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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Australia Census, 1976"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Australia Census, 1976"

Pauwels, Anne. "Australia as a Multilingual Nation." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 6 (March 1985): 78–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026719050000307x.

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For the benefit of readers unfamiliar with Australia's multilingual situation, the following statistics on language are provided, all derived from the 1976 Australian Census, the most recent one to provide detailed information on language use.lA wealth of languages is represented in Australia: depending on what is considered a language and what a dialect, the number of languages present in Australia is estimated at around 150 for the Aboriginal languages (100 of which are threatened by extinction) and between 75 and 100 for the immigrant languages.

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Olivier, Jake, Mahsa Esmaeilikia, Marilyn Johnson, Ben Beck, and Raphael Grzebieta. "Does the Australian Bureau of Statistics Method of Travel to Work data accurately estimate commuter cycling in Australia?" Journal of Road Safety 31, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-19-00178.

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The Australian Census of Population and Housing includes a responder’s Method of Travel to Work for Persons (MTWP) on Census Day. With some exceptions, responders can select multiple modes of transport. In Australia and overseas, this data has been used to estimate mode share and the proportion of Australians who utilize various active transport modes. This is especially true for cycling as there are scant data sources for Australian cycling exposure. The aims of this paper are to discuss weaknesses of MTWP data and the appropriateness of MTWP data to estimate cycling in Australia, and to assess changes in MTWP data relative to the introduction of bicycle helmet legislation. The use of MTWP data to estimate Australian cycling is limited due to: (1) data collection occurring on single days in winter once every five years, (2) it is not possible to identify a primary mode of transport, and (3) the 1976 data was not a full enumeration. MTWP data estimates about 1.5% of Australians cycle while other data sources are much higher ranging from 10% to 36%. With regard to bicycle helmet legislation, comparisons were made for each state/territory for the census immediately preceding helmet legislation and the following census. Overall, the proportion of cyclists among active transport users is similar from pre- to post-legislation (relative change=+1%, 95% CI: -13%, +18%), although all but two states/territories estimate an increase in cycling. In conclusion, the Australian government should invest in routinely collecting high-quality mobility data for all modes of travel to assist in the decision-making and assessment of road safety policies.

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Carmichael, Gordon A. "Indigenous fertility in Australia: updating Alan Gray." Journal of Population Research 36, no. 4 (September 20, 2019): 283–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12546-019-09233-w.

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Abstract Although he was not the first scholar to investigate it, there is little question that the Ph.D. research of Alan Gray, completed in 1983, represented a landmark in the study of Indigenous fertility in Australia. Convinced that ‘Aboriginal’ fertility had fallen rapidly through the 1970s, Gray set out to document and explain the decline. Weaving through a maze of sub-optimal census data he produced a series of age-specific and total fertility rates, refined by three broad geographic location categories, for 5-year periods from 1956–1961 to 1976–1981. These he subsequently updated to also include 1981–1986 and the 10-year period 1986–1996 as new census children-ever-borne data became available. He would doubtless have extended his series further had he lived to do so. For years his fertility estimates were graphed in the annual ABS publication Births Australia as the Bureau began publishing registration-based Indigenous fertility estimates from the late 1990s, but Indigenous birth registration data and fertility estimates based thereon remain to this day problematic in several respects. This paper summarises Alan Gray’s work, extends his Indigenous fertility estimates to the 2011–2016 intercensal period, and examines the results against registration-based estimates that have been subjected to (a) regular retrospective revision (in light of data processing flaws and substantial errors of closure in intercensal Indigenous population increments), and (b) the vagaries of significant late registration, and periodic registry efforts to clear backlogs of unregistered Indigenous births.

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Borsellino, Rosabella. "The changing migration patterns of the 65+ population in Australia, 1976-2016." Australian Population Studies 4, no. 1 (May 22, 2020): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37970/aps.v4i1.60.

