping with strong economic growth and low unemployment rates following the First and Second World Wars. The years 1981 and 2011 showed markedly higher socio-ecological vulnerability and lower adaptive capacities. This result was due to progressively greater exposure to climate change and the high socio-economic importance of fished species, as well as relatively poor physical, social, and natural capital. With continuing environmental and economic change, the fishing industry and the broader Geraldton population is likely to become increasingly vulnerable. Proactive rather than passive adaptation may speed the recovery and reduce a decline in the fishing industry and local economies. The paper briefly discusses potential adaptation in Geraldton which may be useful as a guideline for other coastal communities.

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Copley, P. B., and P. J. Alexander. "Overview of The Status of Rock-wallabies in South Australia." Australian Mammalogy 19, no. 2 (1996): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97153.

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The status of Yellow-footed Rock-wallabies (Petrogale xanthopus) and Black-footed Rock-wallabies (P. lateralis) in South Australia was assessed by comparing recent survey and census data with previously collated information about the distribution and relative abundance of each taxon. Petrogale xanthopus has maintained most of its known geographic range within the state; however, its relative abundance has declined significantly and 35 (or 15%) of a total of 229 recorded colonies have become extinct since European settlement. Eight of these colony extinctions have occurred over the past 25 years; three of them since 1981. As this species is continuing to decline it should be regarded as threatened within the state. Petrogale lateralis has at least two sub-species which occur in South Australia. Petrogale lateralis pearsoni is endemic to the state and occurs on offshore islands. Since 1960 its natural occurrence of about 3-500 individuals on North Pearson Island has been expanded to four other islands through translocations and the total population is now about 700-1100 animals. This subspecies, while not occurring in large numbers, is nonetheless relatively secure due to the additional populations established and the fact that these are on islands isolated from most mainland threats. The mainland subspecies, Petrogale lateralis MacDonnell Ranges race, by comparison has suffered a drastic reduction in both geographic range and abundance to the point where it is South Australia’s most critically endangered vertebrate taxon. It has declined from being a very common species in the state’s far north- west to only two known, widely separated, colonies which total less than 100 animals between them. Management and research recommendations are provided.

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O’Regan, Tom, and Catherine Young. "Journalism by numbers: trajectories of growth and decline of journalists in the Australian census 1961–2016." Media International Australia 172, no. 1 (August 2019): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x19862935.

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In this article, we use the five-yearly census of occupations to develop an historical perspective on Australian journalist employment from 1961. We do so for two reasons. First, we gauge the impact on journalist employment of online media from 1996 and media platforms since 2006 comparing these to previous media transformations. Second, we explore journalism and its occupational profile noting its close connection with authors and public relations professions. To allow for a period when the Australian Bureau of Statistics placed journalists and authors together as in a single occupational grouping (from 1961 to 1981), we track their combined employment from 1961 to 2016. From 1986, we consider journalists and authors separately. In each case, we consider numbers employed, their respective proportion of the workforce and their compound annual growth rates establishing the extent to which employment grew above – or fell below – that of the workforce as a whole. We show the gradual recalibration of journalists and their writer–author counterparts with respect to each other. From 1996, we outline the performance of different kinds of journalist over the 20 years to 2016 covering both online’s first open Internet decade and its second closed media platform from 2006 to 2016.

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Loy-Wilson, Sophie. "A Chinese shopkeeper on the Atherton Tablelands: Tracing connections between regional Queensland and regional China in Taam Szu Pui's My life and work." Queensland Review 21, no. 2 (November 12, 2014): 160–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2014.23.

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Chinese-run stores were a vital part of the regional communities that developed throughout Australia in the nineteenth century. Functioning variously as supply stores, post offices, banks, cook-shops, hotels and hiring depots, they helped to maintain links between regional areas and metropolitan centres, connecting local businesses to overseas markets. Chinese immigrants were a dominant part of this retail trade across the country. By 1901, there were 800 people of Chinese descent working in Queensland shops, while the South Australian census listed 400 Chinese shopkeepers for the same year.