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Background The demand for amenity, health and aged care, and social support are of concern to rapidly ageing communities. Understanding how the migration trends of the 65+ population compare to movements made by the rest of the population can assist in planning for future growth. Aim The aim of the paper is to understand how the migration patterns of the 65+ population in Australia have changed over the past forty years in comparison to the total population. Data and methods Five-year interval census migration data were used to examine the migration flows of the 65+ population between 1976 and 2016. A range of metrics was used to measure the level or intensity of internal migration and its impact on the redistribution of the population at the national level. Regional net migration rates were then used to compare net gains and losses between regions and track changes over time in the direction of flows across the Australian settlement system. Results The propensity to migrate declined over the forty years for all ages but proportionally less for the over 65+ group. Gains in the 65+ population were spread across a range of middle-density regions with losses from the most urban and remote areas. The migration patterns observed in the total population were less spatially consistent, with periods of gain in some remote regions. Conclusions The system-wide metrics showed an overall decline in migration propensity between regions and changes in the redistributive impact of migration by age. The net migration maps and scatterplots revealed large changes in the regional growth and decline of the 65+ population as new destinations emerged in regional Victoria and New South Wales.

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Howe, Anna L. "Health care costs of an aging population: the case of Australia." Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 7, no. 4 (November 1997): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959259897007491.

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Since pronounced aging of the population became evident in the 1976 Australian census, there have been repeated expressions of concern about the health care costs associated with this trend. The latest of these has come from the National Commission of Audit (NCA) which was established by the newly elected conservative Commonwealth Government in June 1996 to undertake a wide-ranging review of the financial position of the Commonwealth Government. The Terms of Reference on which the NCA was to report included 'the impact of demographic change on Commonwealth finances, with the intention of making recommendations as to how emerging pressures could be provisioned'. Many of the themes canvassed in its report are in common with those raised in analyses of the implications of aging for health care costs in other countries, but some reflect particular characteristics of the Australian aged care system and social policy context.

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Gray, Edith, and Ann Evans. "Changing education, changing fertility: a decomposition of completed fertility in Australia." Australian Population Studies 3, no. 2 (November 17, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37970/aps.v3i2.42.

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Background The expansion of education in Australia, particularly for women, is one of the most significant social changes of the last five decades. The relationship between education and fertility has been widely studied, showing that increases in higher education for women are consistently associated with lower fertility. Given the close link between education and fertility, this paper questions what effect the changing educational profile of Australian women has had on overall fertility trends. Aims This paper investigates the effect of the increase in education on completed fertility by decomposing the change in overall completed fertility into two components: (1) change in completed fertility as a result of the proportion of women in different education categories and, (2) changes in completed fertility of women in each education category. Data and methods The study uses 2016 Census data on the number of children ever born of five cohorts of women born between 1952 and 1976. Decomposition is used to distinguish the effects of the two components. Results The educational composition of women in these cohorts is dramatically different, with an increasing number of women having completed tertiary education in later cohorts. Completed fertility has also changed across successive cohorts. We find that for the earliest cohorts most of the decline is due to declines in completed fertility within education categories, but for later cohorts the decline is attributable to increases in the proportion of women with higher levels of education. Conclusions Despite tertiary education becoming much more common, fertility within this group remains lower than other education groups. While other countries have seen a narrowing of the gap in fertility rates between education groups, this pattern is not found in Australia.

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Simon-Kumar, Rachel, Janine Paynter, Annie Chiang, and Nimisha Chabba. "Sex ratios and ‘missing women’ among Asian minority and migrant populations in Aotearoa/New Zealand: a retrospective cohort analysis." BMJ Open 11, no. 11 (November 2021): e052343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052343.

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ObjectivesRecent research from the UK, USA, Australia and Canada point to male-favouring sex ratios at birth (SRB) among their Asian minority populations, attributed to son preference and sex-selective abortion within these cultural groups. The present study conducts a similar investigation of SRBs among New Zealand’s Asian minority and migrant populations, who comprise 15% of the population.Setting and participantsThe study focused on Asian populations of New Zealand and comparisons were made with NZ European, Māori, Pacific Island and Middle-Eastern, Latin American and African groups. Secondary data were obtained from the New Zealand historical census series between 1976 and 2013 and a retrospective birth cohort in New Zealand was created using the Stats NZ Integrated Data Infrastructure from 2003 to 2018.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was SRBs and sex ratios between the ages 0 and 5 by ethnicity. A logistic regression was conducted and adjusted for selected variables of interest including visa group, parity, maternal age and deprivation. Finally, associations between family size, ethnicity and family sex composition were examined in a subset of this cohort (families with two or three children).ResultsThere was no evidence of ‘missing women’ or gender bias as indicated by a deviation from the biological norm in New Zealand’s Asian population. However, Indian and Chinese families were significantly more likely to have a third child if their first two children were female compared with two male children.ConclusionThe analyses did not reveal male-favouring sex ratios and any conclusive evidence of sex-selective abortion among Indian and Chinese populations. Based on these data, we conclude that in comparison to other western countries, New Zealand’s Asian migrant populations present as an anomaly. The larger family sizes for Indian and Chinese populations where the first two children were girls suggested potentially ‘soft’ practices of son preference.

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Markham, Francis, and Nicholas Biddle. "Recent changes to the Indigenous population geography of Australia: evidence from the 2016 Census." Australian Population Studies 2, no. 1 (May 26, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37970/aps.v2i1.21.

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Background The Indigenous population of Australia has grown very rapidly since the first tabulation of census statistics about Indigenous people in the 1971 ABS Census of Population and Housing (Census). Understanding the size and location of the Indigenous Australians is important to the State for service delivery and policy, and for Indigenous peoples themselves. Aims This paper summarises changes to population geography of Indigenous Australians between 2011 and 2016. It describes the growth in the estimated population, and its changing geographic distribution. The paper derives a measure of ‘unexpected population change’: the spatial mismatch between demographic projections from the 2011 and 2016 Census counts. Data and methods Census data and population projections are tabulated and mapped. Results Indigenous people now comprise 3.3 per cent of the total Australian population, or 798,381 persons. This population grew by 3.5 per cent each year between 2011 and 2016, a rate of growth 34 per cent faster than that explained by natural increase alone. Both aspects of growth were concentrated in more urban parts of the country, especially coastal New South Wales and southeast Queensland. For the first time, fewer than 20 per cent of Indigenous people were recorded as living in remote areas. Conclusions Indigenous population growth continues to be remarkably rapid. Future research is required to understand the correlates and causes of population growth beyond that explained by natural increase.

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Scutt, Jocelynne A. "Religious Freedom and the Australian Constitution – Origins and Future." Denning Law Journal 30, no. 2 (August 8, 2019): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/dlj.v30i2.1766.

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The most recent Australian Census, conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) in 2016 (with a 95.1 per cent response rate), confirms that Australia is ‘increasingly a story of religious diversity, with Hinduism, Sikhism, Islam, and Buddhism all increasingly common religious beliefs’.1 Of these, between 2006 and 2016 Hinduism shows the ‘most significant growth’, attributed to immigration from South East Asia, whilst Islam (2.6 per cent of the population) and Buddhism (2.4 per cent) were the most common religions reported next to Christianity, the latter ‘remaining the most common religion’ (52 per cent stating this as their belief). Nevertheless, Christianity is declining, dropping from 88 per cent in 1966 to 74 per cent in 1991, and thence to the 2016 figure. At the same time, nearly one-third of Australians (30 per cent) state they have no religion, this group reflecting ‘a trend for decades’ which, says the ABS, is ‘accelerating’

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Barney, Katelyn, and Martin Nakata. "Editorial." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 46, no. 1 (July 12, 2017): iii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2017.6.