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Дисертації з теми "Australia Census, 1981"

Jiggins, Stephen, and n/a. "Propaganda and public information campaigns : a case study of the 1991 Australian census communication campaign." University of Canberra. Communication, Media & Tourism, 1994. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060801.162048.

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Jowett and O'Donnell observe that 'there is a clear revival of interest in the important role of propaganda in many aspects of modern life, not necessarily related to international intrigue or military campaigns' (1992, p. xi). This thesis has examined the 1991 Census communication campaign (ABS 1991a) for evidence of propaganda intentions and strategies. Propaganda is clearly a pejorative term and its application to a particular campaign could imply a covert attempt at manipulation by the authority behind the campaign�the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). As the author was responsible for the development, implementation and evaluation of the 1991 Census communication campaign and had privileged access to a range of sources, a reader might expect detailed references to internal files which reveal conscious decision-making to mount a propaganda campaign. This is not the case. An analysis of the 150 working files associated with the campaign revealed no support for such a hypothesis; there was no evidence of decision-making with the intent of implementing propaganda strategies. Similarly, during interviews with senior ABS managers, these managers categorically rejected the notion that the Bureau conducted a propaganda campaign and pointed to the fact that all procedures were cleared through both the Federal Parliament and the Privacy Commissioner. The hypothesis explored by this thesis is that despite this lack of conscious direction, propaganda processes are evident in the way the ABS conducted the communication campaign for the 1991 Census. The perspective of the thesis is closely aligned to that of Altheide and Johnson who locate propaganda as the bridge between 'organisational image and reality' (1980, p. 4). Altheide and Johnson regard propaganda as an insidious phenomena based on impression-management through the 'rigorous pursuit of scientifically valid procedures and standards' (1980, p. 229). The end result of this impression-management is that certain 'facts' are presented to the exclusion of all others. This thesis argues that impression-management strategies are evident in the way the ABS conducted the communication campaign for the 1991 Census. The processes of impression-management are subtle and do not reside in such sources as internal files. The process operates through the internalised ethos and corporate values inculcated in the minds of senior staff within the Bureau and is best conceptualised as a mindset, reflected in outcomes. I have used the term mindset to cover the process of converting abstract values into specific guides for action�fora discussion of this process see Hall (1977, pp. 69 - 83). This mindset is well-illustrated by the issue of compulsion�the obligation to complete a census form. At one level the ABS procedures are impeccable: cleared through the federal parliament and the Privacy Commissioner�and it is this form of discourse that is documented in internal files. The procedures do not, however, enable respondents to make an informed decision about whether the census is compulsory and about the ramifications for non-compliance. The mindset operating here is based on the value of the census to the ABS�the census is good for the ABS�it generates revenue and legitimises the role of the organisation. The thesis presents data which establishes that there is a significant gap between the organisational image of the census (in the corporate mind of the ABS) and that perceived by householders. The mindset of the ABS is clearly evident in the procedures adopted on this issue. The main finding of this thesis is that many of the processes underlying the development of the 1991 Census communication campaign were subtle environmental influences. These reflected the internal dynamics of the ABS, and its ability as an institution to control the communication environment through addressing the needs of other major organisations, such as the media, and the release of selective information to specific target audiences. In this context, institutional dynamics, more than decisions by individual managers, influenced the conduct of the campaign. The process of propaganda, therefore, is implicit in the 1991 Census rather than explicit�a distinction, in terms of process, drawn by Pearlin and Rosenberg (1954) in their examination of propaganda techniques in institutional advertising. It should also be acknowledged that whilst the author did have privileged access to information, there is no information contained in this thesis that would not be publicly available. The majority of primary sources are reports published by the ABS or papers delivered by Bureau staff at a range of fora. Permission was sought from the ABS for assistance in obtaining access to information and this was readily granted.

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Книги з теми "Australia Census, 1981"

Graeme, Hugo. Atlas of the Australian people: Western Australia, 1986 Census. Canberra: Australian Govt. Pub. Service, 1989.