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We are very pleased to bring you Volume 46 of The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education. This year is a particularly significant time for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander issues and education. It marks the 25th anniversary of the landmark Mabo decision that refuted the legal doctrine of terra nullius and recognised that the Miriam people were continuously present and exclusively possessed Mer in the Torres Strait. It is also the 50th anniversary of the 1967 referendum, a significant milestone resulting in constitutional change to recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in the national census. This year also marks the release of the Universities Australia Indigenous Strategy 2017–2020, which is designed to provide a sector-wide initiative that binds all universities together with common goals. The strategy includes important initiatives to increase the numbers of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people participating in higher education, increase the engagement of non-Indigenous people with Indigenous knowledge and educational approaches, and improve the university environment for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

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Книги з теми "Australia Census, 1976"

Graeme, Hugo. Atlas of the Australian people: Western Australia, 1986 Census. Canberra: Australian Govt. Pub. Service, 1989.

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Castles, Ian. Multicultural Australia. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1991.

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Ross, Kate Elizabeth. Population issues, indigenous Australians, 1996. [Canberra]: Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1996.

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Lowe, Jeremy. The Australian Maori population: A demographic analysis based on 1986 Australian and New Zealand census data = Nga Maori ki ahiterēria. Wellington: New Zealand Planning Council, 1990.

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McLennan, W. 1996 census of population and housing: Selected social and housing characteristics for statistical local areas : [Name of local area]. [Canberra]: Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1997.

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Coughlan, James E. A comparative study of the labour force performance of Indochinese-born immigrants in Australia: A preliminary analysis of the 1986 census data. Nathan, Queensland, Australia: Centre for the Study of Australian-Asian Relations, Division of Asian and International Studies, Griffith University, 1989.

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Graeme, Hugo. Atlas of the Australian People: South Australia. Australian Govt Pub Service, 1990.

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Graeme, Hugo. Atlas of the Australian People: Australian Capital Territory. Australian Govt Pub Service, 1992.

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Hugo, Graeme. Atlas of the Australian people: 1986 census. Australian Govt. Pub. Service, 1989.

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Graeme, Hugo. Atlas of the Australian people: 1986 census. Australian Govt. Pub. Service, 1989.

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Частини книг з теми "Australia Census, 1976"

Raymer, James, Xujing Bai, and Peter W. F. Smith. "Forecasting Origin-Destination-Age-Sex Migration Flow Tables with Multiplicative Components." In Developments in Demographic Forecasting, 217–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42472-5_11.

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Abstract In this chapter, we show how multiplicative components that capture the underlying structures of migration flow tables can be used to inform forecasts of interstate migration in Australia. For our illustration, we decompose 5-year census migration flow tables by state or territory of origin, state or territory of destination, 5-year age group and sex for seven census time periods from 1981–1986 to 2011–2016. The components are described over time and then fitted with time series models to produce holdout sample forecasts of interstate migration with measures of uncertainty. Goodness-of-fit statistics and calibration are then used to identify the best fitting models. The results of this research provide (i) insights into the different migration patterns of an important aspect of subnational population growth in Australia and (ii) potential inputs for standard or multiregional cohort component projection models.

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"5. Labour Market Outcomes Among the Chinese at the 1986 Census." In Asians in Australia, 117–56. ISEAS Publishing, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/9789814379502-008.

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Towlson, Jon. "“Deadened by Blood and Gore”:Censorship." In Dawn of the Dead, 101–16. Liverpool University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781800856370.003.0007.

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Although Dawn of the Dead polarized critics and shocked audiences, the biggest challenge it posed was to the film industry’s regulatory bodies, as this chapter discusses. Dawn of the Dead’s financial success as an unrated film undermined the MPAA rating system, putting pressure on the MPAA to make changes to the system, which eventually resulted in the replacement of the “X”-rating with the “NC-17”. In Britain – according to then BBFC president James Ferman – Dawn of the Dead was considered a threat in terms of confronting the BBFC with “violence never before passed by the Board.” In Ontario, Canada it suffered severe cuts; and in Australia it was initially banned. Part of the threat Dawn of the Dead posed to these regulatory bodies arose because of its status as an independent film. The chapter argues that studio films, such as Friday the 13^th (1979) were felt by the regulators to be mitigated by their essentially conservative moral messages; Romero’s satire of consumer-capitalism was, by contrast, ideologically troubling to censors.

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