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Castles, Ian. Multicultural Australia. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1991.

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Rubinstein, W. D. Judaism in Australia. Canberra: Australian Govt. Pub. Service, 1995.

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James, Jupp. Birthplaces of the Australian people: Colonial & commonwealth censuses, 1828-1991. [Canberra]: Centre for Immigration & Multicultural Studies, Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University, 1995.

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Matwijiw, Peter. Atlas of youth unemployment, 1981: The geographic distribution of youth unemployment in Australian cities from the 1981 census according to birthplace and gender. Melbourne: Australian Institute of Multicultural Affairs, 1985.

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Population Census Conference (11th 1987 Sydney, Australia and Canberra, Australia). Che 11-chʻa Inʼgu Hoeŭi kyŏlgwa pogosŏ: Eleventh Population Census Conference, Sydney/Canberra, Australia, February 9-13, 1987. [Seoul]: Kyŏngje Kihoegwŏn Chosa Tʻonggyeguk, 1987.

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Lowe, Jeremy. The Australian Maori population: A demographic analysis based on 1986 Australian and New Zealand census data = Nga Maori ki ahiterēria. Wellington: New Zealand Planning Council, 1990.

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John, Walker. Australian community-based corrections, 1985-86: Results of the first national census of community-based corrections. Phillip, A.C.T: Australian Institute of Criminology, 1986.

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R, Walker John. Australian community-based corrections, 1985-86: Results of the first national census of community-based corrections. Philip, A.C.T., Australia: Australian Institute of Criminology, 1986.

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Coughlan, James E. A comparative study of the labour force performance of Indochinese-born immigrants in Australia: A preliminary analysis of the 1986 census data. Nathan, Queensland, Australia: Centre for the Study of Australian-Asian Relations, Division of Asian and International Studies, Griffith University, 1989.

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Частини книг з теми "Australia Census, 1981"

Raymer, James, Xujing Bai, and Peter W. F. Smith. "Forecasting Origin-Destination-Age-Sex Migration Flow Tables with Multiplicative Components." In Developments in Demographic Forecasting, 217–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42472-5_11.

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Abstract In this chapter, we show how multiplicative components that capture the underlying structures of migration flow tables can be used to inform forecasts of interstate migration in Australia. For our illustration, we decompose 5-year census migration flow tables by state or territory of origin, state or territory of destination, 5-year age group and sex for seven census time periods from 1981–1986 to 2011–2016. The components are described over time and then fitted with time series models to produce holdout sample forecasts of interstate migration with measures of uncertainty. Goodness-of-fit statistics and calibration are then used to identify the best fitting models. The results of this research provide (i) insights into the different migration patterns of an important aspect of subnational population growth in Australia and (ii) potential inputs for standard or multiregional cohort component projection models.

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"5. Labour Market Outcomes Among the Chinese at the 1986 Census." In Asians in Australia, 117–56. ISEAS Publishing, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/9789814379502-008.

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Borjas, George J., Barry R. Chiswick, George J. Borjas, and Barry R. Chiswick. "The “Negative” Assimilation of Immigrants: A Special Case." In Foundations of Migration Economics, 163–94. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788072.003.0008.

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This chapter studies whether “negative” assimilation among immigrants living in the United States occurs if skills are highly transferable internationally. It outlines the conditions for negative assimilation in the context of the traditional immigration assimilation model, in which negative assimilation arises not from a deterioration of skills but from a decline in the wages afforded by skills coincident with the duration of residence. The authors use U.S. Census data from 1980, 1990, and 2000 to test the hypothesis on immigrants to the United States from English-speaking developed countries. They present comparisons with native-born workers to determine whether the findings are sensitive to immigrant cohort quality effects and find that even after controlling for these effects, negative assimilation still occurs for immigrants in the sample. They also find that negative assimilation occurs for immigrants from English-speaking developed countries living in Australia and for immigrants from Nordic countries living in Sweden.

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